Dissertations / Theses: 'Via holes'

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Zhang, Yan. "Inkjet etching of micro-via holes in thin polymer layers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14201.

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Facilitated by the development of various direct-write techniques and functional polymeric materials including polymer based conductors and semiconductors, printed electronics are flourishing both commercially and as a research topic. This is not only because of their simpler manufacturing routes and lower cost, but also as a result of lower processing temperatures and better compatibility with flexible substrates, compared with conventional electronics. The development of conventional electronics has been guided by Moore s Law, the driver for which lies in the demand for electronic devices with better performance and portability at lower prices. Therefore, one can expect a similar trend for printed electronics to guide its development. Multi-layered printing can be adopted in printed electronics to achieve higher density integration, so that this development trend can be maintained. In such circumstances, creation of electrical connections between multiple layers emerges as an important issue for printed electronics. Inkjet-etched via holes are one potential solution to providing such electrical interconnections, and which can provide good integration with other inkjet-printed features simply by switching nozzles. This thesis aims to elicit a better understanding of the physics involved in inkjet etching and investigate the capability of the inkjet etching technique. In the thesis, the factors that can affect the size of via holes produced by inkjet etching are evaluated, which is significant for evaluating the capability of this technique to deliver industrially relevant features. Identified factors include droplet ejection frequency, droplet diameter, solvent properties and substrate temperature. Droplet ejection frequency, i.e. the reciprocal of the time interval between drops, determines the extent of evaporation of the solvent between two consecutive drop impacts. Droplet diameter determines the radius of the wetted area after the droplet I impacts on the surface and spreads into a sessile drop. Solvents with different evaporation properties result in different size evolution with the number of drops dispensed, as does droplet ejection frequency. Higher substrate temperatures can reduce the drop diameter during flight and decrease the evaporation time on polymer surfaces, which can shrink the size of via holes. Another important issue is achieving complete polymer penetration as residual polymer creates an electrical conduction barrier after such holes are subsequently filled with conductive materials or act as a barrier to filling by electroplating. Experiments have been carried out to test the effect of outer diameter and polymer thickness on polymer penetration. Electroplating is utilised to test the completeness of via hole penetration. A mechanism using the Marangoni effect to explain the protrusion drying pattern other than a hole in the polymer layer is proposed.

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Bouman, Katherine L. (Katherine Louise). "Extreme imaging via physical model inversion : seeing around corners and imaging black holes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113998.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 235-249).
Imaging often plays a critical role in advancing fundamental science. However, as science continues to push the boundaries of knowledge, imaging systems are reaching the limits of what can be measured using traditional-direct approaches. By designing systems that tightly integrate novel sensor and algorithm design, it may be possible to develop imaging systems that exceed fundamental theoretical limitations to observe things previously impossible to see. However, these non-traditional imaging systems generally come with a trade-off; they produce increasingly sparse and/or noisy measurements that require incorporating additional structure to extract anything meaningful. The focus of this thesis is on using computational methods that exploit structure in our universe to move past these obstacles and reveal the invisible. In this thesis, we focus on two imaging problems that explicitly leverage structure in our universe: reconstructing images and video from a computational telescope the size of the Earth, and seeing around corners. For the first imaging problem, this thesis investigates ways to reconstruct images and video from a sparse telescope array distributed around the globe. Additionally, it presents a number of evaluation techniques developed to rigorously evaluate imaging methods in order to establish confidence in reconstructions done with real scientific data. The methods and evaluation techniques developed in this thesis will hopefully aid in ongoing work to take the first picture of a black hole. Next, this thesis presents methods developed for using the subtle spatio-temporal radiance variations that arise on the ground at the base of an edge to construct a one-dimensional video of a hidden scene. These methods may be especially valuable in remotely sensing occupants in a room during search and rescue operations, or in detecting hidden, oncoming vehicles and/or pedestrians for collision avoidance systems.
by Katherine L. Bouman.
Ph. D.

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Schumann, Wiebke. "Ätzung und Charakterisierung von Strukturen mit hohem Aspektverhältnis in Silizium am Beispiel von Through-Wafer-Via-Holes." Ilmenau Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1000955222/34.

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Wood, Matthew. "Analysis of near fields and radiation of a printed circuit via hole." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0053.

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Electromagnetic compatibility remains an important topic in the design and manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Compatibility of these devices with their surroundings is becoming increasingly difficult as a modern PCB can have hundreds or thousands of parts, operating on many layers, and all at high speed. One such part is a via and its clearance, or via hole, commonly required in multilayer circuits where vertical connections between layers are used. The via hole may be exposed to large electromagnetic fields within the PCB. Although electrically small, the via hole provides a pathway for the fields to excite the exterior, either directly or through coupling to adjacent structures. To quantify this process, the near fields and radiation of an excited via hole are analysed, and are the focus of this thesis. The near fields of the via hole are first decoupled into electric and magnetic fields of the 'static' type. In both cases a series solution for two regions, one outside, and one inside the layers is constructed. The coefficients of the terms of the series are chosen to best satisfy the boundary behaviour of the fields on the conducting surfaces and across the hole. The criteria for assessing quality of the solution is based on the least squares method (LSM). Linear equation systems for both models are derived, and as no numerical integration or discretisation is required, an efficient and robust implementation to find the near fields is developed. Transformation into the far field is then achieved through surface integration of relevant field quantities close to the via hole. The far fields are best viewed as that due to two dipoles, of the magnetic and electric type, with strength and orientation depending on how the via hole is excited. It is shown that the two dipole model is sufficient to find the radiation from a 1mm diameter via hole at a frequency up to 8 GHz. Of further interest is how the choice of via hole dimensions affects the dipole moments and the near fields solved earlier are a key to this understanding.

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Day, Stephen. "Controlling charge carrier injection in organic electroluminescent devices via ITO substrate modification." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368243.

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Garcia, Rosmond. "Contribution à l'étude de circuits planaires par une méthode itérative basée sur le concept d'onde (F. W. C. I. P)." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT046H.

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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire, a été dans un premier temps de formuler une nouvelle méthode itérative basée sur le concept d'onde (la FWCIP) pour modéliser tout type de dispositifs micro-ondes planaires sans aucune contrainte géométrique, puis à l'améliorer au fur et à mesure que les difficultés sont survenues. L'objectif de cette méthode est de déterminer une relation simple et efficace permettant de mettre en relation les ondes incidentes et réfléchies dans les différents milieux environnant la discontinuité en exprimant la réflexion dans le domaine modal et la diffraction, définie à partir des conditions aux limites et de continuité, dans le domaine spatial. Le processus itératif s'appuie sur la transformée de Fourier rapide en modes (FFTM) pour passer rapidement d'un domaine à l'autre et pour s'affranchir des fonctions d'essai. En sus, la FFTM permet de diminuer considérablement le temps de calcul. L'algorithme de la moyenne mobile a été appliqué à la méthode afin d'accroître les performances de celle-ci, en permettant l'accélération de la convergence de l'impédance vue par la source. Ce simulateur, après quelques comparaisons avec la littérature, se prête aussi bien à l'étude de structures en guide d'ondes classique (iris), des structures microrubans (antennes, coupleurs), qu'à des dispositifs coplanaires (filtres) en simple ou multicouches. Ensuite, la formulation de la méthode a été révisée pour permettre l'analyse de structures imprimées sur des matériaux artificiels réalisés soit à partir de plots métalliques (via-holes) disposés périodiquement dans le substrat diélectrique d'un circuit microruban ou à partir de gravures périodiques dans le plan de masse d'une ligne microruban. La FWCIP combinée avec la méthode des éléments de frontière a permis de définir les principales caractéristiques des filtres à gap photonique. Pour terminer, une étude comparative a été faite entre la simulation et les mesures.

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Carson, Zachary Lee. "A Study of Black Hole Formation and Evaporation via the D1D5 CFT Dual." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469022251.

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Nordkvist, Anton, Anton Lundqvist, Dane Hana, Emil Ireståhl, and Magnus Lundmark. "Utveckling av kabelkanalsopmaskin : Projektarbete vid Holms Industri i Motala." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146131.

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This report presents two concepts for a product that is used for cable excavation. The first concept consists of a brush that is integrated with a collection container and the second concept consists of a brush that is integrated with a digging bucket. A test plan was also created to determine which dimension and material would yield the best results during excavation. The main purpose of this project was to increase the product range of Holm's industry in Motala by developing a concept that would minimize the risk of damaging cables during excavation. The product would also fit into the existing product range at Holms. The goal was to present two concepts for a brush that can directly be designed in a CAD program. To understand how the brush will operate, a study on existing products on the market was conducted. Then a study on the excavator attachments was made which resulted in OilQuick being a good solution because of its fast-hydraulic attachment. Customer needs were identified through interviews, which gave the impression that a brush that simultaneously collects soil would be a good solution. The result of the study was used to write the product specification. The product's many functions were divided into several parts to determine different solutions for each function. Thirteen concepts were prepared and a decision matrix was used as a tool to eliminate the concepts that would not be used. Several iterations of the concept development process were conducted where the results for each iteration were discussed to preserve the purpose of the project.

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Rodrigues, Rodrigues Margarita. "Improving performance and rotordynamic characteristics of injection compressors via much longer balance-piston and division-wall seals." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1154.

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Sukumaran, Vijay. "Through-package-via hole formation, metallization and characterization for ultra-thin 3D glass interposer packages." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52250.

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here is an increasing demand for higher bandwidth (BW) between logic and memory ICs for future smart mobile systems. Such high BW are proposed to be achieved using 3D interposers that have ultra-small through-package-via (TPVs) interconnections to connect the logic device on one side of the interposer to the memory on the other side. The current approach is primarily based on organic or silicon interposers. However, organic interposers face several challenges due to their poor dimensional stability, and coefﬁcient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch to silicon ICs. Silicon interposers made with back-end-of-line (BEOL) wafer processes can achieve the required wiring and I/O density, but are not cost effective, and in addition exhibit higher electrical loss due to the semiconducting nature of the Si substrate. In this research, ultra-thin 3D Glass Interposers are studied as a superior alternative to organic and silicon interposers. The fundamental focus of this research is to achieve ultra-small TPVs in thin glass with dimensions similar to that of through-silicon-vias (TSVs) in silicon. The objective of this research is to study and demonstrate ultra-small pitch (30µm) TPV hole formation (10µm diameter), metallization and electrical characterization in ultra-thin (30µm) glass substrates. To meet these objectives, this study focusses on four main research tasks: a) electrical modeling and design of ultra-small TPVs in glass, b) small diameter TPV hole formation with minimum defects, c) copper metallization of TPVs with reliable adhesion, and d) electrical characterization of TPVs. This research reports the first demonstration of ultra-small TPVs (10-15µm in diameter) in ultra-thin glass interposer substrates (30µm). A thin-glass handling method is developed using polymer surface layers to achieve defect-free handling of glass even at thicknesses as low as 30µm. Several TPV formation methods are explored including excimer laser ablation using 193nm (ArF) lasers to form TPVs with smallest diameter and pitch. A brief study on the through-put capabilities of these excimer lasers is also discussed. The fundamental approach to TPV metallization involves a semi-additive-plating process (SAP) using electroless and electrolytic copper deposition techniques. The resulting side-wall surfaces of TPVs after metallization are analyzed through SEM imaging of TPV cross-sections, and are further characterized using nano-indentation tests. Additionally, thermo-mechanical reliability tests and failure analysis are performed to study the reliability of TPVs that are metallized with Cu. This research culminates in design, fabrication and electrical characterization of small pitch TPVs in ultra-thin glass interposers (30µm).

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Canter, Caleb A. "Hot-Wire Anemometer Measurements of Atmospheric Surface Layer Turbulence via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/139.

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An instrumented unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was developed and employed to observe the full range of turbulent motions that exist within the inertial subrange of atmospheric surface layer turbulence. The UAV was host to a suite of pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind sensors which provide the necessary data to calculate the variety of turbulent statistics that characterize the flow. Flight experiments were performed with this aircraft, consisting of a large square pattern at an altitude of 100 m above ground level. In order to capture the largest turbulent scales it was necessary to maximize the size of the square pattern. The smallest turbulent scales, on the other hand, were measured through the use of a fast response constant temperature hot wire anemometer. The results demonstrates that the UAV system is capable of directly measuring the full inertial subrange of the atmospheric surface layer with high resolution and allowing for the turbulence dissipation rate to be calculated directly.

