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Journal articles on the topic 'Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Hamabata, Takashi, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Masaaki Iwaki, Ayae Nishiyama, Akihiko Yamamoto, and Keigo Shibayama. "Induction and Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Corynebacterium diphtheriae." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050927.

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Many pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae, can become viable but nonculturable (VBNC) following exposure to specific stress conditions. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a known human pathogen causing diphtheria, has not previously been shown to enter the VBNC state. Here, we report that C. diphtheriae can become VBNC when exposed to low temperatures. Morphological differences in culturable and VBNC C. diphtheriae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Culturable cells presented with a typical rod-shape, whereas VBNC cells showed a distorted shape with an e

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2

Kim, Hyein, and Sooyeon Song. "Understanding Dormant Cells: Persister Cells and Viable but Non-Culturable Cells." Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology 41, no. 4 (2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22424/jdsb.2023.41.4.157.

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Wagley, Sariqa, Helen Morcrette, Andrea Kovacs-Simon, et al. "Bacterial dormancy: A subpopulation of viable but non-culturable cells demonstrates better fitness for revival." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 1 (2021): e1009194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009194.

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The viable but non culturable (VBNC) state is a condition in which bacterial cells are viable and metabolically active, but resistant to cultivation using a routine growth medium. We investigated the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to form VBNC cells, and to subsequently become resuscitated. The ability to control VBNC cell formation in the laboratory allowed us to selectively isolate VBNC cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting, and to differentiate subpopulations based on their metabolic activity, cell shape and the ability to cause disease in Galleria mellonella. Our results showed t

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4

Debnath, Anusuya, and Shin-ichi Miyoshi. "The Impact of Protease during Recovery from Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrio cholerae." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (2021): 2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122618.

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Vibrio cholerae can survive cold stress by entering into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation can be induced either by temperature upshift only or the addition of an anti-dormancy stimulant such as resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs) at suitable temperature. In this study, the role of proteinase K was analyzed as an Rpf in V. cholerae. A VBNC state was induced in V. cholerae AN59 in artificial seawater (ASW) media at 4 °C, and recovery could be achieved in filtered VBNC microcosm, called spent ASW media, merely by a temperature upshift to 37 °C. The resuscitation abil

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Wideman, Nathan E., James D. Oliver, Philip Glen Crandall, and Nathan A. Jarvis. "Detection and Potential Virulence of Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) Listeria monocytogenes: A Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010194.

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The detection, enumeration, and virulence potential of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens continues to be a topic of discussion. While there is a lack of definitive evidence that VBNC Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) pose a public health risk, recent studies suggest that Lm in its VBNC state remains virulent. VBNC bacteria cannot be enumerated by traditional plating methods, so the results from routine Lm testing may not demonstrate a sample’s true hazard to public health. We suggest that supplementing routine Lm testing methods with methods designed to enumerate VBNC cells may more accurat

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6

Moumita, Anika Bushra, Nafisa Tabassum, and Ifra Tun Nur. "In Vitro demonstration of Pseudomonas Growth and Phenotypic Examinations of the Cells Under Cold Shock." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 2 (2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v34i2.39623.

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The present study attempted to detect the effect of cold shock on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescence, and P. putida; to deduce the culturable cells, the possible dead cells and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells; i. e., living but not capable of forming the colony forming units (CFUs) at 0 oC and at 4 oC. Estimation of VBNC at low temperature was performed by deducting the number of culturable cells (formed as CFUs) at 0 °C and at 4 oC from the culturable cells at 37 °C. Maximum culturable cells (around 106 CFU/ ml) appeared at 24-48 hours, and after that, a gradual decline in the num

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7

Mustapha, Alaa, and Maha Mansour. "Detection Of Viable but Non Culturable (VBNC) Bacteria Using of Propidium Monoazide PCR: A Review." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 81 (2024): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.196372.

