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1

Stoilova, Irena, Penka Kostadinova, Vanya Birdanova, and Mariela Kamburova. "HAND-ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO PROLONGED VIBRATION." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 30, no. 3 (2024): 5720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2024303.5720.

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Industrial vibrations are the cause of hand-arm vibration syndrome, characterized by a polymorphic clinical picture. The aim of the study is to improve the diagnostics, treatment and prevention of hand-arm vibration syndrome in workers. Material and methods: The object of the study are 65 cases of hand-arm vibration syndrome in workers of enterprises in Northern Bulgaria. The persons were hospitalized in the Department of Occupational Diseases, University Hospital - Pleven in the period 2019 - 2023. The group was related with a length of service of more than 5 years. Clinical, laboratory, functional, imaging and statistical methods were applied. Results and discussion: The impairments of the examined persons are expressed in four clinical syndromes: neurological, vascular, bone-joint-muscular and auditory-vestibular. Socially significant diseases were found in 91% of the examined persons. Conclusions: Hand-arm vibration syndrome is a current health problem for workers in various branches of production in Bulgaria. Damage to persons exposed to long-term (more than 5 years) vibration exposure is manifested by a variety of clinical symptoms, summarized in four main syndromes - neurological, vascular, bone-joint-muscular and auditory-vestibular. Individuals in the first to second and second stages of vibration disease predominate among the studied contingent of workers. Prolonged vibration exposure predisposes to socially significant diseases such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, etc.
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Alphin, M. S., J. Paul Chandra Kumar, and B. Jain A. R. Tony. "Biomechanical Response of the Human Foot Model Exposed to Vibrations: A Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 11, no. 11 (2021): 2097–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2021.2748.

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Prolonged exposure to mechanical vibration has been associated with many musculoskeletal, vascular and sensorineural disorders of the foot from simple Plantar fasciitis and Achilles Tendonitis to complex ones as Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) and Vibration white feet/toes. Foot-transmitted vibrations (FTV) are exposed to the occupants using vibrating equipment’s or standing on vibrating platforms. Prolonged exposure to foot-transmitted vibrations (FTV) can lead to syndromes like vibration white feet/toes may result in tingling sensation, blanching of the toes and even numbness in the feet and toes. A multi-layered two dimensional, plane strain finite element model is developed from the actual cross-section of the human foot to study the stresses and strains developed in the skin and soft tissues. The foot is assumed to be in contact with a steel plate, mimicking the interaction between the foot and the work platform. The skin and the subcutaneous tissue are considered as hyperelastic and viscoelastic. The effects of loading in the form of displacements and the frequency of sinusoidal vibration on a time-dependent stress/strain distribution at various depths in the subcutaneous tissue of the foot are investigated. The simulations indicate that lower frequency vibrations penetrate deep into the subcutaneous tissue while higher frequencies are concentrated in the outer skin layer. The present biomechanical model may serve as a valuable tool to study the response of foot of those who work on a vibrating platform.
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Rana, Bharti, and Kushal Raj. "Assess the Knowledge Regarding Phantom Vibration Disorder among Students in Senior Secondary Schools in Rajhoon, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh." International Journal of Research in Medical Surgical Nursing 4, no. 2 (2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/ijrmsn.2023.v04i02.001.

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The phantom vibration disorder takes place when one falsely thinks that his phone is ringing or another technological device is vibrating from a text message which is not. As society has become increasingly dependent on mobile devices, for mobile user phantom vibrate have become a phenomenon of worry. Aim: Our research study was to assess the knowledge regarding phantom vibration syndrome among students of senior secondary school, Rajhoon, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. To find out the association between knowledge regarding phantom vibration syndrome among school students and with selected socio-demographic variables. A descriptive research design was selected for the study and a quantitative research approach was used in the present study. The main study was conducted at a senior secondary school, Rahjoon, district Kangra (H.P). 50 students were selected through a convenient sampling technique and a self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge regarding phantom vibration syndrome. The study showed that a maximum of students (64%) had moderate knowledge of phantom vibration syndrome, a minimum of 36% had inadequate knowledge whereas 0% had adequate knowledge. There was a significant association between knowledge phantom vibration syndromes with their selected socio-demographic variables except for age.
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Riaz, Usman, Shafqat Perveen, Muniba Afzal, Idrees Ahmed ,. Zahoor, Iqra ., and Romasa Sarwar. "The Frequency of Phantom Vibration Syndrome in Medical Staff: A Cross Sectional Survey." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 6 (2022): 979–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22166979.