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Murphy, Christopher Alden. "Progressively communicating rich telemetry from autonomous underwater vehicles via relays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75643.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-131).
As analysis of imagery and environmental data plays a greater role in mission construction and execution, there is an increasing need for autonomous marine vehicles to transmit this data to the surface. Without access to the data acquired by a vehicle, surface operators cannot fully understand the state of the mission. Communicating imagery and high-resolution sensor readings to surface observers remains a significant challenge - as a result, current telemetry from free-roaming autonomous marine vehicles remains limited to 'heartbeat' status messages, with minimal scientific data available until after recovery. Increasing the challenge, long-distance communication may require relaying data across multiple acoustic hops between vehicles, yet fixed infrastructure is not always appropriate or possible. In this thesis I present an analysis of the unique considerations facing telemetry systems for free-roaming Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) used in exploration. These considerations include high-cost vehicle nodes with persistent storage and significant computation capabilities, combined with human surface operators monitoring each node. I then propose mechanisms for interactive, progressive communication of data across multiple acoustic hops. These mechanisms include wavelet-based embedded coding methods, and a novel image compression scheme based on texture classification and synthesis. The specific characteristics of underwater communication channels, including high latency, intermittent communication, the lack of instantaneous end-to-end connectivity, and a broadcast medium, inform these proposals. Human feedback is incorporated by allowing operators to identify segments of data that warrant higher quality refinement, ensuring efficient use of limited throughput. I then analyze the performance of these mechanisms relative to current practices. Finally, I present CAPTURE, a telemetry architecture that builds on this analysis. CAPTURE draws on advances in compression and delay tolerant networking to enable progressive transmission of scientific data, including imagery, across multiple acoustic hops. In concert with a physical layer, CAPTURE provides an end-to- end networking solution for communicating science data from autonomous marine vehicles. Automatically selected imagery, sonar, and time-series sensor data are progressively transmitted across multiple hops to surface operators. Human operators can request arbitrarily high-quality refinement of any resource, up to an error-free reconstruction. The components of this system are then demonstrated through three field trials in diverse environments on SeaBED, OceanServer and Bluefin AUVs, each in different software architectures.
by Christopher Alden Murphy.
Ph.D.

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Joakim, Hjalmarsson, and Anton Hiller. "Störningshantering på montageplats vid montering av modulhus." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53603.

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Detta examensarbete har gjorts tillsammans med företaget Flexator. I processen där ett modulhus monteras förekommer störningar som leder till ökade kostnader för företaget. Målet med studien har varit att identifiera störningar som uppstår, konsekvenser av störningar samt att sammanställa förslag till lösningar och rutiner i störningshanteringen. I studiens resultat framkommer det att ett flertal störningar upplevs återkomma i många av Flexators projekt, och att de mest frekvent återkommande störningar handlar om avsaknad av eller fel på material. Undersökningen visar även att flera aktörer på montageplats upplever brister i verksamhetens hantering av störningar. Studiens resultat pekar på att vissa störningar rapporterats vid ett flertal tillfällen under en längre tid men att någon förbättring inte märkts av. Det upplevs hos aktörer på montageplats som intervjuats att det ofta inte ges någon respons på utfärdade rapporteringar, vilket leder till minskad motivation att rapportera.

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Neto, Teresa Margarida Alves. "Perspetivas dos Idosos sobre a Vida em Lar." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13531.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Em Sociologia das Organizações e do Trabalho
Este estudo surge da necessidade de abordar a problemática da institucionalização a partir da perspetiva do idoso, numa procura por perceber esta organização complexa e dinâmica que dá resposta a idosos com determinadas características, mas que é também geradora de outras problemáticas, como qualquer organização. Optou-se por uma investigação qualitativa através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a 13 idosos, residentes no Lar Sagrada Família da Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora, desenvolvendo análise de conteúdo temática para identificar categorias de resposta. Este estudo permitiu, assim, conhecer a opinião destes participantes a viver numa estrutura residencial para idosos, compreender as razões que motivaram a sua institucionalização, conhecer as suas vivências no processo da institucionalização e as suas perspetivas e experiências atuais. Apesar de se tratar de um estudo exploratório, pela reduzida dimensão da amostra considerada, os resultados apresentam-se pertinentes para uma avaliação desta resposta social. Os idosos inquiridos revelaram satisfação quanto à estrutura e funcionamento do lar, quanto aos serviços prestados e à forma como é respeitada a sua individualidade e autonomia. Quanto aos aspetos negativos, alguns referem a institucionalização não tanto como opção individual, mas como uma necessidade, que pode ser manifestada pelo próprio ou por alguém que lhe é próximo, mas que acarreta sempre uma carga emocional de difícil gestão nesta fase da vida.
Despite the fact that it is an exploratory study, given to its small sample, the results achieved were considered relevant to the evaluation of such a social facility and environment as the nursing homes. Os idosos inquiridos revelaram satisfação quanto à estrutura e funcionamento do lar, quanto aos serviços prestados e à forma como é respeitada a sua individualidade e autonomia. Quanto aos aspetos negativos, alguns referem a institucionalização não tanto como opção individual, mas como uma necessidade, que pode ser manifestada pelo próprio ou por alguém que lhe é próximo, mas que acarreta sempre uma carga emocional de difícil gestão nesta fase da vida. The elderly people that were interviewed revealed satisfaction in what is related to the structural conditions of the specific nursing home as well as with the operational delivering, namely in what regards the services provided and the respect for their own individuality and autonomy. In terms of negative impacts some refer Institutionalization itself not only as an individual option but as a contingency and necessity, expressed by their owns or by a third person, that always comprehends an emotional charge hard to tackle in that point of life.
N/A

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Mesquida, González Josep María. "Homes gais majors de 50 anys a Barcelona. Trajectòries de vida, situació social, acció col·lectiva i Treball Social." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405711.

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La situació social dels homes gais més grans és força desconeguda. Existeixen circumstàncies que fan pensar que és un col·lectiu que pot estar patint situacions de vulnerabilitat social relacionades amb diferents fets: possibles relacions deteriorades amb famílies d’origen, absència de descendència en la major part dels casos i escassa atenció a les necessitats específiques del col·lectiu tant per part dels agents de polítiques públiques per a persones grans com també per part dels col·lectius LGTB. El treball s’adhereix a la perspectiva gerontològica de curs de vida segons la qual les trajectòries de vida són imprevistes i particulars per a cada subjecte i estan condicionades per factors socials. L’envelliment actiu és la forma com es concreten programes i serveis que fomentin la participació política de les persones grans, i té en la teoria de curs de vida un dels seus fonaments teòrics. Els homes gais grans han transitat des d’un model d’homofòbia dura, o pregay, a un model de major respecte cap al col·lectiu, o gay. La tesi aprofundeix en les característiques de cada model. La literatura consultada identifica una sèrie d’adversitats que sembla que afecten en major proporció als homes gais que a la resta dels homes: presència significativa de certs trastorns emocionals, soledat i aïllament i problemes socials i de salut derivats de l’alta incidència de la SIDA. També identifica alguns factors de protecció específics, com una forma específica de resiliència del col·lectiu, xarxes informals de suport formades per amics i organització del col·lectiu a través de projectes associatius. La tesi persegueix conèixer les trajectòries de vida d’un grup d’homes gais així com la situació social del col·lectiu. També vol aprofundir en les respostes comunitàries que el mateix grup social posa en marxa i proposar un model de pràctica de treball social coherent amb tota la informació aconseguida. Es realitza una recerca que fa ús de procediments i dades quantitatives i qualitatives per aconseguir una visió àmplia d’un fenomen poc estudiat. Es fan servir enquestes en línia, grups de discussió, entrevistes i observació participant. Els resultats mostren trajectòries de vida marcades pel canvi i la participació social, una situació social que per la major part del col·lectiu no sembla massa desfavorable a pesar que conviu amb algunes situacions de soledat i altes taxes de contagi per VIH, condicions que es detecten principalment a serveis d’atenció especialitzada. Per altra banda, existeix un moviment social emergent a escala internacional a favor de les persones grans LGTB que coincideix amb un moment en el qual la gerontologia s’interessa per formes d’envellir no tradicionals. Finalment, es proposa un Treball Social crític que avanci cap a pràctiques col·lectives.
The social situation of older gay men is largely unknown. There are circumstances that suggest that it is a group that may be experiencing situations of social vulnerability related to different social circumstances as the existence of damaged relationships with their families of origin, the absence of offspring in most cases and the existence of inequalities in health issues such as HIV incidence or of certain emotional disorders. Gay men have traveled from a social model of hard homophobia, called pre gay, to a model of greater respect for the gay collective. The thesis examines the characteristics of each model. We want to know the life trajectories of a group of gay men, a diagnosis of the social group, to describe responses that launched this social group and to propose a model of social work practice consistent with information obtained. This research makes use of procedures and data quantitative and qualitative to get an overview of a phenomenon little studied. We use online surveys, focus groups, interviews and participant observation. The results show paths of life marked by change and social participation and social situation for the majority of the community does not seem too unfavorable although there are some situations of loneliness and isolation that are found mainly in services specialized care. Moreover, there is an emerging international social movement in favor of LGBT seniors. Finally, we propose a Social Work critical breakthrough towards collective practices.

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Fredriksson, Mathias, and Caesar Iseri. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av ansvar vid delegering : En empirisk studie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39343.

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Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar på en stressig arbetsmiljö för sjuksköterskor med flera komplexa arbetsuppgifter. Behovet av att delegera arbetsuppgifter ökar i och med detta och kraven på att delegera patientsäkert beskrivs som centralt. Den tidigare forskningen ger ingen klar bild över vem som har vilket ansvar i delegeringsfrågan. Syfte: Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors ansvar vid delegering av hälso- och sjukvårdsinsatser i kommunal verksamhet. Metod: Studien följer en kvalitativ ansats med en innehållsanalys. Insamlingen av data skedde via inspelade semistrukturerade intervjuer. För examensarbetet blev sex sjuksköterskor intervjuade. Resultat: Tre kategorier utformades av resultatet: ansvar gentemot patienten vid delegering, ansvar under delegeringstillfället och ansvar efter utförd delegering. Gemensamt hade informanterna ett standardiserat – webbaserad – delegeringsrutin. Dock fanns det lite till ingen uppföljning på delegeringar. Slutsats: delegeringsprocessen är komplex med oklar ansvarsbild. Sjuksköterskan ansvarar för att patienten i slutänden får god och säker vård även om det är helg, kväll eller sjukdomsfall i personalgruppen.
Background: Previous studies show a stressful work environment for nurses with complex job assignments. The demand to delegate job assignments is increasing as an aftermath and the requirement to delegate job assignments with patient safety in mind is described as a central factor. The previous studies gave no clear image of who has the responsibility in delegations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the registered nurses’ experiences of responsibility during delegations. Method: The study has a qualitative approach and is assembled in content analysis. Data has been collected through semi structured interviews. For the study six nurses have been interviewed. Result: The manifested results formed up in three categories: responsibility towards patients when delegating, responsibility during the delegation and responsibility after the delegation. The informants had in common that they were following a standardized web-based delegation routine. Though there was slight to no follow up on the delegations. Conclusion: The delegation process is complex with unclear responsibility. The nurse is responsible for ensuring that the patient receives good and safe care in the end, even if it is weekend, evening or illness in the staff group.

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Larsson, Rebecka, and Martina Simonsson. "Överväganden vid val familjehem : En kvalitativ studie av fammiljehemssekreterare." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8704.

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This essay is about what considerations foster home secretary may face in their profession and how they use themselves as a tool. We were interested in the family home secretaries as a profession and we found that this area is relatively unexplored. The essay is based on semi-structured interviews with ten family home secretaries from seven different municipalities. To interpret our results, we used Mead's theory of "Mind, Self and Society". Our paper shows that family secretaries are faced with a variety of considerations in the selection of foster homes. We have also presented several different criteria that foster secretaries put on families to enable them to become current foster home. All the family home secretary saw themselves as tools in the process to match children with foster homes, but it proved to be difficult for them to put this into words and describe how they used themselves. One of our research questions concern how experience affects their work. It turned out that the experience also gave answers to our other questions.

