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Journal articles on the topic 'Vibrated fluidised bed dryer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lehmann, Soeren E., Moritz Buchholz, Alfred Jongsma, Fredrik Innings, and Stefan Heinrich. "Modeling and Flowsheet Simulation of Vibrated Fluidized Bed Dryers." Processes 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010052.

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Drying in fluidized beds is an important step in the production of powdered materials. Especially in the food and pharmaceutical industry, fluidized bed dryers are often vibrated to improve the drying process. In the current work, a continuous fluidized bed drying model is implemented in the novel, open-source flowsheet simulation framework Dyssol. The new model accounts for the hydrodynamic characteristics of all Geldart groups as well as the impact of mechanical vibration on the drying process. Distributed particle properties are considered by the model. Comprehensive validation of the model was conducted for a wide range of process parameters, different materials, dryer geometries and dimensions as well as the impact of vibration. Particle properties are predicted accurately and represent the broad experimental data well. A sensitivity analysis of the model confirmed grid independence and the validity of underlying model assumptions.

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2

Alvarez, P. I., R. Blasco, J. Gomez, and F. A. Cubillos. "A First Principles–Neural Networks Approach to Model a Vibrated Fluidized Bed Dryer: Simulations and Experimental Results." Drying Technology 23, no. 1-2 (February 23, 2005): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/drt-200047661.

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3

Suherman, Suherman, and Rona Trisnaningtyas. "ANALISA ENERGI DAN EKSERGI PADA PENGERINGAN TEPUNG TAPIOKA MENGGUNAKAN PENGERING KONTINYU UNGGUN FLUIDISASI GETAR." Reaktor 16, no. 1 (May 15, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.16.1.24-31.

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Energy and exergy analysis of cassava starch drying in continuous vibrated fluidized bed dryer were carried out to assess the performance of the system in terms of energy utilization ratio, energy efficiency, exergy inflow and outflow, exergy loss, and exergetic efficiency. The results showed cassava starch has starch content 87%, degree of whiteness 95%, negative fiber content, sperichal granula with average diameter12.32 μm, orthorhombic crystal structure and crystal size 47.467 nm . Energy utilization and energy utilization ratio increased from 0.08 to 0.20 J/s and 0.35 to 0.4 as the drying temperature increased from 50 to 70 oC. Energy efficiency increased from 13.80 % to 23.31 %, while exergy inflow, outflow, and losses increased from 4.701 to 14.678, 2.277 to 6.344, and 2.424 to 8.334 J/s respectively in the above temperature range. Exergetic efficiency decreased with increase in drying air temperature, while exergetic improvement potential increased with increased drying air temperature. Keywords: Cassava starch, continuous drying, energy and exergy analysis, vibrated fluidized bed Abstrak Analisis energi dan eksergi pengeringan pati tapioka menggunakan pengering kontinu unggun fluidisasi getar, telah dilakukan untuk menilai kinerja sistem dalam bentuk utilisasi energi, efisiensi energi, eksergi masuk dan keluar, eksergi hilang dan efisiensi eksergi. Hasil analisis pati memiliki kandungan starch 87%, tingkat keputihan 95%, kandungan serat negatif, bentuk partikel granular spherical dengan diameter 12,32 μm, struktur kristal orthorhombic dan ukuran kristal sebesar 47,467 nm. Peningkatan suhu pengering dari 50 menjadi 70 0C akan meningkatkan utilisasi energi dan rasio utilisasi energi dari 0,08 menjadi 0,20 J/s dan 0,35 menjadi 0,4. Efisiensi energi meningkat dari 13,80% hingga 23,31%, sedangkan eksergi masuk dan keluar, eksergi hilang meningkat dari 4,701 menjadi 14,678, 2,277 menjadi 6,344, dan 2,424 menjadi 8,334 J/s. Efisiensi eksergi menurun dengan naiknya suhu sedangkan potensi pengembangan eksergi meningkat dengan naiknya suhu. Kata kunci:. Analisis energi dan eksergi, pati tapioka, pengeringan kontinu, unggun fluidisasi getar

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4

Eflita, Yohana, Haryanto Ismoyo, Dwiputra Muhamad Adrian, and Luqmanul H. Yusuf. "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Vibro Fluidized Bed Dryer using Finite Element Method." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 05029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187305029.

