Journal articles: 'Vfx'

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Grassi, Giorgia, Iacopo Chiodini, Serena Palmieri, Elisa Cairoli, Maura Arosio, and Cristina Eller-Vainicher. "Bisphosphonates after denosumab withdrawal reduce the vertebral fractures incidence." European Journal of Endocrinology 185, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-21-0157.

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Objective Several studies showed the occurrence of vertebral fracture (VFx) in patients discontinuing denosumab (Dmab), suggesting the need of bisphosphonate (BPs) therapy to mitigate this VFx risk increase. However, the morphometric VFx (morphoVFx) incidence after Dmab discontinuation and the BPs effect on VFx risk in this setting are still a matter of debate. Design Retrospective, monocentric study. Methods In 120 patients (111 females) discontinuing Dmab, 19 have not been treated (non-treated group: 16 females, aged 63.5 ± 15.0 years) and 101 patients have been treated (treated group: 95 females, aged 70.0 ± 10.6 years) with BPs (28 alendronate (ALN); 73 zoledronate ZOL), single infusion), respectively. We evaluated the incidence of both clinical VFx and morphoVFx in treated group and non-treated group. Results Patients in treated group showed a 5.5% VFx incidence (n = 6, three clinical, three morpho VFx), which was anyway lower than non-treated group patients (n = 4, 21.1%, four clinical, three multiple, P = 0.029), despite a comparable FRAX score at the time of Dmab initiation. The logistic regression analysis showed that the VFx incidence was independently associated with the lack of BPs treatment (odds ratio: 13.9, 95% CI 1.7–111.1, P = 0.014), but not with the number of Dmab injections, age, duration of BPs before Dmab initiation, the BMD at Dmab withdrawal, and the prevalence of VFx at Dmab withdrawal. Conclusions The Dmab withdrawal is associated with an increased risk of clinical but not morphometric VFx. Therapy with ALN or with a single ZOL treatment is partially effective in reducing the increased VFx risk after Dmab withdrawal.

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Ng, Lynn-Sze. "Role of Enhancing Visual Effects Education Delivery to Encounter Career Challenges in Malaysia." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2017010104.

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Problem-based Learning (PBL) is one of the most effective methods of instruction that helps Visual Effects (VFX) students to be more adaptable at encountering career challenges in Malaysia. These challenges are; lack of several important requirements such as, the basic and fundamental knowledge of VFX concepts, the ability to understand real-world problems and to convert ideas into VFX solutions, the ability to attain and retain up-to-date knowledge of VFX concepts, and perhaps most importantly, the ability to come up with solutions to real-world problems. Its role in helping students; thus, encompasses improving the level of meaningfulness of their learning experience, and their skills in terms of comprehension, knowledge retention, problem-solving, self-directed learning, as well as interpersonal skills. The use of PBL helps VFX students to cope with the encounters of the career challenges in Malaysia that may be enhanced by focusing on a faculty-wide approach as compared to applying it on a course at a time. Moreover, such methods of enhancing VFX education delivery in Malaysia are to encourage reflective practices and PBL based dialogues on VFX, and to increase the level of VFX competence of instructors through improved training methods.

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Samaras, Evanthia. "Futureproofing Visual Effects." International Journal of Digital Curation 16, no. 1 (August 15, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v16i1.689.

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Digital visual effects (VFX), including computer animation, have become a commonplace feature of contemporary episodic and film production projects. Using various commercial applications and bespoke tools, VFX artists craft digital objects (known as “assets”) to create visual elements such as characters and environments, which are composited together and output as shots. While the shots that make up the finished film or television (TV) episode are maintained and preserved within purpose-built digital asset management systems and repositories by the studios commissioning the projects; the wider VFX network currently has no consistent guidelines nor requirements around the digital curation of VFX digital assets and records. This includes a lack of guidance about how to effectively futureproof digital VFX and preserve it for the long-term. In this paper I provide a case study – a single shot from a 3D animation short film – to illustrate the complexities of digital VFX assets and records and the pipeline environments whence they are generated. I also draw from data collected from interviews with over 20 professional VFX practitioners from award-winning VFX companies, and I undertake socio-technical analysis of VFX using actor-network theory. I explain how high data volumes of digital information, rapid technology progression and dependencies on software pose significant preservation challenges. In addition, I outline that by conducting holistic appraisal, selection and disposal activities across their entire digital collections, and by continuing to develop and adopt open formats; the VFX industry has improved capability to preserve first-hand evidence of their work in years to come.

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Yu, Hyoung-Jun. "Study on Indefinite-shape VFX." Journal of Image and Cultural Contents 17 (June 30, 2019): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24174/jicc.2019.06.17.173.

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Jones, Nick. "Far from Houdini: The ‘Magic’ of the VFX Breakdown." Animation 18, no. 1 (March 2023): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17468477231155541.

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VFX (visual effects) breakdowns are short ancillary videos that advertise the digital animation work undertaken by a VFX company for a particular film or television programme. Claiming to take viewers ‘behind the magic’ of VFX, breakdowns disassemble a wide variety of shots and sequences, and point to the extensive use of computer-generated imagery in contemporary blockbuster cinema. But, as much as breakdowns reveal some illusions, they conjure others. Breakdowns operate in a register of speed, fluidity and efficacy, showing neither the many people nor the extensive periods of time that it takes to painstakingly generate all these VFX. In this article, the author reveals how the omission of labour and duration in VFX breakdowns both reflects and contributes to a broader (mis)understanding of digital effects as immaterial, instantaneous and magical. His case study is Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019), a film that links VFX with magic, evokes the breakdown in some of its spectacular visuals, and even outright villainizes those effects artists who seek fair recognition for their work.

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Samaras, Evanthia, and Andrew Johnston. "Off-Lining to Tape Is Not Archiving: Why We Need Real Archiving to Support Media Archaeology and Ensure Our Visual Effects Legacy Thrives." Leonardo 52, no. 4 (August 2019): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01779.

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This paper examines digital asset archiving and preservation practice in the visual effects (VFX) industry. The authors briefly summarize media archaeology theory and provide an overview of how VFX studios presently archive project assets and records, based on case study and interview research conducted with expert VFX practitioners from leading international studios. In addition, the authors propose that current practice could be improved by adopting archival science methods, including digital preservation practices. Doing so will support media archaeology studies of digital cultures over time and ensure that the legacy of VFX creative and technical production thrives for future generations.