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Endres, Lanson Adam. "Computation modeling of drill bits a new method for reproducing bottom hole geometry and a second-order explicit integrator via composition for coupled rotating rigid bodies /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3283920.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 3, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-160).

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Erlandsson, Anna, and Sofie Greitans. "Att behålla hjärna och kropp igång vid åldrandet - Vårdpersonals syn på aktivitet på särskilda boenden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24107.

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The purpose of this study is to examine how activities are looked upon, organized and put into practice at homes designed for the elderly. To achieve this we have done a survey study, based upon the caregiver´s point of view regarding the subject activity. The result of this study has been interpreted and analyzed with help from the engagement- and disengagement theories. The result shows us that the caregiver´s find the term activity slightly abstract, and rather difficult to define. All of the caregiver´s did agree on the matter that it’s good to activate elderly people and that the elderly people are activated at a large extent. The result also shows us that it’s not always the elderly people’s own wishes and desires of activity that gets organized and put into practice at homes designed for the elderly. In conclusion we find the engagement theory to be very dominant in the thoughts and actions of caregiver´s in Swedish geriatric care, rather than the disengagement theories.

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Naeemah, Ali Jaber. "A Framework and Prototype of a Telehealth System via Fusion of Advanced Technologies and Open Source Applications." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1433505000.

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Sabbadini, Aline. "Mortes na vida e vidas na morte : análise de vivências de perdas e lutos em idosos residentes em asilo /." Assis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190980.

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Orientadora: Mariele Rodrigues Correa
Banca: Diana Pancini de Sá Antunes Ribeiro
Banca: Maria Júlia Kovács
Resumo: Devido ao fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional e a incerteza da existência de cuidadores para essa população nota-se um aumento na procura de Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs), popularmente conhecidas como asilos. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as experiências de perdas e lutos vividas pelos idosos asilados, partindo do pressuposto que a elaboração do luto não é apenas necessária quando há a morte concreta de um sujeito. A própria entrada no asilo acarreta uma série de perdas que precisam de elaboração, como o rompimento de vínculos com familiares e pessoas próximas, afastamento do mundo externo, perda da casa e de objetos, perda da autonomia, entre outras coisas. Entendemos que a fala é uma importante via para a elaboração desses lutos, tanto de mortes concretas como de mortes simbólicas. Para isso, recolhemos narrativas de oito residentes com idades entre 62 a 93 anos, de uma forma em que eles pudessem contar e recontar suas histórias quantas vezes fosse necessário, de modo a colocá-los como protagonistas da própria vida. Realizamos uma inserção semanal na instituição asilar ao longo de oito meses como forma de estabelecer a manutenção dos vínculos com os idosos e a possibilidade de estar junto deles e oferecer uma escuta adequada. Utilizamos a psicanálise como referencial metodológico a fim de averiguar os processos de luto enfrentados por essa população no contexto asilar. Ao oferecer uma escuta sensível pudemos descobrir enredos que tinha... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to the populational aging phenomenon and the uncertainty of the existence of care takers for this population, we observe an increase in the search for Long-term care institutions for the elderly, largely known as nursing homes. This research take as na objective to analyze the grief and loss experiences undertaken by the institucionalized elderly, starting from the premise that grief elaboration is not only necessary in the concrete death of a subject. Even the entrance in a nursing home causes a series of losses that need to be elaborated, like the sundering of familiar and close persons links, the removal from the outside world, home and personal objects losses, autonomy loss, among others. We understand that the speech is a important way to elaborate those griefs, from concrete deaths as well as simbolic deaths. For this end, we gathered eight residents narratives, with ages between 62 and 93 years, in a way that they could tell and retell their histories as many times as was necessary, placing then as their own live's protagonists. Through 8 months, we made a weekly visit to the nursing home to estabilish and maintain links with the elderly and the possibility to be together and offer a proper listening. For this purpose, psychoanalysis will be used as a method in order to ascertain the processes of grief faced by this population in the nursing home context. In offering a sensible listening we could discover story that had the grief in his various expressions as the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Neves, Barbara Correia 1989. "Qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em um município de pequeno porte do interior de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312312.

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Orientador: Zélia Zilda Lourenço de Camargo Bittencourt
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:19:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neves_BarbaraCorreia_M.pdf: 1135191 bytes, checksum: 42bf9b41fd0f2013a2a815f6470e9fa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: As mudanças demográficas e epidemiológicas nos levam a refletir sobre o que traz qualidade de vida na velhice, não só para idosos da comunidade, mas principalmente para aqueles mais vulneráveis, como os institucionalizados. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a qualidade de vida de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados residentes em um município de pequeno porte do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Foram entrevistados 21 idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) e 322 da comunidade. Aplicaram-se os questionários de qualidade de vida WHOQOL¿BREF e WHOQOL-OLD e realizou-se levantamento de dados sócio demográficos e do estado de saúde. Na comparação dos escores dos domínios de ambos os instrumentos utilizou-se a Análise de Variância e o teste post-hoc de Tukey para as amostras independentes utilizou-se o teste "t". Testes com nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Predominaram as seguintes características: mulheres na comunidade (61,8%), homens na ILPI (71,43%), nível fundamental de escolaridade (77,95%) na comunidade e 85,71% na ILPI; idosos casados (65,53%) na comunidade e 28,57% na ILPI. A participação e frequência a clubes e associações foram relatadas por 75,78% de idosos da comunidade e 61,90% da ILPI. Quanto aos instrumentos utilizados os idosos da comunidade obtiveram maiores escores que os institucionalizados. Idosos da ILPI que participavam e frequentavam clubes e associações obtiveram maiores escores em todos os domínios de QV dos dois instrumentos e a renda mensal obteve significância estatística para maiores escores em idosos da comunidade. No WHOQOL-BREF a maior pontuação obtida pelos idosos da comunidade foi no domínio psicológico (70,83) e a menor no domínio físico (60,71). Para os da ILPI a maior pontuação foi para o domínio psicológico (58,33) e os menores no domínio social e nas questões gerais (50,0). Na avaliação pelo WHOQOL-OLD enquanto que para os idosos institucionalizados o domínio morte e morrer apresentou o menor score (12,50), para os idosos da comunidade este foi o domínio de maior pontuação (81,25). Conclusão: Os achados do estudo evidenciaram que idosos institucionalizados apresentaram piores escores de QV comparativamente aos da comunidade revelando que a inclusão social e participação em diferentes atividades contribuem significativamente para a melhoria da qualidade de vida
Abstract: Demographic and epidemiological changes lead us to reflect on what brings quality of life in old age, not only to community-based elderly, but, more importantly, to the most vulnerable, the institutionalized individuals. Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in a small city in the state of São Paulo. Methods: Twenty-one people in a long-term care facility for the elderly (LTCF) and 322 living in the community were interviewed. The WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD quality of life questionnaires were applied and sociodemographic and health status variables were recorded. Analysis of variance tests was used to compare scores of the domains of both instruments; the post-hoc Tukey test was used when the p-value <0.05. The t-test was used for independent samples. The level of significance was set at 0.05 in all statistical tests. Results: The following characteristics prevailed: women in the community (61.8%), men in LTCF (71.43%); elementary education, 77.95% in the community and 85.71% in LTCF; married people, 65.53% in the community and 28.57% in LTCF. Participation and attendance in clubs and associations was reported by 75.78% and 61.90% of the community-based and LTCF elderly, respectively. Moreover, community-based elderly had higher scores than institutionalized individuals according to the instruments used. LTCF elderly who participated in clubs and associations had higher scores in all QOL domains of the two instruments and monthly income was associated with higher scores in community-based elderly. The highest score obtained by non-institutionalized elderly in the WHOQOL-BREF was for the psychological domain (70.83) and the lowest score for the physical domain (60.71). For the LTCF elderly, the highest score was for the psychological domain (58.33) and the lowest for the social domain and general issues (50.0). While the lowest scoring domain of the WHOQOL-OLD for institutionalized elderly was death and dying (12.50), it was the highest scoring domain (81.25) for the community-based elderly. Conclusion: The study findings show that institutionalized elderly have worse quality of life scores compared to community-based individuals demonstrating that social inclusion and participation in different activities contribute significantly to improving the quality of life
Mestrado
Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação
Mestra em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

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Santo, Cristina do Espírito. "Perfil da saúde geral e qualidade de vida de idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência do município de Bauru." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-09092014-160221/.

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O processo de envelhecimento consiste na deterioração lenta e progressiva das diversas funções orgânicas, é um fenômeno natural e inevitável que se reflete em uma maior fragilidade na saúde dos idosos. À medida que um indivíduo envelhece, sua qualidade de vida é fortemente determinada por sua habilidade de manter autonomia e independência. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o perfil de qualidade de vida e aspectos de saúde de idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência da cidade de Bauru, SP. A amostra foi composta por 20 idosos. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida utilizou-se o questionário SF-36 e para identificar a presença das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus foi realizada análise de prontuários, também foi realizada triagem auditiva nos residentes, para tanto utilizou- se o Audiômetro Pediátrico PA5 adaptado ao fone TDH 39. Como resultado, constatou-se que a maioria dos residentes eram do gênero masculino (85%), com idade média de 75,1 anos, o tempo médio de institucionalização foi 48 meses, 30% dos indivíduos eram analfabetos, 50% não possuíam ensino fundamental completo e apenas um (5%) tinha nível superior. No que se refere à qualidade de vida, o domínio Capacidade Funcional foi o aspecto mais afetado, o domínio Aspectos Sociais apresentou os melhores escores. Todos os idosos participantes falharam na triagem auditiva. Quanto à presença das doenças crônicas, 15% apresentam Hipertensão Arterial e 25% Diabetes Mellitus. Deste modo, pode-se concluir que houve uma elevada prevalência de alterações auditivas e Diabetes Mellitus nos residentes e uma baixa prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial, verificou-se relação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo de institucionalização e o domínio Aspectos Sociais, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de vida entre os indivíduos com e sem as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis Hipertensão Arterial e Diabetes Mellitus.
The aging process, which consists of slow and progressive deterioration of physiological functions, is a natural and inevitable phenomenon that is reflected in a greater frailty in elderly health. During aging process, quality of life is largely determined by its ability to maintain autonomy and independence. The objective of this study was to describe the quality of life and health aspects of elderly residents in long-term care facilities in Bauru, SP. The sample consisted of 20 residents.To assess the quality of life were used the SF-36 questionnaire and to identify the presence of chronic no communicable diseases: Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus chart analysis, Moreover, there was hearing screening in sheltered for both used the Pediatric Audiometer PA5 adapted to TDH 39. As a result , it was found that the majority of residents were male (85%) with a mean age of 75.1 years, the average length of institutionalization was 48 months, 30% were illiterate, 50% had no education full fundamental and only one (5%) had higher level. As regards the quality of life, functional capacity domain was the most affected aspect, Domain Social Aspects showed the best scores. All subjects participants failed in the hearing screening. For the presence of chronic diseases, 15% have Hypertension and 25% Diabetes Mellitus. Thus, it can conclude that there was a high prevalence of hearing impairment and diabetes mellitus among residents and a low prevalence of hypertension; there was a significant relationship between time of institutionalization and social aspects domain, no was found statistically significant difference in quality of life among individuals with and without chronic diseases Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus.

