Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Viande – Qualité'
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Besombes, du Pontavice Cécile. "Pluralité d'acteurs et incertitude sur la qualité des produits : les mondes de qualité dans la filière viande bovine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100136.
Full textFaure-Cohades, Justine. "Métabolisme énergétique musculaire, homeostasie et qualité des viandes chez le porc." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSARB240.
Full textSustainability and quality of meat production require a better understanding of pig and muscular adaptative response to rearing conditions, including genetic, environmental and nutritional factors. Divergent selection for residual feed intake (RFI) and low rearing temperature stand for two energy metabolism disruptions identified as models to study muscle homeostatis according to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, respectively. This PhD project aims at defining animal and muscle adaptations to these two disruptions and at determining their effects on meat quality. The involvement of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme implied in the regulation of ante and post-mortem metabolisms, is particularly explored. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate these two disruptions in conventional rearing and commercial slaughter conditions. Results showed changes in aimal and muscle adaptation capacities during growth. Adaptative response differed between muscle metabolic types. The oxidative seminspinalis muscle exhibited and earlier and festar response, whereas the glycolytic longissimus muscle had a belated adaptation. Metabolic straties are coupled with homeostatic regulations allowed by variationsin the levels of in vivo and post-mortem AMPK activities. This suggests that AMPK could be an indicator of animal and adaptation capacity to energetic disruption during growth. AMPK cuould also be an indicator of post-mortem pH decline kinetics and so meat quality. Different strategies to valorize animal and muscle adaptation capacities are suggested to find a balance between quality demands of the different actors within the pig production chain
Larivière-Lajoie, Anne-Sophie. "Évaluation de la qualité de la viande de lapin produite au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66784.
Full textThe aim of this study was to characterize meat quality from rabbits commercially raised in Quebec,taking into account, notably, the impact of the various preslaughter management practices, transportdistances and feed withdrawal efficiency. Five producers were selected for this study in collaborationwith the provincial rabbit producers’ association. Rabbits were slaughtered in two provinciallyinspected plants both located in Quebec and two federally inspected plants, one located in Quebec andone in Ontario. Muscular pH of the Longissimus lumborum (LL) and the Biceps femoris (BF) muscleswere measured 24 h (pHu) and also after 1 h (pH1h) post-mortem for animals slaughtered in theabattoirs located in Quebec. Drip loss and cooking loss were measured on the LL. All pH1hBF and97.6% of pH1hLL were >6. Values ranged from 5.70 to 6.58 for pHuLL and from 5.80 to 6.83 forpHuBF. Values for rabbit meat drip loss ranged between 0.00 and 2.56%. Of the four clusters createdby the hierarchical cluster analysis based on pHu, cooking loss and L* and on 200 rabbit loins, clusters3 and 4 had the lowest meat quality and presents meat with high pH as seen, notably, with DFDmeat (40% of the loins analysed). The clusters 1 and 2 were the best and the second-best meat qualitygroups, respectively. For rabbits slaughtered in Ontario, due to the long journey, preslaughtermanagement that worked best was when the feeders were left in place, but with the lights on prior totransport (7h). Though the majority (60%) of the loins analyzed were grouped into the upper qualityclusters 1 and 2, overall, rabbit meat quality produced in Quebec is rather variable among the sectorsuggesting that many factors are not yet fully controlled in the value chain.
Sudre, Karine. "Analyse du Transcriptome de muscle bovin : application à la recherche de marqueurs moléculaires des qualités de la viante." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM19.
Full textTardif, Gabrielle. "La gestion préabattage des porcs et l'effet sur la qualité de la viande dans un contexte commercial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66314.
Full textBoudon, Sabrina. "Recherche de biomarqueurs plasmatiques pour prédire la qualité de la viande bovine." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC004.
Full textA challenge for the ruminant sector is to predict and manage the phenotypic traits related to meat production and quality especially tenderness, a priority of the beef industry. Meat quality is a complex phenotype that can be evaluated only after slaughtering and meat ageing. Previous research efforts have investigated the potential of muscle-derived markers to assess meat quality from biopsy or on carcass samples. However, recent studies have reported relationship sometimes inverse between protein abundance and tenderness depending on the muscle type or animal considered. Thus, the identification of “generic” and low-invasive biomarkers is an issue for the beef sector. In this context, the objective of my PhD thesis was to discover plasma candidate biomarkers to predict and manage beef tenderness. To meet this objective, my research included two complementary approaches: (i) a molecular data aggregation from publicly available data combined with bioinformatics (in silico approach) to reconstruct the secretome associated withtenderness; (ii) a proteomic analysis (Shotgun LC-MS/MS) to identify plasma and muscle candidates (Longissimus et Rectus abdominis muscles) from contrasted tenderness groups of PGI Fleur d’Aubrac heifers. Extreme groups of tenderness were established based on three evaluation methods: Warner Bratzler Shear Force, sensory analysis, and according to a synthetic index which combines the previous two evaluation systems. Thanks to the combination of the two approaches, I can propose for the first time an atlas of 107 plasma candidate proteins to assess the tenderness in cattle, of which 32 are included in tenderness QTL. I could also complete the list of muscle candidates reported in the scientific literature. While published data report mainly data on male bovines (steers, bull calves), my PhD work allows to propose for the first time a list of plasma and novel muscle candidates for heifer tenderness. My results also contribute to improve knowledge on tenderness determinism, notably through the involvement of extracellular vesicles (micro-vesicular (EVs), macro-vesicular (exosomes)), and the primary cilia. This knowledge will help to design phenotypic tools for “tenderness potential” prediction, in living animal and to add value to high-quality beef sector
Bulteau, Philippe B. "Contrôle microbiologique des viandes : méthodes d'analyses rapides." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P132.
