Relevant bibliographies by topics / Viatical and life settlements

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Viatical and life settlements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Greipp, Mary Elizabeth. "Viatical settlements: Ethical perspectives." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 16, no. 2 (March 1999): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104990919901600208.

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Petrie, Doug. "Are viatical settlements appropriate for your patients?" Case Manager 14, no. 4 (July 2003): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mcm.2003.60.

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Badreshia, Sonia, Vivek Bansal, Peter S. Houts, and Noel Ballentine. "Viatical Settlements. Effects on Terminally Ill Patients." Cancer Practice 10, no. 6 (November 2002): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5394.2002.106002.x.

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Jang, Deok-Jo. "Study on Viatical Settlements and the Possibility of Legislation." Korea Financial Law Association 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15692/kjfl.11.3.4.

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Halechko, Anna D. "Viatical Settlements and the Elderly: Potential Advantages and Hidden Dangers." CUNY Law Review 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2003): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31641/clr060204.

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Banks, John. "Resource for care & security An update on tax-free viatical settlements." Home Care Provider 2, no. 3 (June 1997): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1084-628x(97)90137-4.

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Glick, Shanah D. "Are Viatical Settlements Securities within the Regulatory Control of the Securities Act of 1933?" University of Chicago Law Review 60, no. 3/4 (1993): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1600162.

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McNealy, Sean, and Marlene H. Frith. "Life Settlements." Journal of Structured Finance 12, no. 2 (July 31, 2006): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2006.644153.

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Ziser, Boris. "Life Settlements." Journal of Structured Finance 11, no. 2 (July 31, 2005): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2005.570540.

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Schwartz, Jesse M., and Timothy O. Wood. "Life Settlements." Journal of Structured Finance 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2008): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2008.709961.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Jori, Mar. "Life Settlements y Viaticals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132000.

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Esta tesis doctoral se enmarca en un novedoso mercado basado en la compra/venta de pólizas de vida donde se comercializan dos tipos de productos: el Viatical y el Settlement. Un primer análisis se centra en el desarrollo de unos modelos económicos de optimización basados en la maximización de la utilidad esperada de un tomador para determinar si resulta óptimo o no vender su póliza de vida en el mercado secundario. La venta de la póliza viene determinada por múltiples factores personales y de mercado del tomador del seguro de vida. Un segundo análisis se centra en la definición de los riesgos a los que incurre el inversor al invertir tanto en Viaticals como en Life Settlements. Se destaca el riesgo de longevidad, muy elevado en este tipo de operaciones. Se propone, por tanto, la medición de dicho riesgo mediante un instrumento denominado modified life extension duration.
This thesis focuses on a new market where the policyholder can sell his life insurance policy by hiring two kinds of contracts: a Viatical if the insured is a terminally ill person or a Life Settlement if he is impaired. A first study concerns the optimal decision rules for a policyholder who wants to sell his life insurance policy. We present two economic models, the first model is focused on Viaticals and is treated in discrete setting, the second model is focused on Life Settlements and should be treated in continuous time. In both models a terminally ill/impaired policyholder has to decide whether or not to sell his life insurance policy in the secondary market and in case of selling it when it is optimally better to do it. A second study concerns the risks assumed by the investor in Viaticals or Life Settlements. The main risk is the longevity risk. We propose a measure to value this risk called modified life extension duration. This measure determines the loss in the Life Settlement/Viatical value because of an increase of the life expectancy of the insured.
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Chutapruttikorn, Rittirong. "Life on the tracks : reconstructing home in informal railway settlements, Bankok." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544193.

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Bari, Arezu Imran. "Understanding urban informality : everyday life in informal urban settlements in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3320.