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Al-Bacha, Souad, Brendan Page, Han Lam, Michael Singer, Bernard Cook, D. Sudhaker Rao, and Shobana Athimulam. "RF18 | PSAT165 Effect of Age, Gender, & Ethnicity on the Prevalence of Vertebral fractures in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A228—A229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.469.

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Abstract Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the known causes of secondary osteoporosis. PHPT is associated with increased bone turnover, low bone density and quality; but there have been conflicting results on the risk of fractures. There is limited information on the effects of age, gender, and ethnicity on fracture risk in PHPT. Objective To determine the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFx) and associated risk factors in patients with PHPT Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study Setting: Academic medical center in a community setting Main outcome measured: 1) Bone mineral density (BMD), and T- and Z-scores of the lumbar spine (LS). 2) Vertebral morphometry was assessed using the Genant method to identify asymptomatic vertebral fractures (VFx) on CT spine images. 3) Biochemical measurements included serum PTH, Creatinine (Cr) and Calcium (Ca). Results In this retrospective study of consecutive 560 PHPT patients verified by surgery [447 women with a median age of 62y; 362 Caucasians (65%), 142 African Americans (AA, 25%) and 22 unspecified race (10%)] were included. Prevalence of VFx was 13% (n=75), other sites 15% (n=84), wrist fractures 3% (n=16) and hip fractures 1% (n=6). Fracture prevalence at all sites was higher in women, but significant only for VFx (71% vs 29%, p=0.04). In subgroup analysis by age (above or below 50y) and gender, there was no significant difference in LS BMD, T- or Z-score values, serum PTH, Ca and Cr in patients with and without VFx. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity: i) prevalence of all fractures was higher in Caucasians compared to AA and others ii) mean serum PTH (±SD) level was significantly higher in AA vs Caucasian patients with VFx (190 ± 124 vs 121 ± 57 pg/mL, p=0.03) and iii) no significant differences were noted in LS BMD, T-or Z-scores, serum Ca and Cr in patients with VFx. In multivariate analysis (age, serum Ca, PTH >100, and LS BMD) to predict risk of VFx in all patients, only age [OR 1.07, CI 1.03-1.11) and serum Ca [OR 1.7, CI 1.03–2.79] were significant factors. In women, multivariate analysis identified increasing age to be the only significant risk factor to predict risk of VFx. [OR 1.107, CI 1.03-1.12]. Conclusion Vertebral fractures (VFx) is more prevalent in comparison to wrist and hip fractures in patients with PHPT. Serum PTH is significantly higher in African American PHPT patients with VFx. Increasing age and serum calcium ≥11.1 mg/dL are significant predictors of VFx in PHPT patients. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 12:42 p.m. - 12:47 p.m., Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

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Gadir Ahmadov, Araz Aliyev, Gadir Ahmadov, Araz Aliyev. "INTEGRATING VISUAL EFFECTS INTO 2D PLATFORMER GAMES TO ENHANCE PLAY EXPERIENCES." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 40, no. 05 (April 25, 2024): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei40052024-291.

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As the gaming industry continues to evolve, developers seek innovative ways to engage players and heighten their immersive experiences. This paper explores the integration of visual effects (VFX) into 2D platformer games as a means to enhance gameplay experiences. By combining traditional platformer mechanics with carefully crafted visual elements, developers can introduce new dimensions of excitement, challenge, and aesthetic appeal to players. The paper begins by surveying the historical progression of 2D platformer games and the role of visual aesthetics in shaping player engagement. It then delves into the theoretical framework of integrating VFX, drawing from principles of game design, psychology, and visual perception. Through a review of relevant literature and case studies, the paper highlights successful implementations of VFX in various gaming contexts, illustrating their potential to influence player behavior and emotional responses.Additionally, the paper addresses the importance of balancing visual spectacle with gameplay clarity, ensuring that VFX enhancements do not detract from core mechanics or impede player comprehension. It emphasizes the iterative nature of design processes, advocating for playtesting and user feedback to refine and optimize VFX integration. This paper provides insights into the transformative role of visual effects in enhancing play experiences within the realm of 2D platformer games. By embracing VFX as a creative tool, developers can unlock new realms of imagination and captivate players in ever-evolving adventures. Keywords: VFX, Visual Effects, 2D Platformer, Game Development, User experience.

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van der Weijden, Maria A. C., J. Christiaan van Denderen, Willem F. Lems, Michael T. Nurmohamed, Ben A. C. Dijkmans, and Irene E. van der Horst-Bruinsma. "Etanercept Increases Bone Mineral Density in Ankylosing Spondylitis, but Does Not Prevent Vertebral Fractures: Results of a Prospective Observational Cohort Study." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 4 (February 15, 2016): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150857.

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Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to ankylosis, but also to low bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures (VFx). Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α blockers decreases inflammation and has shown to be effective in increasing BMD. We studied the effects of etanercept (ETN) on BMD and VFx in patients with AS after 2 years of treatment. Further, we studied changes in bone turnover markers and radiological damage.Methods.Patients with active AS, treated with ETN for 2 years, were included. BMD lumbar spine and hip were measured at baseline and after 2 years, as well as radiological damage (modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score with the addition of the thoracic spine), VFx (Genant method), and change in bone turnover markers.Results.Forty-nine patients with AS were included. After 2 years of ETN, hip BMD increased by 2.2% (p = 0.014) and lumbar spine BMD by 7.0% (p < 0.001). The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index decreased significantly (p < 0.001), as well as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001). Despite ETN therapy, the number of patients with VFx more than doubled (from 6 to 15 patients, p = 0.003). Also, the radiological damage increased significantly over time (from 12.1 to 18.5, p < 0.001); however, no significant change in bone turnover markers was found.Conclusion.This prospective longitudinal observational cohort study showed that after 2 years of ETN, BMD of the hip and spine increased significantly, but the number of patients with VFx and the severity of VFx increased as well. Besides that, radiological progression, including the thoracic spine, increased significantly. Thus, the favorable bone-preserving effect is accompanied by unfavorable outcomes on VFx and radiological damage.