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Vibro Fluidized bed dryer is a widely used tea dryer now. Its function is to stop the enzymatic oxidation process and decrease water content up to 2,8-3,8%. The working principle is to use the vibrations generated by the eccentric motor so that the tea powder that runs on the bed will vibrate. The purpose of this research is to model, static and dynamic of vibro fluidized bed dryer. The analysis was to determine the maximum stress and natural frequency of the vibro fluidized bed dryer to the variation of green tea mass being processed. Using dynamic analysis the obtained first three natural frequencies of the vibro fluidized bed dryer were 5,8876 Hz, 9,5267 Hz, and 10,512 Hz. The results showed that at 695 kg tea mass the natural frequency has the same as the excitation frequency. In this case, the safety factor of the vibro fluidized bed dryer is 27.6. It can be concluded that the maximum capacity of the vibro fluidized bed dryer is 695 kg..

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5

Lehmann, S. E., A. Jongsma, F. Innings, and S. Heinrich. "Modeling of vibrated fluidized‐bed dryers." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 92, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.202055069.

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6

Jading, Abadi, Paulus Payung, and Reniana Reniana. "KAJIAN TEKNIS-EKONOMIS ALAT PENGERING PATI SAGU MODEL CROSS FLOW VIBRO FLUIDIZED BED (Study on Technical-Economic of Sago Starch Dryer Model of Cross Flow Vibro Fluidized Bed)." Jurnal Agritech 34, no. 04 (February 11, 2015): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9440.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate performance of vibro cross flow fluidized bed dryer using biomass fuel for drying sago starch. The phase of research were evaluation of dryer heated by a biomass stove using coconut shell as a fuel and observation of the drying temperature, moisture content, drying time, energy analysis, and drying effiviency, as well as calculation of its economic analysis. The dryer has dimension of 200x50x1500 cm for length, width, hight, respectively, and working capacity of 35kg/process. The results showed that biomass fuel consumption for drying sago starch for 7 hours was 12740,00 MJ (70 kg/process) and electricity consumption for blower and vibrator was 37,80 MJ. Furthermore, the dryer reduced moisture content of sago starch from 42% (wb) to 12% (wb) with temperature in the vibrator chamber of 40-60 oC and relative humidity of 50%, as well as ambient temperature of 30 3C and drying efficiency of 46,02%. Economic analysis showed that the dryer had NPV of Rp. 16.002.858, BCR of 1,53, IRR of 35%, and PBP of 3,51 years.Keywords: Cross flow, vibro fluidized bed dryer, biomass stoves, sago starch, financial analysis ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap alat pengering pati berbasis sagu model cross flow vibrofluidized bed bertenaga biomassa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian alat pengering menggunakan tungku biomassa berbahan bakar tempurung kelapa dengan melakukan pengamatan suhu selama pengeringan, penurunan kadar air, waktu pengeringan, kebutuhan energi, efisiensi pengering, dan analisis finansial. Konstruksi alat pengering pati sagu model vibro fluidized bed bertenaga biomassa berukuran panjang, lebar dan tinggi masing-masing (200x50x1500) cm, serta memiliki daya tampung atau kapasitas maksimum pati sagu basah 35 kg/proses. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat pengering ini mampu mengeringkan pati sagu selama 7 jam, dengan konsumsi bahan bakar tempurung kelapa sebanyak 70 kg/proses (1274MJ), kebutuhan daya listrik untuk tenaga blower dan vibrator(37,80 MJ), serta mampu menurunkan kadar air pati sagu dari 42%bb menjadi 12%bb dengan suhu dalam ruang vibrator adalah 40-60 oC, RH 50%, suhu lingkungan 30C dan efisiensi pemanasan (pengeringan) 46,02%.Hasil analisis finansial menunjukan bahwa investasi alat pengering vibro fluidized bedsangat layak dilaksanakan berdasarkan kriteria NPV = Rp. 16.002.858, BCR= 1,53, IRR= 35%, dan PBP tertutupi setelah 3,51 tahun. Kata kunci: Aliran silang, vibro fluidized bed dryer, tungku biomassa, pati sagu, analisis finansial

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7

Bahu, R. E. "FLUIDISED BED DRYER SCALE-UP." Drying Technology 12, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939408959959.