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Microorganisms in their natural habitats are subjected to a broad range of stressors. In order to survive and retain their vitality under those demanding conditions, they enter a state known as viable but nonculturable (VBNC). Traditional laboratory techniques cannot identify microbes in the VBNC state, but they can be brought back to life in the right circumstances. As a result, VBNC pathogens seriously jeopardize public health and food safety. More than 100 microbe species have been found to have entered the VBNC state to date, owing to a variety of chemical and physical processes. Since the

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8

Hati, Revita Permata, Ratih Dewanti-Hariyadi, and L. Nuraida. "Cronobacter sakazakii local isolates response to acid stress and their resuscitability." Food Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(1).257.

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Cronobacter spp. has been reported to cause meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicemia in a group of infants through the consumption of powder infant formula. These bacteria are reported to withstand various stress conditions such as heating, drying, low water activity, low pH, etc. A local isolate of Cronobacter sakazakii YRt2a was reportedly survived and entered Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) conditions during desiccation stress. This study aims to study the behavior of local isolates of Cronobacter spp. in response to acid stress and its resuscitability. C. sakazakii E2 and YRt

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9

Fleischmann, Susanne, Christian Robben, and Patrick Mester. "Resistenzbestimmung nicht-kultivierbarer Bakterien." BIOspektrum 28, no. 2 (2022): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-022-1727-4.

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AbstractTo cope with environmental stress, bacteria can enter resistant dormancy states such as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, in which cells do not divide but remain alive with the potential to resuscitate. Present in both food and clinical environments, VBNC cells are a serious health risk and a challenge for conventional analytical methods. By detecting growth-independent viability parameters, it is possible to investigate resistance of VBNC cells and identify effective antimicrobials.

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10

Rauf, Azheen Kawa, and Taghreed A. Wahwah Al-Nashi. "The effect of some disinfectants in inducing the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of some pathogenic bacteria." Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences 16, no. 4 (2024): 62–75. https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2024/v16i4.12065.

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Cells that are physiologically viable but cannot be cultivated on traditional culture media are referred to as viable and non-culturable cells (VBNC), because it cannot grow or divided. Those bacteria enter the (VBNC) state under stressed conditions, as a survival strategy. Although the bacteria that fail to grow on conventional culture media, but are actually alive and can be resuscitated from the VBNC state under suitable conditions. The VBNC state may pose a great threat to food safety and public health. The bacteria such as Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli

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11

Zhong, Junliang, and Xihong Zhao. "Transcriptomic Analysis of Viable but Non-Culturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 Formation Induced by Low Temperature." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120634.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria that pose a threat to food safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of the formation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) E. coli O157:H7 induced by low temperature (−20 °C) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomics analysis. The results of the present investigation revealed the presence of 2298 differentially expressed genes in VBNC cells, accounting for 46.03% of the total number of genes. Additionally, GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the functional

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12

Chamanrokh, Parastoo, Rita R. Colwell, and Anwar Huq. "Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholerae O1." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 68, no. 2 (2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2021-0142.

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Vibrio cholerae, an important waterborne pathogen, is a rod-shaped bacterium that naturally exists in aquatic environments. When conditions are unfavorable for growth, the bacterium can undergo morphological and physiological changes to assume a coccoid morphology. This stage in its life cycle is referred to as viable but non-culturable (VBNC) because VBNC cells do not grow on conventional bacteriological culture media. The current study compared polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect and identify VBNC V. cholerae. Because it is difficult to

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13

Jo, Hye Jin, Hye Ri Jeon, and Ki Sun Yoon. "Behavior of Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Cells and Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) C. jejuni on Smoked Duck." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 45, no. 7 (2016): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2016.45.7.1041.

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14

Tholozan, J. L., J. M. Cappelier, J. P. Tissier, G. Delattre, and M. Federighi. "Physiological Characterization of Viable-but-Nonculturable Campylobacter jejuniCells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 3 (1999): 1110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.3.1110-1116.1999.