Full textMolette, Caroline. "Analyse protéomique d'altérations de proprietés sensorielles et technologiques de la viande de dinde." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000324/.
Full textSalmi-Boukhari, Btissam. "Intégration de données pour la qualité de la viande chez le porc : Méta-analyse et analyse multidimensionnelle." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0060/document.
Full textMeat quality includes criteria of different importance depending on the animal species. Meat quality is a significant economic factor in pork production, and numerous publications have shown that it is strongly influenced by the interaction between genetic type (especially the halothane gene (Hal) and Napole yield gene (RN)), breeding conditions, and pre-slaughter and slaughter conditions of animals. The European Union, longtime leader of the globalmarket of pork and pork products, now faces increasing competition from other countries,including Brazil, the United States and China. This thesis project is part of a multidisciplinary European project on improving the quality of pork and pork products for the consumer. One of the modules of this project is dedicated to the integration of existing and upcoming data to produce a model for predicting technological and sensory pork quality, based on animal,production, and slaughter information. The objective of this thesis is to synthesize existing knowledge derived from bibliographic and experimental data relating to the main factors influencing meat quality within a meta-analysis, which is a statistical approach combining the results of a series of independent studies on a given problem. The results of this work have confirmed the effect of the halothane gene, as well as fasting, transport and lairage times on most of the analyzed parameters of technological pork meat quality. Indeed, our meta-analysis confirmed the significant effect of the halothane gene on all the analyzed meat quality attributes. However, the halothane gene effect was associated with the breed effect only for the following variables: L*-value (reflectance), b*-value (yellowness) and DL (drip loss). Slaughter weight contributed significantly only to the explanation of differences in ultimate pH between homozygous genotypes: NN and nn. Regarding the preslaughter conditions, the results of our meta-analysis showed that fasting time had a significant effect on pHu and DL measured in longissimus muscle. While, lairage affected only the pHu in semimembranosusmuscle. Interestingly, we found that DL was the lonely attribute significantly affected by transport time and its interaction with fasting time. The significant effect of the vitamin E supplementation on lipid oxidation process in pork and, therefore, affect the technological meat quality, was demonstrated by using a non linear meta-analytic regression model. Statistically, the comparison between the Bayesian and frequentist meta-analytic approaches has highlighted the ability of the hierarchical Bayesian model to reduce uncertainty in parameter estimates, especially when the number of studies included in the meta-analysis is relatively limited. In addition to the meta-analytic approach, an exploratory study by multivariate analyses was performed to identify the correlations among a large number of variables structured into separate groups. Our results showed that the variables which discriminated the five classes of breed (Large White and Basque pigs) x rearing system (conventional, alternative and extensive) were the same as those discriminating individuals. Indeed, a first group composed of transcriptomic, chemical and technological variables discriminated breeds. Slaughter reactivity variables discriminated rearing systems, especially the Basque pigs reared in the extensive system
Mossab, Amal. "Effet des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires sur le métabolisme lipidique du dindon conséquences sur la qualité de la viande." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4002.
Full textCotta, Judas Tadeu de Barros. "Qualité des carcasses de poulets : aspects zootechniques, technologiques, microbiologiques et sensoriels." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20059.
Full textGuillevic, Mathieu. "Effets des acides gras N-3 sur la construction de la qualité nutritionnelle de la viande de porc et sur le métabolisme des lipides." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB195.
Full textNutritional quality of pork can be improved by rearing factors, and mainly by their diet. Ther is in pig a strong relationship between fatty acids providing by the diet and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle, as it is usually the case in monogastrics. This property is a mean to rise level of n-3 fatty acids for human consumption. The French food safety agency (AFSSA) recommendations suggest a daily intake of 2 g of C18:3 n-3 and a C18:2 n-6/C18:3 n-3 ratio equal to 5. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of n-3 fatty acid (FA) incorporation in the diet on adipoconversion process, lipid metabolism, and n-3 FA level in meat and cooked pork meat. Three experimentations were performed to reach this objective
Touratier, Christine. "Comportement des protéines sarcoplasmiques de la viande de porc au cours du stockage et du chauffage : relations avec la qualité de la viande." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_TOURATIER_C.pdf.
Full textTeixeira, Zanusso Jerri. "Engraissement, structure des muscles et qualité de la viande de volailles : exemple du gavage chez le canard de Barbarie (Cai͏̈rina moschata) et de la castration chez le poulet (Gallus domesticus)." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT001A.
Full textAllais, Sophie. "Détection et validation de marqueurs génétiques impliqués dans la qualité de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00589871.
Full textKone, Amenan Prisca Nadege. "Stratégies alimentaires naturelles et innovatrices pour améliorer la qualité de la viande de lapin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30952.
