Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'VHB [Virus de l'hépatite B]'
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Thermet, Séverine. "Étude moléculaire et biologique de variants du VHB." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10139.
Full textGheit, Tarik. "Mise en place d'un nouveau modèle primate pour l'étude du VHB." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10050.
Full textMrani, Saad. "Caractérisation moléculaire des infections à VHB occultes au cours des hépatites C chroniques." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10064.
Full textOccult Hepatitis B infection (HBV), defined by HBV DNA positivity in absence of HBsAg in the serum was found in 30% of hepatitis of unknown aetiology and frequently among HCV chronic carriers. In order to better understand how HBV escape to diagnosis tests and determine the consequences of this co-infection on HCV chronic infection, we analyzed by ultra sensitive molecular tests developed in the lab, serum samples from 203 HCV chronic carriers before any antiviral treatment. The results from this first study showed that occult HBV infection frequency could reach 20% in France and that occult HBV infection may worsen the course of HCV infection being associated to a bad response to antiviral therapy and aggravation of liver disease. In order to perform the molecular characterization of hepatitis B viruses in cases of occult HBV infections, the whole HBV genome was amplified by a new technique developed in the lab, named Rolling Cycle Amplification (RCA), cloned and sequenced in a HCV transplanted case. The analysis of the cloned sequences did not show the presence of any of the known mutations in the viral genome that may explain HBsAg negativity. Our results suggest, on one hand, the implication of other factors in the suppression of the HBV replication and altered expression of HBV, on the other hand, the importance of extra hepatic sites of HBV replication during occult HBV infections, since it was able to persist after liver transplantation. Our work emphasise the need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the case of occult HBV infections especially during co-infection with HCV
Baginski, Isabelle. "Apport de l'amplification moléculaire à l'étude de la biologie du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22060.
Full textPatient, Romuald. "Obtention de particules sous-virales d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3108.
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Peltekian, Cécile. "Activité antivirale de la protéine MxA contre le virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077139.
Full textCova, Lucyna. "Le virus de l'hépatite B du canard (DHBV) comme modèle pour l'étude de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B humaine (VHB) et de son rôle dans l'oncogenèse hépatique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10001.
Full textDessolin, Jean. "Synthèse et évaluation des propriétés antivirales (VIH et VHB) de conjugués polyazamacrocycle-nucléoside et bis-polyazamacrocycle-nucléoside." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22105.
Full textKhamduang, Woottichai. "Analyse des mutants du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) chez des patients co-infectés par le VIH et le VHB en Thaïlande." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR3317/document.
Full textThailand is an endemic area for chronic HBV infection. Despite implementation of HBV vaccination, perinatal HBV transmission remains a major cause of chronic infection. This study aimed at identifying HBV mutants that may be associated with vaccine failure, misdiagnosis of chronic HBV infection and antiviral treatment failure. The dissertation is divided in three parts. In the first part, we analyzed the prevalence of perinatal HBV transmission in a large HIV prevention cohort in Thailand and characterized the HBV vaccine escape mutants. Among 3,349 HIV-infected pregnant women, 7% were found HBsAg positive. Eleven children born to HBsAg-positive mother were found HBsAg-positive at 2–18 months of age. Complete series of samples were available for 9 mother-child pairs. Based on direct sequencing and cloning analysis, 3 patterns of transmission were observed : i) transmission of wild-type variants from mothers with high HBV DNA level, ii) transmission of maternal minor variant and iii) transmission of variants already present in maternal blood samples. The capacity of HBV variants to escape from anti-HBs neutralization in vitro will be further studied using HBV-pseudoviral particles harboring the characterized mutations
Michel, Marie. "Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie vaccinale bivalente anti-VIH-1 et anti-VHB dans les plantes transgéniques." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D008.
Full textA fusion protein formed by an HIV-1 polyepitope restricted to the HLA*A2. 01 allele combined to HBV HBsAg has been optimized to obtain virus like particles (VLP) production in vitro and in vivo. An expression plasmid of the fusion protein has been used for DNA vaccination of humanized transgenic mice. This immunization induced gamma interferon-producing CD8+ T cells and anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as anti-VHB antibody production. The new developments in plant biotechnology allowed the production in plant of vaccines against HBV that can be administrated by ingestion. In order to experiment this strategy for HIV-1, the fusion protein gene has been inserted into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. We were able to show the stable expression of VLP in these plants. Finally, the analysis of the first generation of tobacco-plants obtained by sexual reproduction showed the conservation of the fusion protein gene as well as the VLP production
Loirat, Delphine. "Rupture de la tolérance à l'antigène de surface du virus de l'hépatite B par l'immunisation génétique : modèle d'étude pour l'immunothérapie des hépatites B chroniques." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077215.
Full textBayard, Florence. "Etude des réponses cellulaires T spécifiques de la protéine hepatitis B spliced-generated protein (HBSP) du virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et caractérisation de nouveaux épitopes du VHB." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077089.
Full textChronic HBV infection remains a Worldwide health problem, as 400 million people are chronic HBV-carriers. Detection of antibodies against the recently identified "Hepatitis B spliced-generated protein" (HBSP) in 30% of HBV chronic carriers has been related to the severity of fîbrosis. This suggests a possible role of HBSP-specific T cell immune response in fibrogenesis. We first studied the HBSP-specific T cell immune response in HLA-A2 and HLArB7:transgenic mice immunized with HBSP-encoding vectors. Several epitopes activated CD8 T cell responses in immunized mice. Then, we showed that these epitopes were efficiently processed and recognized by T cells from HBV chronic carriers. We are currently investigating the possible link of these immune responses with severe fibrosis and/or viral replication by exploring the HBSP-specific T cell immune response/in patients with different clinical settings. In a second part, we studied the helper potential of two HLA-DRl-restricted epitopes derived from HBV. Invariant chain of our vectors allowed efficient transport and processing of HLA-DR1 epitopes. These epitopes efficiently helped to develop a polyfunctional CD8 T cell response specific for HBV envelope. Ail the epitopes described here are strong activators of CD8 and/or CD4 T cell immune responses. They could be included in polyepitopic DNA vaccine constructs to increase the cellular responses primed by such vaccines. Moreover, if HBSP-specific T cell responses are correlated with outcome of disease, it could have a great clinical impact, for example to develop a diagnostic tool for fibrosis progression
Mohamed, Sofiane. "Recherche de mutations induisant des résistances aux antiviraux chez des patients atteints du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1, du virus de l'hépatite B et de l'hépatite C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5000/document.
Full textMolecular biology based assays are invaluable tools for the patients follow-up. They can help to establish the prognosis, guide for the treatment decisions and assess the virological response to therapy. Highly variable viruses like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which have a quasispecies distribution. Selection pressure on viral replicative environment such as an antiviral drug treatment, generally lead to a redistribution of the viral quasispecies with an increasing of the best adapted viral mutant. Our work allowed in this context to validate the clinical impact of majority but also minority mutations through the implementation of several sequencing techniques (pyrosequencing, high-throughput sequencing and allele-specific PCR). We also validated the use of a simple, reliable and routinely software solution by clinician for clinical interpretation of the mass of data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Finally, in the context of the diagnostic testing, we clinically validated in a cohort of patients infected with HBV, use the Dried Blood Spot technique as a supporting noninvasive diagnostic alternative sampling, especially for populations that have no access to conventional health structures and developing countries
Bouezzedine, Fidaa. "Analyse de l'entrée du virus de l'hépatite B : Etude du processus de fusion et de l'effet de l'interleukine 6." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B003/document.