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Rapid urbanisation and severe housing shortages help explain why informal settlements of self-built housing are widespread in Pakistan today. Failure to ensure an adequate supply of affordable housing has led to the steady encroachment of state-owned and private vacant land for informal dwelling. Current estimates are that 67% of the urban population of Pakistan lives in unrecognised settlements (UN-Habitat, 2013). Urban informality is arguably under researched within the South Asian context, particularly Pakistan. This study considers how everyday life unfolds through various forms of extra-legal, social and discursive regulations in this context of pervasive informality. This exploration is developed for the particular case of the Siddiquia Mill Colony, Faisalabad City. A central premise is that we need to develop new theoretical analytic tools that reflect current global urban trends in order to shift the perception of informality from one of deviance and disorganisation to one of alternative functionality and complementarity. The vast majority of new housing and urban economic opportunities around the world occur in informal sectors and unregulated settings. Contrary to conventional understanding, particularly in relation to South Asian informality, the research findings highlight that informal housing and irregular settlements function as enduring modes of urban development, inadequately portrayed as symptoms of economic backwardness. The study provides concrete examples of how informality is co-produced with formal urban development, often filling the institutional, structural and administrative gaps that state-led planning practices leave behind. The empirical research draws on a mix of ethnographic data from a detailed survey of household housing characteristics, in-depth interviews and immersive observations, in a two-tier research design. The findings reinforce the notion that informality is ordinary rather than deviant. Inhabitants exhibit a sense of attachment, a recognition of alternative property rights and a perceived sense of entitlement in relation to their properties. It is noted that, while a desire to ‘own’ their property could be perceived as falling in line with neo-liberal ideals, the drivers and objectives underpinning ‘ownership’ in this context are far removed from the desire, or need, to be part of a capitalistic, neo-liberal, propertied citizenship. Rather, these aspirations are based on ideas of security and perpetuity. This is evident through a close reading of well-defined but complex webs of horizontal and vertical social relations. Social relations internally differentiate the inhabitants of Siddiquia Mill, highlighting the persistence of unequal power relations. The insights gained from this case study contribute deeper understanding in geography and planning debates by demonstrating the multiple ways that urban informality functions simultaneously as a social field of competition and cooperation. This work makes two significant contributions to scholarship. First, it explores the previously neglected context of informality in urban Pakistan, which is quite different from informality in other, more-well documented countries of South Asia. Second, it argues in favour of informality as a counter to neo-liberalist ideology.
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Cardoso, Ana Cláudia Duarte. "The alternative space : informal settlements and life chances in Belém, Brazil." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247795.

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Runesson, Gunilla. "Bronsålderns bosättningsområden och boplatser på Gotland : Många syns inte men finns ändå." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-105993.

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In this thesis settlement areas and settlements from the Bronze Age on Gotland are in focus. The island of Gotland in the middle of the Baltic Sea is famous for its rich archaeological remains of monuments and relics from all pre-historic periods, and the Bronze Age (1700-500 BC) especially is well repre- sented. There are nearly a thousand cairns, over 300 stone-ship settings and a large amount of bronze finds, but there are few traits of contemporary settlements. With few exceptions the settlements from all pre-historic periods are in one way “invisible” but during the last decades the context has changed, as has knowledge of the settlements from the Bronze Age. Research published throughout the first ten years of the 21th century offers new and refreshing interpretations concerning settlements and houses from the period in question on both a regional level and in more comprehensive studies across Scandinavia. This is due to continued advances in archaeological methods to see the invisible remains however many of the sites are discovered in exploitation-excavations. In a smaller scale this is also true for Gotland and during the last decade there are scattered finds of houses from the period in the shape of post-holes, hearths and cooking pits. The situation on the island is not to expect larger ex- ploitations followed by excavations so we have to test other ways to look for the settlement areas and settlements. In this study I therefor examine if there are any relations to the visible, in first hand cont- emporary types of monuments such as burnt mounds, cairns, stone ship settings and finds of bronzes, to sites seen as possible settlement areas from the Bronze Age. In this context I also have to consider the remains from the early Iron Age, foremost the visible remains of fossilised fields and ancient forts. The theoretical framework is a hermeneutic approach in the study of the relations of each cont- emporary types of monuments contextualized with possible settlements. As Gotland is an island I have to relate to the meaning of landscape and islands. To get closer to the society and the social orga- nisation, my aim is also to come closer to the people who lived their daily lives on Gotland during the Bronze Age and to consider the question of the chiefdoms and the social organisation.
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Porro, Noemi. "Rupture and resistance gender relations and life trajectories in the babaçu palm forests of Brazil /." [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000591.

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Gaqa, Mzulungile. "Life beyond protests: An ethnographic study of what it means to be an informal settlement resident in Kanana/Gugulethu, Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6668.

