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Kneepkens, C. H. "The Donatus minor between Via antiqua and Via moderna." Latin Grammars in Transition, 1200 - 1600 44, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2017): 355–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00013.kne.
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Abstract In the 15th and early 16th centuries, educational life at the universities of Western and Central Europe was dominated by serious doctrinal conflicts between several schools of thought (the Antiqui/Reales vs the Moderni/Nominales), the Wegestreit. This clash not only had serious consequences for instruction in philosophy and theology, but was also felt in the grammar courses of the BA programme. Remarkably, we find the old elementary grammar primer, the Donatus minor, as a prescribed textbook in several Arts faculties. This essay examines the impact of the so-called Wegestreit on university grammar instruction with special reference to late 15th- and early 16th-cent. commentaries on the Donatus minor. After a concise sketch of the philosophical and logical roots of the Wegestreit, I present the development of the conflicting approaches to language and grammar in the 14th century that underlay the divergent opinions of the 15th-century masters.The third section deals with the position of the Donatus minor as a textbook for the undergraduate grammar courses of the Arts faculties. The remainder of this essay falls into two sections. First, a discussion of the different ways the Antiqui and Moderni analyse and explain some theoretical and the related practical aspects of syntactic relations in the last decades of the 15th cent. This part is followed by two case studies of the analyses, explanations and applications of these syntactic phenomena in the commentaries on the Donatus minor of the Realist/Thomist, Magnus Hundt (1449–1519) of Leipzig, and the Modernist Florentius Diel (fl.1490–1509) of Mainz.
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Guisalberti, Alessandro. "L’ERMENEUTICA DEL TESTO ARISTOTELICO: DALLA “VIA ANTIQUA”ALLA “VIA MODERNA”." Veritas (Porto Alegre) 46, no. 3 (December 30, 2001): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2001.3.35021.
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Este artigo procura compreender o modo como a via antiqua e a via moderna devem ser entendidas no processo de interpretação das obras de Aristóteles da Idade Média até o Humanismo. O autor expõe o sentido etimológico da " palavra modernus e mostra os diferentes significados dela - tanto em discussões filosóficas quanto teológicas - nos séculos 13, 14 e 15.
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Oberman, Heiko A. "Via Antiqua and Via Moderna: Late Medieval Prolegomena to Early Reformation Thought." Journal of the History of Ideas 48, no. 1 (January 1987): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2709610.
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Müller, Sigrid. "Pierre d'Ailly und die “richtige” Thomas-Interpretation: Theologisch-hermeneutische Prinzipien als Grundlage des Wegestreits." Traditio 60 (2005): 339–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900000295.
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Pierre d'Ailly war eine zentrale Gestalt für die Theologie und Philosophie an der Wende des vierzehnten zum fünfzehnten Jahrhundert. Er ist als Lehrer Johannes Gersons, als dessen Vorgänger im Amt des Rektors der Universität Paris, als bedeutender Kirchenpolitiker des Konstanzer Konzils und als Theologe untersucht worden, und in den vergangenen Jahren gerieten auch seine originellen philosophischen, vor allem logischen Ansätze in den Blick der Forschung. In seiner Bedeutung für die “via moderna” des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts kam er bislang aber nur wenig zur Sprache. Für diese Fragestellung sind die polemischen Werke Aillys von besonderem Interesse, vor allem der Traktat, den er im Auftrag der theologischen Fakultät der Universität Paris gegen den Dominikaner Johannes de Montesono geschrieben hat. Dieser lässt nicht nur auf deutliche Weise Aillys Modell einer von der Philosophie unabhängigen Theologie erkennen, sondern zeigt zugleich, wie die Ursachen gelegt wurden für die spätere polemische Auseinandersetzung zwischen “via moderna” und “via antiqua.”
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Zachara, I. "Tomizmas XVII a. Ukrainos ir Lietuvos mokyklose." Problemos 8 (September 29, 2014): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.1971.8.5830.
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Straipsnyje analizuojamas tomizmas XVII a. Ukrainos ir Lietuvos mokyklose. Teigiama, kad visais laikais būta Tomo Akviniečio mokslo opozicijos, viena jo formų buvo lotyniškasis averoizmas. Ši savotiška dviejų Aristotelio traktuočių kova, materializmo ir idealizmo kova, atsispindėjo ir Lietuvos bei Ukrainos mokyklose. Lenkijos mokyklose, glaudžiai susijusiose su Lietuvos ir Ukrainos mokyklomis, antitomistinės srovės atsirado anksti. Krokuvos akademijoje vyravo dvi filosofinės srovės: „via antiqua“, kuriai atstovavo tomistai ir škotistai, ir „via modernorum“, naujovių to meto filosofijoje reiškėja. Viena iš tomizmo opozicijos apraiškų yra S. Javorskio formos problemos traktuotė. Jei Tomas Akvinietis ir jo sekėjai pabrėžė formos pirmumą materijos atžvilgiu, tai S. Javorskis teigė šių kategorijų lygiateisiškumą, kartais uteikdamas materijai net pirmenybę. S. Javorskio psichologinėse pažiūrose taip pat esama teiginių, prieštaraujančių tomistams. Jis tvirtina, kad sielos potencijos – vegetatyvinė, jutiminė, protinė ir geidžiančioji – nesiskiria nuo pačios sielos. Spręsdamas klausimą apie universalijas, S. Javorskis taip pat užima antitomistinę poziciją ir pasireiškia kaip nuosaikusis nominalistas.
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Wöhler, Hans-Ulrich. "Die erste philosophische Fakultät in Sachsen bis zum Beginn der Reformation im lokalen, regionalen und überregionalen Kontext." Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 13 (December 31, 2008): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.13.11woh.
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The first philosophical faculty in Saxony up to the beginning of the Reformation in its local, regional, and supraregional context. The University of Leipzig was founded in the year 1409. In the faculty of arts – the heart and the basis of the old university as a whole – there were numerous controversies during the first century of its existence. From the very beginning it competed with the older University of Prague, its historic mother, for an independent manner of philosophical thinking. The so-called »Wegestreit« between the via moderna and the via antiqua, and the »Poetenstreit« between traditional and new humanistic patterns of science and philosophy were constituents of late medieval philosophy in Germany. Especially the various forms of academic disputation, that is ordinary, extraordinary and quodlibetal disputations, played an important part within the first hundred years of existence of this university, specifically its faculty of arts. The famous disputation between Johann Eck and Martin Luther at Leipzig in the year 1519 was one of the culminating points of this practice. Considerable work remains to be done on the exploration of late medieval philosophy. The analysis of the collection of medieval philosophical manuscripts originating from the old University of Leipzig could provide some new material for our historical knowledge of this period.
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Scheible, Heinz. "Die Philosophische Fakultät der Universität Wittenberg von der Gründung bis zur Vertreibung der Philippisten." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte - Archive for Reformation History 98, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 7–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/arg-2007-0102.
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ABSTRACT The faculty of arts at the University of Wittenberg taught the via antiqua with a focus on Scotism, but not the via moderna. The mathematical disciplines were poorly represented. In contrast to that, Humanism was taught from the beginning and the Humanist curriculum was extended in 1518, not only by establishing chairs of Greek and Hebrew, but also chairs of Aristotle. As Luther was vehemently against Aristotle at that time, he was certainly not the driving force behind this aspect of the reform. In the following years the lectures on traditional subjects were gradually reduced, while the new subjects were extended and adapted to the tenets of the Reformation. Melanchthon played a decisive role in this transformation. Not only did he teach his philosophical subjects in accordance with Luther’s theology, but he also saw to the extension of Mathematics and supported History. In 1536 the transformation of the medieval faculty of arts with its predominance of Logics into a modern philosophical faculty with a balance between the languages and the mathematical subjects was completed. Melanchthon’s decision to refuse the offer of a chair at Jena was decisive for the fact that the University of Wittenberg was not closed in 1547, but survived until 1817. The rising number of students even after his death attests to the success of his teaching, which was brought to an end by the expulsion of the Philippists as alleged Calvinists from Saxony in 1574.
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Peperzak, L. "Future increase in harmful algal blooms in the North Sea due to climate change." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 5 (March 1, 2005): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0102.
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In temperate seas such as the North Sea harmful (toxic) algal blooms will probably increase as a result of climate change. This conclusion was reached after investigating the projected effect of climate change for the year 2100 in Dutch coastal waters (4°C temperature rise and increased water column stratification) on the growth rates of six harmful and two non-harmful phytoplankton species. Micro algae form the basis of the marine food chain. However, toxin-producing species may seriously disrupt the food web and lead to fish kills and human intoxication. Two species with estimated doubled growth rates in 2100, F. japonica and C. antiqua, entered Europe via ship's ballast water or shellfish imports. This stresses the need to legally regulate such invasion routes in order to prevent the import of novel species. Future toxic phytoplankton blooms may further devaluate ecosystem deliverables such as fish production or recreational use. This devaluation can be estimated by monetary value assessments that are needed in cost-benefit analyses for policy guidance. The lack of understanding of future climate, ecosystem functioning and its response to climate change calls for a scientific effort to improve our knowledge on present day coastal ecosystem functioning and its resilience.
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WERNER WOLF, KLAUS. "Mitotic and meiotic spindles from two insect orders, Lepidoptera and Diptera, differ in terms of microtubule and membrane content." Journal of Cell Science 97, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.97.1.91.
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Spindles from the gonads of five insect species were examined after conventional preparation for electron microscopy. The aim of the study was to determine (1) the range of variation of the spindle membranes between mitotic and meiotic cells and (2) the correlation of possible differences with the microtubule content of the spindles. The study involved four moth species, Ephestia kuehniella, Phragmatobia fuliginosa, Orgyia thyellina, Orgyia antiqua, and one fly, Megaselia scalaris. Somatic and gonial mitoses in all species examined showed a sparse spindle membrane inventory. In contrast, spermatocytes consistently had a multi- layered spindle envelope. In spermatocytes of all Lepidoptera species examined, but not in those of M. scalaris, diverse forms of intraspindle membranes existed in addition to the spindle envelope. Microtubule counts in serially cross-sectioned spindles of E. kuehniella revealed an about 6-fold increase in the mass of polymerized tubulin during the transition from spermatogonia to primary spermatocytes. The increase was 3.3-fold in O. thyellina and less than 3-fold in M. scalaris. The density of intraspindle membranes in E. kuehniella was higher than in O. thyelhna by factors of 1.8 to 3.0. The correlation between the amount of spindle membranes and the microtubule content of the spindle indicates a functional relationship. Spindle membranes are believed to influence microtubule stability via the regulation of the Ca2+ concentration within the spindle area. The high microtubule mass in spindles from Lepidoptera spermatocytes may result from the membrane-dependent lowering of the Ca2+ level within the spindles. Finally, an unconventional idea on the role of intraspindle membranes is offered. This concept is not intended to challenge the function of spindle-associated membranes as Ca2+-sequestrating compartments. Intraspindle membranes are considered as stuffing material in sheathed spindles. Membranous compartments reduce the free volume within the spindle. Thereby, monomeric tubulin is concentrated and the formation of microtubules is favoured.