Full textRabbit meat is appreciated namely for its good nutritional quality and especially for its low fat content when compared to other species. However, its high nutritional value is compromised by a high pH, which promotes microbial growth and thus increases risks associated to food safety. In addition, its high polyunsaturated fat content makes it more susceptible to oxidation, which affects taste, nutritional value and functionality of its components and lead to meat alteration and spoilage. We have therefore identified the use of natural bioactive ingredients as a potential initiative to help the meat industry tackle this issue. To achieve this, we initiated, as a first step, studies on the use of plant extracts (onion, cranberry and strawberry, NutraCanada) and essential oils (Xtract, Pancosma) rich in polyphenols, in order to optimize rabbit meat quality (weaned female rabbits). At a concentration of 10 ppm of active ingredients (according to supplier’s recommendations for the promotion of a health digestive system in rabbits with the essential oils tested), the oxidative status of the meat immediately following slaughter was not modified. The same was observed for concentrations up to 10 times higher with plan extracts. However, only a slight and sporadic reduction of the microflora was observed, which could reach up to 1.5 log UFC/g during refrigerated storage, even with higher doses. As a second step, enrichment of rabbits’ diet with a protective culture (Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CBI, which produces three bacteriocins, Micocin®) was studied for its ability to modify positively the microbiological quality of final products. The microflora on refrigerated thighs was favourably modified by the addition of Micocin® in the diet by reducing Enterobacteriacea, coliforms and Listeria spp. counts, but more importantly, it reduced experimentally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes counts in ground meat by more than 2 log units compared to the control group. We must emphasize that zootechnical performances were not affected by the different food strategies tested. In conclusion, addition to rabbit feed of a protective culture capable to modify positively the meat microflora had beneficial effects superior to those observed with plant extracts and essential oils; hence, it turns out to be a more efficient nutritional strategy to improve rabbit meat microbiological quality.
Zemmour, Samir. "L' incertitude sur la qualité et les biens ethico-alimentaires : le marché de la viande halal en France." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS022S.
Full textThe thesis analyzes the issues of halal meat certification at various levels of the value chain. It reveals that the process of qualification halal represents a process of qualification of ethical-food goods which are connected with the constitution of Potemkin attributes. In the historical absence of an agreement on a shared definition of halal quality and ritual slaughter, the thesis leads to an against-intuitive result: the limits and the failures of the process of qualification halal are the requirements of its operation. For a low level of acceptability of a compromise of the actors, the transition towards a new mode from coordination of the industrial type is nevertheless possible. Correspondent with a certification of the intention and belief, the creation of an imperfect sign of halal quality would lead to the satisfaction of the need for quality and the request for religious ethics of a young French Muslim population
Cordeiro, Clericy Aquilès. "Prix, qualité et incertitude : la régulation par le marché et les institutions de la filière viande bovine en Uruguay." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20019.
Full textIn Uruguay, the study of several aspects of the beef industry led us to analyze the flow of information and goods between cattle growers and exporting slaughter-houses (frigoríficos). In the case of a thriving market process, frigoríficos purposely feed incertitude through the pricing system, using a variety of means, especially in buying according to live animal weight, whereas each animal's value is set by the slaughtered animal weight. Such conditions lead Institutions to a specific failure which we'll call "concealed" failure or of "2nd order" as opposed to "1st order" conventional failure studied by Akerlof (1970, Stiglitz (1987) and Orléan (1991)
Niaré, Tiéma M. "Simplification du protocole de pesées des agneaux en ferme." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT011A.
Full textSahar, Amna. "Développement de méthodes rapides et non-destructives basées sur les spectroscopies de fluorescence et infrarouge couplées à la chimométrie pour la détermination de la qualité et de la sécurité sanitaire de la viande." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARA067.
Full textThere is a growing need to control the quality of meat products throughout the manufacturing process in minimum possible time, which requires replacement of the conventional techniques (long and expensive) with some rapid, sensitive and less expensive techniques. Spectroscopic techniques appear to be reagentless, fst and non destructive techniques. Particularly, fluorescence and mid infrared spectroscopies coupled with chemometrics have been considered as good candidates for rapid analysis of food products, in general, and for meat and meat products, in particular
Alnahhas, Nabeel. "Possibilités d'amélioration de la qualité de viande chez le poulet par la sélection génétique et interactions avec le mode d'élevage." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4010/document.
Full textIn a context where the global demand for chicken meat is increasing, technological and sensory qualities of this meat have become a major issue for the poultry industry. The analysis of two chicken lines divergent for ultimate pH (pHu) of breast fillets confirms that genetics is a major determinant of this trait. Between-lines comparison shows that increasing the pHu by selection changes the pHu of other muscles and improves many other quality criteria such as water-holding capacity, curing-cooking yield and meat tenderness. Although histology and biochemical composition of the muscle are not affected by the selection, our results suggest an unfavorable relationship between low muscle energy reserve and the incidence of structural defects such as white striping. On the contrary, no negative association between ultimate pH and production traits (body weight, meat yield and feed conversion ratio) was observed
Ngo, Hong-Phuong. "La myopathie exsudative et dépigmentaire (PSE) chez le porc et la dinde." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10105.
Full textThe objective of this study is to characterize the alteration of meat quality of the pork and the turkey. In pork, the quality of the meat is handicapped by a lesion exsudative myopathy called PSE (Pale Soft Exsudative) or localized destructured meats. The transformation of these meats leads to a reduced performance following an important water loss and a serious defect of presentation of the end product will cause massive losses in economy. Among the factors influencing the appearance of the lesion, HAL and RN genotypes occupy the first plan to limit these effects in pork. In the second plan, the pre-mortem environment has an all-important influence also and in particular the slaughter conditions. Comparative histology of muscles shows that the structure of the vascular network and the typology of muscle fibers of various genotypes HAL and RN in pork are responsible for their vulnerability. In turkey, the expressions of PSE muscle problem are probably similar to those observed in pork. Quality characteristics of 3 lines of turkey (Hybride, Nicholas and BUT9) were studied. The rate of pH fall post-mortem and the colour of the meat (which were evaluated in the L*a*b* system) have reinforced us in this position
Soucy, Juan-Pablo. "Effet de la race sur la qualité de la viande de porc. Portrait de la génétique canadienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27244/27244.pdf.