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Rodrigues, Sandra Marisa Macedo. "A transição para a vida ativa dos jovens institucionalizados em Casas de Acolhimento –Percursos de inserção." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12798.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Política Social
O presente estudo centra-se nas narrativas de jovens que vivenciaram a experiência da institucionalização, nomeadamente na sua infância e/ou adolescência, bem como na perceção destas, no que diz respeito à influência que esta experiência teve no seu percurso e condições de vida atuais. Assim, tendo em conta critérios metodológicos, foi formado um grupo de sete jovens, que haviam vivido em regime de Acolhimento Residencial prolongado na Casa de Acolhimento – Centro de Promoção Juvenil, Casa da Estrela. Em Portugal, apesar de já terem sido desenvolvidos alguns estudos sobre este tema, ainda é diminuta a investigação acerca da problemática, principalmente pesquisas que analisem as próprias narrativas dos sujeitos, que observem os significados e perceções, que estes indivíduos atribuem ao período em que viveram em instituição e se eventualmente esta experiência se manifesta na qualidade de vida e bem-estar atual, o que torna mais premente a necessidade deste tipo de investigação. Neste sentido, e tendo em conta a temática do Acolhimento Residencial, a ótica da qualidade de vida e bem-estar destas jovens, foi manifestando um interesse acrescido. Partindo do referido anteriormente, achou-se que tal nos poderia auxiliar na forma como percebemos, tanto o significado, como o papel que o acolhimento teve na vida destas jovens. Por fim, ajudar-nos-ia a reconhecer outros fatores preponderantes, estando estes relacionados com as experiências de acolhimento de longa duração, tais como, aspetos relativos ao próprio indivíduo, à instituição, à escola, a outros significativos (isto é, família de origem, amigos, nova família), ao trabalho e às redes formais de apoio. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo baseou-se na investigação qualitativa, nomeadamente entrevistas (semi-estruturadas) e estudos de caso, adequando-se ao objeto de estudo. Propusemo-nos compreender essencialmente duas etapas da vida destes indivíduos, concretamente o percurso institucional e o percurso pós-institucional. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que embora se identifiquem determinadas fragilidades, limitações e até constrangimentos próprios da institucionalização, na perspetiva das jovens todos estes fatores foram/são propícios ao seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social, ao seu percurso e condições de vida atuais.
This present study focuses on the narratives of young adults about their institutionalization experiences, namely in their childhood and/or adolescence, as well as their perception of the experiences occurred throughout their lives and current living conditions. Thus, taking into account the criteria defined in the methodology, a group of seven young adults who had lived in prolonged residential fostering ( at Casa de Acolhimento - Centro de Promoção Juvenil) was chosen. In Portugal although there have been some studies about this issue, the research about this problem it is still quite scarce particularly research involving the narratives of the subjects, and that observes the meanings and perceptions that these individuals attribute to the period in which they lived in institution and possibly this experience is manifested in the quality of life and well-being present, which makes it more pressing the need for this type of research. In this sense, and taking into account the issue of residential fostering the quality of life of these young adults is of great interest. From what said previously we reckon this can help us to better understand the role fostering had in these young adult's lives. Finally, ít would also help us to recognise other important factors, these being related to long term fostering experiences such as aspects related to oneself, the institution, the school, significant others, (family of origin, friends, new family) and the formal support network. The methodology used for the study was based on qualitative research namely interviews (semi-structured) and case studies adequate for the study. We proposed to comprehend two life stages, namely the institutional path and the post institutional path. The results obtained show that although there are some frailties, limitations and constraints inherent to the institutionalization in the perspective of these young adults all these factors were/are conducive to their personal and social development, to their life course and current life situation.
N/A

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Kindbom, Marcus, and Oskar Sandblom. "Lönsamhet vid renovering av miljonprogrammet – En fallstudie av Svenska Bostäders investeringar på Järvafältet." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172116.

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Det finns idag ett underhållsbehov i en stor andel av de flerbostadshus som kvartstår från det Svenska miljonprogrammet. Många allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsbolag har påbörjat stora och kostsamma investeringar inom delar av deras miljonprogramsbestånd. Omfattningen på investeringarna varierar mellan bolagen och det råder oklarhet kring vad som kan anses leda till långsiktig lönsamhet. En stor andel av dessa områden innehar en social utsatthet och marginalisering hos delar av befolkningen. Investeringarna bedöms därför också kunna påverka samhällsutvecklingen i en positiv riktning inom dessa områden. Detta examensarbete har som syfte att genom en fallstudie över det allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsbolaget Svenska Bostäder AB:s pågående upprustningsprogram inom miljonprogramsområdena kring Järvafältet i Stockholm utvärdera om dessa investeringar kan anses vara lönsamma. På grund av den sedan 2011 nya lagstiftningen gällande allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsbolag råder det viss oklarhet kring i vilken omfattning samhällsekonomiska investeringar kan motiveras inom ramen för ett allmännyttigt bolag. Analysen särskiljer därför lönsamhet på fastighets- och samhällsnivå. Maximalt utrymme för fastighetsekonomiskt lönsam investering bedöms utgöras av skillnaden i fastighetsvärde före och efter att investering har genomförts. Effekter på samhället av ökad sysselsättning och minskad kriminalitet beräknas i en investeringskalkyl och nuvärdet adderas till den fastighetsekonomiska lönsamheten med jämförelse på lägenhetsnivå. Resultatet visar på att investeringarna inte är lönsamma för samhället enligt den metod som används, däremot bedöms en längre kalkylperiod samt inkluderade av ytterligare variabler kunna medföra lönsamhet på samhällsnivå. Vidare konstateras att Svenska Bostäder erhåller sämre lönsamhet än privata bolag för liknande standardhöjningar i bostaden, vilket kan ha en effekt på den långsiktiga värdeutvecklingen i beståndet. Trots att analysen ej påvisar lönsamhet i dessa investeringar dras ändå slutsatsen att det finns potential för en förbättring av metoden för hur renoveringar genomförs. Det bedöms samtidigt som möjligt att sänka kostnaderna för drift och administration ytterligare. Det finns även stor potential för allmännyttiga bolag att genom sin storlek som beställare och genom samordning med andra fastighetsägare bidra till en positiv social utveckling av dessa områden och i förlängningen en stor ekonomisk vinst för samhället.
A large share of the existing multi-family housing units built during the Swedish million homes programme includes a major amount of neglected maintenance. Several municipal housing companies have initiated large and costly investments within their stock of million program units. The extent of which kind of measures that is undertaken by each company varies and it is uncertain if the measures are profitable in the long term. A large share of residents within these areas undergoes marginalization as a result of heavily developed segregation. Investments are therefore estimated to not only affect real estate companies but also provide an opportunity to change the development of the society within these areas. This paper aims to evaluate profitability of these investments through a case study of the municipal housing company Svenska Bostäder AB and its renovation program of socially exposed housing areas within the northern parts of Stockholm. Since 2011 it is however unclear if social investments within the area can be justified by municipal housing companies due to a legislative change. The analysis differentiates profitability on single property level from profitability on municipal level. The method, which is used on single property level, is based on valuation of the real estate asset before and after renovation. Maximum level of investment on single property level which could be seen as profitable comprises of the difference in value of the asset before and after renovation. Effects on the society from increased employment, reduced criminality is estimated through a cash flow analysis and the present values of reduced costs are added to the existing analysis on property level. The result shows that the investments are not profitable for the society according to the method that has been used. However, an extension of the cash flow period and addition of extra variables could lead to profitability. Further, it is stated that Svenska Bostäder AB obtains lower net operating income compared to private real estate companies for similar quality improvements within their renovations; this could affect the value of the real estate asset in a longer run. Despite the fact that the analysis do not show any proof of profitability from these investments, the conclusion that there is room for potential improvements in how these renovations are executed could still be drawn. It should also be possible to lower the costs of operation and administration further. The municipal housing companies also have a great potential to contribute to further progress of social wealth fare within these areas through their size as clients and through coordination with other real estate companies.

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França, Mônica Lima. "Qualidade de vida e fatores associados em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados do município de Agudos, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-14102013-164401/.

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Conforme os anos se passam, maior é o número de idosos e maiores são suas perspectivas de vida, evidencia-se a importância de garantir aos idosos não só uma sobrevida maior, mas também uma boa qualidade de vida. À medida que um indivíduo envelhece, sua qualidade de vida é fortemente determinada por sua habilidade de manter autonomia e independência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados do município de Agudos (SP) e a sua relação com os fatores associados. A amostra foi composta por 30 idosos, sendo 15 institucionalizados e 15 idosos não institucionalizados do município de Agudos (SP), de ambos os sexos e idade mínima de 60 anos. Os sujeitos foram pareados quanto ao gênero e idade. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Questionário de análise socioeconômica (Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil CCEB); Questionário sobre os aspectos de saúde geral; Protocolo para avaliar capacidade funcional Índice de Katz; Inventário de Depressão de Beck; e o Protocolo de Qualidade de Vida para Idosos WHOQOLOLD. Como resultados pode-se observar escores inferiores para os idosos institucionalizados frente aos não institucionalizados para todos os fatores investigados: saúde geral principalmente hipertensão, uso de medicamentos e queixas de memória - , capacidade funcional, depressão e qualidade de vida. Para qualidade de vida, a faceta que obteve melhor escore foi Morte e Morrer, com 80,84 para os institucionalizados e 78,33 para não institucionalizados, e a de pior escore foi Autonomia, com 57,92 e 58,75 para o primeiro e segundo grupo. Considerando a análise estatística, os sintomas depressivos são os que interferem de maneira significativa (p=0,0211) na qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados. Tendo em vista os princípios da Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa, faz-se necessária uma reestruturação e implementação de novos programas de promoção e prevenção de agravos que acometem a velhice, como a hipertensão e depressão, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida para esta população.
As the years pass, the greater the number of older and larger are their life prospects in Brazil and the world, before this fact it´s very important to ensure the elderly not only increased survival but also good quality life. As an indi vidual ages,their quality of life is largely determined by its ability to maintain autonomy and independence. The objective of this study was to characterize the quality of life in institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Agudos, state of São Paulo and its relation with associated factors. The sample consisted of 30 elderly, 15 institutionalized and 15 noninstitutionalized elderly in Agudos (SP) for both sexes and more than 60 years. The individuals were matched for gender and age. The instruments used were: Questionnaire of socioeconomic analysis (Economic Classification Criterion Brazil - CCEB); Questionnaire of aspects of general health; Katz Index; Beck Depression Inventory; and the Quality of Life Protocol for Seniors WHOQOL-OLD. The results show lower scores for institutionalized elderly compared to non-institutionalized for all investigated factors: general health especially hypertension, medication use and memory complaints - , functional capacity, depression and quality of life. For quality of life, the domain that had the best score was \"Death and Dying\", with 80,84 for institutionalized and 78,33 for noninstitutionalized, and the worst score was \"Autonomy\" with 57,92 and 58,75 for the first and second group. Considering the statistical analysis, depressive symptoms are interfering in a significant way (p=0,0211) in the quality of life of institutionalized elderly. In view of the principles of the National Health Policy for Older Persons, it is necessary restructuring and to implement new programs of health promotion and prevention of diseases that affect the elderly, such as hypertension and depression, to improve the quality of life for this population.

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Donato, Alice de Castro. "Análise da história de vida e a relação com o nível de stress em idosos institucionalizados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-22022017-120021/.