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ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic, microaerophilic, gram-negative, mesophilic bacterium. Three strains isolated from humans with enteric campylobacteriosis were able to survive at high population levels (107 cells ml−1) as viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) forms in microcosm water. The VBNC forms of the three C. jejuni strains were enumerated and characterized by using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride–4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining. Cellular volume, adenylate energy charge, internal pH, intracellular potassium concentration, and membrane potential values were determined

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15

Noll, Matthias, Katharina Trunzer, Antje Vondran, et al. "Benzalkonium Chloride Induces a VBNC State in Listeria monocytogenes." Microorganisms 8, no. 2 (2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020184.

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The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) adaptation of L. monocytogenes on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and on the viable but non culturable (VBNC) state of the bacterial cells. We adapted L. monocytogenes SLCC2540 to BC by applying BC below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to above minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The culturable fractions and the susceptibility of adapted and parental cells to BC were assessed. In addition, cell membrane permeability and glucose uptake were analyzed by multi parametric flow cytometry

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16

Pazos-Rojas, Laura Abisaí, Alma Cuellar-Sánchez, Ana Laura Romero-Cerón, et al. "The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State, a Poorly Explored Aspect of Beneficial Bacteria." Microorganisms 12, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12010039.

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Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state.

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17

Passerat, Julien, Patrice Got, Sam Dukan, and Patrick Monfort. "Respective Roles of Culturable and Viable-but-Nonculturable Cells in the Heterogeneity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Invasiveness." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 16 (2009): 5179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00334-09.

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ABSTRACT The existence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) cells is a public health concern since they could constitute unrecognized sources of infection if they retain their pathogenicity. To date, many studies have addressed the ability of S. Typhimurium VBNC cells to remain infectious, but their conclusions are conflicting. An assumption could explain these conflicting results. It has been proposed that infectivity could be retained only temporarily after entry into the VBNC state and that most VBNC cells generated under intense stress could exceed the

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18

Mangiaterra, Gianmarco, Nicholas Cedraro, Salvatore Vaiasicca, et al. "Involvement of Acquired Tobramycin Resistance in the Shift to the Viable but Non-Culturable State in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411618.

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Persistent and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells are mainly responsible for the recurrence and non-responsiveness to antibiotics of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. The sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations found in the CF lung in between successive therapeutic cycles can trigger the entry into the VBNC state, albeit with a strain-specific pattern. Here, we analyzed the VBNC cell induction in the biofilms of two CF P. aeruginosa isolates, exposed to starvation with/without antibiotics, and investigated the putative genetic determinants involved. Total viable

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19

Hu, Xueyu, Xiaoxu Wang, Honglin Ren, et al. "Preliminary Study of the Characterization of the Viable but Noncultivable State of Yersinia enterocolitica Induced by Chloride and UV Irradiation." Microorganisms 12, no. 9 (2024): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091778.

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The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for many foodborne pathogens under adverse conditions. Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) as a kind of primary foodborne pathogen, and it is crucial to investigate its survival strategies and potential risks in the food chain. In this study, the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorine treatment in disinfecting the foodborne pathogen Y. enterocolitica was investigated. The results indicated that both UV irradiation and chlorine treatment can induce the VBNC state in Y. enterocolitica. The bacteria comp

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20

Cappelier, J. M., J. Minet, C. Magras, R. R. Colwell, and M. Federighi. "Recovery in Embryonated Eggs of Viable but Nonculturable Campylobacter jejuni Cells and Maintenance of Ability To Adhere to HeLa Cells after Resuscitation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 11 (1999): 5154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.11.5154-5157.1999.

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ABSTRACT The existence of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been described for Campylobacter jejuni as it had been for a number pathogenic bacteria. Three C. jejuni human isolates were suspended in surface water and subsequently entered the VBNC state. After starvation for 30 days, VBNC cells were inoculated in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. Culturable cells were detected in a large proportion of the embryonated eggs inoculated with VBNC C. jejuni cells. Recovered cells kept their adhesion properties.