Full textDebut, Martine. "Etude génétique de la qualité de la viande de poulet en relation avec le stress avant abattage." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4047.
Full textThis thesis aimed at estimating the genetic variability of stress response and muscle characteristics of chickens in relation with the technological quality of their meat. This work showed that a sib-selection for the final pH could efficiently improve the colour, water-holding capacity and texture of the breast meat. Besides, importance of stressless pre-slaughter conditions is highlighted in order to increase the animal-welfare and improve the quality of the meat quality
Herrera, Mendez Carlos. "Marqueurs biologiques de la qualité de la viande bovine : purification, caractérisation et quantification de trois serpines musculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21675.
Full textPampouille, Eva. "Analyse haut-débit du déterminisme de défauts musculaires impactant la qualité de la viande chez le poulet." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4010.
Full textPoultry industry is facing muscular defects which that impair chicken meat quality. Genetic and genomic studies were carried out in addition to histological measuremnets to better understand the etiology of these defects and to contribute to the development of new indicators useful for diagnosis and selection. Studies focused on two complementary genetic models : 1) two divergent chicken lines selectied on breast meat ultimate pH and 2) a line with strong muscular development more severely affected by the defects, qwhich was studied in comparison with a slow-growing strain free from lesions. The thesis helped to describe the metabolic and structural changes observed in case of severe myopathies. It also led to the identification of the first QTL regions controlling muscular defects in chicken and to the establishment of a set of genes correlated with histological measurements of myopathies that will serve after validation as tool for selection and breeding
Soucy, Juan Pablo. "Effet de la race sur la qualité de la viande de porc : portrait de la génétique canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21374.
Full textPoovarodom, Ngamtip. "Effet des conditions de conservation sur la qualité des produits alimentaires surgelés : cas du steak haché." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD217.
Full textO'Bomsawin-Descôteaux, Alex, and Alex O'Bomsawin-Descôteaux. "Impacts sur la qualité de la viande suite à l'alimentation des veaux de grain en période de croissance et de finition par des sous-produits du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26644.
Full textCe projet visait à évaluer les effets du remplacement partiel ou total du maïs (M) par de l’orge roulée (B), des drèches sèches de distillerie avec solubles (D) ou du tourteau de canola (C) sur la qualité de la viande de veau de grain. Huit muscles longissimus dorsi gauche ont été pris pour chacun des traitements étant assignés aléatoirement : M-suppléments protéiques (S), BCD, MCD et MSD et donné à volonté. Toutes les rations étaient isoprotéiques. Des différences significatives entre M et B (P < 0.05) ont été obtenues pour le pH ultime, la couleur (L*, a* et b*), la force de cisaillement, la longueur des sarcomères, les pertes à la cuisson, la concentration de malonaldéhyde au jour 7, la teneur en gras total et des flaveurs indésirables au niveau des analyses sensorielles. La différence obtenue lors de la force de cisaillement n’était pas perceptible par les panélistes.
Pouliot, Éric. "Optimisation de la qualité de la viande d'agneau par l'utilisation et la compréhension des traitements postabattage et des évènements postmortem." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26258.
Full textOffrir un produit de qualité supérieure est sans contredit un enjeu majeur pour l’industrie ovine québécoise qui doit composer avec une importante concurrence sur son marché et justifier le prix plus élevé de son produit comparativement aux importations. Pour le consommateur, la tendreté de la viande est un critère de première importance, critère qui est grandement influencé par les conditions postabattage et la période postmortem. Or, les connaissances scientifiques actuelles suggèrent fortement que les conditions postabattage, notamment le refroidissement et la maturation, ne sont pas optimales au Québec en ce moment. Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse porte sur l’utilisation et la compréhension des traitements postabattage et des évènements postmortem afin d’optimiser la qualité de la viande des agneaux lourds produits au Québec, notamment au niveau de la tendreté. Les études effectuées au cours de cette thèse ont permis de démontrer que sous les conditions actuelles de refroidissement et de maturation, la tendreté de la viande des agneaux lourds n’est pas optimale. L’utilisation de la stimulation électrique (ES) a permis de démontrer le potentiel de tendreté de l’agneau du Québec, potentiel qu’il exprimait pleinement lorsque la ES était combinée à 8 j de maturation. La première étude a montré que l’amélioration de la tendreté par la ES résultait d’une diminution du risque de « cold shortening » alors que la maturation engendrait une plus grande protéolyse. Toutefois, elle laissait entrevoir qu’il y avait place à amélioration. La seconde étude a été réalisée afin de déterminer s’il était possible d’accélérer l’attendrissement de la viande en manipulant la chute du pH et de la température des carcasses et déterminer s’il existe une fenêtre de température optimum à laquelle les carcasses doivent atteindre le pH 6,0. Bien que cette seconde étude ait démontré que la tendreté supérieure des viandes ES puisse être en partie due à la protéolyse plus rapide, aucune fenêtre optimum de température n’a été identifiée. Finalement, la dernière étude tentait de déterminer l’implication de la protéolyse et des protéases pour des muscles longissimus dorsi qui avaient des patrons d’attendrissement différents (tendre ou non à 3 j de maturation et attendrissement ou non entre 3 et 8 j). Bien que les résultats n’aient pas permis d’établir un processus clair, ils semblent tout de même indiquer que la tendreté de la viande après 3 j de maturation dépend de la protéolyse. Pour sa part, l’amélioration entre 3 et 8 j est plus complexe et l’oxydation semble jouer un rôle dans ce processus.