Full textHepatitis B is a severe and extremely contagious infectious disease. Despite an effective vaccine more than 240 million people are suffering from chronic infection and over 780 000 persons die each year from the consequences of acute and chronic hepatitis B. Current treatments consisting in the use of interferon and/or viral replication inhibitors are insufficient. New therapeutics targeting viral entry are in progress, such as Myrcludex B that has been shown to inhibit HBV infection by preventing HBV entry. However, the mechanism of HBV entry into hepatocytes is still poorly understood. Recently, the identification of NTCP as a specific HBV receptor allowed us to better understand the attachment of this virus. This receptor is now a target for antiviral molecules. It is also a carrier for bile salts known to be strongly regulated by pro inflammatory cytokines. The aims of our thesis were: (i) to study HBV entry by establishing an artificial model of fusion between purified viral particles and liposomes, and (ii) to study the interleukin 6 effect on viral entry. Our results with fusion assays suggest an absence of fusion in the entry process of this virus. However, fusion could require peculiar conditions related to HBV specificities. Our results also demonstrated that interleukin 6 inhibits virus entry by down-regulating NTCP expression
Kostrzak, Anna. "Les pseudo-particules virales du VHB, produites chez les plantes, comme vecteur d'un polyépitope du VIH-1 pour un vaccin oral bivalent contre le sida et l'hépatite B." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0042.
Full textCurrently one of the most important worldwide demands is to find a more efficacious, cost-effective and reliable method of mass immunization for hepatitis B and many other fatal diseases afflicting underdeveloped regions of the globe. Plants plants could potentially symplify, and thus lower, the cost of immunization and by obviating the need for needles and specialized medical staff. We obtained the transgenic tobacco plants expressing small hepatitis B antigen (SHBsAg). The production and structure of SHBsAg was measured by anti-SHBsAg ELISA, western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Transformants showing high SHBsAg expression were lyophilized and the immunogenicity of dried leaves containing SHBsAg was evaluated by measuring cellular and humoral responses. For the cellular response, we measured the activation of CD8 T cells and the presence of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. The humoral response was evaluated by ELISA tests, measuring anti-SHBsAg IgGs in serum and anti-SHBsAg IgAs in faeces and serum. Non-transgenic tobacco plants and plants producing SHBsAg were used for genetic transformation with three different constructs containing an HIV polyepitope-SHBsAg fusion protein. These results brings new knowledge in the use of the Hepatitis B virus-like particles as carrier of an HIV-1 polyepitope in palnts, second genetic plant transformation and plant oral immunization
Delpuech, Eve-Oona. "Implication des virus des hépatites B et C dans l'immuno-pathogenèse et la carcinogenèse hépatique : étude in vitro de l'effet du virus de l'hépatite C sur la production d'une cytokine immunomodulatrice, l'interleukine-10 : analyse du profil d'expression génique sur macroarray de carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés aux virus des hépatites B et C." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066100.
Full textKania, Dramane. "Développement d’outils et de stratégies pour le diagnostic et le suivi biologique des infections VIH, VHB et VHC dans les pays à ressources limitées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T017/document.
Full textDiagnosis and management of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections are a real challenge in middle and low-income countries. There is an urgent need for simple, reliable and inexpensive tools to control these infections in high prevalence sittings like Africa and Asia. The challenge is immense in clinical and public health policy hands. The main goal of this research work performed for our PhD is the development and validation of strategies and tools to diagnose and monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in resource-constrained countries. At a first step, we investigated the results of HIV discordant results, since it is important to establish the real HIV status of people tested with clear results for appropriate decision-making in biological and clinical practice. This work show that discordant results obtained in the algorithm of HIV screening among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, are false positive results in 94% of cases due to the Determine™ HIV-1/2 immunochromatographic test and false negative results in 4% of cases due to the Genie II ™ HIV-1 / HIV-2 test. In public health practice, women with this type of result can be considered as negative for HIV testing in centers where additional investigations are not possible, especially in countries like Burkina Faso with a low incidence and a low genetic diversity of HIV.In a second step, we focused our work on the feasibility of a screening strategy that detects HIV, HBV and HCV infections into a single card of DBS. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that DBS collected in parallel to HIV rapid testing in a voluntary counseling and testing center allows HIV confirmation using immunoblotting, and an additional testing by diagnosing HBV and HCV using ELISA followed by immunoblotting and PCR for HCV confirmation. This strategy can serve as a model to promote and scale-up the screening of HBV and HCV in resource-limited countries. DBS can be served as control and confirmation of HIV, HBV and HCV diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of two 4th generation chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay, Roche Diagnostics and Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test, DiaSorin) tested on filter paper samples in comparison to rapid diagnostic test and fresh serum samples from patients with acute HIV infection. These studies have clearly shown that the two 4th generation tests performed on filter paper offer good performance in terms of sensitivity for the diagnosis of HIV infection in its early phases compared with rapid diagnostic tests. This approach may be used in combination with HIV rapid tests in hard-to-reach individuals and populations living in remote areas of when an early HIV infection is suspected since rapid tests do not offer appropriate performance in this case.Finally, we developed a real-time PCR for HBV DNA detection and quantification. In this study, we evaluated two in-house PCR targeting two different regions of HBV genome (X gene for qPCR 1 and S gene for qPCR 2) in comparison with a commercial Roche HBV DNA test (Cobas AmpliPrep / Cobas TaqMan HBV Test, version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics) as a gold standard. The qPCR 2 with a low detection limit of 91 IU/ml (vs 104 IU/ml for 1 qPCR) showed a better performance in HBV DNA quantification. This inexpensive qPCR with best performance characteristics is producing by a start-up called OMUNIS. This kit will be evaluated in France, in Africa and in South and East Asia in a research study funded by ANRS (France REcherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites)
Ahodantin, James. "Protéine HBx du virus de l'hépatite B : impacts sur la polyploïdisation hépatique au cours du développement et de la maladie du foie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066373/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how HBx promotes genetic instability or DNA damage during liver proliferation remains unclear. For that, we used mice transgenic for the full-length HBx (FL-HBx) to investigated the impact of HBx expression on polyploidization during normal liver proliferation and in liver diseases (fibrosis : carbon tetrachloride and HCC : diethyl nitrosamine, treatments). During postnatal liver development as well as in liver diseases, FL-HBx inhibits liver binucleation and triggers early production of polyploid nuclei (≥ 4n). These features were associated with aberrant G1/S and G2/M transitions and the propagation of DNA damage. Furthermore, hepatitis B virus infection, in liver humanized mouse model, shows similar deregulation of hepatocytes polyploidization. In FL-HBx animals, HCC initiation was associated with impairment of ChK1 activation and Mre11 and Rad51 expression (DNA repair proteins), inhibited apoptosis and upregulated IL-6 transcription while in fibrosis, increased expression of α-sma, PdgfR-β, TGF-β, TNF-α as well as a defect in glutamine synthetase expression were observed. In addition, treated FL-HBx animals displayed marked alterations to the cell cycle associated with stronger expression of HCC progenitor cell markers (Ly6D, GpC3, AFP). Finally, we showed that FL-HBx protein induces pathological polyploidization of hepatocytes by upregulating PLK1 through p38/ERK Mapks pathways. That promotes a loss of genomic integrity and an increase of hepatocytes expressing tumor progenitor cell markers during liver fibrosis and HCC initiation
Lucifora, Julie. "Etude de la réplication du VHB et de la réponse à l'intracellulaire à l'infection virale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342583.