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Martins, Sérgio B. "Antiaula vanguardista." MODOS: Revista de História da Arte 5, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/modos.v5i1.8664220.
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Tomando como ponto de partida exercícios de desenho que Lygia Pape passava aos seus alunos, este artigo passa em revista a trajetória da artista entre os anos 1950 e o final dos anos 1960, enfocando três diferentes categorias que entram em questão na medida em que a artista vai expandindo seu repertório de meios: o plano (em sua gravura concreta), a página (em seus livros neoconcretos) e o palco (em seus balés). Ao tomar o questionamento da estabilidade convencional dessas três categorias como facetas de um mesmo movimento crítico, sustentamos, em primeiro lugar, que advém daí um nexo de coerência na obra de Pape irredutível à ideia de linguagem artística ou estilo. Além disso, buscamos situar a exata articulação entre este movimento crítico e a expansão ambiental de sua obra a partir de meados dos anos 1960.
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Nikolsky, Ivan M. "The ‘Late Antique’ political model in the ‘Early Medieval’ context: Satisfactio by Dracontius in 5th and 7th century redactions." Shagi / Steps 4, no. 2 (2018): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2412-9410-2018-4-2-10-22.
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Varagnoli, Claudio. "¿Desplazar monumentos? El templo de Debod en Madrid en una comparación entre España e Italia." ZARCH, no. 16 (September 13, 2021): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2021165575.
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Un templo egipcio del siglo II a.C. procedente de las orillas del Nilo, ahora se encuentra en el central parque de la Montaña en Ma¬drid. Tras la construcción de la presa de Asuán, que provocó la inundación de la zona, el templo fue desmantelado y transportado a Madrid en 1970, como agradecimiento por el trabajo de España en la protección los monumentos de Nubia. En los últimos tiempos se ha debatido sobre la necesidad de la conservación material del edificio, planteando la hipótesis, entre otras cosas, de cubiertas protectoras. La técnica de mover monumentos es muy antigua y el templo de Debod es solo un ejemplo de una larga historia. Po¬demos distinguir los desplazamientos, en los que se mueve el edificio en su totalidad, de los transportes, en los cuales el edificio se desmantela en partes y se reconstruye en otros lugares, como fue el caso del templo de Debod. Este caso es muy común, al menos en el pasado, pero obviamente más destructivo. Un enfoque más maduro se encuentra en la aplicación de métodos de arqueología urbana. Sin embargo, la conservación de los monumentos del pasado siempre ha provocado conflictos con la ciudad del presente, como muestra el caso de la Via dell’Impero, heredada del fascismo, en Roma. Precisamente este caso revela la necesidad de un proyecto que gestione el potencial conflicto entre lo antiguo y lo nuevo. En el templo de Debod ya se han aplicado los tratamientos físico-químicos necesarios. Pero la vida de un monumento no es solo la conservación de piedras o el control del clima. Más bien, necesitamos comprender el significado del monumento y la relación con la historia y el espacio en el que se encuentra hoy.
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Papa, Lia Maria, Pierpaolo D'Agostino, and Giuseppe Antuono. "El complejo termal de Via Terracina en Nápoles entre levantamiento y uso." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 24, no. 36 (July 22, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.10565.
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<p>Dentro del ámbito del conocimiento y de la valorización del patrimonio cultural, las técnicas destinadas al levantamiento ofrecen grandes oportunidades en virtud de la evolución tecnológica, que subyacen en el potencial comunicativo de las imágenes digitales. En esa dirección, la investigación aquí presentada ha sido desarrollada sobre los restos de una antigua terma ubicada en un área urbanizada de la ciudad de Nápoles. El estudio tiene una doble connotación, siendo capaz de crear un estrecho vínculo entre didáctica e investigación. De hecho, el sitio ha sido utilizado como taller didáctico al aire libre para trabajo de campo y al mismo tiempo la investigación puesta en marcha ha sido propicia para comparar críticamente las diferentes técnicas de levantamiento indirecto utilizadas, evaluando resultados y potencial comunicativo, allí donde la visualización digital constituye sin duda un cambio fundamental en el modelo cognitivo del patrimonio cultural.</p>
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Spehar, Perica, Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic, and Sonja Stamenkovic. "Late antique necropolis in Davidovac-Crkviste." Starinar, no. 63 (2013): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1363269s.
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In 2012, in the village Davidovac situated in south Serbia, 9.5 km south-west from Vranje, archaeological investigations were conducted on the site Crkviste. The remains of the smaller bronze-age settlement were discovered, above which a late antique horizon was later formed. Apart from modest remains of a bronze-age house and pits, a late antique necropolis was also excavated, of which two vaulted tombs and nine graves were inspected during this campaign. During the excavation of the northern sector of the site Davidovac-Crkviste the north-eastern periphery of the necropolis is detected. Graves 1-3, 5 and 6 are situated on the north?eastern borderline of necropolis, while the position of the tombs and the remaining four graves (4, 7-9) in their vicinity point that the necropolis was further spreading to the west and to the south?west, occupying the mount on which the church of St. George and modern graveyard are situated nowadays. All graves are oriented in the direction SW-NE, with the deviance between 3? and 17?, in four cases toward the south and in seven cases toward the north, while the largest part of those deviations is between 3? and 8?. Few small finds from the layer above the graves can in some way enable the determination of their dating. Those are two roman coins, one from the reign of emperor Valens (364-378), as well as the fibula of the type Viminacium-Novae which is chronologically tied to a longer period from the middle of the 5th to the middle of the 6th century, although there are some geographically close analogies dated to the end of the 4th or the beginning of the 5th century. Analogies for the tombs from Davidovac can be found on numerous sites, like in Sirmium as well as in Macvanska Mitrovica, where they are dated to the 4th-5th century. Similar situation was detected in Viminacium, former capital of the roman province of Upper Moesia. In ancient Naissus, on the site of Jagodin Mala, simple rectangular tombs were distributed in rows, while the complex painted tombs with Christian motifs were also found and dated by the coins to the period from the 4th to the 6th century. Also, in Kolovrat near Prijepolje simple vaulted tombs with walled dromos were excavated. During the excavations on the nearby site Davidovac-Gradiste, 39 graves of type Mala Kopasnica-Sase dated to the 2nd-3rd century were found, as well as 67 cist graves, which were dated by the coins of Constantius II, jewellery and buckles to the second half of the 4th or the first half of the 5th century. Based on all above mentioned it can be concluded that during the period from the 2nd to the 6th century in this area existed a roman and late antique settlement and several necropolises, formed along an important ancient road Via militaris, traced at the length of over 130 m in the direction NE-SW. Data gained with the anthropological analyses of 10 skeletons from the site Davidovac-Crkviste don't give enough information for a conclusion about the paleo-demographical structure of the population that lived here during late antiquity. Important results about the paleo-pathological changes, which do not occur often on archaeological sites, as well as the clearer picture about this population in total, will be acquired after the osteological material from the site Davidovac-Gradiste is statistically analysed.
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García, Máximo. "Everyday material culture: the complexity of privacy in Castile and Portugal during the Ancient Régime." Revista Portuguesa de História, no. 47 (2016): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4147_47_6.
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Knight, Jeremy K. "An Inscription from Bavai and the Fifth-Century Christian Epigraphy of Britain." Britannia 41 (July 5, 2010): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000164.
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ABSTRACTThe consular dated memorial of a military accountant (scrinarius) of a.d. 404 with a chi-rho monogram from Bavai (France, Nord), previously thought to be a forgery, is reconsidered. Geographically close to Britain and well-dated, it is relevant to the origins of post-Roman insular epigraphy and to the possibility of recognising specifically Christian tombstones in Roman Britain. The insular series derives from a late antique tradition introduced to Britain via the Christian Church at an uncertain date. There is little sign of continuity with claimed Romano-British Christian tombstones, but an early phase of the insular series can be recognised. Literacy and perhaps the ‘epigraphic habit’ survived in other media.
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Ríos-Llamas, Carlos. "From the lived city to the Heritage City: Antigua Guatemala and the Medina of Fez in front of tourism and the staging of daily life." Anuario de Espacios Urbanos, Historia, Cultura y Diseño 25 (December 1, 2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/azc/dcyad/aeu/n25/rios.
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Muñoz Domínguez, José. "Via non difficilis. Los viales de acceso en las villas renacentistas con desarrollo axial." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 16 (July 1, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2015.3122.
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Desde la propuesta teórica de Alberti en De re aedificatoria (ca. 1450-1485), el camino de acceso a la villa constituye uno de sus componentes definidores por excelencia, integrado muy tempranamente como parte de su composición general. En relación con este elemento de ordenación, se estudia un conjunto de villas que presentan desarrollo axial –principalmente dentro del tipo aterrazado– con viales de acceso de notable longitud, todas dentro del período renacentista, desde el ejemplo más antiguo de Quaracchi (ca. 1453) o Castello (ca. 1538-1550), entre otros de Toscana, entorno de Roma o el Véneto, hasta casos españoles como La Fresneda (ca. 1562-1569) o El Bosque de Béjar (ca. 1567).
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Chande, Aroon T., Lavanya Rishishwar, Dongjo Ban, Shashwat D. Nagar, Andrew B. Conley, Jessica Rowell, Augusto E. Valderrama-Aguirre, Miguel A. Medina-Rivas, and I. King Jordan. "The Phenotypic Consequences of Genetic Divergence between Admixed Latin American Populations: Antioquia and Chocó, Colombia." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 9 (July 18, 2020): 1516–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa154.
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Abstract Genome-wide association studies have uncovered thousands of genetic variants that are associated with a wide variety of human traits. Knowledge of how trait-associated variants are distributed within and between populations can provide insight into the genetic basis of group-specific phenotypic differences, particularly for health-related traits. We analyzed the genetic divergence levels for 1) individual trait-associated variants and 2) collections of variants that function together to encode polygenic traits, between two neighboring populations in Colombia that have distinct demographic profiles: Antioquia (Mestizo) and Chocó (Afro-Colombian). Genetic ancestry analysis showed 62% European, 32% Native American, and 6% African ancestry for Antioquia compared with 76% African, 10% European, and 14% Native American ancestry for Chocó, consistent with demography and previous results. Ancestry differences can confound cross-population comparison of polygenic risk scores (PRS); however, we did not find any systematic bias in PRS distributions for the two populations studied here, and population-specific differences in PRS were, for the most part, small and symmetrically distributed around zero. Both genetic differentiation at individual trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms and population-specific PRS differences between Antioquia and Chocó largely reflected anthropometric phenotypic differences that can be readily observed between the populations along with reported disease prevalence differences. Cases where population-specific differences in genetic risk did not align with observed trait (disease) prevalence point to the importance of environmental contributions to phenotypic variance, for both infectious and complex, common disease. The results reported here are distributed via a web-based platform for searching trait-associated variants and PRS divergence levels at http://map.chocogen.com (last accessed August 12, 2020).