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Magister Artium - MA
This study explores the lives of Kanana residents, an informal settlement in Gugulethu Township on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa. It pays particular attention to their everyday lives to dispel negative and simplistic representations of informal settlement residents when they collectively take part in protests. Although there are extensive reasons for the protests in the informal settlements, the media and the South African government have reduced these protests to portraying them as demands for “service delivery”, and furthermore as criminally induced protests. I point out that this problem is partly due to scholarly work that does not engage these misleading representations and illustrate the lives of shack residents in the ordinary, when they are not protesting. Thus the focus of this thesis is life beyond protests. I argue that the lives of shack residents who participate in the protests are complex. As opposed to negative and simplistic representations, this thesis illustrates that one needs to be immersed in the lives of shack residents so as to understand them as identifiable human beings who make meaning of their lives. I explore their lives in the shack settlement further and argue that these human beings live their ordinary harmonious lives centred on the practice of greeting. To highlight the complexity of life of protesting informal settlement residents this thesis makes a point that there exist unsettling realities in the shack settlement; unsettling realities that make residents feel to be less of human beings. Kanana residents, therefore, draw from these perpetual unsettling realities to organise and protest. This thesis is based on ethnographic research, which was conducted between September 2015 and February 2016. During fieldwork, I observed and interacted in informal conversations with Kanana residents. With the main co-producers of this work, I carried out their life histories and further in-depth interviews.
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Advincula, Gabriela Bila Bandeira. "With(in) : three women, three informal settlements, and the rituals of the meal as a microcosm of urban life." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130995.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February, 2021
Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis. Each leaf consists of 2 pages (side by side). Page number at left side margin of the left page.
Includes bibliographical references.
Shared transnational challenges are connecting people in unprecedented ways. Crises such as the 2020 pandemic proved that the world is a single organism and no issue is only a local issue. If social and technological trends continue toward increased globalization, people of different cultures must find new ways to better understand the needs and values of communities that we are unlikely to experience first-hand. To build this understanding, this work conducts a natural experiment to increase cross-cultural awareness through a medium all can relate to: food and its attendant social rituals. The goal is to create a novel way to understand and communicate urban specificities by using the table rituals as a microcosm of community. The research looks for a connection between the act of procuring food, preparing food and eating together and the structures of the communities people live in. This thesis is a two-part inquiry comprising: (1) A comparative study conducted with field research at rapidly urbanizing areas of Port Harcourt, Cairo and Guadalajara, and (2) an immersive video installation and multimedia book for communicating this content.
by Gabriela Bila Bandeira Advincula.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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Van, Niekerk Susan. "The integration of GIS technology into demographic and quality of life surveying of informal settlements : Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/881.

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A number of mostly informal areas in Nelson Mandela Bay have experienced rapid expansion over the past decade or so. Census data available for these areas is outdated and does not provide enough information for local authorities to accurately plan for tasks such as service delivery management and resource allocation. In this dissertation, a GIS based demographic and Quality of Life study of informal settlements and previously disadvantaged areas within Nelson Mandela Bay is undertaken to address this issue. The study aims to integrate GIS technology into a demographic and Quality of Life survey to significantly improve the collection, analysis, interpretation, display and management of survey data and to provide the accurate and necessary updates required between census collections. Data relating to informal settlements were captured from aerial photographs and satellite imagery and demographic and Quality of Life data were collected from field surveys. The results demonstrated that the use of GIS technology provided more accurate information for demographic variables, including the number of dwellings, dwelling type, size of the population and population dynamics. A specific demographic trend observed through spatial analysis included the identification of backyard shacks predating formal structures in settlements. The analysis and representation of the Quality of Life field survey data in GIS demonstrated how residents' perceptions of problems and issues in their neighbourhoods are better interpreted, understood and managed when analyzed within a spatial context. This research concluded that GIS based demographic and QOL studies are vital for providing accurate social and spatial information for municipalities, particularly in urban environments of developing countries, and for providing the necessary updates to censuses occurring every ten years.
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Bailey, Lucy A. "The village shop and rural life in nineteenth-century England : cultural representations and lived experience." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2015. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8824/.