Full textOsseman, Quentin. "Analyse du transport intracytoplasmique de la capside du virus de l’hépatite B : analyse des interactions entre les capsides du VHB et les chaînes du complexe de la dynéine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0304/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) needs the nuclear transcription machinery for replication. The virus thus depends on the transport of its genome from the cell periphery to the nuclear envelope. In general this retrograde intracytoplasmic trafficking is facilitated along Mt (MT) using motor protein complexes of the dynein family. As we showed earlier HBV capsid transport also depends upon intact MT in order to allow their arrival at the nuclear pores, which in turn is required for genome liberation from the capsid.In the analysis we used virus-derived HBV capsids obtained from the supernatant of HepG2.2.15, which contain the mature partially double-stranded DNA genome (mature capsids) and capsids expressed in E. coli. The latter were applied in two forms: as unspecific E. coli RNA- containing capsids and as empty capsids. Upon microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes we observed that mature and empty capsids were translocated to the nuclear pores with a similar kinetic. RNA-containing capsids failed to arrive at the pores implying that transport of the two other capsid types was active. Active translocation was confirmed by pre-injecting anti tubulin antibodies which interfere with MT-mediated translocation.In vitro reconstitution assays confirmed the specific attachment of mature and empty capsids to MTs and showed the need of further cytosolic proteins. Using pull-down and co-sedimentation experiments we identified one dynein light chain (DYNLL1, member of the Lc8 family) as interaction partner of the capsids. Injecting an excess of recombinant DYNLL1 with empty capsids into Xenopus laevis oocytes inhibited capsid transport to the nuclear pores indicating that DYNLL1 was only functional interaction partner implied in active transport.DNYLL2 did not interact with the capsids although differing from DYNLL1 by just six amino acids. Site directed mutagenesis of DYNLL1 revealed that two amino acids were critical for a direct interaction with the capsids. Both localized at the exterior of the DYNLL1 dimer and not in the groove of DYNLL1, which interacts with the dynein intermediate chain. Accordingly we could reconstitute a complex consisting of empty capsids, DYNLL1 and dynein intermediate chain as it should be in the in vivo situation
Roingeard, Philippe. "Etude immunocytochimique et ultrastructurale des cellules hépatocytaires infectées par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) à partir de deux modèles : lignées continues d'hépatocarcinomes humains ; lignée d'hépatoblastome transfectée avec le génome viral." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3802.
Full textPolesel-Laperche, Syria. "Contribution à la sécurité transfusionnelle par une veille épidémiologique de la diversité et de l'émergence virales." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066052.
Full textBillioud, Gaëtan. "Étude des performances de variants du virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10077.
Full textCurrent therapies against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) combine one or more nucleoside analogues that directly inhibit viral replication by blocking reverse transcription step. These treatments are very effective, however, faced with the emergence of viruses resistant to these treatments. These resistances are the result of the emergence and selection of mutants with mutations can be complex in both the polymerase gene (pol) and the viral envelope. The main objectives of this PhD was to study the sensitivity of resistant HBV variants vis-à-vis similar nucleos(t)ides and new compounds non-nucleos(t)idic acting against the nucleocapsid, but also compare the performance of different viral mutants to understand the process of selection of mutants that occurs in patients under therapeutic pressure. These studies have characterized the sensitivity of some resistance mutations to nucleoside analogues, to highlight the importance of the envelope changes due to resistance mutations in the process of emergence and selection of variants in the quasispecies virus and to identify new effective antiviral drugs may allow, in combination with nucleoside analogues, to greatly reduce the phenomenon of HBV resistance. Better understanding the phenomenon of resistance, the processes of emergence, selection and transmission of HBV mutants to develop the best clinical strategies of combination therapy can significantly reduce the number of people affected by this virus
Mouzannar, Karim. "Identification du récepteur nucléaire des acides biliaires FXR alpha comme facteur proviral pour le virus de l’hépatite B." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1098/document.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with more than 257 million chronic carriers worldwide that remain at significant risk for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The natural history of infection is very different depending on the age at which the infection is contracted. Whereas in adults most HBV infections spontaneously resolve, in infants and young children they usually result in chronic infection. cccDNA is the molecular form of viral persistence in infected hepatocytes and serves as a transcription template for all viral RNAs. The viral protein HBx plays a crucial role in the recruitment of epigenetic factors to the cccDNA and promotes its transcriptional activity. Currently, interferon and nucleot(s)ide analogues are the first-line agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B without allowing eradication of cccDNA and their interruption are almost always followed by a reactivation of the replication of the virus. New therapeutic molecules targeting cccDNA are therefore needed to hope for a functional cure in chronically infected patients. HBV infection and bile acid (BA) metabolism are tightly linked. Therefore, our team has previously shown that the bile acid nuclear receptor, the farnesoid X receptor alpha (FXRalpha) bind to two response elements present in the Enhancer II - Core promoter region of HBV genome and modulate its transcriptional activity. Moreover, HBV and BA compete for the same entry receptor of hepatocytes NTCP and modify BA cell concentration with consequences on the function and expression of FXRalpha. Finally, HBx interacts with FXRalpha and modify its activity. During my PhD. we have first identified a reciprocal regulation between HBV replication and FXRalpha. Second, we have showed in vitro, in HepaRG differentiated cells and in primary human hepatocytes, that FXRalpha is a proviral factor for HBV and that FXRalpha agonists inhibit the expression of all HBV markers in a dependent or independent manner of the viral protein HBx. Finally, in an in vivo model of C3H/HeN mice transduced with a recombinant AAV2/8-HBV vector, we obtained the inhibitory effect of FXRalpha agonists but only in adult and not in young mice. Considering the evolution of the gut flora with age and its importance in the metabolism of BA, these results suggest that the high rate of chronic progression in young children might be related to the immaturity of BA metabolism. The identification of a link between BA metabolism, gut microbiome composition and evolution of HBV infection will represent a big step toward the understanding of HBV natural history. Moreover, the identification of FXRalpha as a proviral factor for HBV and the capacity of FXRalpha ligands to modulate the transcriptional activity of cccDNA suggest that FXR ligands might represent a new class of molecules with the aim to obtain functional cure for HBV infected patients
El, Idrissi Lalla Manale. "Déprotection et raccourcissement télomériques dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10218.