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Loosley, Emma. "The Early Christian bema churches of Syria revisited." Antiquity 75, no. 289 (September 2001): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088682.
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The Limestone Massif of northwest Syria has the largest concentration of late antique churches in the world. All date from between the second half of the 4th century and the first decade of the 7th century and are remarkably consistent in their conformity to a recognizably ‘Syrian’ architectural style. Almost without exception they are apsed basilicas varying only in terms of size and the quality of decoration.This region was extensively surveyed in the 1950s by Georges Tchalenko, whose monumental three-volume study Villages antiques de la Syrie du nord remains the definitive work on the area. Of the many ecclesiastical buildings included in this survey Tchalenko identified a group of approximately 45 churches possessing a bema. The bema is a horseshoe-shaped structure in the nave that mirrors the curve of the apse. Entered via steps at the east end, it provided benches for the clergy and a pulpit at the west end that was used for scriptural expositions and homilies.
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Morillo Cerdán, Ángel, and Javier Salido Domínguez. "Material constructivo latericio procedente del campamento de la Legio VII Gemina en León. La intervención arqueológica de Puerta Obispo." Lucentum, no. 32 (December 15, 2013): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/lvcentvm2013.32.07.
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Las intervenciones arqueológicas realizadas en el sector de Puerta Obispo de la ciudad de León durante 1996 proporcionaron un interesante conjunto latericio procedente del sector oriental del campamento altoimperial de la legio VII gemina. Una buena parte del material aparecido (ladrillos bessales, pedales, elementos para concamerationes) procede sin duda de las vecinas termas legionarias, que se encuentran bajo la actual catedral. Por el contrario, en los sectores correspondientes a la via sagularis y al cuerpo de guardia de la torre septentrional de la antigua porta principalis sinistra del campamento aparecen numerosas tegulae e imbrices en estado fragmentario, que deben responder a reformas acometidas en la puerta romana a finales del siglo III. En este estudio presentamos además un análisis del material sellado, que constituye la inmensa mayoría del conjunto, lo que constituye un rasgo característico de las marcas de producción, numerales e improntas de calzado y huellas animales, que nos informan sobre aspectos productivos y de la vida cotidiana en el campamento legionario.
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Mitchell, Margaret. "Christian Martyrdom and the "Dialect of the Holy Scriptures": The Literal, the Allegorical, the Martyrological." Biblical Interpretation 17, no. 1-2 (2009): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851508x383430.
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AbstractThis paper seeks to test a venerable scholarly and popular commonplace: that the ideology of religious martyrdom is based upon and further reflects a literal or even hyper-literal interpretation of Scriptures. Through two test-cases from late antique Christian writings, Tertullian's scorpiace and Origen's exhortatio ad martyrium, I seek to demonstrate the inadequacy of the literal/allegorical dichotomy to comprise and comprehend the complex, ingenious ways in which "the dialect of the holy Scriptures" (Origen's phrase) is claimed to speak in one unambiguous voice that instructs the Christian to accept martyrdom under persecution through confession. Self- and other-characterizations using the labels of "literal" and "allegorical" readings abound in these writings, but are not confined to one side or another. Via such "fighting words," the lexicon of hermeneutical claims of fidelity to or apostasy from the Scriptures is pressed into service by authors who, like Tertullian in Carthage and Origen in Caesarea, craft careful apologetic and protreptic arguments to support the claim that for Christians "it is better to prefer a religious death to an irreligious life."
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Dawson, Beata, Pauline Joseph, and Erik Champion. "Evaluating User Experience of a Multimedia Storyteller Panorama Tour: The Story of the Markham Car Collection." Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 16, no. 3 (September 2020): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550190620940966.
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A storyteller panorama tour, The Story of the Markam Car Collection, was developed as an example for museums and cultural institutions concerning the use of panoramas combined with multimedia to tell stories of specific large objects (antique cars). It was designed for multiple platforms to involve and engage audiences via large curved screens while allowing for access via portable devices. Understanding users’ requirements is essential when designing and developing virtual museum tours. Measuring digital productions’ usability is an ongoing challenge that affects the improvement of user experience and the actual output. A variety of techniques and approaches are available to test digital productions’ usability and the related user experience. It is possible to measure and evaluate the production’s usefulness, including users’ engagement and understanding. However, the best method for assessing museum-related digital productions varies depending on aims, capacity, audience, and local context. In this paper, we demonstrate the strategy we employed to evaluate the particular storyteller panorama tour’s usability, user experience, engagement, and resulting audience understanding. The results of the evaluations showed that storyteller panorama tours could be an effective, attractive, and engaging storyteller method for cultural institutions. However, the findings also indicated that the users’ age, gender, and computer-related experience influence the use and enjoyment levels. We share our experiences and offer an example of how to evaluate a storyteller panorama tour. We believe that the presented evaluation strategy would be applicable to other museum-related projects, as well.
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Zhang, Yang, and Kuo-Hung Hsiao. "Traditional Chinese Yuekou locks." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-411-2020.
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Abstract. In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911 CE), the town of Yuekou, in Hubei Province, was an important and renowned lock production center. Yuekou locks produced there won high acclaim for their use of quality materials. Transported via water routes, they were marketed in other provinces in China and other Southeast Asian countries. Even today, Yuekou locks are the favorites of antique collectors. After the introduction of the Western-style pin tumbler lock in the 1950s, the popularity of traditional Chinese locks began to decline, and they disappeared from the market. Receiving no attention from people, they were forgotten. From 2009 to 2016, the research team visited Yuekou eight times to conduct field research and interview surviving locksmiths and their descendants, achieving significant results. There are six main types of Yuekou locks, including combination locks, regular locks, pull-back locks, maze locks, multi-stage locks, and hidden-keyhole locks. The crafting of Yuekou locks is conducted in four stages: material preparation, molding, shaping, and assembling. The entire process is operated manually. This work introduces the historical development of Yuekou locks, summarizes the verbatim interviews, explores the production of Yuekou locks, and analyzes the types and structures of Yuekou locks.
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Ricupero, Bernardo. "O que há de novo na nova história política de François-Xavier Guerra?" Almanack, no. 11 (December 2015): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-463320151114.
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Resumo O trabalho de François-Xavier Guerra tem sido tomado como um marco na renovação da historiografia política latino-americana. O artigo pretende avaliar até que ponto vai esta renovação, explorando as possibilidades e limites da sua investigação. Para realizar minha análise, sirvo-me fundamentalmente dos principais livros do historiador: México: del Antiguo Régimen a la Revolución (1985) e Modernidad e independencias: ensayos sobre las revoluciones hispánicas (1992). Ao fazer uso dos dois textos, quero indicar a relação entre as teses presentes neles, destacando como suas principais realizações são conceituais.
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Nyborg, Ebbe, Finn Surlyk, and Nicolas Thibault. "Provenance of Medieval atlantes in the Ribe Cathedral, Denmark, based on geological and palaeontological investigations." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 68 (March 13, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2020-68-02.
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An atlante is a corbel figure (or pillar support) sculpted in the form of a man carrying a heavy load. A group of well-preserved stone carved atlantes from c. 1250 carrying the vaults of the Ribe Cathedral in western Jylland, Denmark, represents the antique titan Atlas and are up to 150 cm high. Their obviously foreign origin has so far remained uncertain. The figures are made of a relatively soft, sandy limestone. A new nannofossil analysis of small chips of the chalky and sandy limestone narrows the age of the stone down to the late Campanian (Late Cretaceous). Upper Campanian sandy limestones of this type are exposed in the Münster Basin in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. The Campanian Baumberger Sandstein in this region fits well with the atlantes in terms of lithology and age and is the only possible provenance of the stone. Around 1250 the Baumberger Sandstein was used for baptismal fonts as far north as Ostfriesland at the Dutch-German border, and it is a novel finding of this investigation that it even reached Denmark. The stone was most likely floated along the rivers Lippe and Rhine and shipped via the Wadden Sea to Ribe. It is a remarkably long transport distance for historic commercial stone transportation in continental northern European art in the High Middle Ages.
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Schmid, Annina B., Kaustubh Adhikari, Luis Miguel Ramirez-Aristeguieta, Juan-Camilo Chacón-Duque, Giovanni Poletti, Carla Gallo, Francisco Rothhammer, Gabriel Bedoya, Andres Ruiz-Linares, and David L. Bennett. "Genetic components of human pain sensitivity: a protocol for a genome-wide association study of experimental pain in healthy volunteers." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e025530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025530.
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IntroductionPain constitutes a major component of the global burden of diseases. Recent studies suggest a strong genetic contribution to pain susceptibility and severity. Whereas most of the available evidence relies on candidate gene association or linkage studies, research on the genetic basis of pain sensitivity using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is still in its infancy. This protocol describes a proposed GWAS on genetic contributions to baseline pain sensitivity and nociceptive sensitisation in a sample of unrelated healthy individuals of mixed Latin American ancestry.Methods and analysisA GWAS on genetic contributions to pain sensitivity in the naïve state and following nociceptive sensitisation will be conducted in unrelated healthy individuals of mixed ancestry. Mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity will be evaluated with a battery of quantitative sensory tests evaluating pain thresholds. In addition, variation in mechanical and thermal sensitisation following topical application of mustard oil to the skin will be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the University College London research ethics committee (3352/001) and from the bioethics committee of the Odontology Faculty at the University of Antioquia (CONCEPTO 01–2013). Findings will be disseminated to commissioners, clinicians and service users via papers and presentations at international conferences.
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Sjostrom, Therese, Armando Maria Corsi, and Larry Lockshin. "What characterises luxury products? A study across three product categories." International Journal of Wine Business Research 28, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-05-2015-0017.