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No Brasil, a porcentagem de pessoas idosas e sua expectativa de vida aumentam gradualmente. O envelhecimento é considerado um fenômeno natural, social, cultural e econômico. Ademais, a redução da taxa de fecundidade, diminuição de integrantes das famílias, as mudanças nos padrões de nupcialidade e a crescente inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho reduzem a disponibilidade de cuidadores familiares; tudo isso torna o idoso mais suscetível ao stress. Assim, pensar em questões referentes ao envelhecimento e ao dia a dia dos idosos passa a ser uma necessidade dentro da realidade brasileira. Entre os serviços especializados voltados para a população idosa em nosso país, estão as ILPIs (Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos), responsáveis por auxiliar os idosos em suas tarefas diárias e/ou dificuldades relacionadas ao envelhecimento físico, psicológico, cognitivo e social. O aumento paradoxal do nível de stress na vida cotidiana e da longevidade dos seres humanos convida a refletir sobre as estratégias desenvolvidas para minimizar o efeito deletério do agente stressor. Assim, este estudo pretende compreender e descrever o stress, a partir da perspectiva ainda pouco estudada, de idosos em situação de dependência física e/ou financeira, com autonomia cognitiva-funcional, residentes em ILPIs. Investigaremos a relação entre a história pessoal e o nível de stress nessa população, buscando compreender e descrever o impacto de eventos estressores em sua qualidade de vida. Foram entrevistados apenas idosos em condição de autonomia cognitivo-funcional, com idade igual ou superior a 70 anos, que residem em ILPI, na cidade de Santos SP. Para tanto, foram aplicados um Quesionário de Informações Gerais, O Mini Exame do Estado Mental, o Life Events Units (LEU/VAS) e algumas Questões Complementares. Entre os eventos de vida com nível de stress mais relevantes, estão Morte do Cônjuge, Acidente ou Doença, Casamentos, Aposentadoria, Gravidez, Nascimento de Crianças na Família, Morte de Alguém na Família, Mudança na Condição Financeira, Férias e Cirurgia. Foi possível observar que, os eventos citados atingiram nível de stress altíssimo no período em que foram vividos e nível alto ainda nos dias de hoje. Apesar dos altos níveis de stress encontrados, o grupo em que houve diminuição do nível de stress corresponde a 100% da amostra
The percentage of senior citizens and their life expectancy have been increasing gradually in Brazil. Aging is considered to be a natural, social, cultural and economic phenomenon. Therefore, questions concerning this phenomenon and the daily life of the elderly people have become a necessity in the Brazilian society. The ILPIs (long stay old age homes) are the institutions responsible for assisting the senior citizens in need of special care such as carrying out daily chores and/or difficulties related to physical, psychological, cognitive and social aging. Furthermore, factors like the decrease of the fertility rate, the decrease of members in families, changes in marriage patterns and the increase of the participation of women at the work market , have affected the availability of relatives to become care takers. Therefore, the elderly have become more susceptible to stress as before. The absurd rise of stress levels in our daily lives and the increase of our longevity, invite us to reflect upon the strategies which should be developed in order to minimize the harmful effect of the stress then.That being the case, this study intends to cast light on the comprehension and description of stress in the elderly people who find themselves in an economical and/or physical dependency but are still cognitively and functionally fit and living in the ILPIs, mentioned above. We will investigate the relationship between their life history and the stress level while living in the old age homes. Only cognitively and functionally fit elderly people have taken part in our research, at the age of 70 and older. The following tests and questionnaires have been applied: Firstly, a general questions questionnaire, then The mental health status examination, The Life Events Units(LEU/VAS) and other complementary questions. Relevant events which are linked to the rise of the stress levels are: the death of a spouse, accident or illness, marriage, retirement, pregnancy, the birth of children in the family, death in the family, financial difficulties, holidays, and surgery. It is important to mention that the stress levels have reached their highest during the occurrence of these life events mentioned before, and they still have an impact on the stress levels presently. Despite of the high levels of stress, we could observe that the people in the group which had a stress reduction corresponds to 100% of the samples taken

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Fernández, Dávila Rolando Percy. "Comportamiento sexual en hombres latinoamericanos que tienen sexo con hombres en España: una triangulación de métodos para entender su vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de infección por el VIH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284447.

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A Espanya, els homes llatinoamericans que tenen sexe amb homes (HLSH) són un dels col•lectius que presenta major vulnerabilitat per a la infecció pel VIH. Aquest estudi va buscar determinar el perfil psico-socio-sexual dels HLSH que resideixen a Espanya, comparar les conductes de risc associades a la infecció pel VIH entre dos tipus de mostra (online enfront de offline); i, comprendre en profunditat la vivència de ser un immigrant, les pràctiques sexuals de risc i el sexe segur dels HLSH. L'estudi va ser una triangulació de mètodes quantitatiu i qualitatiu. El nombre total vàlid de participants va ser de 1.089 homes per a l'estudi quantitatiu (428 van contestar una enquesta impresa a Barcelona i 661 una enquesta online de totes les CCAA d'Espanya) i de 48 per a l'estudi qualitatiu , dels quals 26 van participar en entrevistes individuals i 22 en tres grups de discussió. Els resultats quantitatius revelen diferències entre els enquestats per Internet i els enquestats en locals d'ambient respecte a diverses característiques sociodemogràfiques i conductes sexuals. Es va trobar un major risc d'infecció entre els enquestats per Internet. Les dades qualitatives indiquen que la vulnerabilitat per a la infecció pel VIH pot ser explicada a partir d'aspectes relacionats a la immigració en si mateixa (p.e., aculturació) i a aspectes culturals (p.e., concepció de les relacions entre homes). Certes condicions sindèmicas (aspectes psicosocials) poden estar intervenint en el major risc d'infecció. Aquest estudi planteja una sèrie de recomanacions per a realitzar intervencions dirigides als HLSH i reduir la seva major vulnerabilitat.
En España, los hombres latinoamericanos que tienen sexo con hombres (HLSH) son uno de los colectivos que presenta mayor vulnerabilidad para la infección por el VIH. Este estudio buscó determinar el perfil psico-socio-sexual de los HLSH que residen en España, comparar las conductas de riesgo asociadas a la infección por el VIH entre dos tipos de muestra (online frente a offline); y, comprender a profundidad la vivencia de ser un inmigrante, las prácticas sexuales de riesgo y el sexo más seguro de los HLSH. El estudio fue una triangulación de métodos cuantitativo y cualitativo. El número total válido de participantes fue de 1.089 hombres para el estudio cuantitativo (428 contestaron una encuesta impresa en Barcelona y 661 una encuesta online de todas las CCAA de España) y de 48 para el estudio cualitativo, de los cuales 26 participaron en entrevistas individuales y 22 en tres grupos de discusión. Los resultados cuantitativos revelan diferencias entre los encuestados por Internet y los encuestados en locales de ambiente respecto a varias características socio-demográficas y conductas sexuales. Un mayor riesgo de infección fue encontrado entre los encuestados por Internet. Los datos cualitativos indican que la vulnerabilidad para la infección por el VIH puede ser explicada a partir de aspectos relacionados a la inmigración en sí misma (p.e., aculturación) y a aspectos culturales (p.e., concepción de las relaciones entre hombres). Ciertas condiciones sindémicas (aspectos psicosociales) pueden estar interviniendo en el mayor riesgo de infección. Este estudio plantea una serie de recomendaciones para realizar intervenciones dirigidas a los HLSH y reducir su mayor vulnerabilidad.
In Spain, Latin American men who have sex with men (LMSM) are one of the most vulnerable groups at greatest risk of HIV infection. This study sought to: determine the psycho-social and sexual profile of LMSM residing in Spain, compare risk behaviours associated with HIV infection between LMSM recruited online versus offline and provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of being an immigrant, sexual risk behaviour and safe sex among LMSM. The study was a triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods. The total number of participants included was 1,089 men for the quantitative study (428 respondents to a written questionnaire in Barcelona and 661 to an online survey in all regions of Spain) and 48 for the qualitative study, of which 26 were interviewed individually and 22 participated in three discussion groups. Quantitative results revealed differences between online respondents and offline respondents in a number of socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviours. Increased risk of infection was found among online respondents. Qualitative data suggest that vulnerability to HIV infection can be explained by issues related to immigration itself (e.g., acculturation) or culture (e.g., conceptualization of relations between men). Certain syndemic conditions (psychosocial aspects) may be intervening to increase the risk of infection. This study makes a number of recommendations for interventions targeted at LMSM to reduce their increased vulnerability.

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Villeneuve, Roxane. "Qualité de vie des personnes âgées : étude de la transition entre domicile et institution." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0255.

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Quitter son domicile pour intégrer une « maison de retraite » est un évènement particulièrement redouté et mal accepté, aussi bien par les personnes âgées elles-mêmes que par leur famille. L’entrée en institution représente un enjeu social, financier, et identitaire. Elle soulève la question cruciale des possibilités d’adaptation et de maintien d’une qualité de vie satisfaisante dans un lieu de vie dans lequel personne ne semble vouloir aller. Paradoxalement, il existe peu d’études qui s’intéressent à l’impact de l’entrée en institution sur la qualité de vie, ces dernières étant principalement transversales. Pourtant, si l’on veut évaluer objectivement les conséquences de l’entrée en EHPAD, il est impératif d’avoir accès à des données longitudinales capables de mesurer les changements qui s’opèrent entre le domicile et l’institution. Ce travail s’appuie ainsi sur deux approches : une approche épidémiologique, basée sur les données de deux études de cohortes en population générale, les cohortes PAQUID et AMI, et une approche de recherche clinique, avec la mise en place d’une étude prospective observationnelle multicentrique, l’étude QOL-EHPAD. Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué la pertinence et la validité d’un proxy de qualité de vie subjective sur la base des données de cohortes. Ce proxy était composé de six items : les quatre items positifs de l’échelle de dépression CES-D (Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale), ainsi que d’un item évaluant la santé perçue, et un la satisfaction de vie. Ce proxy s’est avéré être associé aux facteurs habituellement associés à la qualité de vie (dépression, dépendance, nombre de comorbidités, événements de vie négatifs, sur-risque de décès) dans la cohorte PAQUID. Ces résultats ont été répliqués dans une deuxième cohorte, la cohorte AMI, confirmant la robustesse de ces associations. Grâce à ce proxy, nous avons pu analyser dans PAQUID les trajectoires de qualité de vie des individus ayant intégré une institution au cours du suivi. Les résultats ont montré une baisse significative de la qualité de vie après l’entrée en institution, signant une rupture substantielle dans la vie de l’individu. Néanmoins, cette baisse n’était pas suivie d’un déclin plus important par rapport aux personnes vivant à domicile, illustrant une relative adaptation à ces nouvelles conditions de vie. Les études de cohorte, bien que très utiles pour appréhender, notamment, l’étude des trajectoires de qualité de vie sur un grand nombre de personnes, ne nous donnent néanmoins pas accès à certaines informations plus fines en lien avec le contexte de l’admission, comme la participation de la personne âgée dans la décision, ou encore le niveau d’urgence associé à l’entrée. Pour aller plus loin dans la compréhension de cette transition domicile-institution, nous avons mis en place l’étude QOL-EHPAD. La rédaction du protocole, la mise en place de l’étude ainsi que l’inclusion et le suivi des 25 premiers participants et leurs aidants ont fait partie intégrante de cette thèse. L’étude, toujours en cours, nous permettra de mieux comprendre les déterminants liés au contexte de l’entrée en EHPAD de l’adaptation et de la qualité de vie ultérieure des personnes souffrant de démence entrant en institution. Ces recherches autour de la qualité de vie des personnes âgées en institution se poursuivront avec la mise en place de deux études observationnelles en Guadeloupe, KASEHPAD et KASAF, qui s’intéresseront aux résidents en EHPAD mais également aux personnes âgées accueillies en familles d’accueil pour personnes âgées dépendantes. En filigrane, ce travail questionne finalement les limites d’une prise en charge collective dans l’appréhension des parcours individuels, dans un contexte où, malgré des besoins croissants en termes d’accompagnement de la dépendance, les alternatives à l’EHPAD restent encore rares
Having to move into a retirement home is usually a dreaded and poorly tolerated situation, whether for the residents-to-be or their families. Indeed, nursing home admission challenges one’s social role, financial situation and sense of self. It raises fundamental questions about the likelihood to adjust to a place where no one wants to live, and to uphold a satisfactory quality of life in this context. Surprisingly, few studies, mainly cross-sectional ones, have dealt with the impact of nursing home admission on quality of life. Nevertheless, an objective assessment of these consequences requires access to longitudinal data, in order to capture changes over the course of the institutionalisation process. Therefore, this work relies on two complementary approaches: an epidemiologic approach, based on data from two population-based cohorts (PAQUID and AMI), and grounded clinical research, with the implementation of QoL-EHPAD, a prospective, observational, multicentre study. First, we assessed the relevance and validity of a subjective quality of life proxy, made up of six items: the four items of the positive affects subscale from the CES-D (Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression Scale), one item assessing subjective health, and one assessing life satisfaction. Based on data from PAQUID, the proxy was validated against known objective predictors of subjective quality of life: depression, number of comorbidities, dependence and negative life events for the cross-sectional analyses, and risk of death over ten years for the longitudinal analyses. A replication study using data from the AMI study confirmed these associations. We then used this proxy in the PAQUID study over a twenty-year period, to study the quality of life trajectory of people who entered a nursing home. Results showed a significant drop after admission, evidencing a disruption in quality of life related to nursing home admission. Nevertheless, despite this initial decrease, nursing home residents showed no greater decline over time compared to community-dwellers, denoting a relative adjustment to their new living conditions. Cohort studies, while helpful in capturing gross quality of life trajectories in large samples, do not inform us on the specifics surrounding the transition from home to nursing home, such as the decisional involvement of the resident, or the planned or unplanned character of the admission. The QoL-EHPAD study is a step towards the characterization of these specifics. Edition of regulatory documents and implementation of the different stages of the study, including baseline and follow-up visits of the first 25 dyads, were integral components of this doctoral research. This study should provide a better understanding on how the circumstances of admission shape subsequent subjective quality of life and adaptation in residents suffering from dementia. The implementation of two observational cohort studies in Guadeloupe, France, will provide further information on the living conditions and quality of life of elderly people in nursing homes, but also in foster care homes. Overall, this work questions the apprehension of individual trajectories in a context of collective care, especially since, despite ever-increasing needs, alternatives to nursing homes remain scarce

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Fagerberg, Emma, and Erika Grundberg. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av stöd i arbetet med beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens på särskilt boende : Registered nurses experiences of support in the work with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in nursing homes." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-33819.