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Eller-Vainicher, Cristina, Marcello Filopanti, Serena Palmieri, Fabio Massimo Ulivieri, Valentina Morelli, Volha V. Zhukouskaya, Elisa Cairoli, et al. "Bone quality, as measured by trabecular bone score, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism." European Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 2 (August 2013): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0305.

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ObjectiveIn primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), vertebral fractures (VFx) occur regardless of bone mineral density (BMD) and may depend on decreased bone quality. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a texture measurement acquired during a spinal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Recently, TBS has been proposed as an index of bone micro-architecture.DesignWe studied 92 PHPT patients (74 females, age 62.1±9.7 years) and 98 control subjects. In all patients at baseline, in 20 surgically treated patients and in 10 conservatively treated patients after 24 months, TBS, spinal (lumbar spine (LS)) and femoral (total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN)) BMD were assessed by DXA and VFx by spinal radiograph.ResultsPHPT patients had lower TBS (−2.39±1.8) and higher VFx prevalence (43.5%) than controls (−0.98±1.07 and 8.2% respectively, bothP<0.0001). TBS was associated with VFx (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.9,P=0.02), regardless of LS-BMD, age, BMI and gender, and showed a better compromise between sensitivity (75%) and specificity (61.5%) for detecting VFx than LS-BMD, TH-BMD and FN-BMD (31 and 75%, 72 and 44.2%, and 64 and 65% respectively). In surgically treated patients, TBS, LS-BMD, TH-BMD and FN-BMD increased (+47±44.8,+29.2±34.1,+49.4±48.7 and +30.2±39.3% respectively, allP<0.0001). Among patients treated conservatively, TBS decreased significantly in those (n=3) with incident VFx (−1.3±0.3) compared with those without (−0.01±0.9,P=0.048), while BMD changes were not statistically different (LS 0.3±1.2 vs −0.8±0.9 respectively,P=0.19; TH 0.4±0.8 vs −0.8±1.4 respectively,P=0.13 and FN 0.4±0.9 vs −0.8±1.4 respectively,P=0.14).ConclusionsIn PHPT, bone quality, as measured by TBS, is reduced and associated with VFx and improves after surgery.

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Mandapuram, Mounika. "Visual Effects in Movies: Bridging the Imagination-Reality Divide." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v9i1.709.

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Visual effects, or VFX, have become essential to contemporary filmmaking. With the use of VFX, directors can take viewers to magical realms, recreate historical epochs, and give life to the wildest of their audiences' imaginations. VFX has revolutionized filmmaking, enabling directors to push the boundaries of storytelling. From otherworldly creatures to breathtaking landscapes, VFX artists bridge the gap between what the mind conceives and what the camera captures. This bridge connects the limitless realm of human imagination with the physical reality of cinematic storytelling. In this article, we highlight the significance of visual effects in modern filmmaking and underline their potential to blur the line between the fantastical and the virtual worlds they portray. In addition, the study digs into the seamless integration of visual effects into live-action sequences, which serves as an example of the artistry required to produce plausible illusions.

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Anastasilakis, Athanasios D., Polyzois Makras, Julien Paccou, Ilias Bisbinas, Stergios A. Polyzos, and Socrates E. Papapoulos. "Similarities and Differences in the Management of Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures and Those with Rebound-Associated Vertebral Fractures Following Discontinuation of Denosumab." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2023): 5874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185874.

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Rebound-associated vertebral fractures (RVFx) following denosumab discontinuation are typically multiple, are commonly associated with acute sharp pain, increase the risk of imminent fractures, and are pathogenetically different from common osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VFx). A clinically relevant question is whether patients with RVFx should be managed differently from patients with osteoporotic VFx. To address this question, we performed a systematic search of the PubMed database, and we reviewed current evidence on the optimal management of patients with RVFx. For pain relief of patients with RVFx, potent analgesics, often opioids, are essential. Information on the effectiveness of braces in these patients is scarce. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are strongly contraindicated as they confer a substantial risk for new VFx. Exercise may be helpful, but again evidence is lacking. In contrast to patients with osteoporotic VFx, in whom initial treatment with bone-forming agents is recommended, patients with RVFx should initiate treatment with potent antiresorptives. To summarize, patients who have sustained RVFx following denosumab discontinuation are at a very high risk for new fractures, especially VFx. The management of such patients requires a multidisciplinary approach that should not be restricted to pain relief and administration of antiosteoporotic medication, but should also include back protection, early mobilization, and appropriate exercise.

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Rothstein, Joseph. "Ensoniq VFX-SD Synthesizer/Workstation." Computer Music Journal 14, no. 3 (1990): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679970.

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Abouaf, J. "Creating illusory realism through VFX." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20, no. 4 (July 2000): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2000.851741.

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Salcuni, Antonio Stefano, Valentina Morelli, Cristina Eller Vainicher, Serena Palmieri, Elisa Cairoli, Anna Spada, Alfredo Scillitani, and Iacopo Chiodini. "Adrenalectomy reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in patients with monolateral adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical hypercortisolism." European Journal of Endocrinology 174, no. 3 (March 2016): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-15-0977.

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ObjectiveSubclinical hypercortisolism (SH) is associated with increased risk of vertebral fractures (VFx). The effect on bone following recovery from SH is unknown.DesignOf the 605 subjects consecutively referred for monolateral adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) to our outpatient clinics, 55 SH patients (recruited on the basis of the exclusion criteria) were enrolled. We suggested to all patients to undergo adrenalectomy, which was accepted by 32 patients (surgical group, age 61.3±8.1 years) and refused by 23 patients, who were followed with a conservative management (non-surgical group, age 65.4±7.1 years).MethodsWe diagnosed SH in patients with serum cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg-DST) >5.0 μg/dl or with greater than or equal to two criteria among 1 mg-DST >3.0 μg/dl, urinary free cortisol >70 μg/24 h and ACTH <10 pg/ml. We assessed: bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (as Z-score) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the VFx presence by X-ray at baseline and at the end of follow up (surgical group 39.9±20.9 months and non-surgical group 27.7±11.1 months).ResultsThe LS Z-score (ΔZ-score/year) tended to increase in the surgical group (0.10±0.20) compared with the non-surgical group (−0.01±0.27, P=0.08) and in the former, the percentage of patients with new VFx was lower (9.4%) than in the latter (52.2%, P<0.0001). Surgery in AI patients with SH was associated with a 30% VFx risk reduction (odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.01–0.05, P=0.008) regardless of age, gender, follow up duration, 1 mg-DST, LS BMD, and presence of VFx at baseline.ConclusionIn patients with monolateral AI and SH, adrenalectomy reduces the risk of VFx.