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Purpose – This study aims to test whether the attributes developed via qualitative or conceptual approaches link to the concept of luxury when measured using a quantitative approach. Given the critical role price has in the definition and identification of luxury products, this research measures whether the use of different attributes is exclusively associated with the highest price points in each category or whether there is some level of sharing with lower price points. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 431 respondents sociodemographically representative of the Australian population were screened for familiarity with the category and then randomly assigned to one of three product categories (wine, spirits and perfume). Best–worst scaling was used to measure the associations between different attributes and the concept of luxury, while the pick-any method was used to measure the association of different attributes to different price points. Findings – The findings are consistent across the three categories investigated, i.e. “premium quality”, “authentic/trustworthy brand” and “good brand reputation/status”, are much more associated with luxury than with regular brands. “Luxury”, “premium”, “antique/old vintage”, “limited production/edition” and “premium price” consistently cluster around the highest price point in each category, while the other attributes tested did not. Originality/value – Despite the plethora of research about attributes associated with the luxury concept, this is the first study attempting to measure the size of the association. The consistency of the results across the three product categories is encouraging in terms of the generalisability of the results for future research.
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Reyes, Angelico, Renato Dela Pena, Lourdes Fatima Sula, and Angelo Banares. "Histoprotective potentials of ethanol leaf extract of balakat tree (Ziziphus talanai (blanco) merr.) against tetracycline-induced hepatotoxicity and reprotoxicity in male mice (Mus musculus L.)." International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v4i2.6169.
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Hepatic dysfunction can develop due to ROS and lipid peroxide and may lead to primary liver cancer. Hepatic dysfunction may also develop from tetracycline, an antibiotic with a broad-spectrum of bacteriostatic mechanisms, as it can induce hepatotoxicity and reprotoxicity. In addition, liver tumors secrete hormones that can result to testicular atrophy. Thus, there is a need to address liver and testicular damage. Preliminary phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds with histoprotective potentials in Balakat tree (Ziziphus talanai), which is used in Antique against urinary tract infection. Twelve male mice were divided into four groups of three mice each. Treatments were administered via intragastric gavage technique for 30 days. T0 is the negative control group treated only with water at a dose level of 0.5 ml/20 g body weight (bw). T+ is the positive control group treated only with tetracycline at a dosage level of 0.5ml/20 g bw. T1 and T2 received 0.3 ml/20 g bw and 0.5 ml/20 g bw Z. talanai ethanol leaf extract, respectively.Histopathological evaluation revealed that T+ mice showed hepatotoxicity based on central vein rupture, fibrosis, vacuolations, cytoplasmic degeneration, lymphocyte infiltration, small amount of glycogen deposits and fibrous septa. Reprotoxicity was also observed as indicated by formation of irregularly shaped tubules, narrowing of tubule diameter, widening of the lumen, germinal epithelium exfoliation, reduction in tubules’ cross-sectional areas, absence of germ cell bundles and blood-testis barrier destruction. T1 and T2 mice showed normal liver and seminiferous tubule architectural design as compared to those of T+ mice. Thus, the Z. talanai leaf extract mitigated the hepatotoxicity and reprotoxicity effects of tetracycline causing an improvement in the hepatological and testicular parameters. The ethanolic leaf extract of Z. talanai (Blanco) Merr. Contains bioactive compounds with histoprotective potentials.
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Luis Salas, Jaume, Antoni Martínez Taberner, and Maria Isabel Riera Piña. "Proyecto paisajístico para un parque de depuración alternativa." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 42 (April 15, 2007): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2007.42.10.
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El Campus de la UIB, diseñado en su momento como una gran superficie en suelo rústico, tan sólo puede asumirse urbanísticamente con un esfuerzo de integración paisajística con el medio rural y natural de sus alrededores. Por otra parte el alejamiento del casco urbano hace que la ciudad no se beneficie satisfactoriamente de la presencia de la Universidad y que la propia vida universitaria se vea ajena a las actividades culturales de su ciudad. Para paliar esta situación se dispone de una parcela de 6838 m2 que puede actuar de parque periurbano y crear un punto de encuentro entre la vida universitaria y los ciudadanos. La parcela disponible penetra hasta el centro del Campus desde su lateral norte en donde se encuentra una pequeña zona húmeda pendiente de rehabilitación. Dentro de la parcela coinciden por una parte una antigua acequia islámica de extracción y conducción del agua de la llamada Font de la Vila. Esta acequia forma parte del patrimonio cultural del Campus. Paralelamente y en dirección opuesta se ha empezado la ejecución de un sistema de depuración alternativa de aguas residuales que acaba devolviendo el agua extraída del acuífero del campus a su zona húmeda de recarga. La visualización del paisaje proyectado debe facilitar la comprensión de la importancia de cerrar los ciclos biogeoquímicos, en este caso el ciclo del agua; debe ofrecer una visual desde el paisaje exterior del Campus hasta el centro mismo de este y debe ser capaz de integrar armónicamente los paisajes naturales, rurales y urbanos que coexisten en la zona.
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Loureiro de Andrade Orsi, Fernanda, and João Carlos Campos Guerra. "HIPERCOAGULABILIDADE, EVENTOS TROMBOEMBÓLICOS E ANTICOAGULAÇÃO NA COVID-19." Revista da Sociedade de Cardiologia do Estado de São Paulo 30, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29381/0103-8559/20203004462-71.
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O estado de hipercoagulabilidade da Covid-19, chamado de coagulopatia associada à Covid-19 (CAC), é um distúrbio da coagulação distinto da coagulação intravascular disseminada. Na Covid-19 observa-se a ativação da coagulação via resposta imunológica (imunotrombose) combinada com outros mecanismos pró-trombóticos, como estímulo ou lesão endotelial, ativação plaquetária, aumento da geração de trombina sem aumento do consumo de fatores de coagulação, hipofibrinólise resultante da ativação de mecanismos inibitórios e, em alguns casos, produção de anticorpos antifosfolípides. O conjunto de alte-rações fisiopatológicas da CAC é responsável pelo risco trombótico observado na Covid-19 e está associado à maior mortalidade da doença. Evidências clínicas sugerem que o risco de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes com Covid-19 é alto, aparentemente maior do que o de outros pacientes clínicos. A proporção estimada de pacientes hospitalizados com Covid-19 que terão TEV varia de 23% a 31%, sendo maior entre pacientes críticos hospita-lizados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). A profilaxia antitrombótica intra-hospitalar é indicada para todos os pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19; com exceção dos que têm alguma contraindicação para esse tratamento ou os que já fazem uso de terapia anticoa-gulante. O fármaco de escolha para a profilaxia é heparina de baixo peso molecular, em doses profiláticas ajustadas para o peso e função renal do paciente. Doses terapêuticas de heparina de baixo peso molecular são indicadas, preferencialmente, nos casos em que há confirmação de eventos trombóticos. Após a alta hospitalar, pacientes de alto risco devem ser avaliados quanto à manutenção da profilaxia por tempo estendido.
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Ndumele, Amara, Brenda Kostelecky, and John Flanigan. "Caribbean Cancer Control Leadership Forums." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 32s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009803.
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Abstract 61 Background: In May 2015, the US National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health (NCI/CGH) partnered with the American Cancer Society and the Healthy Caribbean Coalition to convene the Caribbean Cancer Control Leadership Forum (CCLF), with participating teams from five Caribbean countries: Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. The CCLF also included country representatives from Antigua, Dominica, Haiti, St Maarten, and Suriname. NCI/CGH convenes a regional CCLF to increase the capacity of participating countries to initiate or enhance cancer control planning and implementation. Country teams include four to six cancer control leaders, each of whom can positively influence their country’s ability to develop and implement a national cancer control plan (NCCP). Since 2015, several country teams have made substantive progress on their action plans and have continued communication with NCI/CGH and its partner, and other countries in the region have taken important steps toward developing NCCPs. NCI/CGH has recognized the utility in reconvening the country teams to further advance their cancer control planning goals, while providing additional technical assistance, mentorship, and networking opportunities. In May 2017, NCI/CGH and partners will host a 2-day phase II Caribbean CCLF as an opportunity for country teams to share progress and challenges, identify solutions, advance action related to development and implementation of NCCP, build country successes, and promote regional control partnership and collaboration via interactive panel sessions, roundtables, and action planning. Methods: The phase II CCLF will include four pre-CCLF webinars, information sharing discussions, adequate team preparation, and in-person interactive sessions and roundtables. Potential topics include: using cancer program toolkits and other data for decision-making; moving from pilot to scale-up phase for cervical cancer prevention and screening programs; and methods to develop registry and pathology infrastructure. Results and Conclusion: With this phase II CCLF, we are targeting the following outcomes: expanded knowledge of NCCP concepts tailored to an individual country’s needs; enhanced and attainable action plans to move forward the NCCP at the country level; and enriched regional collaboration between countries to overcome potential future planning challenges. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.
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Bérubé, K. A., T. P. Jones, D. G. Housley, and R. J. Richards. "The respiratory toxicity of airborne volcanic ash from the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 1 (February 2004): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046810170.
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AbstractThe Soufrière Hills stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat has been erupting since 18th July 1995. An enormous amount of respirable volcanic ash has been suspended into the atmosphere by the eruptions and wind re-suspension of deposited ash. The large amount of fine, airborne particulate matter, in particular the component 10 μm equivalent aerodynamic diameter (PM10), is a cause of medical concern. Airborne levels have frequently exceeded the UK environmental standard for PM10, (50 μg/m3), although it is noted that this standard was primarily set for urban PM10. The crystalline silica in the ash is mostly cristobalite, at reported levels up to 20%. The UK government’s Chief Medical Officer, referring to Montserrat, has suggested that long-term exposure to high levels of volcanic ash could lead to silicosis. These concerns have prompted government-funded investigations into the potential toxicity of well characterized volcanic ash samples from Montserrat. Given the well established toxicity of cristobalite, particular attention was paid to the amount of this mineral in the ash samples. Three ash samples were tested: (1) a vulcanian eruption ash, (2) ash released in a domecollapse pyroclastic flow, and (3) ash from a major vulcanian explosion that was wind-transported to, and deposited on, the neighbouring island of Antigua. Comparative toxicological studies were carried out on respirable preparations of these three samples together with appropriate control mineral dusts that matched the major components of the Montserrat samples: anorthite, labradorite, cristobalite/ obsidian and cristobalite. Alpha quartz (DQ12) was the positive control. All samples, including the controls, were characterized to establish particle-size distributions, particle morphologies, and to confirm the mineralogy. Rats were challenged with 1 mg via intratracheal instillation, and groups sacrificed at three time points (1, 3 and 9 weeks). Health assessment was made by examining endpoints of increasing lung damage such as inflammation, permeability (oedema), changes in epithelium, and increase in the size of broncho-thoracic lymph nodes. The data indicate that Montserrat respirable ash, derived from dome collapse pyroclastic flows or vulcanian explosions, has minimal acute bioreactivity in the lung. The feldspar standards showed low bioreactivity, in stark contrast to the cristobalite standard that showed progressive increases in lung damage. These results suggest that either the mass of cristobalite present in the Montserrat ash was insufficient to cause an effect in the lung, or the cristobalite in the ash was, for some as yet unknown reason, markedly less bioreactive than our pure cristobalite standard.