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8

Finzer, J. R. D., M. A. Sfredo, G. D. B. Sousa, and J. R. Limaverde. "Dispersion coefficient of coffee berries in vibrated bed dryer." Journal of Food Engineering 79, no. 3 (April 2007): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.03.011.

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9

Villegas, J. A., W. Q. Yang, S. R. Duncan, R. S. Raghavan, and H. G. Wang. "Optimal operating conditions for a batch fluidised bed dryer." IET Control Theory & Applications 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2009.0039.

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10

Villegas, Javier A., Stephen R. Duncan, Haigang G. Wang, Wuquiang Q. Yang, and Rambali S. Raghavan. "Distributed parameter control of a batch fluidised bed dryer." Control Engineering Practice 17, no. 9 (September 2009): 1096–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.04.012.

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11

Gazor, H. R., and A. Mohsenimanesh. "Modelling the drying kinetics of canola in fluidised bed dryer." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 6 (December 13, 2010): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/256/2009-cjfs.

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Canola, one of the new oil seeds in Iran, is investigated for drying in Batch fluidised beds. Experiments were conducted to assess the kinetics of drying in the temperature range of 30–100°C. The drying rate was found to increase significantly with increasing temperature. The drying rate was compared with various exponential time decay models and the model parameters were evaluated. The approximate diffusion and logarithmic models were found to match the experimental data very closely with the maximum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) less than 0.02. Considering fewer differences in the model evaluation factors and friendly use, logarithmic model was recommended for modelling canola drying. The experimental data were also modelled using Fick's diffusion equation, the effective diffusivity coefficients having been found to be from 3.76 × 10–11 m<sup>2</sup>/s to 8.46 × 10–11 m<sup>2</sup>/s in the range of experimental data covered in the present study. For the process, the activation energy was calculated to be 11.03 kJ/mol assuming an Arrhenius type temperature reliance.

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12

Alonso, Juan, and Apolinar Picado. "Simulation of a continuous fluidised bed dryer for shelled corn." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 03 (June 30, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i03.11863.

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In this study, a mathematical model to simulate the drying of shelled corn in a continuous plug-flow fluidised bed dryer is presented. Equipment and material models were applied to describe the process. The equipment model was based on the differential equations obtained by applying mass and energy balances to each element of the dryer. In the case of the material model, mass and heat transfer rates in a single isolated particle were considered. Calculation results were verified by comparison with experimental data from the literature. There was a very good agreement between experimental data and simulation. The effects of gas temperature and velocity, particle diameter, dry solid flow and solid temperature on the drying process were investigated. It was found that the changes in gas velocity, dry solids flow and the solid temperature had essentially no effect on the drying process.

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13

Wang, Xiaoxin, Youyi Guo, and Pengcheng Shu. "Investigation into gas–solid heat transfer in a cryogenic vibrated fluidised bed." Powder Technology 139, no. 1 (January 2004): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.053.

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14

Picado, Apolinar, and Rafael Gamero. "Simulation of a continuous plug-flow fluidised bed dryer for rough rice." Nexo Revista Científica 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v27i2.1947.

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In this study, a mathematical model to simulate the drying of rough rice in a continuous plug-flow fluidised bed dryer ispresented. Equipment and material models were applied to describe the process. The equipment model was based on thedifferential equations obtained by applying mass and energy balances to each element of the dryer. Concerning the materialmodel, mass and heat transfer rates in a single isolated particle were considered. Mass and heat transfer within the particles wasdescribed by analytical solutions with constant effective transport coefficients. To simulate the dryer, the material model wasimplemented in the equipment model in order to describe the whole process. Calculation results were verified by comparisonwith experimental data from the literature. There was very good agreement between experimental data and simulation. Theeffects of gas temperature and velocity, particle diameter, dry solid flow and solid temperature on the drying process wereinvestigated. It was found that the changes in gas velocity, dry solids flow and solid temperature had essentially no effect ondrying behaviour.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v27i2.1947

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15

Gürel, Ali Etem, N. A. �°, lhan Ceylan, and Sezayi Yılmaz. "Thermodynamic analysis of PID controlled fluidised bed dryer with parabolic trough collector." International Journal of Exergy 18, no. 1 (2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2015.072057.