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Milan, Andreea, Gabriel Hancu, Daniela Lupu, Monica Budău, Vladimir Garaj, and Hajnal Kelemen. "Venlafaxine Chiral Separation by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Chiral Selector and Experimental Design Method Optimization." Symmetry 12, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050849.

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Venlafaxine (VFX) is a modern antidepressant from the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. It is a chiral substance used in therapy as a racemate, but differences between the pharmacological properties of the two enantiomers have been reported. The current article presents the development of a simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the rapid chiral separation of VFX enantiomers. A complex cyclodextrin (CD) screening at four different pH levels was carried out to establish the optimum chiral selector; carboxymethyl-β-CD (CM-β-CD) at pH 2.5 was selected for further method development. An initial “one factor at time” (OFAT) screening strategy was used to establish the influence of analytical parameters on the separation, followed by a face centered central composite design (FCCD) for the optimization process. The analytical performances of the newly developed method were verified in terms of accuracy, linearity, precision, repeatability, and sensitivity. The method was used for the determination of VFX enantiomer ratio in pharmaceutical forms. Finally, computer modelling of VFX-CD complexes was undertaken to characterize host–guest chiral recognition.

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Ahmed, Jashim Uddin, Mohammad Jasim Uddin, Md Anwar Sadat Shimul, and S. S. M. Sadrul Huda. "Ogniroth Studios: Transforming Ideas into Innovation." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 4, no. 2 (December 2015): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977915596252.

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The Ogniroth Studios has been an overwhelming experience in understanding how animation firms operate in Bangladesh, especially about their major promotional and marketing strategies, overall attitude and behaviour of the advertising industry towards animation and video effects (VFX). Ogniroth Studios is one of the leading VFX-based firms in Bangladeshi advertising industry that offers animation and VFX services to different clients. Since its inception, it has been dedicatedly exploring innovation and delivering outstanding and quality works. The advertising agencies that operate in Bangladesh are not equipped with in-house VFX facilities, and therefore they primarily rely on external firms, such as, Ogniroth Studios. Although such industry has a very short history in Bangladesh, over the past four years of operation Ogniroth Studios has successfully managed to offer outstanding works and thus satisfying the clients by being competitive to the global market. The founders of Ogniroth Studios believe in promoting innovation; thus, they do not restrict the boundary of imagination. Marketing activities and branding of Ogniroth Studios play a vital role to its achieving sustainability.

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Jacobs, Nicolaas H., Marth Munro, and Chris Broodryk. "Embodied performance with digital visual effects technology: Empirical results of a digital acting programme." Technoetic Arts 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00123_1.

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The impact of digital media and technology on performance arts is evident when digital visual effects (VFX) filming techniques are introduced on a film set. Digital technologies influence the film actor’s approach to be congruent to and authentic within the circumstances of the scene. Actors require an effective skillset and strategies to successfully deliver an embodied performance aligning with the various digital VFX techniques. Focusing on imagination, action and emotion that would facilitate such an embodied performance, we drew on relevant neuroscientific notions such as neuron reactivation, conceptual blending, as-if body states and affordances. Additionally, we incorporated relevant embodied performance concepts from Stanislavski, Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies, Effector Patterns including the Emotional Body Approach and Lessac Kinesensics to the development of a digital acting programme, advancing the actor’s required skills and providing on-set digital acting strategies to support congruency with digital VFX and authenticity within the diegetic reality. The efficacy of this programme was determined by assessing pre- and post-intervention recordings of both a control and an experimental group of trained actors. Reflection-on-action journals from participants supplemented the assessment. The assessments and journals indicate that the acquired skillset and on-set digital acting strategies effectively improve the actor’s performance with digital VFX filming technology.

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Krieg, M. A., D. Stoll, B. Aubry-Rozier, M. Metzger, D. Hans, and O. Lamy. "The OsteoLaus Cohort Study." Osteologie 21, no. 02 (2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1621671.

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ZusammenfassungEine indirekte Beurteilung der Mikroarchitektur (MA) ist in der täglichen Praxis anhand des TBS (Trabecular Bone Score) näherungsweise möglich. Das Ziel der OsteoLaus-Kohorte besteht darin, klinische Risikofaktoren und Informationen aus der DXA (Knochenmineraldichte [BMD], TBS und Wirbelkörperfrakturerkennung [VFA]) zu kombinieren, um Frauen mit hohem Frakturrisiko leichter zu erkennen. Wir nahmen 631 Frauen im mittleren Alter von 67,4 ± 6,7 J. und mit einem BMI von 26,1 ± 4,6 auf. Es bestand eine schwache Korrelation zwischen BMD und Zentrums-gematchtem TBS (r2 = 0,16). Die Prävalenz von Wirbelfrakturen (VFx) Grad 2/3, größeren osteoporotischen (OP) Frakturen und allen OP-Frakturen betrug 8,4 %, 17,0 % bzw. 26,0 %. Alters- und BMI-adjustierte OR (nach abnehmender SD) lagen bei 1,8 (1,2–2,5), 1,6 (1,2–2,1) bzw. 1,3 (1,1–1,6) für BMD und 2,0 (1,4–3,0), 1,9 (1,4–2,5) bzw. 1,4 (1,1–1,7) für TBS. Die TBS OR (nach abnehmender SD), adjustiert nach Alter, BMI und Wirbelsäulen-BMD, für VFx Grad 2/3, größere und alle OP-Frakturen betrugen 1,7 (1,1–2,7), 1,6 (1,2–2,2) bzw. 1,3 (1,0–1,7). Nur 35 bis 44 % der Frauen mit OP-Frakturen hatten eine BMD <−2,5 SD oder einen TBS < 1.200. Durch Kombination eines BMD < −2,5 SD oder TBS < 1,200 werden 54 bis 60 % der Frauen mit OP-Fraktur erkannt. Somit können wir anhand von VFA, BMD und TBS aus einem einfachen und strahlenarmen Röntgenverfahren, der DXA, Zusatzinformationen gewinnen, die für den Patienten im Praxisalltag von Nutzen sind.