Full textAmong the numerous genetic defects that underly with hepatocarcinogenesis, telomere abnormalities seem to play a role both in tumor promotion and maintenance. Telomeres, the chromosome extremities, are protected by specific proteins, the Shelterin complex and by additional factors. Besides telomerase dysregulation, changes in the expression of these telomere factors have been observed in cancers. Herewe first tested the hypothesis that such dysregulations might occur in HCC with patterns depending onthe cause of HCC. For HBV-, HCV- and alcool-dependant HCC we found that telomeric dysregulations appear to be carcinogen-specific and occur early during the course of the disease and are persistent in the tumor. At the late stage of HBV-dependent disease and corresponding tumors, hepatocytes produce 3’ deleted mutants of HBx (3’DM HBx) but also a rearranged form of the PreS/S gene: PreS2. We then found that, unlike WT HBx, 3’ DM HBx repress hTERT transcription, decrease telomerase activity, shorten telomere length, increase anaphase bridges and trigger senescence in transfected primary cells. It’s well known that hTERT it re-expressed in tumors, so we tested PreS2 and 3’DM HBx transfection. We show that PreS2 counteracts 3’DM HBx effect on hTERT transcription and telomerase activity. However surprisingly PreS2 wasn’t able to elongate telomeres in 3’DM HBx expressing cells. Telomeric factors interact with telomerase allowing telomere elongation. Moreover many of these factors are implicated in DNA damage repair systems. We found that all Shelterin’s and some other telomeric factors’s expression in dyregulated in 3’DM HBx expressing cells. Moreover we show that neocarcinostatin dependent DNA damage in MRC5 primary cell prevent hTERT-based telomere elongation. Also finding that PreS2 and 3’DM induce DNA damage, we suggest that 3’DM HBx prevents PreS2 and hTERT- based telomere elongation
Domenach, Icard Vinca. "Association des glycoprotéines du Virus de l'Hépatite C et des apoB lipoprotéines : Vers un modèle de biosynthèse des lipo-viro-particules." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSL0539.
Full textThe density of circulating hepatitis C virus particles in the blood of chronically infected patients is very heterogeneous. The very low density of some particles is linked to an association of the virus with apolipoprotein B (apoB) positive and triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL), resulting in hybrid lipoproteins known as lipo-viro-particles (LVP) containing the viral envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, capsid and viral RNA. The specific infectivity of these particles has been shown to be higher than the infectivity of particles of higher density. The role of apolipoproteins in the synthesis and assembly of the viral particles is unknown? The intestinal Caco-2 cell line diferentiates in vitro into enterocyte in special conditions o culture. After one week of differentiation, Caco-2 cells stably expressing E1 and E2 secreted E1 and E2 concomitantly with TRL secretion. Secreted E1 and E2 were only detected in apoB containing density fractions. ApoB could be co-immunoprecipitated with E2-specific antibodies. ApoB and E2 association on TRL surface is also confirmed by immuno-gold labeling by using electron microscopy. E1 and E2 secretion was reduced by inhibiting the secretion of TRL. E1 and E2 were similary secreted in association with TRL from the human liver cell line HepG2 but not by Huh-7 and Huh-7. 5 hepatoma cells that proved deficient for lipoprotein assembly. E1 and E2 have thus the intrinsic capacity to utilize apoB synthesis and lipoprotein assembly machinery. A model for LVP assembly is proposed. The particles secreted by Caco-2 cells are able to fuse with liposomes in a dose and pH dependent way, whereas the particles secreted by Huh-7. 5 cells are not
Deroubaix, Aurélie. "Etude de la localisation intracellulaire de la protéine core du virus de l’hépatite B humaine et de ses multimères." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21907/document.
Full textHepatitis B is a liver inflammation caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is responsible of one to two millions deaths per year in the world. HBV is the cause of important liver damages and may lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HBV is a member of hepadnaviral family. It has a capsid composed of 240 copies of the same protein: the core protein. In literature, patients’ biopsies showed that capsid is found either in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm or both compartments of hepatocytes. In general, a cytoplasmic localization is related to an advanced state of the disease.In our study, we observed that in HuH-7 cells, core protein alone has a nuclear localization, whereas in viral context it is essentially found in the cytoplasm. We verified that these observations were not due to culture conditions. Then, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic localization of core was due to viral factors. The viral polymerase is implied by its TP domain. The second component is the viral pregenomic RNA, by its Epsilon stem loop structure. At last, core localization is also influenced by the phosphorylation state of its serines 157, 170 and 172.Thus, we demonstrated that the core protein traffic is very complex and regulated by different viral and cellular factors. This work will further study the regulation of intracellular trafficking of the core protein and allow a better outcome for the infected patients
Saindou, Maoulide. "Prévalence et déterminants des infections sexuellement transmissibles chez les femmes enceintes de Mayotte : étude épidémiologique concernant le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine, le virus de l’hépatite B et du Treponema pallidum." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10043/document.
Full textThe epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is poorly documented in Mayotte especially among pregnant women (PW) and knowledge of determinants that increased STI in the island, and in this particular socio-economic and health situation, is needed. The objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency and risk factors associated with HIV, HBV, and syphilis, to study the HBV vaccination and describe the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 PW followed in Mayotte public prenatal clinic (Protection Maternelle et Infantile (PMI)) services. No case of HIV seropositivity was observed. The prevalence of HBsAg of HBV was 3.4% and of active syphilis was 2.1%, but the prevalence of HBV infection and HBV vaccination was respectively 35.5% and 18.6%. The HBV infection was associated with birthplace (Comoros), behavioral factors and history of STIs. Syphilis was rather associated with lack of education and history of STIs. The HBV vaccination was associated with sociodemographic determinants. The socio-behavioral study showed that there is a good knowledge of HIV/AIDS-STIs in PW despite the practice of some risky sexual behaviors. This work has helped to draw up an update of HIV and STIs, and their determinants among PW in Mayotte, and could lead to the development of prevention methods adapted to this context
Gallucci, Lara. "Interactions of HBV capsid involved in nuclear transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0130/document.