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Introduction: Phantom vibration syndrome, also known as hypovibochondria or ring-xiety, may occur among individuals carrying digital devices. Phantom vibration syndrome is the mistaken belief that a device is vibrating when it is not. The current study investigates this phenomenon among medical staff who often interact with digital devices throughout duty hours. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Phantom vibration syndrome in medical staff. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of medical staff was conducted. A convenience sample of 150 physicians, surgeons, allied health professionals, and medical assistants was used. Online survey invitations were sent by email, WhatsApp, and other channels. The data was analysed by SPSS 25.0. The Fisher exact test was used to compare phantom vibrations to categorical data. Results: The results showed that out of 190 medical staff, there were 133 (72.7%) having phantom vibration syndrome. It was significantly associated (p=0.000) with younger age groups from 21-40 year, was seen more in surgeon, physicians and then nurses (p=0.029), associated more with carrying cell phone (p=0.003), more in carrying device in breast and back pocket (p=0.001), more in keeping device on vibration always or most of time (p=0.008) and more in using device from 11-15 or more hours (p=0.001). It was equally distributed in both male females (p=0.176) Conclusion: The study concluded that phantom vibration syndrome was highly prevalent in medical staff. The findings were associated with the length of time the product was used and were more prevalent among surgeons, medical physicians, and nurses in a decreasing order. most respondents regarded the feelings as bothersome and worth stopping and even changing the device. Keywords: Phantom Vibration Syndrome, Medical Staff, Health Practitioner, Digital Devices
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5

Popiołek, Adam, Marta Billewicz, Laura Lis, et al. "Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome [HAVS]: What Do We Know So Far? – Journal Review." Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 26, no. 4 (2024): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.7351.

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Background. Since over century it has been known that hand to arm transmitted vibrations (HAV) can affect health and quality of life. Exposure over certain level and intensity over time are risk causes of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). Symptoms varies from the damaged structures which most commonly are secondary Raynaud Phenomenon known as Vibration Induced White Finger (VWF), carpal tunnel syndrome, tingling, loss of manual dexterity, osteoarthritis or even Dupuytren’s contracture. The usage of pneumatic vibrating tools among physical workers and specialists like dentists, without any doubt has grown significantly since the start of previous technological era. Unfortunately, development of medicine is not sufficient to reverse harmful effects of vibrations on human body but is able to diagnose and treat symptoms faster and with better efficiency than it used to in the past. Brief update and awareness booster of occupational disease which is silently present in our society, giving more insight and knowledge about current possibilities of treatment and diagnosis for medical personnel and everyone interested.Material and methods: The article presents actual state of knowledge and scientific discoveries collected and researched via databases of platforms: Journal of Education Health and Sport, PubMed, Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine, Elsevier. Used keywords in research: Vibration induced White Finger, HAVS, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome.Conclusion: While full protection from occupational vibrations is not possible, we should advance in spreading knowledge of occupational hazards, updating and regulating work standards policies, as continue research in new aimed therapies and effects of vibrations on human body.
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Yu, Hsin-Su, Tsing-Hua Yao, Ho-Ming Tseng, Shien-Tsong Ho, and Chung-Ho Chien. "Vibration Syndrome." Journal of Dermatology 15, no. 6 (1988): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.1988.tb01193.x.

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7

Cohen, Steven R. "Vibration Syndrome." Archives of Dermatology 121, no. 12 (1985): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1985.01660120070022.

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8

Copec, Kresimir, Igor Dukic, Dubravko Filipovic, and Igor Kovacev. "Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Single-Axle Tractors with Gasoline and Diesel Engine." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 29, no. 3 (2023): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.15464.