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Samaras, Evanthia, and Andrew Johnston. "Fleeting Film: Using Story to Seek Archival Permanence in the Transitory and Globalized Digital Visual Effects Industry." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 47, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2018-0001.

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AbstractArchiving is a long-standing vocation, founded on principles such as provenance, original order, truth, evidence, preservation and permanence. A far cry from the visual spectacle and movable feast of film visual effects (VFX)—a transitory and globalized industry of disposable firms, ever-advancing technologies and a roving workforce which craft digital animations and seamless effects for the big screen. In this paper we utilize the concept of “story” as a premise to bring together the seemingly different vocations of archival science and film VFX. Through an exploration of digital film production and archival practice under the context of storytelling, we aim to highlight the need for archivists to work with the VFX industry to ensure evidence of this culturally significant aspect of filmmaking and cinema discourse is preserved into the future. As well present the argument that archives are more than collections of historical evidence. Archives are story—and archivists are storytellers.

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Zhou, Jiani. "A Visual Comparison Study of Ocean Wave Effect Using Real-Time Engine." Journal of Image and Graphics 12, no. 2 (2024): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joig.12.2.145-151.

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With the enhancement Computer Graphics (CG) processing capabilities, the richness of digital content creation has been significantly improved. In particular, the improvement of computer performance has considerably promoted technological innovation in the visual effects field. The practical significance of Visual effects (VFX) for digital content has gradually transformed into an essential form of expression from the beginning of auxiliary embellishment. This means that the VFX team needs to spend more time and manpower to make changes in response to the feedback, which leads to delays in the project schedule. In this paper we propose a workflow to reduce the rendering time of ocean wave effects at certain camera distances. Token two non-dynamically driven ocean effects, the image similarity of the camera views at different distances from the sea surface under the two software is compared and the time is recorded. Found image similarity in the 80%+ range and dramatically reducing rendering time has helped the VFX industry solve the long-standing problem of excessive rendering time consumption.

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변혜원. "Interactive VFX System for TV Virtual Studio." Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society 21, no. 5 (December 2015): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15701/kcgs.2015.21.5.21.

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Tsourdi, Elena, M. Carola Zillikens, Christian Meier, Jean-Jacques Body, Elena Gonzalez Rodriguez, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis, Bo Abrahamsen, et al. "Fracture Risk and Management of Discontinuation of Denosumab Therapy: A Systematic Review and Position Statement by ECTS." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 106, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa756.

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Abstract Context Denosumab discontinuation is characterized by an increase in bone turnover overriding pretreatment status, a rapid bone loss in the majority and multiple vertebral fractures (VFx) in some patients. Methods A working group of the European Calcified Tissue Society performed an updated systematic review of existing literature on changes of bone turnover, bone mineral density (BMD), and fracture risk after denosumab discontinuation and provided advice on management based on expert opinion. Results Important risk factors for multiple VFx following denosumab cessation are prevalent VFx, longer duration off therapy, greater gain in hip BMD during therapy, and greater loss of hip BMD after therapy according to a retrospective analysis of the FREEDOM Extension Study. Case series indicate that prior bisphosphonate therapy mitigates the biochemical rebound phenomenon after denosumab discontinuation, but it is uncertain whether this attenuation prevents BMD loss and fractures. Current evidence indicates partial efficacy of subsequent antiresorptive treatment with results seemingly dependent on duration of denosumab treatment. Conclusions A careful assessment of indications to start denosumab treatment is advised, especially for younger patients. A case for long-term treatment with denosumab can be made for patients at high fracture risk already on denosumab treatment given the favorable efficacy and safety profile. In case of denosumab discontinuation, alternative antiresorptive treatment should be initiated 6 months after the final denosumab injection. Assessment of bone turnover markers may help define the optimal regimen, pending results of ongoing randomized controlled trials. Patients who have sustained VFx should be offered prompt treatment to reduce high bone turnover.

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Du, Yi-chen, Xiao Dong, and Jae-Hyuk Ko. "CG image product system by virtual control of simulator camera." Journal of Digital Convergence 15, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2017.15.3.195.

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Eller-Vainicher, Cristina, Claudia Battista, Vito Guarnieri, Silvana Muscarella, Serena Palmieri, Antonio Stefano Salcuni, Giuseppe Guglielmi, et al. "Factors associated with vertebral fracture risk in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism." European Journal of Endocrinology 171, no. 3 (September 2014): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0343.

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ObjectiveTo examine factors, in addition to bone mineral density (BMD), such as the common calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene polymorphisms, associated with vertebral fracture (VFx) risk in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Design and methodsA cross-sectional analysis of 266 Caucasian PHPT seen as outpatients. Serum calcium (sCa) phosphate metabolism parameters were measured. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (expressed as Z-score) at lumbar spine (Z-LS) and femoral neck, morphometric VFx by radiograph, and CASR A986S/R990G genotypes by PCR amplification and genomic DNA sequencing.ResultsFractured patients (n=100, 37.6%) had lower sCa (10.8±0.7 mg/dl) and Z-LS BMD (−1.0±1.44), higher age (61±10 years), and prevalence (51%) of ≥1 S alleles of the CASR A986S single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; AS/SS), than those not fractured (n=166, 11.2±1.0 mg/dl, −0.57±0.97, 58±13 years, and 38% AS/SS, respectively, P<0.05 for all comparisons). Logistic regression, with VFx as dependent variable, showed independent risks associated with increased age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, P=0.006), decreased sCa (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28–2.7, P=0.001), and Z-LS BMD (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.12–1.7, P=0.002) and presence of AS/SS (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9, P=0.05). The presence of two out of three factors (age ≥58 years, sCa <10.8 and Z-LS BMD≤−1.0, and AS/SS genotype) gave an overall OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.25–7.85, P<0.0001).ConclusionsIn PHPT, VFx is associated positively with age, negatively with sCa and spinal BMD, and presence of at least one copy of the CASR A986S SNP.

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An, Dong. "Technology-driven Virtual Production." Revista FAMECOS 29, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): e43370. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2022.1.43370.

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The “subversive” technological drive of game engines for virtual film production is gradually being valued by filmmakers. This technical advantage is manifested in the game engine’s (1) real-time rendering of final pixels (speed and image quality), (2) “post-production in advance” and multi-pipeline for project production, (3) open-source code sharing and plug-ins for VFX. Based on the advantages, this article takes the mainstream Unreal Engine (UE) and Unity as the research objects to clarify the application prospects of game engines in four aspects: digital humans with high fidelity, real-time ray tracing in complex scenes, in-camera VFX, and remote collaboration in the post-pandemic era.