The market requests a high quality product and it is undoubtedly a major challenge for the Quebec sheep industry, which faces significant competition within its market and has to justify the higher price for its product. Meat tenderness is an important criteria for consumers, a criteria mostly influenced by post-slaughter conditions and the postmortem period. Scientific knowledges suggest that post-slaughter conditions, especially chilling and aging, are not currently optimal in Quebec. In this context, the present thesis focuses on the use and understanding of post-slaughter treatments and postmortem events to optimise meat quality of Quebec heavy lambs, especially tenderness. Studies realised during this thesis demonstrated that meat tenderness of heavy lambs is not optimal under current chilling conditions and aging time. Electrical stimulation (ES) of carcasses revealed that the tenderness potential of Quebec heavy lamb was really when ES was combined with 8 d of aging. The first study indicated that tenderness enhancement, following ES, resulted from cold shortening reduction, while aging allowed for more proteolysis. However, this study also indicated that there was still room for improvement. The second study was performed to determine if it was possible to accelerate meat tenderization by manipulating the decline of carcass pH and temperature, and by determining if there is an optimum temperature window in which the carcasses must reach pH 6.0. Although this second study showed that the superior tenderness of ES meat may be partly due to more rapid proteolysis, no optimum temperature window was identified. Finally, the last study attempted to determine the involvement of proteolysis and proteases in longissimus dorsi muscles that had different patterns of tenderization (tender or not at 3 d of aging and tenderization or not between 3 and 8 days). Although the results did not establish a clear process, they seem to indicate that meat tenderness after 3 d of aging depends on proteolysis. For its part, the improvement between 3 and 8 d appears to be more complex and oxidation could play a role in this process.
Ziadi, Adel. "Analyse d'image visibles et proche infrarouges : contributions à l'évaluation non-destructive du persillage dans la viande du boeuf." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28158/28158.pdf.
Full textGobert, Mylène. "Prévention de la peroxydation des acides gras polyinsaturés par des antioxydants alimentaires chez le bovin en production." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF1MM23.
Full textIn cattle, diets can be supplemented in lipids from oleaginous seeds rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to improve the fatty acid nutritional value of their products (milk and meat). Lipid supplementation with extruded linseeds, increased deposition of n-3 PUFA in muscles, but also the lipoperoxidation risk in plasma and tissues, detrimental for the health of animals and the nutritional quality of their products. In this context, use of antioxidants such as vitamin E is recommended, but its efficiency is limited when provided alone with n-3 PUFA rich diets. Our studies aimed at preventing the lipoperoxidation risk by adding natural antioxidants in cattle diets. A mixture of plant extracts rich in polyphenols (PERP, 10 g/kg DM) and vit E (375 UI/kg DM) given to lactating dairy cows fed n-3 PUFA-rich diets (50 g lipids/kg diet DM), was the most effective (compared with vitamin E alone) to reduce plasma lipoperoxidation. In finishing cull cows, being sensibilized to lipoperoxidation by n-3 PUFA supplement (40 g lipids/kg DM), a combined supply of PERP (7 g/kg DM) and vitamin E (155 UI/kg DM) is also the most effective to reduce plasma lipoperoxidation intensity, even in animals stressed before slaughter. Moreover, these antioxidants improved lipid protection of n-3 PUFA-rich beef against lipoperoxidation amplified by packaging treatments under oxygen or a pre-slaughter stress of animals. Additionally, supplementation of diets with vit E+PERP increased beef colour stability, a favourable factor for beef purchase by consumer. These original results led to beneficial applications for the beef industry allowing preservation of beef nutritional and sensorial qualities and possible increase of the duration for sale and consumption of products
Tom, Ahmat. "Contribution au séchage solaire des produits carnés : Modélisation et réalisation d'un séchoir adapté aux pays tropicaux." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0013/document.
Full textThis study deals with the modeling of heat and mass transfers during solar drying of beef, and between this product and its environment, at the scale of the product and thereafter at the scale of the process. At the scale of the product, desorption isotherm and drying kinetics of fresh beef were determined and modeled to characterize and predict the hygroscopic behavior of the beef during its drying. At the scale of the process, we proposed a model of solar drying of beef, adapted to a solar dryer that was designed and manufactured for the solar drying of beef in tropical environment (Solar dryer of Kilichi). This model was validated by experimental tests conducted in situ, in a tropical country (Cameroon- N'gaoundéré). The impact of solar drying on the quality of the product was investigated through microbiological and biochemical analyzes conducted on beef samples, dried at the laboratory with a solar dryer that was designed and manufactured to obtain a good control of solar drying parameters. These analyzes showed that the impact of solar radiation on the destruction of microorganisms is more significant than that of the drying temperature. Biochemical analysis showed that drying induces a severe lipid oxidation but has no impact on the lipid content of the meat
Roux, Matthieu. "Structure, expression et polymorphisme du gène PRKAG3 bovin : implication dans le métabolisme musculaire et la qualité de la viande." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2fd62ada-0615-4974-a20f-b9c358ff8e5f/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0051.pdf.