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Highlights Operators of single-axle tractors are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations. A single-axle tractor with a gasoline engine produces lower vibrations than a tractor with a diesel engine. The daily working time with the single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators. If daily vibration exposure is not limited, hand-arm vibration syndrome may occur in a relatively short time. Abstract. Single-axle tractors are often the only source of mechanical power for agricultural activities on small farms, but operators are exposed to high levels of hand-arm vibrations transmitted from the handles. These vibrations can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), which includes vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this paper was to evaluate and compare the vibrations transmitted to the operator’s hands from the handles of two single-axle tractors (with gasoline and diesel engines). The vibration levels were measured at engine idling mode and at full load during soil tillage. The frequency-weighted acceleration values during soil tillage were 11.76, 2.90, and 6.16 m s-2 for the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine, while the values for the single-axle tractor with diesel engine were 22.47, 6.83, and 7.95 m s-2 in the X-, Y-, and Z-axes, respectively. As expected, significantly lower acceleration values were measured for both tractors at engine idling mode. The daily vibration exposure of the operator of the single-axle tractor with gasoline engine was 9.02 m s-2, and at such exposure, hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after 3.09 years. For the single-axle tractor with a diesel engine, the daily exposure was 16.86 m s-2, and hand-arm vibration syndrome will occur in 10% of the operators after only 1.59 years. The daily working time with a single-axle tractor should be limited to protect the operators, and work schedules should be arranged to include vibration-free periods. Keywords: Ergonomics, Exposure limits, Hand-arm vibrations, IC engine, Single-axle tractor.
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9

Rajabpour, Leila, Hazlina Selamat, Alireza Barzegar, and Mohamad Fadzli Haniff. "Design of a robust active fuzzy parallel distributed compensation anti-vibration controller for a hand-glove system." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (October 29, 2021): e756. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.756.

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Undesirable vibrations resulting from the use of vibrating hand-held tools decrease the tool performance and user productivity. In addition, prolonged exposure to the vibration can cause ergonomic injuries known as the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HVAS). Therefore, it is very important to design a vibration suppression mechanism that can isolate or suppress the vibration transmission to the users’ hands to protect them from HAVS. While viscoelastic materials in anti-vibration gloves are used as the passive control approach, an active vibration control has shown to be more effective but requires the use of sensors, actuators and controllers. In this paper, the design of a controller for an anti-vibration glove is presented. The aim is to keep the level of vibrations transferred from the tool to the hands within a healthy zone. The paper also describes the formulation of the hand-glove system’s mathematical model and the design of a fuzzy parallel distributed compensation (PDC) controller that can cater for different hand masses. The performances of the proposed controller are evaluated through simulations and the results are benchmarked with two other active vibration control techniques-proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and active force controller (AFC). The simulation results show a superior performance of the proposed controller over the benchmark controllers. The designed PDC controller is able to suppress the vibration transferred to the user’s hand 93% and 85% better than the PID controller and the AFC, respectively.
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10

Radu, Panaitescu Liess. "Biomechanical Modeling of Human Finger." Applied Mechanics and Materials 430 (September 2013): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.430.217.

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Many of the studies in the biomechanics of the human body made globally focused primarily on hand-arm. This segment of the human body is considered a "gateway" of vibrations to other parts of the body or to internal organs. A long-term exposure to these mechanical vibration (caused by vibrating hand equipment: drill, grinder, etc.) affects the soft tissues and may lead to a dangerous syndrome, that is particularly vibration white finger (VWF), which is narrowing of blood vessels, a phenomenon that in time and untreated can even cause gangrene. This article focuses on a dynamic model with three degrees of freedom of the human finger. Some dynamic characteristics, such as centre of gravity, stiffness and damping, using both a rigid body structure system and computer simulations can be determined after measuring the vibrations.
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11

Palathoti, Suvarnaraju, Ms Moza Al-Qaidi, and Victor Olabode Otitolaiye. "Study on Effects of Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome on Construction Workers in Oman." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 14, no. 4 (2024): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v14i4.50328.