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16

Ozturk, Merve, and Ibrahim Dincer. "Exergy analysis of tea drying in a continuous vibro-fluidised bed dryer." International Journal of Exergy 30, no. 4 (2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2019.10025806.

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Ozturk, Merve, and Ibrahim Dincer. "Exergy analysis of tea drying in a continuous vibro-fluidised bed dryer." International Journal of Exergy 30, no. 4 (2019): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2019.104102.

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18

Montreepila, Montree, Nattapol Poomsa-Ad, and Lamul Wiset. "Mathematical modelling of diced konjac corms drying in a fluidised bed dryer." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part A (2020): 2833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190704092m.

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Konjac glucomannan (KGM) can be obtained from tubers (called corms) of various species within the Amorphophallus genus. Among the most popular species for use in food industry is Buk Nuea Sai (Amorphophallus muelleri), a native species in Thailand. Drying process can be helpful in preserving KGM during long storage periods. However, the existing drying systems are often slow and lead to drying delays and subsequently quality reduction of the dried product. Given the economic importance of KGM, new, more efficient drying systems, have to be developed. The present study focuses on the drying kinetics of konjac dices in a fluidized bed, operating at a constant air velocity of 2.5 m/s and air temperatures of 50, 60, and 70?C. Six empirical mathematical models were selected to describe and compare the drying characteristics of konjac dices subjected to these conditions. The model coefficients were determined by non-linear regression analysis. Among the tested models used to describe the drying kinetics of konjac dices, the two-term model was found as the best one. The moisture loss from the dice was described by the Fick?s diffusion equation, and based on the obtained results the effective moisture diffusivity was estimated, getting a value in the range between 9.60526 ? 10?9 m2/s and 1.2006 ? 10?7 m2/s. The relationship between the temperature and the effective moisture diffusivity was described adequately by means of Arrhenius-type equation. An activation energy value between 8.65 kJ/mol and 61.28 kJ/mol was obtained. The findings allow the successful simulation of konjac dice drying in a fluidized bed between 50 and 70?C, 30-60 mm bed height and 6-15 mm dice thickness.

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Wang, Xiaoxin, Youyi Guo, and Pengcheng Shu. "Numerical modelling of heat transfer between gas and solid in a vibrated fluidised bed." Applied Thermal Engineering 23, no. 7 (May 2003): 821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(03)00020-6.

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20

Jittanit, Weerachet, George Srzednicki, and Robert Driscoll. "Energy cost of seed drying." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 26, no. 1 (November 26, 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.302.

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In this work, the energy costs of drying corn, rice and wheat seeds between 3 drying options were compared. They consisted of 1) two-stage drying by using fluidised bed dryer (FBD) in the 1st stage and in-store dryer (ISD) in the 2nd stage, 2) single-stage drying by fixed bed dryer (FXD) and 3) two-stage drying by using FXD in the 1st stage and ISD in the 2nd stage. The drying conditions selected for comparison were proved to be safe for seed viability by the previous studies. The results showed that the drying options 2 and 3 consumed less energy than option 1. However, the benefits from lower energy cost must be weighed against some advantages of using FBD. Furthermore, it appeared that running the burners of FXD and ISD for warming up the ambient air during humid weather condition could shorten drying time significantly with a little higher energy cost.

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21

Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat, Somchart Soponronnarit, Somboon Wetchacama, and Kongsak Chinnabun. "Methodology for enhancing drying rate and improving maize quality in a fluidised-bed dryer." Journal of Stored Products Research 40, no. 4 (January 2004): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-474x(03)00029-8.

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22

Pattanayak, Binayak, Siba Shankar Mohapatra, and Harish Chandra Das. "Energy and exergy analyses of paddy drying process in a vertical fluidised bed dryer." International Journal of Exergy 28, no. 2 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2019.097975.

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Das, Harish Chandra, Binayak Pattanayak, and Siba Shankar Mohapatra. "Energy and exergy analyses of paddy drying process in a vertical fluidised bed dryer." International Journal of Exergy 28, no. 2 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2019.10019374.

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24

Djaeni, Moh, S. B. Sasongko, and A. J. B. Van Boxtel. "Enhancement of Energy Efficiency and Food Product Quality Using Adsorption Dryer with Zeolite." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 2 (June 17, 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.2.81-86.