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Fernández-Delgado, Milagro, María Alexandra García-Amado, Monica Contreras, et al. "SURVIVAL, INDUCTION AND RESUSCITATION OF Vibrio cholerae FROM THE VIABLE BUT NON-CULTURABLE STATE IN THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN SEA." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 1 (2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000100003.

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The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state in response to unfavorable conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in situ survival of V. cholerae in an aquatic environment of the Southern Caribbean Sea, and its induction and resuscitation from the VBNC state. V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 was inoculated into diffusion chambers placed at the Cuare Wildlife Refuge, Venezuela, and monitored for plate, total and viable cells counts. At 119 days of exposure to the environment, the colony count was < 10 CFU/mL and a portion of

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Prosdocimi, Erica M., Stefania Arioli, Francesca Mapelli, et al. "Cell phenotype changes and oxidative stress response in Vibrio spp. induced into viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state." Annals of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (2023): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-022-01703-6.

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<strong>Purpose: </strong>Aquatic bacteria of the genus <i>Vibrio</i> include animal and human pathogens. The occurrence of <i>Vibrio</i>-related diseases has been associated with the current climate change-driven increase of sea surface temperature. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. can enter into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, as a consequence of starvation in seawater at low temperatures. In such physiological state, <i>Vibrio</i> cells are no longer culturable on standard media agar plates but can resuscitate if incubated at 30 °C prior to plating, retaining virulence. Since limited informat

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Fleischmann, Susanne, Christian Robben, Thomas Alter, Peter Rossmanith, and Patrick Mester. "How to Evaluate Non-Growing Cells—Current Strategies for Determining Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020115.

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Thanks to the achievements in sanitation, hygiene practices, and antibiotics, we have considerably improved in our ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. However, with our increasing knowledge about the complex bacterial lifestyles and cycles and their plethora of defense mechanisms, it is clear that the fight is far from over. One of these resistance mechanisms that has received increasing attention is the ability to enter a dormancy state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Bacteria that enter the VBNC state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentiall

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Highmore, Callum J., Jennifer C. Warner, Steve D. Rothwell, Sandra A. Wilks, and C. William Keevil. "Viable-but-NonculturableListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella entericaSerovar Thompson Induced by Chlorine Stress Remain Infectious." mBio 9, no. 2 (2018): e00540-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00540-18.

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ABSTRACTThe microbiological safety of fresh produce is monitored almost exclusively by culture-based detection methods. However, bacterial food-borne pathogens are known to enter a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in response to environmental stresses such as chlorine, which is commonly used for fresh produce decontamination. Here, complete VBNC induction of green fluorescent protein-taggedListeria monocytogenesandSalmonella entericaserovar Thompson was achieved by exposure to 12 and 3 ppm chlorine, respectively. The pathogens were subjected to chlorine washing following incubation on spi

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Ncube, Pamela, Bahareh Bagheri, Wynand Johan Goosen, Michele Ann Miller, and Samantha Leigh Sampson. "Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845.

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Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), an

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Mangiaterra, Gianmarco, Nicholas Cedraro, Salvatore Vaiasicca, et al. "Role of Tobramycin in the Induction and Maintenance of Viable but Non-Culturable Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an In Vitro Biofilm Model." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070399.

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The recurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilm infections is a major issue in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A pivotal role is played by the presence of antibiotic-unresponsive persisters and/or viable but non-culturable (VBNC) forms, whose development might be favored by subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations. The involvement of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, widely used to treat CF PA lung infections, in the abundance of VBNC cells was investigated in PA biofilms models. In vitro biofilms of the laboratory strain PAO1-N and the clinical strain C24 were developed and starved by subcult

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Zhao, Jinfeng, Huichao Zhu, Chen Tao, Zhiquan Wang, Ning Deng, and Xin Huang. "A Combination of UV and Disinfectant for Inactivating Viable but Nonculturable State Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanisms." Water 16, no. 9 (2024): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16091302.