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Despite consumption and retailing having grown to form a meta-narrative in historical enquiry, the village shop has largely escaped attention. Remarkably little is known about the long-term development of rural services, particularly shops, which are often ignored as marginal and undynamic. Moreover, whilst their recent decline has highlighted their perceived importance to the vitality of village life, the extent to which this is based on a romanticised or historically myopic image is unclear. This thesis seeks to rectify this lacuna by critically assessing the real and imagined role of the shop and shopkeeper within village life during the nineteenth century, in terms of supplying goods and services, integrating and representing community as a place and a network of people, and projecting images of the rural into the wider national consciousness. It adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach and offers an integrated analysis of a wide range of visual, literary and historical sources: from paintings and serialised stories to account books and trade directories. Central to the argument is a sustained interrogation of the shifting historic construction of the village shop and its keeper, from exploitative and anti-rural to the epitome of a nostalgic and sentimentalised view of England’s rural communities. This is compared to the lived experience, as established from the historical record, quantitative analysis conducted at both village and county level. This synthetic approach has required the amalgamation of multiple perspectives: writer and artist; reader and consumer; observer and participant; patron and critic; shopkeeper, customer and villager. The thesis inputs into debates relating to the commercial history and cultural understanding of rural communities, the findings broadening our understanding of the history of rural retailers and the communities they served, shedding light on rural consumption and how changing attitudes to retailing, rural communities and the countryside were developing. It also contributes to other key areas of research including the notion of community (places and networks) and cultural representations of people, place, space and everyday life.
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Books on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Wolk, Gloria Grening. Viatical & life settlements: An investor's guide. Laguna Hills, CA: BIALKIN BOOKS, 2004.

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Bhuyan, Vishaal B. Life markets: Trading mortality and longevity risk with life settlements and linked securities. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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Sood, Neeraj. Cashing out life insurance: An analysis of the viatical settlements market. Santa Monica, Calif: RAND, 2003.

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Geoff, Chaplin, and Venn Mark, eds. Life settlements and longevity structures: Pricing and risk management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Retirement protection: Fighting fraud in the sale of death : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, February 26, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Betting on death in the life settlement market: What's at stake for seniors? : hearing before the Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, Washington, DC, April 29, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Bhuyan, Vishaal B. The esoteric investor: Alternative investments for global macro investors. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press, 2011.

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Buying time. Artesia, Calif: Goldman House, 2009.

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Bhuyan, Vishaal B. The esoteric investor: Alternative investments for global macro investors. Upper Saddle River, N.J: FT Press, 2011.

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Viatical settlements: An investor's guide. Laguna Hills, CA: Bialkin Books, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Ryan, James A., and Roger F. Harbin. "Structured Settlements." In Medical Selection of Life Risks, 173–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14499-0_12.

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Ryan, James A., and Roger F. Harbin. "Structured Settlements." In Brackenridge’s Medical Selection of Life Risks, 183–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-56632-7_12.

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Ryan, James A., and Roger F. Harbin. "Structured Settlements." In Brackenridge’s Medical Selection of Life Risks, 183–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-72324-9_12.

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Perera, Nemo. "Risks Mitigation for Life Settlements." In Life Markets, 151–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266281.ch13.

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Bhuyan, Vishaal B. "A Brief History of Life Settlements." In Life Markets, 1–4. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266281.ch1.

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Keating, Con. "Introduction." In Life Settlements and Longevity Structures, 1–4. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119206446.ch0.

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Finsinger, Jörg, Franz Diboky, Klaus Kalberlah, and Dieter Nölkel. "Life Settlements — der Sekundärmarkt von US-Lebensversicherungen." In Handbuch Finanz- und Vermögensberatung, 411–40. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90486-7_21.

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Arce, Guadalupe, Jorge Enrique Zafrilla, Luis-Antonio López, and María Ángeles Tobarra. "Carbon Footprint of Human Settlements in Spain." In Carbon Footprint and the Industrial Life Cycle, 307–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54984-2_14.

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Ziser, Boris, and Joseph Selvidio. "Life Settlements: Regulatory Framework; Insurance Carrier Reaction and Next Steps for the Marketplace." In Life Markets, 195–212. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266281.ch16.