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Drying is a basic operation in wood, food, pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Currently, several drying methods are often not efficient in terms of energy consumption (energy efficiency of 20-60%) and have an impact on product quality degradation due to the introduction of operational temperature upper 80oC. This work discusses the development of adsorption drying with zeolite to improve the energy efficiency as well as product quality. In this process, air as drying medium is dehumidified by zeolite. As a result humidity of air can be reduced up to 0.1 ppm. So, for heat sensitive products, the drying process can be performed in low or medium temperature with high driving force. The study has been conducted in three steps: designing the dryer, performing laboratory scale equipment (tray, spray, and fluidised bed dryers with zeolite), and evaluating the dryer performance based on energy efficiency and product quality. Results showed that the energy efficiency of drying process is 15-20% higher than that of conventional dryer. In additon, the dryer can speed up drying time as well as retaining product quality.

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25

Senadeera, Wiji. "Density Variation of Different Shaped Food Particulates in Fluid Bed Drying: Empirical Models." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 14 (January 1, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol14iss0pp27-34.

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Three particular geometrical shapes, parallelepiped, cylindrical and spherical, were selected from potatoes (aspect ratio = 1:1, 2:1, 3:1), cut beans (length:diameter = 1:1, 2:1, 3:1) and peas respectively. The density variation of food particulates was studied in a batch fluidised bed dryer connected to a heat pump dehumidifier system. Apparent density and bulk density were evaluated with non-dimensional moisture at three different drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 oC. Relative humidity of hot air was kept at 15% in all drying temperatures. Several empirical relationships were developed for the determination of changes in densities with the moisture content. Simple mathematical models were obtained to relate apparent density and bulk density with moisture content.

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26

Wang, H. G., and W. Q. Yang. "Measurement of fluidised bed dryer by different frequency and different normalisation methods with electrical capacitance tomography." Powder Technology 199, no. 1 (April 2010): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.04.019.

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27

Qi, Bojian, Yong Yan, Wenbiao Zhang, and Xueyao Wang. "Measurement of biomass moisture content distribution in a fluidised bed dryer through electrostatic sensing and digital imaging." Powder Technology 388 (August 2021): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.096.

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28

Dong, Ai Xia, Shou Yu Zhang, Xi Guo, Hong Jun Zheng, Wen Xiang Deng, Jun Fu Lu, Da Zhong Shi, and Jian Xun Dong. "Numerical Research on the Drying Process of Single Lignite Particle by High Temperature Flue Gas." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.250.

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The technology of downstream vibrated bed dryer with high temperature flue gas has been applied successfully by CPI Mengdong Energy Group Co., LTD for the large scale upgrading of Baiyinhua lignite. It is very necessary to study the drying process of a single lignite particle by high temperature flue gas. Based on finite volume method, the numerical simulation was applied in the lignite drying process and the mathematical model for the drying process of a single spherical lignite particle with high temperature flue gas was developed. Here, the lignite particle was divided into dry region and wet region by water evaporation interface. To accelerate convergence and make stable domain larger and truncation error smaller in the solution process, Crank-Nicolson six-point difference iteration method was used to solve the model.

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Yahya, M., Hendriwan Fahmi, Ahmad Fudholi, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Performance and economic analyses on solar-assisted heat pump fluidised bed dryer integrated with biomass furnace for rice drying." Solar Energy 174 (November 2018): 1058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.10.002.

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30

Pydi Setty, Y., and G. Srinivas. "Prediction of solids outlet moisture content in a continuous wall heated fluidised bed dryer for uniform and binary solid mixtures." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2021.10034901.

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Srinivas, G., and Y. Pydi Setty. "Prediction of solids outlet moisture content in a continuous wall heated fluidised bed dryer for uniform and binary solid mixtures." World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 17, no. 2/3 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wrstsd.2021.114679.

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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Ivan Sevostianov, Gryhoriy Kaletnik, Ihor Babyn, Semjons Ivanovs, Ivan Holovach, and Yevhen Ihnatiev. "Theoretical Studies of the Vibration Process of the Dryer for Waste of Food." Rural Sustainability Research 44, no. 339 (December 1, 2020): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2020-0015.