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Introduction: The prolonged exposure of construction industry workers to various vibrating equipment gives rise to hand-arm vibration syndrome (HVS). Due to its growing incidence among construction workers, researchers have sought to examine its presence, prevalence, and potential impacts in various locations across the world. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome on construction workers in selected construction sites in Oman. Methods: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design approach to achieve the study objective. A Google form questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was distributed to gather, analyze, and sample the responses of 40 construction workers. Results: The results revealed that the workers at the selected construction site are largely young, between the ages of 20-25 (38% of the responses), and able-bodied males (100%) who displayed full knowledge and awareness of the nature, symptoms, and effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome. The most common symptoms of hand-arm vibration syndrome were vibration of white fingers, painful numbness in hands and arms, and musculoskeletal pains, as reported by 72% of the workers, whereas pain and sleep disturbance, reduced or inability to do work safely in cold conditions were termed the most prominent effects of hand-arm vibration syndrome. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study findings support the potential for an effective elimination or reduction of hand-arm vibration syndrome in construction work environments by the implementation of good occupational safety and personal health procedures. The findings of the study also underline other preventive measures that could help tackle the challenges posed by hand-arm vibration syndrome, thus underpinning the study's objective
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12

FRIDÉN, J. "Vibration Damage to the Hand: Clinical Presentation, Prognosis and Length and Severity of Vibration Required." Journal of Hand Surgery 26, no. 5 (2001): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2001.0633.

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Exposure to vibrating hand-held tools can cause a variety of vascular and neuromuscular symptoms collectively named Hand–Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). The clinical presentation of this syndrome includes paraesthesiae or tingling in digits, pain or tenderness in the wrist and hand, digital blanching, cold intolerance, weakness of the finger flexors or intrinsic muscles and discolouration and trophic skin lesions of the fingers. HAVS can be reversible, at least in the earlier stages, but resolution of symptoms is unusual in more severe cases, and continued use of vibrating tools in such cases is unwise. The duration of exposure needed to produce HAVS cannot be readily defined. This is due not only to different individual susceptibilities to vibration, but also to the different physical characteristics of the vibration exposure. There is a cumulative effect of vibration on both the vascular and sensorineural components of HAVS and these components appear to occur and progress independently of each other.
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13

Pelmear, P. L., and M. Wills. "Impact Vibration and Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 39, no. 11 (1997): 1092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199711000-00009.

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14

Ekenvall, L., B. Y. Nilsson, and P. Gustavsson. "Temperature and vibration thresholds in vibration syndrome." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 12 (1986): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.12.825.

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15

Luo, Huiping, Austin Scholp, and Jack J. Jiang. "The Finite Element Simulation of the Upper Airway of Patients with Moderate and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome." BioMed Research International 2017 (October 24, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7058519.

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Objectives. To investigate the snoring modes of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome and to discover the main sources of snoring in soft tissue vibrations. Methods. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed with SolidEdge to simulate the human upper airway. The inherent modal simulation was conducted to obtain the frequencies and the corresponding shapes of the soft tissue vibrations. The respiration process was simulated with the fluid-solid interaction method through ANSYS. Results. The first 6 orders of modal vibration were 12 Hz, 18 Hz, 21 Hz, 22 Hz, 36 Hz, and 39 Hz. Frequencies of modes 1, 2, 4, and 5 were from tongue vibrations. Frequencies of modes 3 and 6 were from soft palate vibrations. Steady pressure distribution and air distribution lines in the upper airway were shown clearly in the fluid-solid interaction simulation results. Conclusions. We were able to observe the vibrations of soft tissue and the modeled airflow by applying the finite element methods. Future studies could focus on improving the soft tissues vibration compliances by adjusting the model parameters. Additionally, more attention should be paid to vibrational components below 20 Hz when performing an acoustic analysis of human snore sounds due to the presence of these frequencies in this model.
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Annisa Mulya Kartini, Baiq. "Phantom Vibration Syndrome Sebagai Dampak Dari Penggunaan Smartphone Yang Berlebihan Pada Remaja." Jurnal Syntax Fusion 2, no. 01 (2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/fusion.v2i01.130.