Full textThe Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus containing a partially double stranded DNA genome (rcDNA). HBV causes acute and chronic infections. HBV is not cytotoxic but chronic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replicates via an RNA intermediate, which is transcribed from a covalently closed circular form of the viral DNA (cccDNA). This pregenomic RNA is specifically encapsidated into the capsid by interaction with the viral polymerase, which also interacts with the core protein (Cp), forming the capsid. The polymerase retrotranscribes the pregenomic RNA into single stranded DNA and subsequently partially double stranded DNA resulting in mature capsids (MatC). Cp is an 185 aa long polypeptide comprising a N-terminal assembly domain, and a flexible C-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD includes two overlapping nuclear localization signals (NLS) of eight aa and an Importin ß Binding Domain (IBB) of 34 aa. The CTD is fixed in the interior of the capsid by interacting with single stranded nucleic acids but translocates to the exterior in MatC and empty capsids (EmpC). Cp is over expressed leading to assembly of EmpC. The virus has to deliver its genome into the nucleus of infected cells for replication. Nuclear transport is mediated by the capsid that interacts with nuclear import receptors. The group has recently shown that MatC need either both, importin (Imp.) and importin ß (Imp.ß), or Imp.ß alone for transport of the capsids into the nuclear basket. In this structure where genome liberation likely occurs, the transport of the capsid is arrested by interaction between the capsid and the nucleoporin Nup153. In the thesis we demonstrate that MatC binds to Imp.α but not Imp.ß, suggesting that only the part of the CTD, which contains the NLSs is exposed on capsids’ surface. In collaboration with the Adam Zlotnick (Indiana University, U.S.A.) we showed that EmpC, in contrast, bind Imp.β directly without Imp.α acting as an adaptor. This interaction, which is stronger than the one of Imp. occurs needs IBB exposure, meaning that the entire CTD becomes externalized. Furthermore, exposure to very high Imp.ß concentration led to EmpC destabilization. The genome release within the nuclear basket implies that Nup153 is involved in genome liberation from MatC. To verify this hypothesis we used MatC with a radioactively labeled genome, which were exposed to the capsid binding-Nup153 fragment. Investigating the accessibility of the genome to nucleases we found that the Nup153 fragment had no impact on capsids stability, suggesting the need of cellular factors driving disassembly. This conclusion is in agreement with our observation that MatC added to isolated nuclei resulted in nuclear capsid entry, which requires disassembly. To further study the disassembly step and the consequent release of the viral genome, we developed a system to directly visualize the viral genome allowing investigations of genome uncoating in real time. The system is based on the cooperative binding of a fluorescent fusion protein between the bacterial protein OR with GFP to a double stranded DNA sequence called Anch. Using this model we showed that infection of OR-GFP-expressing hepatoma cells with HBV containing a modified Anch genome allowed monitoring genome release into the nucleus. In future, this system may help identifying factors involved in genome release and repair and to decipher their molecular interactions
Marotel, Marie. "Défauts fonctionnels des cellules NK en contexte de stimulation chronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1234/document.
Full textNK cells are innate lymphocytes which play a crucial role in the early control of viral infection and in tumor immunosurveillance. However, a state of tolerance, where NK cells are poorly functional, occurs in the context of chronic stimulation. The mechanisms leading to this process remain poorly understood and whether this is a cause, or a consequence of chronicity is unknown. Targeting NK cells appears to be a potent therapeutic strategy but requires further investigation. With the lack of clarity in the field this work had three main objectives. First, we engineered a tumoral mouse model that was strongly immunogenic for NK cells and thus allowed us to study the anti-tumoral response of NK cells and to trigger chronic stimulation. Then, we used this model to investigate the mechanisms driving NK cell loss of function and to test potential therapeutic strategies to reverse this state. Finally, in the context of human chronic infection we analyzed samples from HBV infected patients in order to determine the phenotype, function and signaling capacity of NK cells to identify the drivers of NK cell dysfunction
Ortiz-Cuàran, Sandra. "Interactions between tumour suppressor p53 and HBV antigen HBx in liver carcinogenesis : molecular epidemiology and mechanistic studies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10067.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of primary liver cancer. HCC presents geographical variations in incidence that reflect variations in the prevalence of chronic infections by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and / or C (HCV) and dietary exposure to aflatoxins. In areas of high incidence, a specific mutation at codon 249 of TP53 gene is frequently detected in HCC and has been proposed as a molecular hallmark of aflatoxin exposure. The corresponding mutated protein p.R249S, interacts with the viral oncogene HBx, which modulates viral replication, proliferation and cell survival. HBX sequences are detectable in the genomic DNA of more than 80% of HBVrelated HCC. We investigated the associations of mutation R249S with the molecular characteristics of HBX and progression of HCC using specimens obtained in two case-control studies developed in Thailand and in The Gambia. Our results demonstrate (1) that the mutation R249S is preferentially associated with HCC that develop in the absence of pre-existing liver cirrhosis, (2) that the mutation is associated with the presence of polymorphisms in intron 1 of TP53, suggesting influence of genetic susceptibility factors on the formation of mutations, (3) that the mutation is usually associated with the retention of cancers with complete HBX sequences. These results suggest that the mutated protein p.R249S cooperates with HBx to promote the development of HCC without cirrhosis, and that susceptibility to the formation of this mutation is influenced by the polymorphic structure of TP53
Kabinda, Maotela Jeff. "Problématique du risque résiduel transfusionnel du VIH et des hépatites B et C en République Démocratique du Congo: un problème de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209042.
Full textLa transfusion sanguine est un acte médical, qui a pour but d’apporter au malade du sang ou ses dérivés. Elle est le résultat d’une chaîne d’activités complexes au cours de laquelle interviennent différentes catégories de personnel médical et paramédical, par conséquent elle ne peut pas être considérée comme un acte anodin. Elle reste entachée de beaucoup de risques, qui peuvent être, de type infectieux, immunologiques, hémodynamiques et métaboliques.
Afin de lutter contre ces risques, la sécurité transfusionnelle (l’ensemble des mesures visant à éliminer les risques immunologiques et infectieux liés à la transfusion des produits sanguins a été définie par l’OMS qui de surcroit en a précisé les 3 composantes principales qui sont: a) la disponibilité du sang. b) l’innocuité du sang. c) l’utilisation judicieuse de produits sanguins labiles.
Notre travail s’est focalisé sur l’un de ces aspects à savoir l’innocuité du sang. En effet, tandis que les pays du Nord sont à la recherche des virus émergents et commencent à déclarer que les risques viraux sont de plus en plus maîtrisés, l’Afrique se trouve encore dans la phase d’implantation de politiques et stratégies de sécurité transfusionnelle sous l’impulsion de l’OMS .L’incidence des risques viraux globalement supérieures à celle des pays du Nord est différente d’un pays à un autre.
Le risque résiduel (qui est un risque qui subsiste après la réponse au risque ou après l'application de mesures d'atténuation du risque) viral transfusionnel peut être attribué à quatre facteurs :a) l’erreur technique la plupart du temps humaine ;b) un variant viral non reconnu par certains réactifs ;c) un don infectieux séronégatif chez un porteur chronique ;d) ou un don réalisé chez un sujet très récemment infecté (« fenêtre silencieuse »).
Hypothèses :
Les hypothèses émises pour ce travail étaient :
- La connaissance, les attitudes et les pratiques de la population générale, des donneurs de sang et des prestataires de soins ne sont pas adéquates vis-à-vis de la sécurité transfusionnelle.
- La sécurité transfusionnelle en RDC n’est pas suffisante associée à un taux élevé des dons familiaux, une prévalence élevée des marqueurs viraux, le risque résiduel de virus de VIH, VHB et VHC devrait être considérable.
Objectif :
Contribuer à l’amélioration de la transfusion sanguine en RD Congo en apportant des informations évidentes et actualisées, susceptibles de contribuer à la réduction de la morbidité liée aux maladies transmissibles par le sang.