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Pignatti, Erika, and Sandro Pignatti. "Stable Meadows and Vegetation of Fields and Human Settlements." In Plant Life of the Dolomites, 19–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31043-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Dębicka, Joanna, and Stanisław Heilpern. "Investor’s Expected Profit from Viatical Settlements." In Applications of Mathematics and Statistics in Economics. International Scientific Conference: Szklarska Poręba, 30 August- 3 September 2017. Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Economics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/amse.2017.20.08.

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Yang, Xiaodong, Huiying Wang, and Jiayu Yao. "Evaluation of Urban Settlements' Whole Life Cycle Environmental Value." In 2014 International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413777.191.

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Vinokurova, Liliia. "ARCTIC RURAL SETTLEMENTS OF YAKUTIA: RECONSTRUCTION OF SOVIET EVERYDAY LIFE." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/4.1/s17.040.

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Niocodemo, G., D. Peduto, S. Ferlisi, and J. Maccabiani. "Investigating building settlements via very high resolution SAR sensors." In The Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Engineering (IALCCE 2016). Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375175-332.

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Winarwati, Indien. "Urgency Of Mediation Institutions As One Of The Alternative Dispute Settlements In The Society." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Life, Innovation, Change and Knowledge (ICLICK 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclick-18.2019.63.

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Szeberényi, András. "nvironmental good practice to life with the help of renewable energy through the example of some settlements." In International Scientific Days 2016. The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s13.10.

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Iovene, Maddalena, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova, Ombretta Romice, and Sergio Porta. "Towards Informal Planning: Mapping the Evolution of Spontaneous Settlements in Time." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5441.

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Maddalena Iovene¹, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova2, Ombretta Romice¹, Sergio Porta¹ ¹Urban Design Studies Unit (UDSU). Department of Architecture. University of Strathclyde. 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G11XJ, UK. 2Centro de Investigación de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad (CIAC), Departamento de Arquitectura, PUCP. Av. Universitaria 1801, 32 San Miguel, Lima, Peru. E-mail: maddalena.iovene@strath.ac.uk, gdcfernandez@pucp.edu.pe, ombretta.r.romice@strath.ac.uk, sergioporta@strath.ac.uk Keywords (3-5): Informal Settlement, Peru, Lima, Model of Change, Urban Morphology Conference topics and scale: Reading and Regenerating the Informal City Cities are the largest complex adaptive system in human culture and have always been changing in time according to largely unplanned patterns of development. Though urban morphology has typically addressed studies of form in cities, with emphasis on historical cases, diachronic comparative studies are still relatively rare, especially those based on quantitative analysis. As a result, we are still far from laying the ground for a comprehensive understanding of the urban form’s model of change. However, developing such understanding is extremely relevant as the cross-scale interlink between the spatial and social-economic dynamics in cities are increasingly recognized to play a major role in the complex functioning of urban systems and quality of life. We study the urban form of San Pedro de Ate, an informal settlement in Lima, Peru, along its entire cycle of development over the last seventy years. Our study, conducted through a four-months on-site field research, is based on the idea that informal settlements would change according to patterns similar to those of pre-modern cities, though at a much faster pace of growth, yet giving the opportunity to observe the evolution of an urban organism in a limited time span. To do so we first digitalize aerial photographs of five different time periods (from 1944 to 2013), to then conduct a typo-morphological analysis at five scales: a) unit, b) building, c) plot, d) block, and e) settlement (comprehensive of public spaces and street network). We identify and classify patterns of change in the settlement’s urban structure using recognised literature on pre-modern cities, thus supporting our original hypothesis. We then suggest a unitary model of analysis that we name Temporal Settlement Matrix (TSM). Reference List Caniggia, G., & Maffei, G. L. (2008). Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Vol. 215). Alinea Editrice. Conzen, M. R. G. (1958). The growth and character of Whitby. A Survey of Whitby and the Surrounding Area, 49–89. Hernández, F., Kellett, P. W., & Allen, L. K. (2010). Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Vol. 11). Berghahn Books. Kropf, K. (2009). Aspects of urban form. Urban Morphology, 13(2), 105–120. Muratori, S. (1960). Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia. Palladio, 1959, 1–113. 22. Porta, S., Romice, O., Maxwell, J. A., Russell, P., & Baird, D. (2014). Alterations in scale: patterns of change in main street networks across time and space. Urban Studies, 51(16), 3383–3400. Watson, V. (2009). “The planned city sweeps the poor away…”: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 72(3), 151–193. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001). Changing suburban landscapes at the microscale. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 92(2), 164–184.
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Duell, Michael G., and Lorien A. Martin. "Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Efficient Measures in a Tropical Housing Design." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82367.