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Bakgrund: Cirka 40 % av alla personer med demenssjukdom bor på särskilt boende. De flesta av dem drabbas någon gång av beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens (BPSD). I äldreomsorgen är det sjuksköterskan som har det kliniska omvårdnadsansvaret. Sjuksköterskan har därmed en viktig funktion när det gäller att säkerställa att dessa personer får en god personcentrerad vård. Arbetet med att minska BPSD är ofta komplicerat och kräver samarbete med andra yrkesprofessioner. Vilket stöd får sjuksköterskor i arbetet med BPSD? Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av stöd i arbetet med beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demens på särskilt boende. Metod: Kvalitativ design med semistrukturerade intervjuer av sjuksköterskor som arbetade på särskilt boende. Intervjuerna analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att det multiprofessionella teamarbetet var ett stort stöd i arbetet med BPSD eftersom det var en förutsättning för att kunna utföra en personcentrerad omvårdnad. Hur bra stöd de fick varierade och de vände sig oftast till sina närmsta kollegor. En stöttande organisation ansågs underlätta och sjuksköterskorna önskade sig mer stöd i form av utbildning inom demens. Slutsatser: Stöd från ett välfungerande multiprofessionellt team, kompetensutveckling inom demens och en stöttande organisation ger goda förutsättningar för sjuksköterskan att kunna utföra personcentrerad vård i arbetet med BPSD.

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Yousef, Hanna. "High Aspect Ratio Microstructures in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards : Process and Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8565.

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Flexible printed circuit boards (flex PCBs) are used in a wide range of electronic devices today due to their light weight, bendability, extensive wiring possibilities, and low-cost manufacturing techniques. The general trend in the flex PCB industry is further miniaturization alongside increasing functionality per device and reduced costs. To meet these demands, a new generation of low cost manufacturing technologies is being developed to enable structures with smaller lateral dimensions and higher packing densities.

Wet etching is today the most cost-efficient method for producing a large number of through-foil structures in flex PCBs. However, conventional wet etch techniques do not allow for through-foil structures with aspect ratios over 1 – a fact that either necessitates thin and mechanically weak foils or puts severe limitations on the packing density. The fabrication techniques presented in this thesis allow for through-foil structures with higher aspect ratios and packing densities using wet etching. To achieve high aspect ratios with wet etching, the flex PCB foils are pre-treated with irradiation by swift heavy ions. Each ion that passes through the foil leaves a track of damaged material which can be subsequently etched to form highly vertical pores. By using conventional flex PCB process techniques on the porous foils, high aspect ratio metallized through-foil structures are demonstrated.

The resulting structures consist of multiple sub-micrometer sized wires. These structures are superior to their conventional counterparts when it comes to their higher aspect ratios, higher possible packing densities and low metallic cross-section. Furthermore, metallized through-foil structures with larger areas and more complicated geometries are possible without losing the mechanical stability of the foil. This in turn enables applications that are not possible using conventional techniques and structures. In this thesis, two such applications are demonstrated: flex PCB vertical thermopile sensors and substrate integrated waveguides for use in millimeter wave applications.

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Albayrak, Sabrina. "Respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées en institution : impacts sur la perception de la qualité de vie des résidents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV017.

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L’objectif général de la thèse était d’une part d’étudier le rôle de l’impact des politiques menées en matière de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques dans les EHPAD/EHPA sur l’émergence des libertés des résidents et d’autre part sur le choix de leur mode de vie.La première partie de la thèse visait à étudier l’état du vieillissement, le statut des personnes âgées en France et l’influence de nos représentations sociales sur leurs comportements. L’hypothèse d’une association entre les préjugés que porte la société sur les personnes âgées et la réduction de leur autonomie a été induite.La deuxième partie de la thèse visait à mieux comprendre les possibilités d’expression des résidents en EHPAD/EHPA et quels étaient les facteurs qui permettaient leur émergence dans des lieux normalisés. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que, quel que soit le niveau de dépendance d’une personne (physique et/ou psychique), celle-ci possédera toujours des marges de liberté dont l’expression est déterminée par des facteurs externes et internes à elle.La troisième partie de la thèse s’est intéressée aux politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées et aux enjeux éthiques, médicaux et sociaux que cette notion soulève. L’hypothèse d’une association entre l’application de ces politiques et un contexte organisationnel a été soulevée.Enfin, dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié l’impact des politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des résidents sur la perception de leur qualité de vie. Pour cela, nous avons coproduit une grille d’indicateurs nous permettant de distinguer les institutions respectueuses des droits et des risques des personnes âgées avec des résidents. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus montrent l’importance de prendre en compte le respect et la dignité des personnes âgées tant au niveau individuel que contextuel dans l’étude des facteurs protecteurs de la qualité de vie
The aim of this thesis was first to study how the liberty of the residents in nursing homes for elderly has been impacted by the policies led regarding the respect of the right to choose and to take risks. Secondly, we studied the impact they had on the way of living chosen by the elderly.The first part of the thesis aims at studying the state of the aging process and the status of the elderly in France and the influence of our own social representations, on their behavior. The hypothesis of a link between our Society’s prejudices on the elderly and the decrease in their autonomy is implicit.The second part of the thesis aims at better understanding the nursing homes residents’ expression possibilities. We also focused on the factors which would allow their emergence in standard places at all levels of social life.Our main hypothesis is that the dependency level of a person (physical and/or psychological) is no impediment to his or her capacity to bear in mind their liberty margin, which expression is determined by external and internal personal factors.The third part of the thesis tackles the policies put in place to respect the elderly rights to choose and take risks within their caring homes, as well as the ethical, medical and social stakes raised by this notion.The hypothesis of the link between the setting up of these policies and a certain organizational context has been emphasized.Finally, in the last part, we studied the impact the policies applied on the respect to choose and take risks had on the residents’ perception of their quality of life.An indicator grid has been co-produced to distinguish the institutions respect of their residents’ rights and risks.The results we obtained highlights the significance of taking into account the respect and the dignity of the elderly in the study of the protective factors of the quality of life, both at the individual and contextual level

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Mennereau, Caroline. "Vivre et travailler dans une institution totale qui accueille des personnes sur le long terme : étude comparative des centres de détention, des établissements pour personnes âgées dépendantes et des monastères." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20070/document.

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Les établissements pour personnes âgées, les centres pénitentiaires et les monastères, trois univers à priori très différents. Et pourtant, nous y avons constaté des similarités qui nous ont amenés à réfléchir sur la problématique suivante : Quelles dynamiques psychiques interagissent dans une institution totale (Goffman, 1968) qui accueille des personnes sur le long terme, d’une part selon que le mode d’entrée principal y soit choisi, contraint ou forcé, et d’autre part selon que le sujet ait la capacité de quitter librement l’institution ou non ? Cette question nous permet de penser les liens mouvants et interdépendants entre le sujet, l’institution et la société. Dans cette étude, c’est à la rencontre de l’humain que nous allons, qu’il soit âgé et dépendant, prisonnier, soignant, surveillant ou moine. Leurs témoignages nous amènent à repenser lesquestions de l’ego, de la paix, de la liberté et de l’amou
Retirement homes, detention centers and monasteries : at first sight, these three institutions seem to be very different. Nevertheless, we noticed similarities which led us to ask ourselves the following question: What are the psychic dynamics involved in a total institution (GOFFMAN, 1968) which receives persons on a long-term basis, depending on whether the main admission mode is chosen, constrained or forced, or whether the subject has the ability to leave the institution freely or not ? This question allow us to think about the shifting and independent links between people, institution and society. This study is about meeting differents humans whether they are old and dependant, prisoner, nurse, prison warder or monks. Their testimonies invite us to reconsider the question of ego, peace, freedom and love

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Oliveira, Gabriel Brassi Silvestre de. "Tradução e adaptação da quality of life scales for nursing home residents para o contexto brasileiro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3279.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The Homes for the Aged may influence the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. However, there is a paucity of literature on specific instruments that assess the quality of life of older people in these contexts. The aim of this study was to culturally adapt the instrument Quality of Life Scales for Nursing Home Residents for the brazilian context. The scale has 54 items in total and includes eleven domains answered in the form of Likert scale and is used to assess the social and psychological aspects of QOL of patients. It is a methodological research, which followed the steps described in the literature on translation and adaptation of instruments: translation; synthesis of translations; back translation; review by a committee of judges and pretesting. The initial translation was developed by two independent qualified translators who investigated and corrected errors of interpretations and of ambiguous terms in the original language. Both translators and researchers conducted a synthesis of the results of the translations. In the back translation, the consensual translated version of the instrument was again passed into the original language (American English). In the next step, a review by a committee of judges aimed to produce a final version, modified and adapted after review and comparison of all translations performed. Likert scale was used for each item of the scale and calculated the Content Validity Index (CVI) in order to produce the final version and adapted. Items that had Validity Index (CVI) of 0.80 were reviewed again by experts. In the last step, the pre-test, the instrument was administered to 15 elderly patients in Homes for the Aged in order to confirm understanding, clarity of all questions in this sample. This step was developed in long-stay institutions for the elderly in a city in the state of São Paulo, in 2013. The Quality of Life Scales for Nursing Home Residents was translated and adapted to the brazilian context. The application of the instrument through the sample of institutionalized elderly showed clarity and understanding of all the items of the instrument.
As Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) podem influenciar a qualidade de vida (QV) de seus residentes. No entanto, há na literatura uma escassez de instrumentos específicos que avaliem a QV de idosos nesses contextos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação cultural do instrumento Quality of Life Scales for Nursing Home Residents, para o contexto brasileiro. A escala possui 54 itens ao todo e inclui onze domínios respondidos no formato da escala Likert e é utilizada para avaliar os aspectos sociais e psicológicos da QV. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, que seguiu os seguintes passos descritos na literatura sobre tradução e adaptação de instrumentos: tradução; síntese das traduções; retrotradução; revisão por um comitê de juízes e o pré-teste. A tradução inicial foi desenvolvida por dois tradutores independentes e qualificados, que investigaram e corrigiram erros de interpretações e de termos ambíguos no idioma original. Os dois tradutores e os pesquisadores realizaram uma síntese do resultado das traduções. Já na retrotradução, a versão consensual traduzida do instrumento foi novamente passada para a língua de origem (inglês americano). Na etapa seguinte, a revisão por um comitê de juízes teve como objetivo produzir uma versão final, modificada e adaptada após revisão e comparação de todas as traduções realizadas. Foi utilizada uma escala Likert para cada item da escala e calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), a fim de produzir a versão final e adaptada. Os itens que obtiveram Índice de Validade (IVC) de 0,80 foram revisados novamente pelos especialistas. Na última etapa, o pré-teste, o instrumento foi aplicado para 15 idosos residentes em ILPI a fim de confirmar a compreensão e a clareza de todas as perguntas nessa amostra. Esta etapa foi desenvolvida em Instituições de Longa Permanência para idosos em uma cidade no interior do estado de São Paulo, no ano de 2013. A escala Quality of life Scales for Nursing Home Residents foi traduzida e adaptada para o contexto brasileiro. A aplicação do instrumento por meio da amostra de idosos institucionalizados apresentou clareza e compreensão de todos os itens do instrumento.