Méthodologie
Ce travail regroupe huit études. Une première étude retrace l’historique de l’implantation des services de transfusion sanguine et les différents résultats obtenus. Les 3 études suivantes évaluent la connaissance, l’attitude et la pratique des différents intervenants (la population générale, les donneurs de sang et les prestataires de soins) de la chaine de la transfusion sanguine. Deux études se focalisent sur la séroprévalence des hépatites et l’estimation du risque résiduel des hépatites B, C et du VIH. Les deux dernières études ont porté sur les séroprévalences des hépatites B, C et du VIH chez les receveurs (femmes enceintes et enfants de 6-59 mois).
La première étude fut une synthèse des données des rapports annuels du Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine avec comme objectif de jeter un regard sur l’organisation du système transfusionnel et ses réalisations.
La deuxième étude était une étude transversale menée d’une manière aléatoire auprès de 416 personnes âgées de 18 à 65 ans, résidant dans les trois zones de santé de la ville de Bukavu à l’Est de la RDC. Elle avait comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en matière de don de sang dans la population générale.
La troisième étude transversale descriptive et analytique a concerné 595 donneurs de sang de la ville de Bukavu. Son objectif était d’évaluer les connaissances, attitudes, pratiques et comportements chez les donneurs de sang du Sud-Kivu et identifier les facteurs de risque des marqueurs viraux.
La quatrième étude qui était transversale, a porté sur tout le personnel des soins :médecins, infirmiers, sage femmes, agents de formation rapide en activité dans les services hospitaliers du Sud-Kivu. Elle a eu comme objectif l’évaluation des connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des prestataires en matière de transfusion sanguine, d’infections VIH et d’hépatites B et C dans la province du Sud-Kivu.
La cinquième étude fut celle de suivi de cohorte des donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés. Son objectif était d’évaluer la séroprévalence des hépatites B et C chez les donneurs de sang bénévoles et non rémunérés.
La sixième étude a consisté aussi à l’étude de cohorte de donneurs de sang bénévoles à Bukavu. Son l’objectif était de déterminer les taux d’incidences du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs bénévoles du sang et estimer le risque résiduel du VIH, AgHBs et VHC chez les donneurs de sang de Bukavu.
La septième étude était une étude transversale sur les femmes enceintes de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, VHC et VIH chez la femme enceinte et identifier les facteurs de risque.
Enfin la huitième étude était aussi une étude transversale sur les enfants de 6 à 59 mois de la communauté de Maniema (RD Congo). Elle avait comme objectif de déterminer la prévalence de VHB, du VHC et du VIH chez les enfants de 6 à 59 mois et en déterminer les facteurs de risque.
Résultats
Le système transfusionnel en République Démocratique du Congo est en phase d’implantation. En douze ans, c'est-à-dire de 2 001 à 2 012, il y a eu 112 882 donneurs bénévoles de sang mobilisés, plus de 80 % de produits sanguins sécurisés et plus de 80% des besoins couverts. Par ailleurs 89 688 infections du VIH ont pu être évitées par la qualification systématique des produits sanguins. Pendant la même période, 8 461 personnes ont pu être formées en transfusion sanguine. Mais il y a eu surtout une régression des marqueurs viraux. C’est ainsi que pour le VIH la prévalence est passée de 4,7% à 2,1 % entre 2 001 et 2 012 tandis que l’hépatite B a connu une régression de 7,1% à 3,5% pendant la même période. Pour l’hépatite C, ce taux est passé de 11,8% à 2,3% entre 2 004 et 2 012.
Dans la population générale la pratique de don de sang est très peu connue, nos travaux ont montré que :61% de la population ne connaissaient pas la pratique de don de sang. Certains aspects (risque infectieux viral) de la sécurité transfusionnelle ne sont pas très connus par le premier maillon de la chaine transfusionnelle (donneur de sang) et les prestataires de soins. En effet les résultats de nos études ont montré que 23,5% de donneurs de sang avaient un bon score de connaissance sur les aspects de la sécurité transfusionnelle et 11,7% prestataires avaient un bon score de la connaissance et de la pratique sur la sécurité transfusionnelle. Notre travail a montré que la prévalence des trois virus chez les donneurs de sang est importante :dans une série la séroprévalence était pour le VHB de 4,8%, pour le VHC de 3,9% et pour le VIH de 1,6%. Dans une autre série la prévalence était de 4,2% et 3,8% respectivement pour les hépatites B et C tandis que la coïnfection VHB et VHC a été évaluée à 2,2%.
L’estimation du risque résiduel a montré que le risque résiduel est très élevé dans notre pays. Ce risque résiduel est de 1/1 515 dons pour le VIH soit 6 dons de sang sur 10 000 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils étaient testés négatifs. Pour les hépatites B et C, le risque résiduel était de 1/329 pour le VHC et de 1/126 dons pour l’hépatite B. Pour 1 000 dons de sang testés au virus de l’hépatite B, 8 seraient séropositifs alors qu’ils avaient été déclarés négatifs au test. Pour le virus de l’hépatite C, ce sont 3 personnes pour 1 000 dons de sang.
Au niveau des principaux receveurs :la séroprévalence du VIH chez les femmes enceintes était de 4,1 %, mais elle était plus importante, 15,6%,chez les femmes enceintes qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (OR =4,9 et p=0,02).La prévalence du VHB était de 5,9 % mais plus élevée chez la femme enceinte avec antécédent de transfusion (12,5%) et de tatouage (24,2%) et la prévalence du VHC était de 4,1% et plus élevée chez la femme avec antécédent de transfusion sanguine (12,5%).
Chez les enfants les résultats étaient les suivants :la prévalence du VHB observée dans notre étude était de 3,6%, mais cette prévalence était de 6,6% chez les enfants avec un antécédent de transfusion sanguine. Elle était de 5,7% chez les enfants dont la mère avait eu une transfusion sanguine lors de la grossesse. La prévalence du VHC était de 2,8%. Elle était plus élevée chez les enfants qui avaient un antécédent de transfusion (7,6%) et dont la mère avait un antécédent de transfusion sanguine (11,1%). La séroprévalence du VIH était de 3,7%. Une prévalence plus élevée du VIH était observée chez les enfants avec une histoire personnelle de transfusion sanguine (11,4%) et une histoire maternelle de transfusion (9,8%).
Conclusion
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la sécurité transfusionnelle est précaire. Cette précarité se situe à plusieurs niveaux :au niveau des services ayant la transfusion en charge par suite d’insuffisance dans l’organisation et dans le financement. Ensuite au niveau des acteurs c.-à-d. la population générale et les institutions sanitaires, par l’insuffisance des notions de base de la sécurité transfusionnelle et de prévention des maladies virales transmissibles par le sang.
Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la séroprévalence des marqueurs du VIH, des hépatites B et C est importante et leur risque résiduel est considérable.
Il est utile de procéder au renforcement des capacités de tous les acteurs de la chaine transfusionnelle en appliquant certaines stratégies innovantes proposées dans ce travail (utilisation des sociologues, anthropologues dans les séances de sensibilisation de la population…), l’éducation de la population, des techniques éfficaces de dépistage afin d’espérer réduire le risque infectieux lié à la transfusion sanguine.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Perard, Julien. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de l'IRES du VHC en association avec le motif de reconnaissance à l'ARN de la sous-unité b du facteur eIF3." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436687.