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Meier, Mischa. "The Roman Context of Early Islam." Millennium 17, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 265–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mill-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe article tries to contribute to a more concrete embedding of early Islam into the context of late antique, in particular late Roman history. It takes its starting point in a description of the phenomenon of liturgification as an overarching process of religious permeation and internalization that swept across Eastern Roman society since the second half of the sixth century and saved society from collapse. During the early seventh century, when the Romans suffered from immense territorial losses to the Persians, liturgification contributed to the survival of the Empire as well. Liturgification, however, radiated out into the territory of the immediate neighbors of the Romans, and thus also reached Arabia by various ways, not least via trade and military contacts, but probably above all through the mediation of the Ǧafnids, who energetically supported Christianization in their area of influence, which extended deep into the Arabian Peninsula. In this way, liturgification itself created the enabling space in which Islam could come into being. The restitutio crucis by Heraclius in Jerusalem, March 21, 630, then lent these developments concrete reference points and impetus. It should be viewed as the culmination of a process that was driven in turn by liturgification and characterized especially by the grave threats that the Eastern Roman-Byzantine Empire faced in its war against the Persians in the early decades of the seventh century. It led to a reconceptualization of the imperial monarchy, which now attributed a messianic quality to the emperor in a highly eschatologically charged context. The emperor, in turn, first effectively tapped the representational potential of this quality in the act of restoring the relics of the True Cross in Jerusalem in 630. This brought about a situation of messianic rivalry, since the rise of the Prophet Muhammad – which was made possible in turn by the penetration of liturgification into Arabian territory – was based on claims similar to those that Heraclius had claimed for himself. The first attacks on Byzantine outposts in the years 629/30 may have been a direct response to the emperor’s self-representation in Jerusalem. They were the beginning of the Muslim armies’ excursions beyond the Arabian Peninsula and thus the beginning of the great Muslim-Arabian Empire that would come into being in the ensuing century. Against this background, the restitutio crucis proves to be vitally important as a turning point in developments both within the Byzantine Empire and beyond its borders.
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Stucchi, Marcelo, and Steven D. Emslie. "A New Condor (Ciconiiformes, Vulturidae) from the Late Miocene/Early Pliocene Pisco Formation, Peru." Condor 107, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.1.107.
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AbstractWe report the oldest fossil condor (Vulturidae) from South America and the first from the Pisco Formation (14.0–2.0 Ma) of Peru, described herein as Perugyps diazi new genus and species. The Pisco Formation, exposed on the southern coast of Peru, has produced well-preserved and abundant marine and terrestrial vertebrate fossils from the late Miocene/early Pliocene (6.0–4.5 Ma) Montemar and Sacaco Sur localities, from where P. diazi was recovered. The new condor adds to our knowledge on the evolution and biogeographic distribution of New World vultures. The age of this new species supports the hypothesis that condors probably evolved in North America and entered South America by the late Miocene/early Pliocene. We believe it is likely that the first condors to reach South America probably did so via a coastal corridor along the western side of the Andes where they became part of the diverse coastal fauna in southern Peru.Un Nuevo Cóndor (Ciconiiformes, Vulturidae) del Mioceno Tardío-Plioceno Temprano de la Formación Pisco, PerúResumen. Se reporta el cóndor más antiguo de América del Sur y el primero para la Formación Pisco (14–2 Ma), y se describe como Perugyps diazi. De esta formación, situada en la costa sur del Perú, provienen gran cantidad de aves marinas en muy buen estado de conservación, en especial de los niveles Montemar y Sacaco Sur (Mioceno tardío/Plioceno temprano, 6.0–4.5 Ma), justamente de donde procede Perugyps. Este nuevo cóndor añade importante información sobre la evolución y distribución biogeográfica de estas aves, pues su edad apoya la hipótesis de que los cóndores probablemente evolucionaron en América del Norte y entraron a América del Sur entre el Mioceno tardío y el Plioceno temprano. Sugerimos que su llegada pudo realizarse por el corredor costero del lado occidental de los Andes, en donde pasaron a formar parte de la diversa fauna del sur del Perú.
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Nasiłowski, Kazimierz. "Opinia Rufina o władzy kapłańskiej i sakramentach." Prawo Kanoniczne 32, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1989): 157–268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1989.32.3-4.07.
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De sacratmentis tempore ordinationis relativae, quae vocatur, extra Ecclesiam celebratis tres sunt usque ad diem hodiexnum doctorum sentenitiae, quae - u t plura non dicam - ita ex primi possunt: Alii affirmant Ecclesiae catholicae hac in re traditionem simplicem fuisse eam que traddtioni hodiernae similem. Illius enim temporis Ecclesia sacramenta in eiusd m forma foris celebrata vera esse docebat ad eorundem vim internam quod aitinet.
Alii vero contrarium affirmant dicentes Ecclesiam docuisse sacramenta extra eam celebrata prorsus nulla esse. Alii denique dicunt Ecclesiae illius temporis traditionem variam et diversam fuisse atque inconstantem et vacillantem: sacramenta enim foris celebrata aliquando vera, aliquando autem prorsus nulla agnoscebantur.
Omnes, quas dixi, opiniones Decreto Gratiani fulciuntur aut fulciri conantur auctoritatum periodi ordinationis relativae collection amplissima. Tota tamen haec collectio recta ratione ac via numquam examinata est. Igitur omnino recte dicit Sohm Decretum Gratiani librum esse septem sigillis occlusum ita doctis temporis recentioris , ut doctis exeuntis saeculi duodecimi, eumque usque in diem hodiernum non apertum manere ad intelligendum. Idcirco mirum non est, si his de causis omnium illarum opinionum fautoribus argumenta desint ad eas accurate probandas apta.
His etiam de causis ceterisque multis Decretum Gratiani longae inquisitioni nobis erat. Quae autem ex inquisitione hac efficiuntur in foliis trimestribus, quibus titulus Prawo Kanoniczne (Ius Canonicum ), annis 1980-1985 et 1988 partim edita sunt. Ibi primam ex enumerates opinionem rectam, dmas autem ceteras prorsus falsas esse probavimus longaevam illam depotestate sacerdotali et vi sacramentorum foris celebratorum controversiam dirimentes.
Hoc modo ad quaestionem ventum est de falsarum illarum opinionum fonte atque origine. Et apparuit primum sententiae auctorem, utriusque, quam diximus, falisae opinionis similis, Rufinum fuisse, cuius cuncta de potestate sacerdotali et sacramentis doctrina in disputatione nunc edita explicata est. Singulis autem disputationis huius partibus tituli sunt hii: I. De potestate sacerdotali eiusque fundamentis - A. De potestatesacramentali et potestate non sacramentali - 1. De potestatis sacerdotalis distinctione - a. De significatione nominis „usus o fficii” - b. De potestatis sacerdotalis fundamentis exemplo potestatis iudicis illustratis - 2. De antiquae artis vocabulis a decretistis simpliciori modo reddendis - B. De officiis ordinum et officiis administrationis - C. De ordinatione et institutione - D. De ordinatione et licentia ordinem exsequeindi - E. De primatu potestatis Romani Pontificis - 1. Rufini sententia - 2. De primatus fundamentis - F. De rigoris et misericordiae regulis - II. De sacramentis - A. De sacramentis dignitatis - 1. D e ordinatione sine titulo et ordinatione a non suo episcopo facta — 2. De ordinatione ab episcopis haereticis facta - a. De significatione auctoiritatis Urbani II a Rufino explicatae - b. De significtione auctoritatis Innocenti I a Rufino exiplicatae - c. De Rufini opinione cum Gratiani sententia comparata - 3. De ordine ab episcopis excommunicatis collato — B. De sacramemtis necessitatis et desacramentis necessitatis simul et dignitatis — 1. De baptismo - 2. De confirmatione et Eucharistia - C. De Rufino opinionis auctore de nulla vi sacramentorum ab aliquibus haereticis vel excomuniicatis celebratorum.
Ea vero, quae ex disputatione hac perspicua sunt, paucis ita exprimi possunt: Rufinuse vocabulorum nominum atque notionum, in auctoritatibus Decreti Gratianei contentarum, explicationes permultas posuit easque non solum simplices, sed etiam binas vel ternas. Item Gratianeam potestatum sacerdotalium notionem simpliciorem latius expdicavit atque earundem potestatum varia fundamenta deserte indicavit. Et in his eisque similibus Rufinus laudandus est. Attamen aliquarum Decreti Gratia ni auctoritatum earumque maioris momenti falsam ponens explicationem, et non satis attendens rectam dicendi rationem ac viam Gratiani, eiusdem verae sententiae Rufinus propriam eamque falsam opposuit opinionem, de nullis videlicet sacramentis ab aliquibus haereticis foris celebratiis. Et in hoc Rufinus non minimam reprehensionem meretur. Indicavimus etiam omnium sive antiquorum sive rece ntiorum Decreti Gratiani explanatorum, similem de sacramentis sententiam affirmantium, principem atque patrem quedam Rufinum esse.
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Machado, Denise Lenise, Alice Poche Gabriel, and João Pedro Capeleto Massia. "O trabalho da mulher do campo a partir da perspectiva da educação ambientalThe work of rural women from the perspective of environmental educationEl trabajo de la mujer del campo desde la perspectiva de la educación ambiental." REMEA - Revista Eletrônica do Mestrado em Educação Ambiental, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/remea.v0i1.8568.
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A mulher, desde as sociedades antigas, foi marginalizada, tratada como inferior, de domínio masculino, sem acesso ao conhecimento, considerada incapaz de raciocinar e participar de esferas sociais, políticas e intelectuais. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a sociedade moderna e o papel da mulher na perspectiva da educação ambiental. Dando ênfase ao trabalho realizado pela mulher do campo, ao verificar sua contribuição na busca de uma sociedade mais igualitária a partir da equidade de gênero, e desta forma, busca-se alternativas para a conscientização da sociedade sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável. Afirma-se que o papel desempenhado pela mulher vai muito além do ser mãe e dona de casa, sendo detentora de diversos conhecimentos e protagonista em diversas lutas elencadas pela sociedade.
The woman, since former societies, was marginalized, treated as inferior, of male domination, without access to knowledge, considered unable of ratiocinate and participate in social, political or intelectual spheres. In this sense, the work aims to think about the modern society and the women’s role from the environmental education perspective. Giving emphasis the work realized by the woman in rural area, checking his contribution in the search of a more egalitarian society from gender equity, thus looking-for alternatives to awareness of society about sustainable development. It is states that the role performed by the woman is bigger than be a mother or a housewife, being the owner of knowledge and protagonist in various struggles highlighted by society.