Full textThe PRKAG3 gene encodes the γ3 isoform of a regulating sub-unit of AMPK (AMP dependent Protein Kinase) enzyme, this kinase is one of the principal mediators of the metabolism regulation of sugars and fatty acids in muscle. The bovine PRKAG3 gene was entirely sequenced and its structure established. We have identified an important variability in this gene, 46 SNPs polymorphisms were identified and six of them result in a change in the amino-acid sequence. We demonstrated the existence of alternative transcripts resulting from splicing mechanisms never observed in the pig or in other species. These longer transcripts are found in all the animals, and show a transcription rate weaker than standard ones of this gene. A preliminary association study between the phenotypic characteristics of meat and the animals’ genotype showed that one of these polymorphisms is statistically associated with the glycogen content. We could also highlight that one of the PRKAG3 gene polymorphisms is associated with an increase in the expression level, suggesting a transcription regulation that might differ from one allele to another. The six other genes encoding the differents sub-units isoforms of the AMPK complex were also characterized and screened for polymorphism. A lower level of polymorphism was detected in these genes, compared to the PRKAG3 gene. Quantitative analysis of all AMPK bovine transcripts showed that PRKAG3 is preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle whereas the other genes have an ubiquitous expression. Meat quality is also due to lipidic composition in muscle. The analysis of bovine PPARG transcripts have revealed, in addition to normal transcripts, a complex intergenic splicing mechanism, leading to two chimeric transcripts involving the PPARG gene and the neighbouring gene TSEN2. The putative chimeric protein could not be detected in bovine tissues, however this protein was transitory expressed in mammalian cells
El, Rammouz Rabih. "Etude des changements biochimiques post Mortem dans le muscle des volailles : Contribution au déterminisme de l'amplitude de la diminution du pH." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000157/.
Full textMoussa, Majed. "Effets du mode d'élevage sur les propriétes biochimiques et biomécaniques de la liaison du tendon chez le poulet : Influences de l'âge, du poids et de l'activité physique." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000538/.
Full textThe aim of this study is to try to determine the sources of a defect of meat quality as its weak cohesion with the bone. Our approach consisted, in a first time, studying the effects of age on the biochemical and mechanical properties of different tendons in Standard broilers or Label Rouge chickens of 6 or 12 weeks of age respectively. In a second time, we studied the effects of the weight of the animal on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the tendons of these two types of chickens. The comparison has been achieved at the age of 6 weeks when the average body weights of the 2 types of chickens are largely different. In a third time, we studied the effects of physical activities on the biochemical and mechanical properties of the tendons of these same chickens. The comparison between the active and control groups have been achieved at the ages of 12 and 6 weeks for LR and S chickens respectively. Our results show that the mechanical values differ extensively between the tendons for a same type of chicken but also differ for a same tendon between the two types of chickens. The first study shows that the raw tendons of LR chickens are generally more resistant to traction and more rigid. They are also more resistant to cooking but less deformable than those of S chickens. Total collagen and sGAGs contents of LR tendons are more important while the collagen solubility is least. The second experiment shows that the higher average weight of S chickens can modify the biochemical properties of the tendon by increasing the sGAGs content as well as the collagen solubility. On the other hand, the total collagen content remains more important in LR tendons. The body weight of the animal is more important in S broilers and increases the maximum load and the maximum stress values in tendons. In the third experience, we find that the total collagen and sGAGs contents of the tendon are more elevated in active chickens than in control ones. The maximum load and the maximum stress values are significantly more important in active birds. Tendons from active chickens (raw or cooked) are more compressible and more rigid than those of control ones. In S broilers, the physical activity was able to increase the rigidity and the maximal resistance to traction of the tendons. A significant correlation has been noted between the total collagen content and the stiffness value in the Gas tendon of active LR chickens
Oury, Marie-Pierre. "Eléments de différenciation de la qualité sensorielle des viandes liés aux pratiques d'élevage chez la génisse de race charolaise." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS008.
Full textThe aim of this study was to highlight and to evaluate the relation between breeding practices and meat sensorial quality. 99 heifers were used. Rectus abdominis and longissimus thoracis physicochemical properties were analysed and meat quality of the rectus abdominis muscle was evaluated by sensorial analysis. 4 classes of breeding practices were differentiated by multidimensional analysis. A high feeding level during the animals' entire life permit slaughter at a young age and result in high carcass weight. Such a breeding method is linked to more tender meat, independent of the finishing stage and the forage given to the animals. Only 12% to 23 % of the variability of the sensorial characteristic can be explained by physicochemical properties, which is the likely reason there are only small differences in the muscles of the four classes. Heifer performances at slaughter seems to be more important in the determination of meat quality than breeding practices themselves : there exists a higher risk of less tender meat when age increases or when daily weight decreases, independent of breeding practices
Sibut, Vonick. "Approche de génomique fonctionnelle pour l'identification des gènes régulant la qualité des viandes de poulet." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4015.