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Fèvre, Angélique. "Le silicium poreux pour les périphéries TRIAC." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4028/document.

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Ces travaux se sont consacrés à l’étude de l’intégration du silicium poreux au procédé de fabrication des TRIACs. Ce matériau a pour but d’optimiser les structures actuelles du point de vue de leur périphérie. Son utilisation en tant que terminaison de jonction pourrait ouvrir la voie à une diminution de la taille des puces et donc augmenter la quantité de puces par wafer. Le silicium poreux est intégré aux périphéries des TRIACs par gravure électrochimique dans du silicium faiblement dopé n (30−40 Ω.cm). Pour assurer le bon déroulement de la réaction et ce dans un cadre industriel, la technique d’injection de trous depuis une jonction p+/n est étudiée. L’influence des paramètres d’anodisation dans ces conditions est analysée. Une double couche composée de silicium macroporeux rempli de silicium mésoporeux et surmonté d’une couche de nucléation a été obtenue. Le silicium poreux est localisé dans la périphérie des TRIACs. Des mesures de tenue en tension d’une jonction p/n présentant cette terminaison à base de silicium poreux ont été évaluées et ont montrées des tenues en tension dix fois supérieures à la même structure sans silicium poreux. Toutefois, des perspectives d’amélioration sont proposées car ces résultats restent insuffisants
The integration of porous silicon to TRIACs process is studied. The aim of this material is to optimize current structures dedicated to electrical insulation of those components namely the periphery. The use of porous silicon as junction termination could allow the increase of the number of die per wafer. Porous silicon is integrated to TRIAC peripheries by electrochemical etching in low doped n type silicon (30−40 Ω.cm). Hole injection from a p+/n junction is studied to determine the performance of the reaction as part of an industrial microelectronic process. The reaction parameters are studied in those conditions. A double layer consisting in a macroporous layer fully filled with mesoporous silicon and surmounted by a nucleation layer, is obtained. Porous silicon formation is limited to TRIAC peripheries. Voltage withstand of a p/n junction with porous silicon termination shows values ten times higher than the same structure without this insulator. Nevertheless, prospects of improvement are suggested because those results are insufficient

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Arando, Lasagabaster Maider. "La reemergencia de la sífilis en Barcelona 2003-2015." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669943.

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En muchas ciudades europeas y norteamericanas se ha visto un incremento importante de los casos de sífilis, en relación a las conductas de riesgo. Esta tesis analiza la situación en Barcelona a partir de 2 estudios, uno retrospectivo y otro prospectivo realizados en la unidad de ITS de Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes. En el estudio retrospectivo se ha observado un incremento del 300% de los casos de sífilis precoz durante el periodo 2003-2013, afectando, sobre todo, a HSH, de los cuales el 30% presentaban una coinfección con el VIH. Dicho aumento se ha correlacionado con el número de contactos sexuales y el sexo anal desprotegido, conductas observadas más frecuentemente en pacientes VIH positivos. Desde el punto de vista clínico, el estadio más frecuente ha sido el secundarismo sifilítico, seguido de sífilis primaria y sífilis latente precoz. Durante el periodo del estudio, al aumentar la frecuencia de cribado, aumentaron también los casos de sífilis latente precoz, sobre todo en VIH negativos. Los pacientes que tenían antecedente de sífilis presentaron menos frecuentemente una sífilis primaria, probablemente relacionado con la inmunidad. Tanto los pacientes VIH positivos como los que tenían antecedente de sífilis presentaron títulos del RPR superiores, sin que influyese ninguno de los dos en la evolución de la misma. En el estudio prospectivo, desde el punto de vista epidemiológico se observó que más de dos tercios de los participantes había tenido ocasionalmente relaciones sexuales desprotegidas (con una mediana de 10 contactos en los 12 meses previos), más de la mitad había practicado sexo en grupo y había consumido drogas con la intención de mantener relaciones sexuales. Enfocando el análisis en pacientes VIH positivos se observó que estos tenían con mayor frecuencia sexo anal desprotegido con un mayor número de contactos. Además, practicaban más frecuentemente sexo en grupo, serosorting y chemsex. Tanto a nivel global como en los pacientes VIH positivos el secundarismo sifilítico fue el estadio que más frecuentemente se observó. Clínicamente, la única diferencia observada entre ambos grupos fue que los pacientes VIH positivos presentaron más frecuentemente chancro anal en la sífilis primaria. Se realizó la tipificación del T. pallidum para determinar si un tipo concreto podría explicar algunas manifestaciones clínicas, sin obtener un resultado conclusivo debido a la alta variedad de tipos y el número pequeño de la muestra. Los títulos del RPR fueron superiores en pacientes VIH positivos, incluso tras estratificar por el estadio y antecedente de sífilis, sin que hubiese diferencias en la tasa de curación tras recibir el mismo tratamiento. Un tercio de los pacientes presentó reacción de Jarisch-Herxheimer, observándose de forma más prevalente en sífilis primaria y secundaria que, en sífilis latente precoz, siendo la fiebre la presentación más común. Al analizar los factores de riesgo, la reacción no se relacionó con el VIH, antecedente de sífilis o títulos del RPR, observándose que se daba con menos probabilidad en pacientes tratados con doxiciclina. Al analizar mediante la tipificación del T. pallidum no se pudo determinar una relación entre la reacción de J-H y alguno de ellos. Para determinar qué factores estaban más estrechamente relacionados con la adquisición de la sífilis, se realizó un subestadio en pacientes que habían acudido por estudio de contactos, describiéndose como factor determinante el mantener relaciones anales desprotegidas, demostrando a su vez la importancia del tratamiento epidemiológico precoz en dichos pacientes. Tras este amplio estudio, concluiría que para el control de la sífilis es necesario mantener básicamente el enfoque tradicional con la correspondiente actualización: cribados generalizados, tratamiento precoz, estudio de contactos, implicación de las autoridades de salud pública, educación a la población diana, formación de los profesionales sanitarios, e investigación continua.
Since 2000, substantially higher syphilis rates have been reported in association with high-risk factors in metropolitan areas of Western countries. This thesis analyzes the situation in Barcelona based on two studies: a retrospective study and a prospective study, both undertaken at the Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes STI Unit in Barcelona and described herein. In the retrospective study, the same upward trend was also observed from 2003 to 2013. In fact, a 300% increase in cases of early syphilis was found especially among men who have sex with men, 30% of whom were HIV-positive. This surge was related to high numbers of contacts and condomless anal sex, which were more common risk factors in HIV-positive patients. Clinically, secondary syphilis was seen most often, followed by primary syphilis and early latent syphilis. During the study period, a rise was observed in the number of syphilis cases diagnosed during routine screening and, consequently, also in the number of latent syphilis cases, especially in HIV-negative patients. Patients with a history of syphilis presented less often with primary syphilis, probably in relation to immunological factors. HIV-positive patients and/or patients with previous syphilis had higher RPR titers than patients who were HIV-negative and/or had no history of syphilis, with similar clinical progress seen in both groups. A detailed analysis of the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological findings was undertaken in patients with early syphilis diagnosed in 2015. In terms of epidemiology, two-thirds of participants had engaged in occasional condomless anal sex with a median of 10 contacts in the previous 12 months, and over half had participated in group sex and/or used drugs for sex. In the comparative study, HIV-positive patients were more likely to have had condomless anal sex with a higher number of contacts, to have participated in group sex, to have practiced serosorting, and to have chemsex. Clinically, secondary syphilis was the most common stage in both the overall study population and in HIV-positive patients, with primary syphilis seen less often in the latter group. In primary syphilis, anal chancre was more common in HIV positive patients. T. pallidum typification was performed to determine if a specific type might explain some clinical manifestations, but the results were not conclusive due to the wide variety of types observed and the small sample size. RPR titers were higher in HIV-positive patients, a finding also true after stratifying by stage and previous syphilis, with no difference in cure rates between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. One-third of patients experienced a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, a response seen more often in patients with primary and secondary syphilis and less often in early latent syphilis. The most common sign was fever. An analysis of the risk factors associated with J-H reaction suggested no relationship with HIV serostatus, history of syphilis, or RPR titers, with patients treated with doxycycline found to be less likely to experience this reaction. When analyzing whether the reaction might be related to a particular serovar, no specific trends were observed, as T. pallidum type varied considerably. In the study of patients who consulted in the context of contact tracing, condomless anal sex was the only variable still significant when comparing risk factors between patients with versus without post-contact syphilis, demonstrating the importance of early epidemiological treatment in these patients. In view of this large study, we concluded that the approaches used to control syphilis should be similar as those proposed almost one hundred years ago: widespread screening, timely treatment, contact tracing, patient education, professional training and participation, public health measures and ongoing research.

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Cornejo, Ovalle Marco 1969. "Salud bucal y su atención en las personas mayores institucionalizadas de Barcelona y el impacto en su calidad de vida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145478.

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El propósito de esta tesis ha sido investigar el estado de salud bucal de las personas mayores institucionalizadas en Barcelona y los cuidados que ellos reciben para promover y mantener su salud bucal. Por otro lado, evaluar la evolución de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en el uso de los servicios dentales en Chile, donde se garantizó la atención de salud bucal a algunos grupos poblacionales. Ello con la finalidad de proponer el esquema de garantías de algunas atenciones de salud bucal como una estrategia para mejorar, en el largo plazo, el impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores. Los resultados muestran que las personas mayores institucionalizadas en Barcelona presentan una mala salud bucal y una mala calidad de vida en relación a su salud bucal (Artículo 1). Aunque este colectivo recibe los cuidados diarios de salud bucal protocolizados, hay características de las instituciones y de las personas cuidadoras de mayores, que impiden optimizar la realización de estas actividades (Artículo 2). Por otro lado, las desigualdades socioeconómicas en el uso de los servicios odontológicos en Chile disminuyeron significativamente luego de la implementación del esquema de garantías de atención dental (Artículo 3). Se enfatiza la importancia de fomentar estrategias para apoyar y promover la salud bucal de las personas mayores institucionalizadas, cuyo estado de salud general disminuye su capacidad de autocuidado. Además se destaca que los aspectos estructurales como el aseguramiento y cobertura de las atenciones dentales favorecen un uso más equitativo de los servicios odontológicos. El esquema de garantizar la atención de salud bucal a grupos más vulnerables, como es el colectivo de personas mayores institucionalizadas, pudiera ser una estrategia adecuada para España donde actualmente la población carece de cobertura de atención dental.
The purpose of this thesis was to describe the oral health status of institutionalized elderly in Barcelona and the oral-health care they receive to promote and to maintain their oral health. On the other hand, another goal was to assess the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental services in Chile, a country that guaranteed the oral health care to some people. This in order to propose the scheme ensuring some oral health care as a strategy to improve, in the long term, the impact of oral health on the quality of life of older people . The results show that institutionalized elderly in Barcelona have poor oral health and poor quality of life in relation to their oral health (Paper 1). Although this group receives daily oral health care, there are features of institutions and caregivers, hindering optimize the performance of these activities (Paper 2). On the other hand, socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental services significantly decreased after the implementation of the guarantees for dental care in Chile (Paper 3). It emphasizes the importance of developing strategies to support and promote a better oral health among institutionalized elderly, whose overall health decreases their ability to self-care. Also noteworthy is that the structural aspects such as insurance and dental care coverage contribute to a more equitable use of dental services. The scheme ensuring oral health care and services to vulnerable groups, such as the institutionalized elderly collective, could be an appropriate policy for Spain where the population currently lacks of dental care coverage.

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Serna, Audrey. "Observation et modélisation des processus exécutifs et de leur dégradation lors du vieillissement cognitif dans la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5105.