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Conventional disinfection techniques, relying on a single disinfection step, often fail to directly eliminate microorganisms, instead causing them to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. However, microorganisms in the VBNC state retain metabolic activity and can reactivate under suitable conditions, representing a “hidden source of contamination” that threatens drinking water safety. This study fundamentally assessed the feasibility of combined disinfection methods by integrating UV254 with disinfectant (NaClO, PAA, and PDS) for inactivating Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), an

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Pan, Hanxu, and Qing Ren. "Wake Up! Resuscitation of Viable but Nonculturable Bacteria: Mechanism and Potential Application." Foods 12, no. 1 (2022): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010082.

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The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for bacteria when encountered with unfavorable conditions. Under favorable environments such as nutrient supplementation, external stress elimination, or supplementation with resuscitation-promoting substances, bacteria will recover from the VBNC state, which is termed “resuscitation”. The resuscitation phenomenon is necessary for proof of VBNC existence, which has been confirmed in different ways to exclude the possibility of culturable-cell regrowth. The resuscitation of VBNC cells has been widely studied for the purpose of ris

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Meier, Thomas, and Bernd Bendinger. "Survival of pathogens in drinking water plumbing systems: impact factors and sanitation options." Water Supply 16, no. 4 (2016): 931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.040.

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The objective was to determine impact factors that would allow Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella pneumophila to survive sanitation measures of household drinking water systems. Therefore, different disinfectant concentrations were tested under different operating conditions in close-to-practice experiments. Particular attention was paid to the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of the pathogens. Legionella pneumophila was able to survive disinfection with ClO2 in a culturable state in the biofilm at 37 °C while successful sanitation could be achieved at 11 °C, however non-culturable ce

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Khan, Mohiuddin M. Taimur, Barry H. Pyle, and Anne K. Camper. "Specific and Rapid Enumeration of Viable but Nonculturable and Viable-Culturable Gram-Negative Bacteria by Using Flow Cytometry." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 15 (2010): 5088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02932-09.

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ABSTRACT An issue of critical concern in microbiology is the ability to detect viable but nonculturable (VBNC) and viable-culturable (VC) cells by methods other than existing approaches. Culture methods are selective and underestimate the real population, and other options (direct viable count and the double-staining method using epifluorescence microscopy and inhibitory substance-influenced molecular methods) are also biased and time-consuming. A rapid approach that reduces selectivity, decreases bias from sample storage and incubation, and reduces assay time is needed. Flow cytometry is a se

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Trevors, J. T. "Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria: Gene expression in planktonic and biofilm cells." Journal of Microbiological Methods 86, no. 2 (2011): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2011.04.018.

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Zeng, Bin, Guozhong Zhao, Xiaohong Cao, Zhen Yang, Chunling Wang, and Lihua Hou. "Formation and Resuscitation of Viable but NonculturableSalmonella typhi." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/907170.

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Salmonella typhiis a pathogen that causes the human disease of typhoid fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state ofS. typhi. Some samples were stimulated at 4°C or −20°C, while others were induced by different concentrations of CuSO4. Total cell counts remained constant throughout several days by acridine orange direct counting; however, plate counts declined to undetectable levels within 48 hours by plate counting at −20°C. The direct viable counts remained fairly constant at this level by direct viable counting. Carbon and nitrogen materials sl

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Servais, Pierre, Josué Prats, Julien Passerat, and Tamara Garcia-Armisen. "Abundance of culturable versus viableEscherichia coliin freshwater." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 7 (2009): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-043.

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Approved methods traditionally used for Escherichia coli enumeration in waters are culture-based. However, these methods can underestimate the E. coli abundance in aquatic systems because they do not take into account cells that remain viable but have lost the ability to grow in or on culture media. We investigated, in freshwater samples, the abundance of (i) culturable E. coli, enumerated by the most probable number microplate method and (ii) viable E. coli, estimated using a procedure called DVC–FISH, which couples fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and a viability testing technique (d

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Blinkova, Larisa, Danik M. Martirosyan, Yury Pakhomov, Olga Dmitrieva, Rachel Vaughan, and Michael Altshuler. "Nonculturable forms of bacteria in lyophilized probiotic preparations." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, no. 2 (2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v4i2.29.