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AbstractAn urgent problem is drying and processing of the wet dispersed waste, obtained in the production of food products, which can then be efficiently used as a fertiliser, for feeding livestock or as biofuel. A new design of a vibrating fluidised bed dryer has been developed, which, with low energy consumption, provides a pre-set productivity and the required final moisture content. The process of vertical oscillations of the body of a vibration dryer, together with the food waste contained in it, is analysed analytically, the necessary equivalent scheme is built, on the basis of which differential equations of the vertical oscillations of the body are compiled, their analytical solutions are obtained, and a numerical calculation is performed on a PC using the developed program. Rational parameters of the vibration dryer, providing vibroboiling of the mass of the food waste, have been determined: the body mass m = 250 ... 510 kg; the debalance mass md= 10… 15 kg; the number of revolutions of the debalance electric motor nd= 1950 ... 2650 rpm ∙ min∙1; maximum stiffness of the support springs Cp= 8∙105 N∙m–1; the diameter of the centre of mass of the debalances dd= 0.01 m. In addition, as a result of the thermophysical theoretical and experimental studies of the vibration drying process, the following optimal design and technological parameters of the vibration dryer were obtained: the heat transfer area St.p.n= 4.15 m2; the radius of the heating pipe rt= 0.1 m; the length of the heating pipe lt = 3 m; the number of heating pipes nt= 50; the heat transfer coefficient Kp= 2500; the final temperature of the dried waste to2= 100 ºС.

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33

Mininni, G., C. M. Braguglia, R. Ramadori, and M. C. Tomei. "An innovative sludge management system based on separation of primary and secondary sludge treatment." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 9 (November 1, 2004): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0557.

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An innovative sludge management system based on separation of treatment and disposal of primary and secondary sludge is discussed with reference to a sewage treatment plant of 500,000 equivalent person capacity. Secondary sludge, if treated separately from primary sludge, can be recovered in agriculture considering its relatively high content of nitrogen and phosphorus and negligible presence of pathogens and micropollutants. One typical outlet for primary sludge is still incineration which can be optimised by rendering the process auto thermal and significantly reducing the size of the incineration plant units (dryer, fluidised bed furnace, boiler and units for exhaust gas treatment) in comparison with those required for mixed sludge incineration. Biogas produced in anaerobic digestion is totally available for energy conversion when sludge treatment separation is performed, while in the other case a large proportion may be used as fuel in incineration, thus reducing the net electric energy conversion from 0.85-0.9 to 0.35-0.4 MW for the plant considered.

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Demers, Anne-Marie, Ryan Gosselin, Jean-Sébastien Simard, and Nicolas Abatzoglou. "In-line near infrared spectroscopy monitoring of pharmaceutical powder moisture in a fluidised bed dryer: An efficient methodology for chemometric model development." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 90, no. 2 (December 14, 2011): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20691.

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Taheri, Saeedeh, Graham Brodie, and Dorin Gupta. "Optimised ANN and SVR models for online prediction of moisture content and temperature of lentil seeds in a microwave fluidised bed dryer." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 182 (March 2021): 106003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2021.106003.

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Barla, Venkata Sureshkumar, Rajendra Kumar, Venkateshwar Rao Nalluri, Rahul R. Gandhi, and Krishna Venkatesh. "A Practical Evaluation of Qualitative and Quantitative Chemometric Models for Real-Time Monitoring of Moisture Content in a Fluidised Bed Dryer Using near Infrared Technology." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 22, no. 3 (January 2014): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1095.

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37

Wongsiriwan, S., Thongchai Rohitatisha Srinophakun, and Pakon Laopreecha. "Simulation of Three-dimensional Vibrated Fluidized Bed Dryer Using Distinct Element Method." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (April 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.24203/ajas.v7i2.5754.