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Résumé : Pour assister efficacement les personnes en perte d'autonomie dans le contexte des habitats intelligents, il est essentiel d'identifier les difficultés auxquelles ces personnes sont confrontées dans leur quotidien. L'objectif de ce travail est d'observer les processus exécutifs durant les activités de la vie quotidienne, ainsi que leur dysfonctionnement lors du vieillissement cognitif (normal ou lié à la maladie d'Alzheimer), puis d'élaborer un modèle théorique et informatique capable de simuler les comportements observés. Une phase d'observation et de qualification des processus de contrôle exécutif (capacités de régulation de l'action, de correction et d'adaptation lors de situations imprévues) a d'abord été réalisée, dornnant lieu à la spécification d'un modèle théorique fondé sur le modèle de contrôle attentionnel de l'action de Norman et Shallice. Le modèle théorique a ensuite été implémenté informatiquement et permet de simuler une activité quotidienne spécifique. // Abstract : In order to assist patients who are loosing their autonomy, smart homes and cognitive assistance systems have to be based on a good knowledge of people's disorders and on the difficulties they are likely to encounter in daily life. The specific objective of this PhD is to observe executive processes involved in the completion of daily activities and their impairment during ageing and dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and then to design both theoretical and computational models which are able to generate the observed behaviours. An observation and a qualification phase, allowing to observe executive control processes (action regulation, correction and adaptation when unexpected situations occur) have been first realized, leading to the specification of a theoretical model based on the Norman and Shallice model. This theoretical model has then been implemented to obtain a computational model, which allows the simulation of a specific activity of daily living.

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Yuan, Michael Juntao Wills Beverley J. Evans Neal J. "Unification of QSOs via black hole and accretion properties." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143499.

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Yuan, Michael Juntao. "Unification of QSOs via black hole and accretion properties." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1462.

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Pan, Jun-Liang, and 潘俊良. "A band-pass filter using via-hole-wall cavity." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60755734279645836225.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程系所
95
In this thesis, we developed a band-pass filter using via-hole arrays cavity implemented on a 2-layered printed circuit board. The pass-band center frequency may be roughly estimated by the resonance frequency of the cavity. The bandwidth of the filter may be altered by changing the length of the coupling apertures. The scattering parameters, including the insertion and return losses were simulated by using CST microwave studio. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulation results.

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Mor, I.-Shien, and 莫亦先. "Study on the via hole and Low Dielectric layer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46416034694156598356.

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碩士
國立交通大學
材料科學與工程研究所
86
In this thesis, we will study how to reduce RC time delay. The following investigation is dvided into two major topics. 　　The first topic, we investigate a kind of low dielectric constant materials such as methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) which is treated by various plasma. There are four kinds of plasmas were used H2, O2, N2O and NH3. After H2 plasma treatment, the dangling bonds of silicon atom in the surface of MSQ film were eliminated, thus the dielectric constant of MSQ film wre improved, also the leakage current become smaller than those untreated films. 　　Due to the silicon-methyl bonds of the MSQ film were continuously broken during the O2 plasma treatment process, both the dielectric constant and the leakage current of MSQ film were increased. 　　In addition, after the MSQ film were treated by N2O and NH3 plasma. Passivation behaviors were observed on the MSQ surface. The passivation layer on the MSQ surface prevent MSQ which is under the passivation layer from O2 plasma damage. Thus, when MSQ film treated by N2O or NH3 plasma and following by O2 plasma treatment, the lower dielectric constant and leakage current could be gotten. 　　The second topic, we investigated the clean capability of solutions. In the new cleaning solution development, we investigate the cleaning capability of (NH2OH)2H2SO4 combined with CuSO4 Low via resistance of electrical test structre is obtained if the via is cleaned by this new cleaning solution. The role of CuSO4. The cleaning capability of (NH2OH)2H2SO4 combined with CuSO4 is better than that of (NH2OH)2H2SO4. Low via resistance of electrical test structure is obtained if the via is cleaned by this new cleaning solution. The role of CuSO4 in the new solution is provide Cu to passive the Al surfaced. The copper is more stable than aluminum in the environment. The copper is hard be oxidated. The (NH2OH)2H2SO4 in this new solution can efficient ot remove AL3O2 and leave the clean Al on the surface of via. Then, the Cu ion in this new solution will immediately react with clean Al and form a copper passivated layer on the surface of via. Therefore, (NH2OH)2H2SO4 combined with CuSO4 can provide excellent cleaning capability for aluminum via hole 　　Finally, we find that one step clean process is better than two step clean process for selectivity of W-CVD and the lower via resistance could be achieved. 　　To clean via hole, for clean temperature, 50℃ is the optimal clean temperature and 1 min is the optimal clean time.

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Wu, Zong-Lin, and 吳宗霖. "A dual-bandpass filter using via-hole-wall waveguide." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39881482069703947874.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電信工程系所
95
In this thesis, we proposed a planar dual-bandpass filter with bend design. With this bend structure, the higher harmonics response of the proposed dual-bandpass filter can have a suppression of nearly -30dB; meanwhile, the first and the second pass-band specifications remain unchanged. Besides, we found that the second pass-band frequency is tunable by adjusting the length of each cavity. In order to demonstrate the proposed filter performance, four filters with different cavity length were implemented on a low-loss dielectric substrate. In addition to changing the length of each cavity, we changed the aperture length to observe the variation of pass-band bandwidth. From the simulated and measured results, the proposed filter obtains more than -25 dB suppression in average. The measurement shows a very good agreement with simulation.

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Ding-Jun, Wang, and 王鼎鈞. "Compensation for impedance mismatch of plated through-hole vias with via stubs in multilayer PCBs by using high-impedance lines." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vj85w4.

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碩士
中原大學
通訊工程碩士學位學程
105
This paper is studied in multilayer printed circuit board (PCB), the transmission signal line is transmitted by signal via, while the unused connecting signal via will form a stub, it will influence Frequency-Domain Return Loss |S11|, Insertion Loss |S21|and Time-Domain Reflection (TDR).First of all, we propose the effect of signal via is the capacitance effect that the impedance drops, so we use the high-impedance transmission line to achieve impedance matching. Because the wiring is conducted on different levels in accordance with the proposes and other requirements, so that this paper use the simulator Q3D to design the impedance design chart, according to different transmission line impedance corresponding to different routing angle, and use the 3-D full-wave simulator HFSS to draw the structure, finishing the results and verifying that this and the theory are mutually confirmed. Except for a single structure, there are also different impedance design charts for differential mode structures, regardless of the Frequency-Domain waveform or Time-Domain waveforms are significantly improved, enhance its signal integrity.

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Chuang, Chun-Chieh, and 莊竣傑. "Ground Via Design for Suppressing Ground Bounce Noise Caused by Plated Through-Hole Signal Via in Multilayer PCBs." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/964vvc.

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碩士
中原大學
電子工程研究所
107
With the advancement of the high-speed digital era, the operating frequency of electronic product circuits is getting more and more high frequency and the transmission speed of the signal is also getting faster. The process of high-speed digital signal transmission will cause signal integrity (SI), power integrity (PI), electromagnetic interference(EMI), electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and so on. Therefore, the analysis of related issues on printed circuit board (PCB) will become more and more important. This paper discusses the ground bounce noise (GBN) caused by signal line through different layers. There are many through-hole vias in PCB, and transmission lines, ground planes and power planes between layers are often connected by vias. When the electrical signal passes through vias, transient voltage is generated between two metal planes such as ground planes and power planes. The noise voltage is the ground bounce noise (GBN). When the electronic system is disturbed by noise, it is easy to make voltage level misjudgment cause signal integrity. This paper analyzes the GBN generation mechanism by signal via. Through the ground via, the propagation of GBN is effectively suppressed. Then design the relative position between ground via and signal via, reduce the interference of GBN on other transmission lines.

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Wu, Ching-Feng, and 吳青峰. "Backside Via Hole Process for Grounding GaAs HEMTs by Using ICP Dry Etching." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61271534951391544898.

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碩士
國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系
101
This study focuses on ICP dry etching optimization for via hole structure of GaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs pHEMTs and investigation of grounding GaAs HEMTs. The etching process of the via hole structure for GaAs substrate was optimized to obtain ideal via hole profiles with flat bottom, smooth and slanted sidewall by ICP dry etcher with AZ-4620 photoresist etching mask. The etching condition was optimized with different ICP parameters such as coil power, pressure, platen power, total flow rate and flow rate ratio of etching gases Cl2 and BCl3. In addition, the influences of different parameters were also investigated. Etch rate can be increased with higher coil power, pressure and total flow rate. The smoothness of etch profiles can be enhanced apparently by reducing chamber pressure. An optimized ICP dry etching condition for the backside process of GaAs substrate had been obtained with 600 W coil power, 10 mtorr pressure and a Cl2 and BCl3 flow rate ratio of 3:1. After ICP dry etching process, the gold layer was electroplated on the sample with good continuity to act as a grounding plane. Afterwards, the devices were characterized by DC and RF measurements. The DC performances show no degradation after backside process. From the S-parameters measurement, the output inductance reduces from 520 pH to 380 pH after backside process. The cut-off frequency is increased from 32 GHz to 38 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency is increased from 53 GHz to 57 GHz. Therefore, via hole grounding is proved to be an effective approach to improve RF performances.

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Chiu, Chao Cheng, and 邱昭盛. "Study of via-filling a through hole by using pulse reverse plating approach." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88341967164493031021.

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碩士
長庚大學
化工與材料工程研究所
97
In this research, we study of via-filling a through hole by using pulse reverse plating in a copper plating system in this research. The process parameters in influence on copper deposition were studied. Experimenting, the copper thickness inside holes and copper thickness on the pcb surface were measured by the optical microscope and the differences of deposited copper efficiency between inside in hole and on the surface observed. Copper can be dissolved from the deposited position and diffuse into center of through hole in reverse pulse process which indicated better plating efficiency. The longer of reverse pulse time and current, the more plating efficiency on inside of through hole. Better process parameters in approach are cycle time of 68 ms, reverse time 4 ms, forward current of 7ASD, reverse current of 35 ASD and plating time of 24 min.

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Hsu, Chih-Wen, and 徐志文. "A Thin and Deep Hole Drilling via a Fuzzy Discrete Sliding Mode Control." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11281350666148086076.

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Fu, Yongqi, and Kok Ann Bryan Ngoi. "Investigation of aspect ratio of hole drilling from micro to nanoscale via focused ion beam fine milling." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7450.

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Holes with different sizes from microscale to nanoscale were directly fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in this paper. Maximum aspect ratio of the fabricated holes can be 5:1 for the hole with large size with pure FIB milling, 10:1 for gas assistant etching, and 1:1 for the hole with size below 100 nm. A phenomenon of volume swell at the boundary of the hole was observed. The reason maybe due to the dose dependence of the effective sputter yield in low intensity Gaussian beam tail regions and redeposition. Different materials were used to investigate variation of the aspect ratio. The results show that for some special material, such as Ni-Be, the corresponding aspect ratio can reach 13.8:1 with Cl₂ assistant etching, but only 0.09:1 for Si(100) with single scan of the FIB.
Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

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Tsai, Ho-yen, and 蔡和諺. "5-Gbps Optical Interconnect Module Realized on Ceramic Substrate with High-Speed Via-Hole Structure." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46009430786668105973.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學研究所
100
In this thesis, a 5-Gbps optical interconnect module realized on a ceramic substrate with high-speed via-holes is proposed. An optical sub-assembly (OSA), a transmitter driver IC, and a receiver TIA are combined on a ceramic substrate using the system in packaging (SIP) technology. In the packaging approaches, the transmitter driver IC and receiver TIA are assembled using the flip-chip bonding method. Then, the solder bumps are applied to assemble the proposed optical interconnect module onto the printed circuit board (PCB). Finally, high-speed via-holes provide 3-D signal connectivity between OSA and PCB. As a result, a 3-D optical interconnect module has been demonstrated. In the design, the simulation and measurement results of S-parameters are analyzed for the passive circuit with high-speed via-holes, single-ended transmission lines, and differential transmission lines. Both high-speed via-holes and transmission lines are designed based on the coplanar waveguide structure. The module consisting of high-speed via-holes and differential transmission lines is also analyzed. Its return loss and insertion loss are -11.84 and -1.7 dB, respectively, at 5-GHz. The eye diagram of whole module has been validated at the data rate of 5-Gbps. The high-speed via-holes in the module is practicable in the application of optical interconnect.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Via holes'

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