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Background: Nonculturable cells are formed under stress. These viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells retain the ability to revert to active growth and division when conditions become favorable, or after treatment with resuscitating factors. Information about the possible presence of VBNC in bacterial lyophilized probiotic preparations, foodstuffs, live vaccines, etc., indicates that human as well as animal intestines are a significant area for research.Methods: Samples were stored for different periods of time (up to 30 years) according to the manufacturers’ manuals. Total counts were conducte

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WONG, HIN-CHUNG, CHI-TSUNG SHEN, CHIA-NI CHANG, YEONG-SHENG LEE, and JAMES D. OLIVER. "Biochemical and Virulence Characterization of Viable but Nonculturable Cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 11 (2004): 2430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.11.2430.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common foodborne pathogen frequently causing outbreaks in summer. Maintenance of virulence by the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of this pathogen would allow its threat to human health to persist. This study reports on the change in virulence and concomitant changes in activity of two enzymes and fatty acid profiles when V. parahaemolyticus ST550 entered the VBNC state in the modified Morita mineral salt–0.5% NaCl medium incubated at 4°C. The major change in fatty acid composition occurred in the first week, with a rapid increase in C15:0 fatty acid and satu

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Kaur, Jasjeet, R. Karthikeyan, and R. Smith. "Assessment of Escherichia coli reactivation after photocatalytic water disinfection using flow cytometry: comparison with a culture-based method." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (2013): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.071.

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The photocatalytic process generates highly reactive oxidative species, such as hydroxyl radicals, which enable mineralization of cellular compounds. Microorganisms often tend to lose their culturability after disinfection, but could remain viable to proliferate under optimum conditions. Estimation of bacterial counts using culture-based methods pose limitations in differentiating viable, non-viable, and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. Presence of viable and VBNC state cells in disinfected water could pose a potential health risk and accurate estimation of these cells through a molecul

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Oliveira, Isabel M., Marisa Gomes, Luciana C. Gomes, Manuel F. R. Pereira, Olívia S. G. P. Soares, and Filipe J. Mergulhão. "Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030355.

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The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was deter

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Navarro, Yurena, María-Jesús Torija, Albert Mas, and Gemma Beltran. "Viability-PCR Allows Monitoring Yeast Population Dynamics in Mixed Fermentations Including Viable but Non-Culturable Yeasts." Foods 9, no. 10 (2020): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101373.

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The use of controlled mixed inocula of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts is a common practice in winemaking, with Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima being the most commonly used non-Saccharomyces species. Although S. cerevisiae is usually the dominant yeast at the end of mixed fermentations, some non-Saccharomyces species are also able to reach the late stages; such species may not grow in culture media, which is a status known as viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Thus, an accurate methodology to properly monitor viable yeast pop

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Rani, Alka, Charles Chinyere Dike, Nitin Mantri, and Andrew Ball. "Point-of-Care Lateral Flow Detection of Viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 Using an Improved Propidium Monoazide-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method." Foods 11, no. 20 (2022): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203207.

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The detection of both viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a crucial part of food safety. Traditional culture-dependent methods are lengthy, expensive, laborious, and unable to detect VBNC. Hence, there is a need to develop a rapid, simple, and cost-effective detection method to differentiate between viable/dead E. coli O157:H7 and detect VBNC cells. In this work, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed for the detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 through integration with propidium monoazide (PMAxx). Initially, two primer sets, targeting two d

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de Castro, Raffael Júnio Araújo, Clara Luna Marina, Aude Sturny-Leclère, et al. "Kicking sleepers out of bed: Macrophages promote reactivation of dormant Cryptococcus neoformans by extracellular vesicle release and non-lytic exocytosis." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 11 (2023): e1011841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011841.