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The particle motion, temperature behavior, and drying rate of particle inside a vibrated fluidized bed dryer were numerically investigated in this work. In the simulation, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) based on the Newtonâ€™s second law of motion was used to solve the particle motion. The physical aspects of fluid motion and heat transfer were obtained by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. For the drying of particle, only the constant rate period was considered in order to save the computational time. Programming was developed in Standard-C language and using MATLAB to visualize the results. In the simulation, 2,000 particles with stiffness 800Â N m-1 were simulated in a rectangular bed. The developed model was validated with an experimental result of Gupta et al. [1]. The program was then used to study the effect of superficial gas velocity (U0), frequency of vibration (f) and amplitude of vibration (a) in fluidized bed dryer. At low velocities and no vibration of bed,Â articles in the bed were not fluidized but smoothly circulated. Thus, the heat transfer occurred only near the orifice. When superficial gas velocity increased, the fluidization of the particles was observed. The fluidization and drying rate improved with increased in superficial velocity for both vibrated fluidized bed and stationary bed. With introducing of vibration, the fluidization behavior of the particle was improved. The particles in the bed were well mixed and also increased the drying rate. From the simulation results, increasing of frequency and amplitude could not significantly improve rate of drying.

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Hafemann, Hartmut, and Henning Griebel. "Applications for drying and cooling sugar in respect of specific needs and ambient conditions." Sugar Industry, 2012, 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36961/si13334.

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BMA develops and builds equipment for drying and cooling sugar since quite a number of decades. The following products came out of this long period like the drum dryer/cooler and horizontal fluidised bed cooler. The latest application is BMA’s vertical fluidised bed cooler, type VFC, which has been installed and successfully been taken into operation e.g. at Imperial Sugar, Savannah USA. This paper focuses on the importance of taking into account the individual requirements and specific ambient conditions to adequately choose the drying and cooling equipment.

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Rahman, Shek Atiqure, and Arun Mujumdar. "Combined Radiant and Conductive Vacuum Drying in a Vibrated Bed." International Journal of Food Engineering 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1314.

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Wet particles are often difficult to dry due to their stickiness and tendency to form lumps. Mechanical vibration can assist in separating such particles as well as in mixing beds of dissimilar particles if necessary. Delumping also exposes surfaces for evaporation. The objective of this experimental project is to design, build and test a laboratory size vibrated drum dryer under vacuum. The basic concept is to design a variable frequency, variable amplitude vibratory unit on which a horizontal drum is seated. An experimental approach was employed to permit simultaneous or individual mode of conduction and radiation heat input. Cube shaped potatoes and apples were used as model samples for experimental tests. Experiments were also performed using spherical shaped silica gel. Five different drying conditions were compared experimentally. These are: case-1, effect of vacuum; case-2, vacuum with vertical sinusoidal vibration (Amplitude: 0-5mm, frequency: 10-50 Hz); case-3, vacuum with vibration and conduction heat input (40C); case-4, vacuum with vibration and radiation heat input (1875 W/m2); case-5, vacuum using vibrating bed dryer with simultaneous conduction and radiation heat input. An energy savings strategy for drying is proposed based on the study. Results indicated that the proposed system is a variable option to reduce the process time under vacuum compared to other drying methods.

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E, Mufeed V. "Fluidisation Enhancement Of Swirling Fluidised Bed Dryer With Distributor And Plenumchamber Modification." International Journal of scientific research and management, June 22, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v4i6.15.

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Caspers, Gerald, Klaus Nammert, Holger Fersterra, and Hartmut Hafemann. "Environmental technology: Fluidised-bed steam dryers — latest developments and practical experience." Sugar Industry, 2016, 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36961/si17160.

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Fluidised-bed steam dryers have been in use for industrial-scale drying of pressed beet pulp for more than 20 years. This highly energy-efficient process can be considered to be state of the art in the industry. Scientific laboratory and pilot-plant testing have provided the basis for a detailed description of the principles of fluidisation and drying in superheated water vapour. Advances in production data acquisition, in particular regarding the options for the real-time presentation and evaluation of high-resolution operating data (Industry 4.0), have opened up new potentials for optimisation of the drying process in fluidised-bed steam dryers. By analysing and interpreting sequences of events, or simultaneous events, it is now possible to analyse process behaviour in great depth. This allows malfunctions to be avoided by improved design or, assisted by suitable measuring and control systems, to be detected at an early stage. Failures can then be prevented altogether by initiating automated countermeasures. On the basis of more recent insights gained from the analysis of faults and disruptions using modern operating data acquisition, BMA’s fluidised-bed steam dryer (WVT) has been subjected to fundamental technological and technical improvements, so it now meets today’s demands for efficiency and reliability. Modifications include the product inlet, the distribution plate and several other parts, in addition to the known and patented PPS (Plug Protection System; EP 2457649 B1), and the patented rotary weir (EP 2146167 B1).