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Hwang, Min-Sik, and Hyun-seok Lee. "Real-time Two-way VFX On-line Education System." Cartoon and Animation Studies 56 (September 30, 2019): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2019.56.313.

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Park, Sang-Seok. "Consideration on Acting Environment and Acting Methods in Digital VFX Shooting." Journal of acting studies 32 (November 30, 2023): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26764/jaa.2023.32.2.

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Spelthann, Volker, and Axel Haunschild. "Organizational Creativity in Heterarchies: The Case of VFX Production." Creativity and Innovation Management 20, no. 2 (May 18, 2011): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2011.00598.x.

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Elsaadany, Ahmed. "DOP’s Technical Plan to Produce the VFX Cinematic Image." Journal of Design Sciences and Applied Arts 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 508–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jdsaa.2023.167879.1230.

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Hong, Jinhyuk. ""Industrial Discourse on Changes in Korean Films and VFX Technology in the 2000s"." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 13, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.13.3.67.

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김준수. "A Case Study on VFX Production using a Matchmoving Techniques." Journal of Digital Design 10, no. 1 (January 2010): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17280/jdd.2010.10.1.025.

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Kim, Jong-Hyun, Jaeho Im, and Jung Lee. "Post-Processing Framework for Enhancing Liquid Surfaces in VFX Pipeline." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 91091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3091726.

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Ade Bastian, Dadan Zaliluddin, Dadan Romadhoni, and Yucky Putri Erdiyanti. "IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK MOTION GRAPHIC DAN VFX TERHADAP VIDEO EDUKASI CYBERBULLYING." INFOTECH journal 8, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/infotech.v8i2.2329.

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Perkembangan teknologi di dunia maya dapat diterapkan dalam pembuatan multimedia. Multimedia dapat memberikan informasi dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan menarik perhatian. Multimedia edukasi saat ini terus dikembangkan salah satunya melalui pembuatan video edukasi. Video edukasi merupakan suatu tampilan multimedia yang dirancang untuk menginformasikan pesan dan bertujuan untuk mendidik, memberikan ilmu pengetahuan, serta mengembangkan potensi diri yang ada dalam diri setiap manusia. Cyberbullying sebagai tindakan mengintimidasi menggunakan media atau perangkat elektronik, tindakan perundungan di media sosial adalah tindakan yang disengaja oleh pelaku dengan maksud atau tujuan yang menyebabkan timbulnya kerugian, tindakan yang selalu dilakukan secara konsisten atau berulangulang. Masih banyaknya pihak yang menganggap tindakan cyberbullying merupakan tindakan wajar mendorong produksi video edukasi ini. Mengkombinasikan ilustrasi, foto atau bentuk seni digital lainnya yang divisualisasikan menjadi video motion graphic. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Pipeline Production berupa edukasi penanganan cyberbullying. Video Live action dibantu dengan visual effect untuk menambah dinamis.

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Choi, Stellar, Haeun Jung, Kyoungmin Lee, and Seonggeon Bae. "A Study on Efficient Approach to Topology in Ziva VFX." Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47116/apjcri.2023.11.13.

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Bode, Lisa. "Deepfaking Keanu: YouTube deepfakes, platform visual effects, and the complexity of reception." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 919–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13548565211030454.

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On July 14, 2019, a 3-minute 36-second video titled “Keanu Reeves Stops A ROBBERY!” was released on YouTube visual effects (VFX) channel, Corridor. The video’s click-bait title ensured it was quickly shared by users across platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit. Comments on the video suggest that the vast majority of viewers categorised it as fiction. What seemed less universally recognised, though, was that the performer in the clip was not Keanu Reeves himself. It was voice actor and stuntman Reuben Langdon, and his face was digitally replaced with that of Reeves, through the use of an AI generated deepfake, an open access application, Faceswap, and compositing in Adobe After Effects. This article uses Corridor’s deepfake Keanu video (hereafter shorted to CDFK) as a case study which allows the fleshing out of an, as yet, under-researched area of deepfakes: the role of framing contexts in shaping how viewers evaluate, categorise, make sense of and discuss these images. This research draws on visual effects scholarship, celebrity studies, cognitive film studies, social media theory, digital rhetoric, and discourse analysis. It is intended to serve as a starting point of a larger study that will eventually map types of online manipulated media creation on a continuum from the professional to the vernacular, across different platforms, and attending to their aesthetic, ethical, cultural and reception dimensions. The focus on context (platform, creator channel, and comments) also reveals the emergence of an industrial and aesthetic category of visual effects, which I call here “platform VFX,” a key term that provides us with more nuanced frames for illuminating and analysing a range of manipulated media practices as VFX software becomes ever more accessible and lends itself to more vernacular uses, such as we see with various face swap apps.

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Carvalho, João, Daniela Alves, João Cabral, Ranajit Ghose, José Borges, Ruben Dias, Elsa Ramalho, Bento Caldeira, João Casacão, and Jaime Leote. "Characterization of an Intraplate Seismogenic Zone Using Geophysical and Borehole Data: The Vila Franca de Xira Fault, Portugal." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 4 (May 20, 2020): 2287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190317.

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Abstract The Vila Franca de Xira (VFX) fault is a regional fault zone located about 25 km northeast of Lisbon, affecting Neogene sediments. Recent shear-wave seismic studies show that this complex fault zone is buried beneath Holocene sediments and is deforming the alluvial cover, in agreement with a previous work that proposes the fault as the source of the 1531 Lower Tagus Valley earthquake. In this work, we corroborate these results using S-wave, P-wave, geoelectric, ground-penetrating radar and borehole data, confirming that the sediments deformed by several fault branches are of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene. Accumulated fault vertical offsets of about 3 m are estimated from the integrated interpretation of geophysical and borehole data, including 2D elastic seismic modeling, with an estimated resolution of about 0.5 m. The deformations affecting the Tagus alluvial sediments probably resulted from surface or near-surface rupture of the VFX fault during M∼7 earthquakes, reinforcing the fault as the seismogenic source of regional historical events, as in 1531, and highlighting the need for preparedness for the next event.