Full textIn chickens, the muscle glycogen stores available at death are determinant for meat quality via their effect on the ultimate pH. This thesis aimed at identifying through functional genomic approaches genes causing changes in glycogen and therefore meat quality in chicken. A focused approach on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and several enzymes that control glycogen metabolism suggested that transcriptional regulation of several genes (PRKAG2, GYS, PYG, …) could be involved in the control of muscle glycogen stores. This study, which compared lean and fat chickens also showed activation levels 3 times higher in lean chickens whose glycogen stores are the lowest. Transcriptomic analyses performed on oligonucleotide microarrays have highlighted 439 genes differentially expressed between individuals with different levels of muscle glycogen store. Among them, some as CEBPB, PDK4 or UGDH could play a direct role in the regulation of glycogen metabolism in muscle. Analysis of positional data (Quantitative Trait Loci or QTL) allowed identifying other genes which were both regulated at the functional level and located within a QTL of meat quality. Those genes enriched the list of candidates revealed by expressional studies. Altogether these studies are a first step in identifying genes involved in meat quality changes in chicken. After validation within commercial genotypes to appreciate the real interest in term of selection, our results should ultimately help to develop molecular tools useful for selection but also for optimizing rearing practices to improve the quality of poultry meat
Liméa, Léticia. "Effets des conditions d'alimentation et d'abattage sur les caractéristiques de carcasse et de viande du Caprin Créole." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658134.
Full textChriki, Sghaïer. "Méta-analyses des caractéristiques musculaires afin de prédire la tendreté de la viande bovine." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881204.
Full textBrodeur, Vincent. "Association entre les polymorphismes et l'expression du gène de la leptine et la qualité de la viande et de la carcasse chez l'agneau lourd." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28354.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the molecular characteristics of the ovine leptin gene (LEP) on characteristics related to meat and carcass quality in a lamb population from the Province of Quebec. The studied population consisted of 128 individuals (½ males, ½ females) from 2 crossbreeds : ½Suffolk ¼Romanov x¼ Dorset (xSU) and ½Arcott Canadian ¼Romanov ¼Dorset (xCD). Sequencing of the LEP gene was performed. The gene was then sequenced for each individual and its parents, between exon 2 and exon 3, in order to search for variations within a 2328 base pairs DNA strand. Twenty-three polymorphisms were identified; 12 have been the subject of further studies and have shown interesting effects on meat and carcass quality. Expression of the LEP gene was measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue using the real-time PCR method. Significant correlations were established between gene activity and variations in meat color parameters in male lambs of the xCD crossbreed. The thickness of the muscle measured with ultrasound in this same crossbreed was positively related to the activity of the LEP gene. Correlations were also established between leptin concentration in blood, LEP gene expression, and a few characteristics related to lean yield of the longissimus dorsi muscle as well as the color of the meat. The study of the sheep leptin gene, as part of this project, offers some avenues that could lead to the development of genetic markers that could help in the selection of breeding sheep to improve the meat and carcass quality of lamb produced in Québec.
Lacombe, Nicolas. "Les coproduits entre marginalisation et relance. Le cas des viandes de petits ruminants en élevage méditerranéen." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0020/document.
Full textLamb and kid meats are part of the identity of the livestock farming systems of small ruminants in Mediterranean area. But these meats are often qualified as “co-products”, that is to say issued from a main activity dedicated to another product they are linked with by interdependency. Therefore, their history is marked by a progressive disappearance due to the sectorisation of the activities and a decoupling of productions. Our research is based upon a comparative analysis between several situations where a dominant product and its co-product are under tension. The studied couples are: i) in Corsica island, cheeses and milk lambs and kids, ii) in Sardinia island, cheeses and lambs and iii) in Morocco, argan oil and arganian forest kids.From the initial situations showing complementarities between the various productions within a same productive system, we observe a progressive competition around the use of some dairy or forestry resources. The appropriation of such resources by a major product, engaged in a movement of specification (cheese, argan oil) validated by the recognition as geographical indication, marginalized the co-products (lamb and kid meats) weakening their conditions of elaboration and marketing. Thus, I analyzed the interactions between interdependent productions within a same productive system, focusing on the consequences of the recognition of a major product on the future of its co-product.The results are contributing to agrarian geography as a discipline centered on the relationships between production and territory, clarifying the way of functioning of the productive systems. The originality of this work lies on the scale of analysis gathering several products linked together within a productive system. One main stake has been to question the meaning of “quality” as driving social and technical boundaries that become, as general requirements, potential sources of exclusions according to the future of the co-products. The fact to recognize a major product, considered as participating to strengthen the territory, may induce the destruction of the links unifying the elements of the productive system and, by the way, weaken the territory. Such results open perspectives on the production of multi-situated territories, overcoming the classical way to consider this production under institutional logics (ie geographical indication isolating one product from its whole system) for designing plural and interlinked functionalities. Through the study of co-products involved into processes of recovery, I achieved understanding the frictions created around the uses of shared resources, rivalries and conflicts, but also possible resulting compromises that may contribute to processes of recoupling with perspectives of multi-functionality
Kwasiborski, Anthony. "Protéome et transcriptome du muscle Longissimus lumborum de porc : influence du mode d'élevage, de l'origine génétique et du sexe." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21828.
Full textDe, Tonnac de Villeneuve Auriane. "Effet d'un apport en ALA et en DHA sur le métabolisme lipidique et la qualité de la viande de porc. : Caractérisation par SPIR de la composition en acides gras." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARB289/document.