Full textKassab, Somar. "Variabilité du virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0056/document.
Full textThe genetic polymorphism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been investigated tounderstand its impact on disease evolution, with discordant results. This could be due to thenarrow range of genotype and plasmatic viral load in these studies.We analysed complete genome variability of circulating HBV, in 422 chronicallyinfected patients. All were naive of anti-viral treatement and 38% had a plasmatic viral loadbelow 103 UI/mL. After optimisation of full length genome PCR amplification, we obtainedSanger sequences for more than 90% of HBV genome in 320 samples. We detected by directsequencing multiples co-infections that were confirmed by clonal pyrosequencing in 27samples. Defective viruses were always observed in co-infection with wild type virus. Directsequences showed a large representation of the most frequent genotypes (A to E), but also 60potential inter-genotypic recombinants. Clonal pyrosequencing and vectorial sequencingshowed that these potential recombinants were co-infections with different genotypes orintermediate genotypes located between close genotypes. These observations are incontradiction with the hypothesis described in the literature on recombination by geneticmaterial exchange.This study will be completed by a correlation analysis between the polymorphisms andmarkers of bad prognosis during HBV-induced disease
Tisne, Bertrand. "Dermatopolymyosite, VIH, VHB et corticothérapie au long cours." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25408.
Full textFourel, Isabelle. "Étude des agents inhibiteurs de la réplication du virus de l'hépatite B : intérêt des modèles animaux de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T012.
Full textRollier, Christine. "Etude, à l'aide du virus de l'hépatite B du canard, de l'immunisation génétique pour la prévention et le traitement de l'hépatite B." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10086.
Full textBlanchet, Mathieu. "Etude des déterminismes de maturation et d’infectiosité des virus des hépatites B et Delta." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077031.
Full textThe HBV envelope proteins bud spontaneously at the ER membrane, mainly as subviral empty particles. In rare cases, the HBV nucleocapsid is recruited, leading to the formation of virions. This peculiar budding process is to the benefit of HDV, a defective virus that needs the HBV envelope proteins to complete its life cycle. Three envelope proteins are encoded by the HBV genome. They differ from each other by the size of their N-terminal extension. The S-HBsAg protein is made of the S domain only, M-HBsAg is made of the S and pre-S2 domains, and L-HBsAg is made of the pre-S1, pre-S2, and S domains. S- and L-HBsAg are required for HBV maturation. S-HBsAg is sufficient for HDV maturation. The S domain contains four transmembrane domains, two cytosolic loops (CYL-I and -II), and a loop located in the ER lumen. The first part of our work consisted in the identification of HBV and HDV infectivity and maturation determinants in CYL-I and -II. Our results show the absence of maturation and infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV in CYL-I. CYL-II does not contain any amino-acid indispensable for viral entry. The second part of our work consisted in a study of the L-HBsAg pre-S domain, which harbours the main HBV infectivity determinant. The pre-S domain also contains the matrix domain for HBV maturation, whose role at viral entry could not be tested in the HBV model. We used the HDV model to study this region. Our results show that HDV infectivity determinants are confined to the first 75 N-terminal amino-acids of pre-S1, excluding any role of the matrix domain in the infection process. These results are in favour of common infectivity determinants for HBV and HDV
Jeantet, Damien. "Caractérisation moléculaire et biologique des virus de l'hépatite B cryptiques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10253.
Full textSoussan, Patrick. "Virus de l'hepatite b (vhb) et variabilite genetique : etude de la variabilite genetique du vhb apres vaccinotherapie de porteurs chroniques du vhb. role d'un arn episse du vhb sur la persistance virale." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077051.
Full textIskandar, Nouhad. "Contribution à l'étude épidémiologique du virus de l'hépatite delta." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120062.
Full textCao, Qian. "Caractérisation moléculaire des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liés au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S010/document.
Full textHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumors. Hepatic carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition (e.g. SNPs) and environmental factors. Nearly 50% of HCC are caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide. During HBV infection, multiple genetic and viral alterations accumulate and promote tumor development. By analyzing resected HCC in France, we identified specific molecular features related to HBV infection. First, HBx inactivating mutations are selected in HCC tissues suggesting specific pressure of selection during hepatocarcinogenesis. Second, in patients with a low number of HBV DNA copies per liver cell, we identified additional risk factors like HCV infection, alcohol intake or NASH, suggesting a cooperative effect of these factors with HBV to induce the malignant transformation. Third, TP53 mutations associated with a poor prognostic for HBV infected resected HCC patients. At last, HBV-related tumors demonstrate more frequent progenitor phenotype compared to non-HBV HCC, with an up-regulation of genes that involved in cell cycle regulation and encoded onco-fetal/progenitor proteins. Four SNPs previously identified by genome-wide studies (GWAS) in Asian, have been validated in our European population. Allelic distributions seem to vary according to the etiologies of adjacent liver diseases. These findings underscore the complexity of the genetic predisposition of HCC; further study must consider the geographical origin of patients and associated risk factors
Amaddeo, Giuliana. "Altérations génomiques des carcinomes hépatocellulaires liées au virus de l'hépatite B." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05S012.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Introduzione: Il carcinoma epatocellulare (HCC) è il tumore primitivo più comune del fegato. Nel mondo, quasi il 50% di tutti gli HCC sono causati dal virus dell'epatite B (HBV). Durante le fasi dell’ infezione da HBV, si possono accumulare alterazioni genetiche e / o cromosomiche e quindi promuovere lo sviluppo del tumore. Obiettivi: a) analizzare in vitro e in vivo il ruolo potenziale di un nuovo gene potenzialmente coinvolto nella carcinogenesi epatica: IRF-2 (Interferon regulatory factor 2). Questo gene è stato identificato mediante l’analisi CGH-SNP come frequentemente deleto negli HCC correlati all’ HBV. b) caratterizzare una cohorte di HCC correlati all’HBV studiandone lo stato virale, le alterazioni genetiche e l’espressione di differenti geni al fine di comprendere meglio il ruolo di HBV nella carcinogenesis epatocellulare e confrontare questi parametri con una cohorte di HCC a diversa eziologia. Risultati: a) In laboratorio, Sandrine Imbeaud ha condotto un'analisi SNP-CGH microarray su una cohorte di 125 HCC che ha evidenziato una regione deleta in maniera omozigote localizzata sul braccio lungo del cromosoma 4 (4q34.3-35) in 4 campioni tumorali. La regione comprende un unico gene: IRF2. In altri due campioni sono state identificate mutazioni somatiche inattivatrici mediante sequenziamento della regione codante di IRF-2. In vitro, la soppressione di IRF-2 ha indotto un aumento della proliferazione cellulare, al contrario, la sua sovra-espressione ha causato un aumento dell’apoptosi cellulare. In vivo, la soppressione di IRF-2 è responsabile della formazione di tumori più grandi nei topi nude. I 6 tumori mutati per IRF2 sono tutti correlati all’ HBV (p = 0,0003. Nella cohorte di tumori studiati, le mutazioni di TP53 e di IRF-2 erano vicendevolmente esclusive. Inoltre, la soppressione dell’espressione della proteina IRF-2 induceva una riduzione dell’espressione della proteina p53 ed una stretta correlazione tra l’espressione delle due proteine è stata osservata (r2 = 0,72, p = 0,004). Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che il livello di espressione di IRF-2 è in grado di modulare l'espressione di alcuni geni target di TP53. Abbiamo, quindi, ipotizzato che IRF2 possa alterare la funzione di p53. Come è noto IRF2 può legarsi a MDM2, un regolatore negativo di p53 che induce la sua degradazione proteasomica. Il trattamento di cellule inattivate per IRF2 con MG132, un inibitore del proteasoma, induceva il restauro dell’espressione di p53. In vivo, il trattamento con bortezomib, chemioterapico inibitore del proteasoma, ha determinato la regressione del tumore inattivato per IRF2. b) 86 HCC correlati all’HBV sono stati caratterizzati dal punto di vista clinico e molecolare ed in seguito sono stati confrontati una serie di 90 HCC correlati ad altre eziologie. Gli HCC correlati all’HBV hanno delle caratteristiche cliniche e patologiche diverse da quelle degli HCC d’altra eziologia: insorgenza in pazienti più giovani (p <0,0001), di origine africana o asiatica (P <0.0001), alfa-fetoproteina sierica elevata (P = 0.008) e scarsa differenziazione istologica (P = 0,04). Mutazioni inattivatrici del gene HBX sono state identificate nel 71% dei tumori e il 33% dei tessuti non tumorali adiacenti (P <0.0001). Nel 63% dei casi, il numero di copie virali nel tessuto tumorale era inferiore rispetto al tessuto non tumorale adiacente (p <0,0001). Il gene TP53 è stato il gene più frequentemente mutato nella serie di HCC correlati a HBV (41%, p = 0,0002), con una considerevole presenza di mutazioni al codone 249 (R249S) (16%, p <0,0001). Questo tipo di mutazione è associate classicamente all’ aflatossina B1. Abbiamo osservato, inoltre, che TP53 mutato era un predittore indipendente di sopravvivenza solo per i pazienti infetti da HBV. Infine,
Abou, Jaoude Georges. "Etude des protéines d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B à l'étape d'entrée virale : utilisation du virus de l'hépatite Delta comme modèle expérimental." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066331.
Full textGhibaudo, David. "Caractérisation du virus GBV-B : développement d'un nouveau modèle d'étude du virus de l'hépatite C." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077081.
Full textBouffard, Pascal. "Infection des cellules d'origine hématopoiétique par le virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T064.
Full textLucifora, Julie. "Réplication du virus de l'hépatite B et réponse intracellulaire à l'infection virale." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/25/83/PDF/211-2008_-_Manuscrit_These_Julie_Lucifora.pdf.
Full textHBV is a major problem issue since the 400 million existing chronic carriers have greater risk to develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of relevant and convenient in vitro HBV studying model, the aim was to improve the one that uses HBV recombinant baculoviruses to deliver HBV genome in hepatocytes. Relevance of this improved system was then demonstrated for phenotypic and resistant mutant fitness analysis. Finally, with the use of HBV recombinant baculovirus in HepaRG cells, an HBV-mediated effective IFN response within cells was highlighted. This constitutes new data in the study of virus/host cell interaction since HBV was considered as a “stealth” virus until now. Taken together, these results have important implications in the comprehension HBV persistence mechanisms and in the development of new cellular models of infection
Lainé, Sébastien. "Identification et caractérisation de PAP22 : partenaire cellulaire de la protéine P22 du virus de l'hépatite B humaine." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0040.
Full textThe HBV virus responsible for hepatitis B is still a worldwide health issue. Its ability to stay as an episome in infected cells is responsible for chronicity, which can lead to hepatocarcinoma and cirrhosis. We focused our research on the HBe antigen of HBV, which seems implicated in viral persistence. Hbe is a cleavage product of the p22 protein. We have show a specific interaction between P22 and 32kDa cellular protein we named PAP for protein associated to P22. Using an in vitro interaction assay based on over expressing recombinant P, we identified PAP22 as gClqR. Bibliographical data indicate roles of PAP22 in spicing, apoptosis and the immune response. We could demonstrate a rôle of the P22/gC1qR complex into the HBV pre-genome spicing, which, therefore, implies a control of the pro-apoptotic HBSP protein by P22/gC1qR. Moreove, we have shown thet gClqR regulates apoptosis in a p22-sensitive manner. Our data suggest a possible role of this complex in allowing viral persistence through a tight control of apoptosis. This work opens new avenues in studying HBe functions by demonstrating specific functions of P22 thet are independent from its precursor role
Le, Duff Yann. "Etude de déterminants d'entrée virale et de morphogenèse du virus de l'hépatite B." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077232.
Full textThe budding mechanism of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is entirely dépendent on its envelope proteins. These proteins form oligomers and spontaneously bud into the lumen of the endoplasmic réticulum (ER), mainly as empty subviral particles that are secreted in large quantities by infected cells. The envelope proteins occasionally recruit HBV nucleocapsids leading to the formation of complete virions also called Dane particles. Ribonucleoproteins of the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) take advantage of this unusal budding mechanism: they bind to the envelope proteins and are secreted as HDV virions. There are three HBV envelope proteins: the small protein S-AgHBs, the medium protein M-AgHBs, and the large protein L-AgHBs. They share a common C-terminal domain but the size of their N-terminal domains differs. The S protein contains only the S domain, while the M and the L proteins consist respectively of the S and preS2 domains, and the S, preS2, and preSl domains. The S-AgHBs protein drives HBV and HDV budding. This integral protein is synthesized at the ER membrane. Its N-terminal region contains two transmembrane domains forming a first cytosolic loop and an antigenic loop (AGL) that is presented at the surface of the viruses. Its C-terminal domain is highly hydrophobic and predicted as a membrane domain. In addition two infectivity determinants have been identified on the preSl domain and the AGL. First our study aimed at characterizing the mechanism of action of the two infectivity determinants. Our results indicate that these determinants are functionaly independant at viral entry. The role of the AGL may require the intervention of many surface proteins while only a few domains of preSl are sufficient for infection. Finally, the mode of action of the preSl domain seems to be mediated by an allosteric cooperation of its sub-elements. The second part of our study aimed at specifying the topology of the C-terminal domain of the S-AgHBs protein in order to further characterize its role in HBV et HDV morphogenesis. This region most likely associates with cellular membranes through the 154-174 and 202-226 domains. The 202-226 residues are highly hydrophobic and may be implicated, together with the 71-102 region, in the surface proteins dimerization. The 154-174 region is presumably organized as an amphipathic helix, which is parallel to membranes. It may participate in cholesterol recruitment. Lastly, residues 193-204 may be exposed cytoplasm in agreement their role in HDV ribonucleoprotein recruitment
Bachelot, Etienne. "Production in vitro par les lymphocytes circulants d'anticorps spécifiques du virus de l'hépatite B." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11212.
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