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Smartphone devices have become unbeatable in people's lives because they provide various facilities for finding information, communicating, as a media for learning and entertainment. Besides many benefits of smartphones, excessive use of smartphones has several negative impacts, one of them is phantom vibration syndrome. Phantom vibration syndrome is a common type of hallucination reported by smartphone users in the general population. This syndrome is caused by overuse of smartphones, which feel as if their smartphone is vibrating but is not. The highest population in smartphone use is the age group of 18 to 34 years old. The factors that cause PVS are work, place on the smartphone, age, frequency of using per day and frequency using in vibrate mode. Symptoms that can occur are anxiety and fear. Phantom vibration syndrome has a high prevalence, so early treatment is needed to prevent complications
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Heaver, C., K. S. Goonetilleke, H. Ferguson, and S. Shiralkar. "Hand–arm vibration syndrome: a common occupational hazard in industrialized countries." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 5 (2011): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193410396636.

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Regular exposure to hand-transmitted vibration can result in symptoms and signs of peripheral vascular, neurological and other disorders collectively known as the hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). A significant proportion of workers can suffer from HAVS after using vibrating power tools. HAVS is a chronic and progressive disorder. Early recognition and prevention is the key to managing vibrating tool exposures and health effects. This article gives a broad overview of the condition with a detailed account of its pathogenesis, identification and management.
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Hansbauer, Doris, Maria Begović, and Corina Grassmugg. "Prämierte Kongress-Poster (Folge 2): Persönliche Schutzausrüstung (PSA) zur Vermeidung vibrationsbedingter Durchblutungsstörungen der Hände." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2025, no. 02 (2025): 86–89. https://doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-417825.

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Award-winning congress posters (Part 2): Personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent vibration-related circulatory disorders of the hands Vibrations, also known as shocks, are a hazard in many industrial work areas. Machines and tools such as drills, saws or grinders generate vibrations that are transmitted to the body through direct contact with the hands. These vibrations can have serious health consequences, especially if they are constant over long periods of time. One of the best-known consequences of these vibration effects is the so-called white finger disease, also known as secondary Raynaud’s syndrome.
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Virokannas, Hannu, Hannu Anttonen, Simo Näyhä, Sirkka Pramila, and Juhani Hassi. "Vibration Syndome in Snowmobile Drivers." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 11, no. 3 (1992): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239201100301.

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Hand-arm vibration was measured on the handlebars of snowmobiles (N=23) and a postal inquiry was made among N=2705 reindeer herders (snowmobile drivers) in a study of vibration syndrome. Since many subjects had also used other vibrating tools the snowmobile group proper (N=334) was established and in this group 18% of the subjects reported having experienced white finger attacks and 48% numbness of the hands. The age-adjusted prevalence of white finger was more than three times higher in this snowmobile group proper than in the controls, and the association was not confounded by age or smoking. The finding was similar but weaker for numbness of the hands. The frequency-weighted acceleration of snowmobile vibration was 3.5 m/s2, and risk evaluation using the annex A of ISO 5349 standard predicted well the prevalence of white finger in the snowmobile group proper (17%). In conclusion, the present results indicate vibration syndrome as being also related to snowmobile vibration in reindeer herders.
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20

Nieradko-Iwanicka, Barbara. "Hand-arm vibration syndrome." Reumatologia/Rheumatology 57, no. 6 (2019): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/reum.2019.90364.

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21

Bilgi, Chandra, and Peter L. Pelmear. "Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 35, no. 9 (1993): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199309000-00018.

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22

Weir, E. "Hand-arm vibration syndrome." Canadian Medical Association Journal 172, no. 8 (2005): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.045314.

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23

Pelmear, P. L. "Hand-arm vibration syndrome." Occupational Medicine 54, no. 2 (2004): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqh024.

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Sivakumar, Viveka, Shalini Lakshmanan, Leena Chand, Anusha Rajajagadeesan, and Vadivel Mani. "Phantom vibration and ringing syndromes among Indian medical students." Bioinformation 20, no. 8 (2024): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300200842.