La mujer, desde las sociedades antiguas, fue marginada, tratada como inferior, de dominio masculino, sin acceso al conocimiento, considerada incapaz de raciocinar y participar de esferas sociales, políticas e intelectuales. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la sociedad moderna y el papel de la mujer en la perspectiva de la educación ambiental. Dando énfasis al trabajo realizado por la mujer del campo, al verificar su contribución en la búsqueda de una sociedad más igualitaria a partir de la equidad de género, y de esta forma, se buscan alternativas para la concientización de la sociedad sobre el desarrollo sostenible. Se afirma que el papel desempeñado por la mujer va mucho más allá del ser madre y ama de casa, siendo poseedora de diversos conocimientos y protagonista en diversas luchas enumeradas por la sociedad.
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Fiore, Martine Marie, and Ian J. Mackie. "Molecular weight-Dependent Mechanism of Heparin Neutralization by Platelet factor 4." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2017.2017.
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Abstract Heparins which contain both a specific pentasaccharide sequence and a protease binding site accelerate antithrombin inactivation of both thrombin and factor Xa (fXa). The bridging effect due to binding of AT and protease to heparin-which is dominating for thrombin- also participates in fXa inhibition. To address the hypothesis that the calcium-dependent bridging effect by heparin is an essential contributor of protease inhibition, we compared the ability of the heparin-neutralizing agent Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) to inhibit various therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) in a kinetic assay. LMWH were in order of increasing chain-length; Bemiparin, Enoxaparin, Dalteparin and Tinzaparin. As a reference, the activity of the pentasaccharide Fondaparinux was included. Upon neutralization by PF4, the second-order rate constant describing AT inactivation of fXa by LMWH was 4-fold higher for the pentasaccharide (k2 = 3.8 x 105 M−1 s−1) vs the longer chain LMWH Tinzaparin (k2 = 1.0 x 105 M−1 s−1) and about 2-fold higher for the short-chain Bemiparin ( k2 = 2.4 x 105 M−1 s−1) vs Tinzaparin, in agreement with reports showing higher anti-fXa peak for administered short-chain LMWH. These results could be explained by neutralization coefficients by PF4 and apparent affinities of PF4 for various LMWH which increased with molecular weight, indicating a relationship between the affinity of PF4 for heparin and its neutralizing capacity. The molecular weight-enhanced neutralization was also reminiscent of earlier observations that PF4 binding to heparin followed the same chain length requirement as binding of protease. In contrast to PF4, protamine sulphate fully neutralized LMWH in a non-specific manner and EDTA, abolished the calcium-dependent acceleration of the fXa-AT reaction, indicating that the bridging mechanism contributed to LMWH activity. In fact, as LMWH (Dalteparin) concentration was increased (0.05-0.8 U/ml), neutralization by PF4 decreased from 100 % to 35 %, a consequence of the template cofactor mechanism by heparin. Within a low range of LMWH concentration (<0.2 U/ml), excess AT over PF4 (4:1) had no effect on PF4 activity, indicating that PF4 and AT binding to LMWH were independent of each other. Instead, increasing enzyme concentration reversed the negative effect of heparin-bound AT on neutralization. Indeed, neutralization by PF4 of the fXa-AT reaction increased from 5 % to 55 % using fXa concentrations varying from 1 to 10 nM while neutralization of the thrombin-AT reaction required thrombin concentrations varying from 0.2 nM to 1.5 nM to obtain a similar level of neutralization than in the fXa-AT reaction. This was corroborated by saturation plots by PF4 which showed an increased apparent affinity of PF4 for LMWH as the enzyme concentration was increased in both fXa-AT and thrombin- AT reactions, although lower concentrations of thrombin were required to enhance PF4 affinity. Altogether the results suggested that heparin mediated an interaction of PF4 with protease which was of higher affinity in the presence of thrombin. Therefore, PF4 contributes to LMWH pharmacokinetics by specifically targeting the bridging function of heparin (via enzyme-PF4 interference of enzyme-AT interaction) and participates in the antifXa dependence of LMWH that remains after a major effect on the antithrombin activity.
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Marchant Rivera, Alicia. "Fuentes documentales para un esbozo del arte sartorial: sastres de príncipes, reyes y nobles en la Corona de Castilla en los inicios de la Modernidad." Vínculos de Historia. Revista del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh_2019.08.15.
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RESUMENCon el presente trabajo se pretende, sobre el soporte bibliográfico que registra la trayectoria del gremio sartorial, aportar un enfoque inédito proporcionado por las fuentes archivísticas y documentales para la época: la identificación, relación y análisis de la función ejercida por los sastres de los reyes y de aquellos vinculados al estamento nobiliario en la horquilla cronológica seleccionada, comprendida entre los años 1450 y 1615, fecha del primer y último documento trabajados en este sentido. Esta línea de investigación nos permitirá descubrir desde individuos con deseos de medrar en la escala social, como los sastres andantes y estantes en corte, hasta un subgrupo más consolidado marcado por la continua insatisfacción de las deudas por parte de la nobleza. Secciones archivísticas como el Registro General del Sello, Cámara de Castilla, Registro de Ejecutorias o Consejo de Estado, pertenecientes a variados archivos estatales españoles, nos servirán para proporcionar una nutrida nómina, en relación diacrónica, de los sastres vinculados a la Corona castellana en este periodo. Por otro lado, se destacará el proteccionismo regio hacia la figura de este artesano cercano a las élites de poder, ejemplificándolo en figuras concretas. Finalmente se apuntarán las posibilidades de la documentación analizada para conocer en profundidad, y de la mano de fuentes históricas primarias, aspectos de la historia del vestido regio y del de los empleados de la corte.PALABRAS CLAVE: sastres, reyes, nobles, Corona de Castilla, 1450-1615ABSTRACTThe aim of the present work is, on the basis of the literature that records the trajectory of the sartorial profession, to offer a new approach provided by the archival and documentary sources of the time: the identification, relation and analysis of the function exerted by tailors to kings and to those linked to the nobility. This line of research will allow us to discover people ranging from individuals seeking to climb the social ladder, such as tailors living at the court, to a more consolidated subgroup marked by the continued non-payment of debts by the nobility. Archival sections such as the General Registry of the Seal, Chamber of Castile, Registry of Executives or Council of State, belonging to various Spanish state archives, will provide us with a long list, in diachronic terms, of the tailors linked to the Castilian Crown between 1450 and 1615, the dates of the first and last documents used for this purpose. Furthermore, I shall highlight royal protectionism vis-à-vis the figure of this craftsman close to the elites, offering specific examples. Finally, I shall refer to the potential of the documentation analysed to explore in depth, and via primary historical sources, aspects of the history of royal attire and that of court employees.KEY WORDS: tailors, kings, nobles, Crown of Castile, 1450-1615 BIBLIOGRAFÍAAlcega, J. de, Tratado de Geometría, Práctica y Traza, el cual trata de lo tocante al oficio de sastre…, Valladolid, Maxtor, 2009.Alvar Ezquerra, A., El nacimiento de una capital europea: Madrid entre 1561 y 1609, Madrid, Turner, 1989.Baleztena Abarrategui, J., “Ordenanzas contra los sastres que tuvieren paños faltosos (1533)”, Cuadernos de etnología y etnografía de navarra, 74 (1999), pp. 563-570.Bello León, J. M., y Hernández Pérez, M. B., “Una embajada inglesa a la corte de los Reyes Católicos y su descripción en el ‘Diario’ de Roger Machado”, En la España medieval, 26 (2003), pp. 167-202.Bouza Brey, F., “Historia de la cofradía gremial de sastres de Santiago de Compostela”, Revista Compostellanum, 7 (1962), pp. 569-620.Carretero Rubio, V., La artesanía textil y del cuero en Málaga (1487-1525), Málaga, Cedma, 1996.Comisión Internacional de Diplomática, Folia Caesaraugustana I (normas de transcripción y edición de documentos), Zaragoza, CSIC, Institución Fernando el Católico, 1984.Domínguez Ortiz, A., “Madrid de villa a corte”, en Historia y documentos notariales, Madrid, 16-2 (1992), pp. 263-279.Falcón Pérez, M. I., “Sobre la industria del vestido en Zaragoza en el siglo XV: las ordenanzas de la cofradía de sastres, calceteros y juboneros”, Aragón en la Edad Media, 12 (1995), pp. 241-266.Fernández García, J., “La consideración social de los sastres en la tradición asturiana: (poesía popular y paremiología)”, en Polledo Arias, A. C. (coord.), Fiestas Balesquida, Oviedo, 2012, pp. 89-103.Francisco Olmos, J. M. de, “La evolución de los cambios monetarios en el reinado de Isabel la Católica según las cuentas del tesorero Gonzalo de Baeza”, En la España medieval, 21 (1998), pp. 115-142.Gestoso Pérez, J. y Fernández Gómez, M., Noticia histórico-descriptiva del antiguo pendón de la ciudad de Sevilla y de la bandera de la Hermandad de los sastres, Sevilla, Área de Cultura, 1999.Gómez de Valenzuela, M., “La regla de la cofradía jaquesa de sastres, bajo la advocación de San Lorenzo (1602)”, Argensola: Revista de CC. Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses, 113 (2003), pp. 315-328.González Arce, J. D., “De la corporación al gremio. La cofradía de sastres, jubeteros y tundidores burgaleses en 1485”, Studia historica. Historia medieval, 25 (2007), pp. 191-219.González Arce, J. D., La casa y corte del príncipe don Juan (1478-1497): economía y etiqueta en el palacio del hijo de los Reyes Católicos, Sevilla, Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales, 2016.González Marrero, M. del C., “Un vestido para cada ocasión: la indumentaria de la realeza bajomedieval como instrumento para la afirmación, la imitación y el boato. El ejemplo de Isabel I de Castilla”, Cuadernos del CEMyR, 22 (2015), pp. 155-194.Haldón Reina, J. F., “Aproximación histórico-artística a la antigua Hermandad de Nuestra Señora de los reyes del gremio de sastres”, en Roda Peña, J. (coord.), II Semana de estudios Medievales, Nájera, 2009, pp.155-190.Juárez-Almendros, E., “Don Quijote y la moda: El legado de Carmen Bernis”, Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America, 24.1 (2004), pp. 137-142.López García, J. M., El impacto de la corte en Castilla: Madrid y su territorio en la época moderna, Madrid, siglo XXI de España, 1998.Marchant Rivera, A., “Los sastres en los Procesos de fe del tribunal de distrito de la Inquisición de Toledo (1483-1597)”, Documenta & Instrumenta, 12 (2014), pp. 95-116.Martínez Carreño, A., “Sastres y modistas: notas alrededor de la historia del traje en Colombia”, Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico, vol. 28, n. 28 (1991), pp. 61-76.Mediero Velasco, M. I., “El impacto de la corte sobre la villa de Madrid”, Pasea por Madrid: historia, turismo cultural y tiempo libre, 7 (2015), pp. 39-57.Monner Sans, R., De sastres: entretenimiento paremiológica, Talleres de la Casa Jacobo Peuser, 1909.Nieto Sánchez, J. A., “La conflictividad laboral en Madrid durante el siglo XVII: el gremio de sastres”, en Actas del I Congreso de jóvenes Geógrafos e Historiadores, 1995, pp. 283-289.Nieto Sánchez, J. A., Artesanos y mercaderes: una historia social y económica de Madrid (1450-1850), Madrid, Fundamentos, 2006.Nombela Rico, J. M., Auge y decadencia en la España de los Austrias: la manufactura textil de Toledo en el siglo XVI, Toledo, Ayuntamiento, 2003.Puerta Escribano, R. de la, “Los avatares del asociacionismo de los artífices del vestir en la Valencia Moderna”, en Prats, L. (coord.), Estudios en homenaje a la Profesora Teresa Puente, vol. 2, Valencia, 1996, pp. 481-495.Puerta Escribano, R. de la, Historia del gremio de sastres y modistas en Valencia: del siglo XIII al siglo XX, Valencia, Ayuntamiento, 1997.Puñal Fernández, T., Los artesanos de Madrid en la Edad Media (1200-1474), Madrid, UNED, 2000.Reguera Ramírez, R., “Costureras versus sastres. También una cuestión de género”, El Pajar: Cuaderno de etnografía canaria, 25 (2008), pp. 110-116.Rodríguez Plaza, M. Á., “Ordenanzas del gremio de sastres de Plasencia. Año 1795”, Revista de estudios extremeños, vol. 71, n. 2 (2015), pp. 1115-1136.Salazar y Castro, L., Pruebas de la historia de la casa de Lara sacadas de los instrumentos por…, Madrid, Imprenta Real, 1694, p. 102.Sanchís Llorens, R., “El offici de sastres y calcetters de Alcoy”, en Primer Congreso de Historia del País Valenciano: celebrado en Valencia del 14 al 18 de abril de 1971, vol. 3, Valencia, 1976, pp. 201-208.Vaamonde Lores, C., “La cofradía de los sastres de Betanzos”, Boletín de la Real Academia Galega, 46 (1911), pp. 244-251.Zofío Llorente, J. C., “Reproducción social y artesanos. Sastres, curtidores y artesanos de la madera madrileños en el siglo XVII”, Hispania: Revista española de Historia, 71/237 (2011), pp. 87-120.Zofío Llorente, J. C., Gremios y artesanos en Madrid, 1550-1650: la sociedad de trabajo en una ciudad cortesana preindustrial, Madrid, CSIC, 2005.