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Macrophages play a key role in disseminated cryptococcosis, a deadly fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This opportunistic infection can arise following the reactivation of a poorly characterized latent infection attributed to dormant C. neoformans. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying reactivation of dormant C. neoformans using an in vitro co-culture model of viable but non-culturable (VBNC; equivalent of dormant) yeast cells with bone marrow-derived murine macrophages (BMDMs). Comparative transcriptome analysis of BMDMs incubated with log, stationary phase or VBNC c

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Ordax, Mï¿½nica, Ester Marco-Noales, Marï¿½a M. Lï¿½pez, and Elena G. Biosca. "Survival Strategy of Erwinia amylovora against Copper: Induction of the Viable-but-Nonculturable State." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 5 (2006): 3482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.5.3482-3488.2006.

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ABSTRACT Copper compounds, widely used to control plant-pathogenic bacteria, have traditionally been employed against fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora. However, recent studies have shown that some phytopathogenic bacteria enter into the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state in the presence of copper. To determine whether copper kills E. amylovora or induces the VBNC state, a mineral medium without copper or supplemented with 0.005, 0.01, or 0.05 mM Cu2+ was inoculated with 107 CFU/ml of this bacterium and monitored over 9 months. Total and viable cell counts were determined by epifluor

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Mascher, Fabio, Carsten Hase, Yvan Moënne-Loccoz, and Geneviève Défago. "The Viable-but-Nonculturable State Induced by Abiotic Stress in the Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 Does Not Promote Strain Persistence in Soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (2000): 1662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1662-1667.2000.

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ABSTRACT The effects of oxygen limitation, low redox potential, and high NaCl stress for 7 days in vitro on the rifampin-resistant biocontrol inoculant Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0-Rif and its subsequent persistence in natural soil for 54 days were investigated. Throughout the experiment, the strain was monitored using total cell counts (immunofluorescence microscopy), Kogure's direct viable counts, and colony counts (on rifampin-containing plates). Under in vitro conditions, viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) cells of CHA0-Rif were obtained when the strain was exposed to a combination of low red

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Di Fermo, Paola, Silvia Di Lodovico, Emanuela Di Campli, et al. "Helicobacter pylori Dormant States Are Affected by Vitamin C." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065776.

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Helicobacter pylori colonizes human gastric mucosa, overcoming stressful conditions and entering in a dormant state. This study evaluated: (i) H. pylori’s physiological changes from active to viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) and persister (AP) states, establishing times/conditions; (ii) the ability of vitamin C to interfere with dormancy generation/resuscitation. A dormant state was induced in clinical MDR H. pylori 10A/13 by: nutrient starvation (for VBNC generation), incubating in an unenriched medium (Brucella broth) or saline solution (SS), and (for AP generation) treatment with 10xMIC amo

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Morishige, Yuta, Atsushi Koike, Ai Tamura-Ueyama, and Fumio Amano. "Induction of Viable but Nonculturable Salmonella in Exponentially Grown Cells by Exposure to a Low-Humidity Environment and Their Resuscitation by Catalase." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 2 (2017): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-183.

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ABSTRACTSalmonella is a major cause of foodborne disease that sometimes occurs in massive outbreaks around the world. This pathogen is tolerant of low-humidity conditions. We previously described a method for induction of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and subsequent resuscitation with 0.3 mM sodium pyruvate. Here, we report a new method for the induction of the VBNC state in Salmonella Enteritidis cells, one involving dehydration. Exposure of Salmonella Enteritidis cells to dehydration stress under poor nutrit

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TANGWATCHARIN, PUSSADEE, SUGANYA CHANTHACHUM, PRAPAPORN KHOPAIBOOL, and MANSEL W. GRIFFITHS. "Morphological and Physiological Responses of Campylobacter jejuni to Stress." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 11 (2006): 2747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.11.2747.