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Mobile phones are now crucial to our everyday routines, transforming how we interact, granting immediate access to information, fostering social bonds, facilitating shopping, advancing healthcare, enriching education, increasing productivity, and broadening entertainment choices. However, excessive phone usage can result in a higher prevalence of physical or psychological disorders. Phantom sensations, such as Phantom Vibration Syndrome (PVS) and Phantom Ringing Syndrome (PRS), describe the experience of feeling vibrations or hearing ringing from a phone when it is not actually vibrating or ringing. The objectives of the present study are a) to develop a self-administered smartphone addiction scale (SAS) among medical students at a tertiary care facility and b) to find out the aggravating factors for PVS and PRS among medical students in a tertiary care hospital. Our study was a cross-sectional observational survey conducted among 473 medical undergraduate students, using stratified random sampling to select the participants. The self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), which is validated and efficient for evaluating smartphone addiction. Among the participants, 46% were males and 54% were females. Our study reported that 60% of the students experienced phantom vibration/ringing syndrome, 53% had poor sleep patterns due to excessive use of mobile phones, 58% felt their lives would be empty without phones, 57% thought about mobile phones even when they were not in their hands, and 56% felt the urge to use their smartphones again right after they stopped using them. About 58% of the students preferred talking with smartphone buddies to hanging out with real-life friends or other family members, reflecting poor socialization among young adults. We recommend a qualitative analysis of behavioural and psychological components to explore the root cause of this issue. Literature on the causes of phantom sensations/vibrations has been limited, with existing theories lacking a comprehensive perspective.
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Pelmear, P. L., R. Kusiak, and D. Leong. "Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome Associated with Impact Vibration." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 14, no. 2 (1995): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239501400202.

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The data from 141 hand-arm vibration exposed workers examined for hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) was analyzed in a Cox regression model to determine whether smoking, alcohol, the use of gloves, duration of weighted vibration exposure, and vibration impulsiveness affected the rate of onset of Raynaud's phenomenon. The results show that workers with HAVS were more likely to be smokers. No association with alcohol was detected, but none of the men were heavy drinkers. While weighted acceleration levels affected the latent interval for finger blanching, the strongest association was with impulsiveness from high-level impact pneumatic tools (identified by a 20 dB or more difference between the weighted Leq component and the corresponding weighted peak acceleration in the dominant direction). This association had only been recognised previously in pedestal grinders, so its recognition in multiple hand tools has important implications for prevention methodology development and standard setting. The use of gloves was found to reduce the risk from high-level impact pneumatic tools.
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Babanov, S. "Quality of life and psychological adjustments in the case of hand-arm vibration syndrome affected by local vibration." Terapevt (General Physician), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2007-01.

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The data on the influence of a hand-arm vibration syndrome affected by local vibration on the quality of life and coping strategies of the examined patients are shown in this article. The basic changes in the parameters of patients’ quality of life with the hand-arm vibration syndrome examined by the results of the SF-36 questionnaire and coping strategies of patients with the hand-arm vibration syndrome according to the data of the Lazarus coping test of varying degrees of severity of a hand-arm vibration syndrome are described.
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Brantberg, Krister, Luca Verrecchia, and Magnus Westin. "Enhanced Auditory Sensitivity to Body Vibrations in Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome." Audiology and Neurotology 21, no. 6 (2016): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450936.

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A key feature of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome is supranormal hearing of body sounds. The aim of the present study was to quantify this phenomenon and to ascertain whether auditory sensitivity to body vibrations can distinguish SCD patients. Hearing thresholds in response to vibration at the vertex, at the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, and at the medial malleolus were tested in 10 SCD patients and 10 controls. Both patients and controls had insert earphones in both ears. The insert in the test ear was blocked while masking was presented to the other ear. Vibration in the frequency range of 125-1,000 Hz was presented to each of the 3 stimulation sites. The SCD patients were found to have significantly lower hearing thresholds compared with controls. The two study groups reacted differently with respect to frequency. The SCD patients showed an enhanced sensitivity for the lower stimulus frequencies. The difference was, however, rather independent of stimulus presentation site. The findings suggest that hearing thresholds in response to low-frequency body vibration at sites distant from the ears can distinguish SCD patients. The present findings may also support the idea that auditory sensation to body vibrations is a response related to soft tissue conduction.
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Zhan, Yingzhao. "Performance evaluation of vibration-damping bucking bar in human-robot collaboration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2879, no. 1 (2024): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2879/1/012055.