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Procópio de Oliveira Santos, Pedro Paulo. "Elementos Folkcomunicacionais no Discurso do ex-Presidente Lula: Um Registro Histórico do Brasil Ovacionado nas Páginas de The Economist." Revista Internacional de Folkcomunicação 19, no. 42 (July 2, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/rif.v.19.i42.0007.
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O presente estudo visa a discutir um registro histórico do Brasil, com base em um olhar elogioso e mesmo eufórico, a seu respeito no jornal britânico The Economist durante o segundo mandato do ex-Presidente Lula. O veículo é considerado por economistas e especialistas do mercado financeiro de todo o mundo como a bíblia do liberalismo mundial; com essa “marca” The Economist vai do pânico com a iminente vitória do ex-líder sindical em 2002 ao entusiasmo com a postura do ex-Chefe de Estado da maior potência econômica latino-americana em menos de uma década! Este paper, com alicerce teórico envolto pela análise de discurso e por importantes aspectos folkcomunicacionais, faz um retorno a um passado histórico recente, no entanto, extremamente distante da realidade brasileira atual, na qual a crise permeia diversos setores e a linguagem folk, leve, pacífica deu lugar ao discurso do “negacionismo” face a demandas sociais de ordem emergencial, como é o caso da fome, do emprego, da saúde pública. Por fim, o que foi “marolinha” na economia do Governo Lula, se transformando em elogios e exemplo para todo o planeta, parece hoje um longínquo registro histórico. É o referido registro que ora se apresenta, envolvendo o discurso como o eixo central da imagem folk de um ex-presidente brasileiro que trouxe elogios e euforia ao seu país.
Brasil; Folkcomunicação; Lula; The Economist.
The present study aims to discuss a historical record of Brazil, based on a complimentary and even euphoric look, about it in the British newspaper The Economist during the second term of former President Lula. The vehicle is regarded by economists and financial market experts from around the world as the bible of world liberalism; with this "brand" The Economist goes from panic with the imminent victory of the former union leader in 2002 to enthusiasm for the former Head of State of Latin America's greatest economic power house in less than a decade! This paper, with theoretical foundation surrounded by discourse analysis and important folkcommunicational aspects, makes a return to a recent historical past, however, extremely distant from the current Brazilian reality, in which the crisis permeates various sectors and the folk language, light, peaceful gave way to the discourse of "denialism" in the face of social demands of emergency order, as is the case of hunger , employment, public health. Finally, what was "marolinha" in the economy of the Lula Government, turning into praise and example for the whole planet, today seems a distant historical record. It is the aforementioned record that now presents itself, involving the speech as the central axis of the folk image of a former Brazilian president who brought praise and euphoria to his country.
Brazil; Folkcommunication; Lula; The Economist.
El presente estudio pretende discutir un registro histórico de Brasil, basado en una mirada complementaria e incluso eufórica, al respecto en el diario británico The Economist durante el segundo mandato del expresidente Lula. El vehículo es considerado por economistas y expertos en mercados financieros de todo el mundo como la biblia del liberalismo mundial; con esta "marca" The Economist pasa del rey del pánico con la inminente victoria del ex líder sindical en 2002 al entusiasmo por la antigua casa de poder económico del ex Jefe de Estado de América Latina en menos de una década. Este trabajo, con fundamento teórico rodeado de análisis del discurso y aspectos folclóricos importantes, hace un retorno a un pasado histórico reciente, sin embargo, extremadamente distante de la realidad brasileña actual, en la que la crisis impregna diversos sectores y el lenguaje popular, ligero, pacífico dio paso al discurso del "negacionismo" frente a las demandas sociales del orden de emergencia, como es el caso del hambre , empleo, salud pública. Finalmente, lo que fue "marolinha" en la economía del Gobierno de Lula, convirtiéndose en elogios y ejemplo para todo el planeta, hoy parece un registro histórico lejano. Es el mencionado registro que ahora se presenta, que involucra el discurso como eje central de la imagen popular de un ex presidente brasileño que trajo elogios y euforia a su país.
Brasil; Folkcomunicación; Lula; The Economist.
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Hitchner, R. Bruce. "M. DE VOS RAAIJMAKERS and R. ATTOUI , RUS AFRICUM: TOME I. LE PAYSAGE RURAL ANTIQUE AUTOUR DE DOUGGA ET TÉBOURSOUK: CARTOGRAPHIE, RELEVÉS ET CHRONOLOGIE DES ÉTABLISSEMENTS (Bibliotheca archaeologica 30). Bari: Edipuglia, 2013. Pp. 413, illus., maps, plans + CD-ROM. isbn 9788872287033. €70.00. - M. DE VOS RAAIJMAKERS , R. ATTOUI and A. BATTISTI in collaboration with M. BOEIJEN , RUS AFRICUM: TOME II. LE PAYSAGE RURAL ANTIQUE AUTOUR DE DOUGGA: L'AQUEDUC AÏN HAMMAM-THUGGA, CARTOGRAPHIE ET RELEVÉS (Bibliotheca archaeologica 34). Bari: Edipuglia, 2013. Pp. 300, illus., maps, plans. isbn 9788872287286. €70.00. - M. DE VOS RAAIJMAKERS and R. ATTOUI in collaboration with A. BATTISTI , RUS AFRICUM: TOME III. LA VIA A KARTHAGINE THEVESTEM, SES MILLIARES ET LE RÉSEAU ROUTIER RURAL DE LA REGION DE DOUGGA ET TÉBOURSOUK (Bibliotheca archaeologica 37). Bari: Edipuglia. 2015. Pp. 153, illus., maps, plans. isbn 9788872287651. €50.00." Journal of Roman Studies 106 (June 13, 2016): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075435816000472.
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Bassett, Sarah E. "Sant’Apollinare Nuovo and its afterlife, and Roman and late-antique domus at Ravenna - EMANUELA PENNI IACCO, LA BASILICA DI S. APOLLINARE NUOVO DI RAVENNA ATTRAVERSO I SECOLI (Studi e Scavi nuova serie 8, Alma Mater Studiorum, Dipt. di Archeologia, Università di Bologna; Ante Querm, Bologna2004). Pp. 180, figs. 155, color pls. 22. ISBN 88-7849-003-2. - GIOVANNA MONTEVECCHI (a cura di), testi di I. BALDINI LIPPOLIS, C. LEONI, M. LIBRENTI, M. G. MAIOLI, G. MONTEVECCHI, C. NEGRELLI, M. PIANCASTELLI, bilingual edition [Italian-English] translation by ELENA MARIA BATTISTA and OLIVER BAILEY, ARCHEOLOGIA URBANA A RAVENNA. LA “DOMUS DEI TAPPETI DI PIETRA’. IL COMPLESSO ARCHEOLOGICO DI VIA D’AZEGLIO (Longo Editore, Ravenna2004). Pp. 181, figs. 184 including many in colour. ISBN 88-8063-418-6." Journal of Roman Archaeology 19 (2006): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400007121.
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Beukes, Johann. "Vanaf Ockham na Kusa: Die ensiklopediese aanspraak van ‘n ‘post-skolastiek’ in die Middeleeuse filosofie." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 68, no. 1 (January 11, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v68i1.1134.