Full textPigs used in this thesis were fed linseed rich in a-linolenic acid (ALA) and microalgae rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to evaluate the effect of diet on lipid metabolism and pork quality. Fatty acid (FA) composition of the diets did not have any effect on pig performances and carcass parameters measured at slaughter. The digestive utilization, the quantity of n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the diet and the technological treatment applied to linseed were identified as modifiers of the deposition of ALA and DHA in total, neutral and polar lipids. They also had an impact on the activity of lipogenesis enzymes and on the gene expression involved in n-3 PUFA synthesis in the liver. The malonaldehyde content, representative of the FA lipoperoxydation, measured in longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the back (SCB),significantly increased with the supply of microalgae and with linseed to a lesser extent. Finally, the odor of the meat from pigs fed microalgae was more pronounced than meat from pigs fed linseed or a mix 75%/25% of linseed and microalgae. From results obtained in animal experiments, linear models were built to predict n-3 PUFA deposition in pig tissues from quantities of digestible ALA and DHA ingested by animals. Finally, a last part of the thesis allowed characterizing the FA composition of the SCB by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in order to quickly identify the meat enriched with n-3 PUFA
Pouliot, Éric. "Impact de l'environnement d'élevage durant la période hivernale sur les performances de croissance et la qualité de la viande des agneaux lourds." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24667/24667.pdf.
Full textMazé, Armelle. "Le choix des contrats à l'épreuve de la qualité : une analyse des mécanismes de gouvernance dans le secteur de la viande bovine." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010047.
Full textChartrin, Pascal. "Évolution des dépôts adipeux intramusculaires au cours de la croissance et du gavage du canard : relation avec la qualité de la viande." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S123.
Full textCarlier, François. "Information du consommateur et dynamique de branche : qualité et traçabilité dans la filière bovine française." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010081.
Full textBrassard, Marie-Ève. "L'alimentation à base de concentrés ou de pâturage affecte la digestion, la croissance de même que la qualité de la carcasse et de la viande du chevreau." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34001.
Full textIt has been suggested that microbial protein synthesis in the rumen would be optimized when dietary carbohydrates and proteins have synchronized rates and extent of degradation. The first objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of varying ruminal degradation rate of carbohydrates and nitrogen sources on intake, nitrogen balance, microbial protein yield in the rumen, and digestive kinetics of nutrients in the rumen of growing kids. Eight Boer goats were used. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot Latin square design with grain sources (barley or corn) forming the main plots (squares). Grain processing methods (rolled barley and cracked corn vs unprocessed grains) and levels of protein degradability [untreated soybean meal (SBM) vs heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM)] formed the subplots in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for a total of eight dietary treatments. Kids fed corn had higher excretion of purine derivatives (PD) when coupled with SBM compared with HSBM and the contrary occurred with barley-fed kids (P ≤ 0.01). Unprocessed grain offered with SBM led to a higher PD excretion than with HSBM whereas protein degradability had no effect when processed grain was fed (P ≤ 0.03). Results of this experiment with high concentrate diets showed that microbial N synthesis in the rumen could be maximized in goat kids by combining slowly fermented grains (corn or unprocessed grains) with a highly degradable protein supplement (SBM). With barley, a more rapidly fermented grain, a greater microbial protein synthesis in the rumen was observed when supplementing a low degradable protein (HSBM). Each cereal used in animal feeding has distinct characteristics. Therefore, the second experiment of this thesis was conducted to compare the impact of corn and barley on growth performance, meat quality, and muscle fatty acid (FA) composition of goat kids. Twenty-four Boer males were blocked by body weight (BW) and allotted randomly within block to one of three experimental diets. Treatments consisted in varying ratios of barley to corn in the concentrate: 1) 100:0, 2) 50:50, and 3) 0:100. Fifteen randomly selected kids (n = 5 kids/treatment) were slaughtered to evaluate carcass traits and meat quality. Inclusion of barley in diet linearly increased concentrate intake (P < 0.01) and tended to increase average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.08). There was no significant difference on carcass traits and meat quality among dietary treatments, and overall good meat quality was obtained. Proportions of n-3 and n-6 FA increased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas the n-6/n-3 FA ratio linearly decreased (P < 0.01) in meat fat as corn inclusion increased in the diets. Finally, breed is a parameter also known to influence meat production and quality. The aim of the last study of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of breed and feeding regimen on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of male goat. Forty meat (Boer) or dairy (Alpine and Saanen) goat kids were blocked within breed according to BW. Kids within each block were then randomly allotted to intensive rotational grazing or a concentrate-based diet. Meat kids had a greater ADG than dairy kids (P < 0.01), but feeding treatments did not affect growth rate. For most of the primal cuts, meat kids accumulated more fat and less lean when they were fed concentrate in comparison with pasture, whereas these parameters were less influenced by dietary treatments in dairy kids (feed × breed, P ≤ 0.07). Pasture-fed kids had higher glycolytic potential resulting in lower meat ultimate pH. However, Warner-Bratzler shear force was higher for grazing kids compared with concentrate-fed kids (P < 0.01). Concentrate-fed kids showed an almost 4-fold greater n-6/n-3 FA ratio in meat fat compared with pasturefed kids, whereas this ratio was 1.4-fold greater for dairy kids in comparison with meat kids (P < 0.01). Intensive rotational pasture allowed similar average daily gain in comparison with concentrate-based diet, less internal fat accumulation in the carcass, and good meat quality. Furthermore, dairy breeds represented a valuable alternative for producing goat meat.
Correa, Moreno Jorge Andres. "Effets de la manipulation à la ferme et du transport sur le bien-être animal et la qualité de la viande de porc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28263/28263.pdf.
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