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Energy conservation has become an issue of global significance, which is a focus reflected in the Australian housing industry’s renewed emphasis on energy-efficient design. The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) has proposed to increase the stringency of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) to ensure the industry adopts energy efficient measures, including the enhancement of thermal performance and greater recognition of thermal mass in energy rating schemes. However, this proposal’s potential to effect energy savings in tropical housing is yet to be assessed. In order to determine its relative merits under tropical conditions, a standardised house design used in the Tiwi Islands of the Northern Territory (NT) was subjected to life cycle analysis, including analysis of embodied energy, the efficiency of energy saving measures and the resulting active energy consumption. This standardised house, like others in the NT, is designed for retrofitting within 10 years, which reduces the time available for savings in operational energy to exceed energy invested in installing these measures. Housing lifespan would, therefore, significantly impact upon potential benefits resulting from changes to the BCA. In addition, the spatial distances between population settlements in the NT greatly increases embodied energy values. It was found that adopting the proposed measures would result in an increase in energy efficiency through a reduction in the need for refrigerative air conditioner use, and that the embodied energy payback period would fall within the lifespan of the house. Therefore, for this specific tropical design, the BCA’s proposed measures for saving energy were found to be beneficial.
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Лилия, Базарьева. "CREATIVE INITIATIVES OF THE POPULATION OF SMALL CITIES IN THE PERM REGION." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.33.

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The article describes the manifestation of creative initiatives of the population of small towns of the Perm Territory in various aspects of modern life. It is emphasized that small cities have a special weight of historical and cultural plan. The article reflects the close relationship of small towns with villages and rural settlements in the administrative, cultural and socioeconomic terms. The example of a number of small cities in the Perm region shows the manifestation of creative initiatives of the population in different spheres of life of a small city and their impact on the sociocultural condition of the rural population.
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Yılmaz, Zelal. "Emergency Architecture: Van and Onagawa Example." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021311n7.

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The need for temporary housing in natural disasters is an important issue for people to develop. During this period, post-disaster accommodation needs are often planned with temporary housing applications that require rapid installation and where the minimum needs of inhabitant can be met. Decisions to be taken in the residential area; can range from the choice of urban relations to the architectural design of temporary residences and can affect the resident's quality of life. A temporary home that will resist a recurring disaster should be a design suitable for climate conditions, close to the adequacy of basic needs in containers, security, and access to urban infrastructure, sustainability of materials, sociality, health and education facilities. In this context, environmental and architectural evaluation of Van and Onagawa container settlements planned after the major earthquakes in 2011 reveals the essence and importance of the study. It also aims to analyse and compare architectural and urban decisions in these settlements, creating a checklist for projects made with the principle of planning and design before future disasters.
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Reports on the topic "Viatical and life settlements"

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Sood, Neeraj, Abby Alpert, and Jay Bhattacharya. Technology, Monopoly, and the Decline of the Viatical Settlements Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11164.

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Ayala-García, Jhorland, and Sandy Dall’Erba. The impact of preemptive investment on natural disasters. Banco de la República, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.301.

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Extreme rainfall events are expected to become more frequent and more intense in the future. Because their mitigation is a challenge and their cost to human life is large, this paper studies the impact of preemptive investment against natural disasters on the future occurrence of landslides and the losses associated with it. Based on a panel of 746 Colombian municipalities with medium and high risk of landslides and an instrumental variable approach, we find that preemptive public investment can reduce the number of landslides, the number of people who die, are injured, or disappear after a landslide, as well as the number of people affected. However, we do not find any effect on the number of houses destroyed. The results reveal that local governments focus their preventive measures on saving the lives and the physical integrity of their citizens, but they pay less attention to the direct market losses of natural disasters. These results are relevant in the presence of imperfect private insurance markets and increased informal settlements.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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