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From Ockham to Cusa: The encyclopaedic case for ‘post-scholasticism’ in Medieval philosophy. This article argues for the encyclopaedic recognition of ‘post-scholasticism’, indicating the very last and complex period (circa 1349–1464) in late Medieval philosophy, where the via moderna and logica modernorum have clearly departed from the fundamental premises of high scholasticism, the via antiqua and the logica novus, as manifested in the work of William of Ockham (and, eventually, in the political theory of Marsilius of Padua). The article argues that post-scholasticism should be distinguished from late scholasticism (exiting Ockham) and early Renaissance philosophy (entering Nicholas of Cusa). The article indicates that there is a tendency in many introductions to and secondary texts in Medieval philosophy to proceed straight from Ockham to Cusa (the ‘very last Medieval and very first Renaissance philosopher’), understating more than a century of pertinent Medieval scholarship. In the modern encyclopaedia of philosophy, this understatement manifests in either a predating of Renaissance philosophy to close the gap between Ockham and Cusa as far as possible, or in understating this period as philosophically sterile, or in, without argument, simply proceeding straight from Ockham to Cusa. The article covers some of the essential philosophical contributions presented during this fragile philosophical-historical period, indicating that post-scholasticism is indeed a difficult and complex, yet productive period in the history of late Medieval philosophy, which should not be bypassed as a trivial gateway to either Renaissance philosophy or early modernity as such, but valued for its own idiosincracies, intricacies and overall contribution to the history of ideas in philosophy and theology.
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Kiilerich, Bente. "Chromatic Variation in Late Antique Rainbows." CLARA 7 (April 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/clara.8747.
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Depictions of rainbows in late antique and early Byzantine art follow the normal sequence of the spectral colours, only some bows exclude blue and violet. Another characteristic feature of the late antique rainbow is the inclusion of white and the non-spectral hue pink. In order to investigate chromatic characteristics, I use as case studies the comparatively few extant rainbow images of third- to sixth-century date from Thessaloniki, Constantinople, Rome and Ravenna. The rainbows, depicted in a floor mosaic, three illuminated manuscripts and three monumental wall mosaic decorations, are either part of narratives or rainbow-patterned borders used to frame other scenes. To throw light on the chromatic variations, ancient descriptions of rainbows are brought into the discussion and the representations are seen in relation to meteorological research. I propose that the late antique rainbow images follow two visual traditions, both of which can be traced back to the Hellenistic period and both of which are grounded in scientific research. One is the sunrise/sunset rainbow that ranges from red to green. I argue that the exclusion of blue/violet may be due to its being more difficult to see against the sky, the wavelength of violet being closest to the boundary beyond which coloured light tends to look black. The variant type, found especially in the church mosaics, covers the whole spectrum from red via green to violet as well as pink and white. I suggest that the non-spectral pink hues can be understood as the gradations of red that can sometimes be observed in the natural bow and that the white band provides highlight, which combined with a silver line indicates a strong luminance.
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Gómez Arciniegas, Carlos Humberto. "EL REDESCUBRIMIENTO DE UNA CIUDAD SECRETA: MATERA (ITALIA), CAPITAL EUROPEA DE LA CULTURA 2019." Revista M 16 (January 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/rev.m.v16i0.2476.
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Matera, antigua ciudad del sur de Italia, se encuentra en la Región de Basilicata. Conocida con los nombres de “Città dei Sassi” y “Città Sotterranea”, es famosa en todo el mundo por los distritos históricos llamados “Sassi”, áreas con un extraordinario acervo histórico y cultural que hacen de Matera una de las ciudades habitadas más antiguas del mundo. Aunque los Sassi fueron reconocidos por la UNESCO como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, primer sitio en el sur de Italia en recibir este reconocimiento, Matera es una ciudad por redescubrir, tal como lo han hecho algunos directores de famosas películas, como El Evangelio según San Mateo de Pier Paolo Pasolini (1964) o la Pasión de Cristo de Mel Gibson (2004). En efecto, la ciudad es un escenario al aire libre con un enorme acervo cultural e histórico que le permitieron que fuese designada, junto con Plovdiv (Bulgaria), Capital Europea de la Cultura para 2019. Es esta la esencia de este artículo, el cual pone inicialmente sobre la mesa las características que se requieren para que una ciudad sea reconocida como Capital Europea de la Cultural. Posteriormente, se concentra en los bienes naturales y construidos de Matera para concluir con una serie de reflexiones sobre las potencialidades del patrimonio histórico y los retos que se deben afrontar para lograr un desarrollo sostenible sin que este se vea cercenado.
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Cannon, P. F. "Phyllachora acaciae var. acaciae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 114 (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401133.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A description is provided for Phyllachora acaciae var. acaciae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Acacia acuifera, A. amentacea, A. coriophylla, A. farnesiana, A. gerrardii, A. macracantha, A. nilotica, A. nilotica subsp. indica, A. robusta, A. sieberiana, A. tortilis subsp. spirocarpa, A. tortuosa, A. unijuga, A. verrucigera, A. wrightii, Acacia sp. ;? Mimosa sp., Pithecellobium sophorocarpum. DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves and petioles. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Honduras, Kenya, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Puerto Rico, South Africa, South Yemen, Sudan, Tanzania, USA (Florida, Texas), Uganda, Venezuela, Virgin Islands. TRANSMISSION: Presumably via wind dispersal of ascospores; no research is available.
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"Fredkin Gates Based Testable Reversible Shift Registers." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 11S2 (October 26, 2019): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k1025.09811s219.
Full textAbstract:
in this paper, we recommend the connection of testable skip registers counting on conformist purpose passages. The proposed detour registers trouble to coordinate protection gateways can play out the flow registers located out in antique fashion entries to the quantity testability. Any reduction lower once more to convey down some unique time circuit situation to those slight method of thinking doors is probably preferred for normal unidirectional stuck-at deficiencies making use of awesome take a look at vectors. those are all of the 1s, and all of the 0s. The systems of vectors testable skip registers are common. The significance of the proposed sketches exists within the way that it offers the relationship of reversible genuinely testable circle registers for any clung in charge via manner of techniques for method for mind boggling test vectors, there with the useful asset of getting out the critical for an series course get valid of get segment to inner reminiscence cells. The execution of ace slave turn-tumbles and twofold detail started out turn-bungles moreover characterised within the paper.
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Fernández Paradas, Antonio Rafael, and Rubén Sánchez Guzmán. "De la crónica al periodismo, fuentes para el constructo de la semana santa ilustrada." Vivat Academia, March 13, 2020, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15178/va.2020.150.1-24.
Full textAbstract:
En el presente trabajo se pretende dar una visión de las celebraciones de la Semana Santa de Valladolid, y de sus celebrados conjuntos procesionales. No se pretende dar una simple visión histórica de esta celebración en el siglo XVIII, si no trazar que pensaban los contemporáneos de ese siglo de este potencial, cultural, artístico y antropológico que suponía la celebración a través de sus escritos. Es de destacar que tan singular fenómeno no se ciñó a las fronteras de la ciudad sino que fue un tema en consideración para la historiografía de ámbito nacional, por lo que recogemos tanto fuentes locales como nacionales, en un siglo el XVIII, que pasaremos de una mentalidad tardo barroca a una plenamente ilustrada, cambio que en ocasiones se desarrolló de manera traumática, pensamientos encontrados que quedaron marcados en maneras distintas de narrar, desde la historia pre científica hasta la crónica periodística. De manera específica se han analizado y comparado tres fuentes de información coetáneas a la época, una de ellas el primer diario publicado en Valladolid. Las fuentes utilizada son las siguientes: El Diario de Valladolid fue redactado por Ventura Pérez entre 1720 y 1784; la Historia Secular y Eclesiástica de la muy Antigua, Augusta, Coronada, muy Ilustre, muy Noble, Rica y muy Leal Ciudad de Valladolid, escrita por Manuel Canesi Acevedo (1681-1750) y el Diario Pinciano, primer periódico de Valladolid, obra de José Mariano Beristáin, cuyo primer número se editó el 7 de febrero de 1787, siendo el primer periódico de Valladolid. Se ha realizado un vaciado de estas fuentes, cuya base es la justificación documental del presente trabajo.
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Caldevilla-Domínguez, David, Almudena Barrientos-Báez, Álvaro Pérez-García, and M. Gloria Gallego-Jiménez. "El uso de las redes sociales y su relación con la decisión de compra del turista." Vivat Academia, May 24, 2021, 443–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15178/va.2021.154.e1360.
Full textAbstract:
Tras la depresión provocada a escala internacional por la pandemia de la covid-19, el sector del turismo necesita recuperarse en un contexto de falta de capital para inversiones. En ese sentido, el contacto rápido y económico con el cliente mediante medios digitales se va a volver si cabe, más importante, haciendo referencia a la facilidad de acceso, búsqueda y selección de ofertas y simplificación de trámites económicos. El comportamiento del viajero ha cambiado sustancialmente a raíz de la digitalización de la sociedad, que ha mejorado exponencialmente el uso de las TIC en los últimos meses de 2020. Aumenta así, la necesidad de investigar y acudir a estudios que nos permiten entender el nuevo ecosistema en el que empresas y compradores se relacionan. Este trabajo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica orientada al rastreo y recuperación de información relevante a la aplicación de las redes sociales en la promoción de la industria turística por sus efectos en la relación empresa-cliente. Para el caso, se han consultado diversas fuentes en materias relacionadas y transversales: monografías, artículos, y revistas científicas de publicación reciente en español e inglés y con acceso abierto (open access)al texto completo (incluyendo material más antiguo solo si contiene una base teórica relevante). Los criterios de exclusión incluyeron artículos faltantes a la rigurosidad científica, de opinión, o contenido de usuario sin base en experiencia. La estrategia de búsqueda se sirvió de Descriptores de turismo, comunicación y TIC relevantes para el objeto de estudio.
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"Elevated Water Tank." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12S2 (December 31, 2019): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l1047.10812s219.
Full textAbstract:
Water tanks are the capacity booths for putting away water. Raised water tanks are built to be able to deliver required head with the purpose that the water will movement affected by gravity the development exercise of water tanks is as antique as enlightened guy. The water tanks project has an firstrate want as it serves ingesting water for amazing populace from exceptional metropolitan urban groups to the little population dwelling in cities and towns. The smaller than ordinary project is led for a time of 15 days to have total all the way right down to earth information on unique tactics and issues appeared within the field. An change issue like construction factors, layout Parameters, information of Formwork, information of aid, process of Water treatment Plant and Execution had been controlled over the span of our smaller than regular undertaking."improved water tanks" via raising water tank, the enlargement upward push makes a conveyance strain at the tank outlet. The profile of water tanks begins offevolved with the utility parameters, consequently the type of materials applied and the form of water tank become directed by way of approach of those factors: 1. Vicinity of the water tank (inner, out of doors, over the floor or underground). 2. Volume of water tank need to preserve. 3. What the water may be utilized for? Four. Temperature of territory wherein might be located away, fear for solidifying. Five. Weight required conveying water. 6. How the water to be conveys to the water tank. 7. Wind and quake plan contemplations allow water tanks to endure seismic and excessive wind occasions