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Abstract The riveting process in aircraft manufacturing generates large vibrations, and if it is exposed to vibration for a long period of time, riveting workers may suffer from Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome causing irreversible damage to the robot. In this study, firstly, the vibration mechanical model of human-robot collaboration was established, and then the vibration characteristics of human-robot collaboration under squeezing force were deduced. Finally, an experiment was performed to evaluate the vibration damping performance of vibration-damping bucking bars by evaluating the mean peak squeezing force with different rivet guns and input pneumatic pressure. Compared with the conventional stainless steel bucking bar, the PU-cylinder bucking bar has a lower mean peak squeezing force. The results show that the utilization of the PU-cylinder bucking bar in human-robot collaborative riveting operations can considerably reduce the vibration transmitted from the rivet gun to the robot and the operator.
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Katz, Richard T. "The Challenge of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)." Guides Newsletter 12, no. 1 (2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2007.janfeb01.

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Abstract Hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) has been defined as a constellation of vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal signs and symptoms in workers who use hand-held vibrating tools (eg, drills, grinders, saws, or jackhammers); pathological features affect primarily vascular, neurological, and muscle tissues. Researchers have hypothesized changes in central nervous system processing, but no significant somatotopic cortical changes have been found using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Differential diagnosis of HAVS includes a variety of anatomical, circulatory, and vasospastic disorders and was standardized in the Stockholm Workshop classification scale (1987). Available laboratory tests generally are incapable of grading the severity of individual cases, and no protocol reliably distinguishes between psychogenic and organic abnormalities. Some proposed tests are impractical, and multimodality testing is confounded by statistical fallacies. Vascular tests, including the cold provocation tests, correlate poorly with disease staging according to the Stockholm Scale, and plethysmography before and after cold provocation, were found to be unsatisfactory. Job tasks that involve vibrating machines are associated with musculoskeletal symptoms but sorting out the roles and latency periods of vibration, repetitive movements, grip and push factors, and worker postures is imprecise. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, does not provide directions about rating impairment associated with HAVS, but evaluators can use Chapter 16 The Upper Extremities, basing the rating on motion, neurological, and/or vascular deficits.
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Masnavieva, Liudmila B., Galina M. Bodienkova, and Elena V. Boklazhenko. "Evaluation of cytokines, antibodies to neurotransmitter receptors, and their interrelations in individuals with hand-arm vibration syndrome." Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology) 31, no. 7 (2024): 512–20. https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco643122.

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BACKGROUND: One of the primary objectives of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation is to preserve the health of the working population, as economic losses associated with the treatment and social support of individuals with occupational diseases is over 200 billion rubles. Hand-arm vibration syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss continue to prevail among the occupational pathologies. Patients with these conditions have been found to exhibit disturbances in the neuroimmune-endocrine system. AIM: To compare, identify interrelations, and analyze the levels of cytokines and autoantibodies to neurotransmitter receptors in individuals with hand-arm vibration syndrome, depending on the presence/absence of sensorineural hearing loss and the type of vibration exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and autoantibodies to acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin receptors were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome of various etiologies, either caused by localized vibration exposure or by combined localized and whole-body vibration exposure, with or without concurrent sensorineural hearing loss. RESULTS: When accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss, individuals with vibration disease of any etiology exhibited higher IL-1β and IL-6 levels compared with those with hand-arm vibration syndrome due to localized vibration exposure without sensorineural hearing loss. For each subgroup, except for individuals with hand-arm vibration syndrome caused by combined localized and whole-body vibration exposure without sensorineural hearing loss, regression equations demonstrated the contribution of cytokines to the variation in antibody levels against neurotransmitter receptors. CONCLUSION: The findings confirm a higher risk of neuroimmune inflammation in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome caused by combined whole-body and localized vibration exposure compared to those with vibration disease resulting from localized vibration alone. The presence of concurrent sensorineural hearing loss exacerbates pathological processes due to imbalances in cytokine profiles and neurotransmitter metabolism. Distinctive interrelations between autoantibodies to neurotransmitter receptors and cytokines were identified in individuals with vibration disease of various etiologies and concurrent sensorineural hearing loss.
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Boström, Lennart, Carl-Johan Göthe, Sture Hansson, Håkan Lugnegård, and BengtY Nilsson. "Vibration-induced carpal-tunnel syndrome." Lancet 337, no. 8743 (1991): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90341-l.