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Lee, Aramchan. "A Study on the Characterization of the Daejeon Film Industry: Focusing on Studio Cube and VFX Cluster." Liberal Arts Innovation Center 9 (May 30, 2022): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54698/kl.2022.9.307.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the direction of the Daejeon film industry. In particular, the specialization of the Daejeon film industry is setting a major direction with the convergence of Studio Cube and the VFX (Visual Effects) Cluster. The combination of the revitalization of the existing Studio Cube and the ongoing VFX Cluster is an important factor in the development of the Daejeon film industry. It is necessary to build a film industry convergence content cluster that connects Studio Cube. The film industry, encompassing films, broadcasting, and content, has maintained clusters from an early age. Clusters within a certain area maximize synergy in production and distribution, such as through sharing know-how, sharing equipment, and joint marketing, and also enable the exchange of professional manpower and knowledge. The Daejeon film industry cannot achieve such goals with a production and support system alone. These can be achieved through the active movement of various film culture and the active participation of local governments. Along with the development of the film industry, a policy to spread film culture to the public is necessary.

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Kwon, Dong-Hyun. "Case Study on Animation Education Based on Flipped Learning - With a Focus on VFX Education -." Cartoon and Animation Studies 59 (June 30, 2020): 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2020.59.101.

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Alduán, Iván, Angel Tena, and Miguel A. Otaduy. "DYVERSO: A Versatile Multi-Phase Position-Based Fluids Solution for VFX." Computer Graphics Forum 36, no. 8 (September 6, 2016): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12992.

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Arora, Sudipti, Ankur Rajpal, Tarun Kumar, Renu Bhargava, and A. A. Kazmi. "A comparative study for pathogen removal using different filter media during vermifiltration." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 6 (July 22, 2014): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.318.

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The present study focuses on the effect of filter media (riverbed gravel, mud balls, coal and glass balls) for the removal of pathogens during vermifiltration of domestic wastewater. This novel study was conducted for the first time on different vermifilters (VFs) with different media, and pathogen removal was extensively investigated for a period of 3 months. Results indicated that vermifilter with riverbed material (VFR) showed maximum biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand removal of 76 and 67%, respectively and vermifilter with mud balls (VFM) showed maximum log removal of total coliforms (2.8), fecal coliforms (2.7), fecal streptococci (2.2), Salmonella (2.1) and Escherichia coli (2.1). The area-based bacterial removal rate constant (k) was found in the range of 2.96–6.68 m/d, which is very high in comparison to the reported values. The population of total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi was found to be 2-log (99%) higher in VFR and VFM, as compared to other media. The growth rate of Eisenia fetida was higher (42% increase in biomass) in glass balls vermifilter (VFG), and also the abrasions on the body wall of earthworms in VFG showed fewer injuries. Overall, the results of the study described the importance and role of each filter medium.

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Yoon, Na-Ra. "An Interdisciplinary Study on the Correlation Between FLOPS Performance and VFX CG/CGI Workflow Improvements: FLOPS Improvements in the Early 90s and Examples of CG/CGI VFX." Semiotic Inquiry 70 (April 30, 2022): 123–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24825/si.70.5.

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Miller, P., J. Adachi, B. H. Albergaria, A. M. Cheung, A. Chines, E. Gielen, B. Langdahl, et al. "OP0297 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ROMOSOZUMAB AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPOROSIS AND MILD-TO-MODERATE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 185.2–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4539.

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Background:Osteoporosis and renal insufficiency are coexisting disease states in a substantial proportion of postmenopausal women. Since bisphosphonates are generally contraindicated in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <35 mL/min, it is important to evaluate other osteoporosis treatments in this setting.Objectives:To determine if baseline renal function affects the efficacy and safety of romosozumab.Methods:We performed post hoc analyses of two clinical trials of romosozumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In ARCH (NCT01631214), 4,093 patients were randomised 1:1 to romosozumab 210 mg monthly or alendronate 70 mg weekly for 12 months (mean age: 74.3 years; 96.1% with prevalent vertebral fractures [VFx]). In FRAME (NCT01575834), 7,180 patients were randomised 1:1 to romosozumab 210 mg or placebo monthly for 12 months (mean age: 70.9 years; 18.3% with prevalent VFx). For these analyses, patients were categorised by baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2): normal renal function (eGFR ≥90), mild renal insufficiency (eGFR 60–89), or moderate renal insufficiency (eGFR 30–59). Least squares mean (LSM) percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck; incidence of new VFx and adverse events (AEs); and changes in renal function were assessed for each eGFR category at Month 12 of the double-blind treatment period.Results:At baseline, most patients had mild/moderate renal insufficiency: 84% in ARCH, 88% in FRAME. In both studies, change from baseline in BMD was significantly higher in the romosozumab group across baseline eGFR categories (Figure). There was an interaction between BMD increase and renal function, and although BMD increase was not as large in women with impaired renal function, differences between romosozumab and control groups remained significant (Figure). In ARCH, among patients with eGFR ≥90, 60–89, and 30–59, the incidence of new VFx (romosozumab vs alendronate) at Month 12 was 3.3% vs 7.3%, 3.2% vs 3.9%, and 3.4% vs 6.2% in ARCH. In FRAME, the incidence of new VFx (romosozumab vs placebo) at Month 12 was 0.5% vs 3.0%, 0.4% vs 1.5%, and 0.6% vs 2.1%.In both studies, the incidences of AEs and serious AEs were similar in both treatment groups within and across eGFR categories. AEs of mild-to-moderate hypocalcaemia (investigator reported) occurred in two patients in ARCH (one romosozumab [eGFR 60–89] and one alendronate [eGFR ≥90]), and one patient in FRAME (romosozumab [eGFR 60–89]). Five patients in ARCH (all in the alendronate group) and 19 patients in FRAME (14 romosozumab, 5 placebo) had decreases in serum Ca levels (albumin adjusted); in the romosozumab group all were mild (<LLN–8.0 mg/dL) or moderate (<8.0–7.0 mg/dL). A similar percentage of patients in each group had changes in renal function over 12 months of treatment.Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of romosozumab vs alendronate or placebo was similar among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and different levels of renal function.Acknowledgments:This study was funded by Amgen, Astellas and UCB Pharma. Editorial services were provided by Costello Medical.Disclosure of Interests:Paul Miller Grant/research support from: Amgen, Radius Health, Ultragenyx, Consultant of: Amgen, Radius Health, Jonathan Adachi Consultant of: Amgen, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Ben-Hur Albergaria Consultant of: Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly, Speakers bureau: Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly, Angela M Cheung Consultant of: Amgen, Eli Lilly, Arkadi Chines Shareholder of: Amgen Inc., Employee of: Amgen Inc., Evelien Gielen Consultant of: Amgen Inc., Takeda, Sandoz and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: Amgen Inc., Takeda, Sandoz and UCB Pharma, Bente Langdahl Grant/research support from: Amgen, NovoNordisk, Consultant of: Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma, Akimitsu Miyauchi Consultant of: Amgen Inc., Astellas BioPharma K.K., Teijin Pharma, Mary Oates Shareholder of: Amgen Inc., Employee of: Amgen Inc., Ian Reid Consultant of: Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly, Speakers bureau: Amgen Inc., Eli Lilly, Norma Ruiz Santiago Shareholder of: Amgen Inc., Employee of: Amgen Inc., Mark Vanderkelen Employee of: UCB Pharma, Wenjing Yang Shareholder of: Amgen Inc., Employee of: Amgen Inc., Zhigang Yu Shareholder of: Amgen Inc., Employee of: Amgen Inc.