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Jittanit, Weerachet, George Srzednick, and Robert Driscoll. "Energy cost of seed drying." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 26, no. 1 (November 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.177.

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In this work, the energy costs of drying corn, rice and wheat seeds between 3 drying options were compared. They consisted of 1) two-stage drying by using fluidised beddrye (FBD) in the 1ststage and in-store dryer (ISD) in the 2ndstage, 2) single-stage drying by fixed bed dryer (FXD) and 3) two-stage drying by using FXD in the 1ststage and ISD in the 2ndstage. The drying conditions selected for comparison were proved to be safe for seed viability by the previous studies. The results showed that the drying options 2 and 3 consumed less energy than option 1. However, the benefits from lower energy cost must be weighed against some advantages of using FBD. Furthermore,it appeared that running the burners of FXD and ISD for warming up the ambient air during humid weather condition could shorten drying time significantly with a little higher energy cost.

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Senadeera, Wijitha. "The Drying Constant and its Effect on the Shrinkage Constant of Different-Shaped Food Particulates." International Journal of Food Engineering 4, no. 8 (December 16, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1219.

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Experiments were undertaken to study the relationship between the drying constant and the shrinkage constant of food products during drying. Three particular geometrical shapes of parallelepiped, cylindrical and spheres were selected from potatoes (aspect ratio = 1:1, 2:1, 3:1), cut beans (length: diameter = 1:1, 2:1, 3:1) and peas, respectively. The volumetric shrinkage behaviour and drying behaviour of food particulates were studied in a batch fluidised bed dryer connected to a heat pump dehumidifier system at three different drying temperatures of 30, 40 and 50 °C. Shrinkage constant was evaluated with non-dimensional moisture and compared with the drying constant for all materials at these three temperatures to understand the effects of the drying constant on the shrinkage constant for each material under investigated drying conditions. Simple mathematical models were obtained for the relationship between the volumetric shrinkage constant and the drying constant.

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Peregrina, C., J. M. Audic, and P. Dauthuille. "Gasification as an optimum alternative for the sludge management." Water Practice and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2011.0080.

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Assimilate sludge to a fuel is not new. Sludge incineration and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) engines powered with sludge-derived anaerobic digestion gas (ADG) are operations widely used. However, they have a room of improvement to reach simultaneously a positive net power generation and a significant level of waste reduction and stabilization. Gasification has been used in other realms for the conversion of any negative-value carbon-based materials, that would otherwise be disposed as waste, to a gaseous product with a usable heating value for power generation . In fact, the produced gas, the so-called synthetic gas (or syngas), could be suitable for combined heat and power motors. Within this framework gasification could be seen as an optimum alternative for the sludge management that would allow the highest waste reduction yield (similar to incineration) with a high power generation. Although gasification remains a promising route for sewage sludge valorisation, campaigns of measurements show that is not a simple operation and there are still several technical issues to resolve before that gasification was considered to be fully applied in the sludge management. Fluidised bed was chosen by certain technology developers because it is an easy and well known process for solid combustion, and very suitable for non-conventional fuels. However, our tests showed a poor reliable process for gasification of sludge giving a low quality gas production with a significant amount of tars to be treated. The cleaning system that was proposed shows a very limited removal performance and difficulties to be operated. Within the sizes of more common WWTP, an alternative solution to the fluidised bed reactor would be the downdraft bed gasifier that was also audited. Most relevant data of this audit suggest that the technology is more adapted to the idea of sludge gasification presented in the beginning of this paper where a maximum waste reduction is achieved with a great electricity generation thanks to the use of a “good” quality syngas in a CHP engine. Audit show also that there is still some work to do in order to push sludge gasification to a more industrial stage. Regardless what solution would be preferred, the resulting gasification system would involve a more complex scenario compared to Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration, characterised by a thermal dryer and gasifier with a complete gas cleaning system. At the end, economics, reliability and mass and energy yields should be carefully analysed in order to set the place that gasification would play in the forthcoming processing of sewage sludge.

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