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Under conditions of stress, cells of Campylobacter assume a coccoid shape that may be an evolutionary strategy evolved by the organism to enable survival between hosts. However, the physiology of Campylobacter as it devolves from spiral to coccoid-shaped morphology is poorly understood. In this study, conditions influencing the survival of Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 35921 in broth were determined. Cells in late log phase were resuspended in broth at 4 or 60°C. The culturability of these cold- or heat-stressed cell suspensions was determined by spread plate counts and the activity of cells by th

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Oliver, James D., Maya Dagher, and Karl Linden. "Induction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium into the viable but nonculturable state following chlorination of wastewater." Journal of Water and Health 3, no. 3 (2005): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2005.040.

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We examined the effects of chlorine disinfection on Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in secondary-treated wastewater to determine whether such treatment might induce these bacteria into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. In this state, cells lose culturability but retain viability and the potential to revert to the metabolically active and infectious state. To examine the effects of chlorination on cells in different physiological states, cells from the logarithmic and stationary phases, or nutrient starved, or grown in natural wastewater, were studied. Isogenic cells with a

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MAGAJNA, BRENDA, and HEIDI SCHRAFT. "Evaluation of Propidium Monoazide and Quantitative PCR To Quantify Viable Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm and Planktonic Cells in Log Phase and in a Viable but Nonculturable State." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 7 (2015): 1303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-583.

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Despite being considered fragile and fastidious, Campylobacter jejuni remains the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. C. jejuni survives stresses by forming biofilms or entering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state. To investigate the number of viable cells in samples exposed to low nutrient and temperature stress, a novel method, propidium monoazide quantitative PCR (PMAqPCR), was compared with BacLight biovolume analysis and conventional plate counting for the enumeration of C. jejuni–removed biofilm cells and separately grown planktonic cells in late log ph

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Dinu, Laura-Dorina, and Susan Bach. "Induction of Viable but Nonculturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Phyllosphere of Lettuce: a Food Safety Risk Factor." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (2011): 8295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05020-11.

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ABSTRACTEscherichia coliO157:H7 continues to be an important human pathogen and has been increasingly linked to food-borne illness associated with fresh produce, particularly leafy greens. The aim of this work was to investigate the fate ofE. coliO157:H7 on the phyllosphere of lettuce under low temperature and to evaluate the potential hazard of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells induced under such stressful conditions. First, we studied the survival of six bacterial strains following prolonged storage in water at low temperature (4°C) and selected two strains with different nonculturable r

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McDonald, Claire, Kara Cunningham, Grace Kerr, et al. "Assessing viability of Escherichia coli in mining-impacted surface waters." PLOS Water 3, no. 3 (2024): e0000230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000230.

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Multiple threats to surface water quality, including both fecal pollution and acid mine drainage (AMD) are frequently coincident in mining regions, such as parts of the Appalachian region of the U.S. While it has been established that AMD can have toxic effects to fecal bacteria in surface waters, there is also evidence that AMD may induce a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, leaving fecal bacteria undetectable by common standard methods. This study aims to better understand the occurrence of VBNC Escherichia coli in mining-impacted waters (MIW) through three objectives: (1) assess the re

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Álvarez, Belén, María M. López, and Elena G. Biosca. "Ralstonia solanacearum Facing Spread-Determining Climatic Temperatures, Sustained Starvation, and Naturally Induced Resuscitation of Viable but Non-Culturable Cells in Environmental Water." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (2022): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122503.

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Ralstonia solanacearum is a bacterial phytopathogen affecting staple crops, originally from tropical and subtropical areas, whose ability to survive in temperate environments is of concern under global warming. In this study, two R. solanacearum strains from either cold or warm habitats were stressed by simultaneous exposure to natural oligotrophy at low (4 °C), temperate (14 °C), or warm (24 °C) temperatures in environmental water. At 4 °C, the effect of temperature was higher than that of oligotrophy, since R. solanacearum went into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, which proved to b

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