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Trandafir, Alexandra-Ioana, Mihaela Stanciu, Simona Elena Albu, Vasile Razvan Stoian, Irina Ciofu, Cristian Persu, Claudiu Nistor, and Mara Carsote. "Management of Adrenal Cortical Adenomas: Assessment of Bone Status in Patients with (Non-Functioning) Adrenal Incidentalomas." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134244.

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Our aim is to analyse the bone profile in adults with (non-functioning) adrenal incidentalomas (AIs), specifically addressing the impact of autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). This narrative review, based on a PubMed search from inception to February 2023 (case reports, non-ACS, and other secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded), included 40 original studies, a total of 3046 patients with female prevalence (female:male ratio of 1921:1125), aged between 20.5 and 95.5 years old. This three decade-based analysis showed that 37 studies provided dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) information; another five studies reports results on bone micro-architecture, including trabecular bone score (TBS), spinal deformity index, and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography; 20 cohorts included data on bone turnover markers (BTMs), while four longitudinal studies followed subjects between 1 and 10.5 years old (surgical versus non-adrenalectomy arms). Post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol was inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). TBS predicted incidental vertebral fractures (VFx) regardless of BMD, being associated with post-DST cortisol independently of age and BMD. Low BTMs were identified in ACS, but not all studies agreed. An increased prevalence of ACS-related osteoporosis was confirmed in most studies (highest prevalence of 87.5%), as well as of VFx, including in pre-menopause (42.5%), post-menopause (78.6%), and male patients (72.7%) depending on the study, with a 10-fold increased incidental VFx risk up to a 12-fold increased risk after a 2-year follow-up. No specific medication against osteoporosis is indicated in ACS, but adrenalectomy (according to four studies) should be part of the long-term strategy. This bone profile case sample-based study (to our knowledge, one of the largest of its kind) showed that AIs, including the subgroup designated as having ACS, embraces a large panel of osseous complications. The level of evidence remains far from generous; there are still no homogenous results defining ACS and identifying skeletal involvement, which might be a consequence of different investigation clusters underling adrenal and bone assessments over time. However, bone status evaluations and associated therapy decisions remain an essential element of the management of adults with AIs-ACS.

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이민아. "The possibility of combination of art and VFX in film－Focusing on －." journal of the moving image technology associon of korea 1, no. 20 (June 2014): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34269/mitak.2014.1.20.002.

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Gabriel F. Giralt. "The Interchangeability of VFX and Live Action and Its Implications for Realism." Journal of Film and Video 69, no. 1 (2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jfilmvideo.69.1.0003.

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Mortimer, Jonathan. "How universities can better engage with the animation/VFX sector in Scotland." Animation Practice, Process & Production 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ap3.7.1.157_1.

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Kang, Yun-Geuk. "Study on the Character Geometry Naming Convention of CGI Pipeline for VFX, 3D Animation Industry." Korean Journal of animation 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51467/asko.2018.03.14.1.7.

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Kwon, Dong-Hyun. "A study of Flipped Learning VFX production class using learning assistant videos and 3-step goal." Cartoon and Animation Studies 73 (December 31, 2023): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7230/koscas.2023.73.221.

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Hasche, Eberhard, Oliver Karaschewski, and Reiner Creutzburg. "Using ACES Look Modification Transforms (LMTs) in VFX Environments – Part 2: Gamut Mapping." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 108–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.3.mobmu-108.

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In modern moving image production pipelines, it is unavoidable to move the footage through different color spaces. Unfortunately, these color spaces exhibit color gamuts of various sizes. The most common problem is converting the cameras’ widegamut color spaces to the smaller gamuts of the display devices (cinema projector, broadcast monitor, computer display). So it is necessary to scale down the scene-referred footage to the gamut of the display using tone mapping functions [34].In a cinema production pipeline, ACES is widely used as the predominant color system. The all-color compassing ACES AP0 primaries are defined inside the system in a general way. However, when implementing visual effects and performing a color grade, the more usable ACES AP1 primaries are in use. When recording highly saturated bright colors, color values are often outside the target color space. This results in negative color values, which are hard to address inside a color pipeline. "Users of ACES are experiencing problems with clipping of colors and the resulting artifacts (loss of texture, intensification of color fringes). This clipping occurs at two stages in the pipeline: <list list-type="simple"> <list-item>- Conversion from camera raw RGB or from the manufacturer’s encoding space into ACES AP0</list-item> <list-item>- Conversion from ACES AP0 into the working color space ACES AP1" [1]</list-item> </list>The ACES community established a Gamut Mapping Virtual Working Group (VWG) to address these problems. The group’s scope is to propose a suitable gamut mapping/compression algorithm. This algorithm should perform well with wide-gamut, high dynamic range, scene-referred content. Furthermore, it should also be robust and invertible. This paper tests the behavior of the published GamutCompressor when applied to in- and out-ofgamut imagery and provides suggestions for application implementation. The tests are executed in The Foundry’s Nuke [2].

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vfx'

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