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32

Sylvia Daniella and Sheila McKee. "Phantom Vibration Syndrome: A Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 8, no. 2 (2024): RV6—RV7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0802.05635.

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Phantom Vibration Syndrome (PVS), also known as phantom ringing, is a fascinating yet perplexing psychological phenomenon associated with the ubiquitous use of mobile technology. This review explores the prevalence, potential mechanisms, psychological implications, and management strategies related to PVS. Drawing upon a range of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of PVS and its implications for individuals in the digital age.
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Gorbunova, А. М., O. N. Gerasimenko, I. S. Shpagin, et al. "NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC MARKERS OF COMORBID PHENOTYPE OF HAND-ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME IN COMBINATION WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION." Sibirskij medicinskij vestnik 7, no. 4 (2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31549/2541-8289-2023-7-4-58-64.

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Introduction. The etiology and pathophysiological links of hand-arm vibration syndrome have been sufficiently studied today, but the issue of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of patients with a comorbid phenotype remains relevant. Aim. Study of nutritional and metabolic status in patients with the comorbid phenotype of hand-arm vibration syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. An analysis of nutritional and metabolic parameters was carried out on the basis of the Regional Center for Occupational Pathology in Novosibirsk in 431 people working at the aircraft plant named after V.P. Chkalov, Novosibirsk. Of these: 104 patients diagnosed hand-arm vibration syndrome of the stage I, 101 patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension, 107 patients with stage I-II arterial hypertension and 119 people working at the same enterprise without contact with vibration. Results. The analysis revealed a worse nutritional-metabolic situation in the group of a comorbid variant of hand-arm vibration syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension, and also showed the relations between indicators of nutritional status and actual nutrition indicators. Conclusion. As a result of studying nutritional-metabolic status of the multifactorial model of hand-arm vibration syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension, the most informative integral data are presented that determine the disorders in the studied phenotype. The acquired knowledge can be aimed at optimizing early diagnosis and prevention, as well as predicting nutritional and metabolic disorders in hand-arm vibration syndrome in combination with arterial hypertension.
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Pelmear, Peter L. "Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome." Archives of Neurology 51, no. 4 (1994): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1994.00540160118015.

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35

Tan, W. H., E. A. Lim, and K. S. Ong. "Analysis of Vibration Level for a Power Tool Using Neural Network." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (2019): 7121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.20.0532.

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Power tool produced vibration when human use it for the activities of construction, repairing or finishing. Long-term mechanical vibration exposure of power tools causes worker's fingers to feel prickle and numbness, which lead to the phenomenon of hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Thus, the vibration of power tool was studied and analysed in this study. First, the results of vibration level of pistol-grip corded drill were collected by using vibrometer, respectively to x, y and z-axis direction. Furthermore, to study the effect of mass on the vibration level, the vibrations results have been collected when mass attached to power tool are 1 kg and 2 kg respectively. To predict the vibration amplitudes, neural network was used to build the model from the collected experimental data and generated the required prediction results. MATLAB software has been used to analyse measurement results and predict new vibration results. Simulated vibration results have lower acceleration compared with measured vibration results, especially at the peak of vibration amplitude. The neural network model was developed in this study can be considered as reliable and applied in the design of mechanical and electrical component of power tool to reduce the vibration generated during its operating.
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Alamin Gabasa, S. A., Khairil Anas Md Razali, Azizan As’arry, and Nawal Aswan Abdul Jalil. "Vibration Transmitted to the Hand by Backpack Blowers." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2019): 6697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.2.2019.17.0504.

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Backpack machines such as grasscutter and blower produce a vibration that is transmitted to the operator’s body and hand. Prolonged exposure to vibration can cause injuries known as Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome. One of the machines used widely in the agriculture sector is the blower. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of vibration emitted by blowers according to the method in the International Standard ISO 5349. Vibrations emitted by two backpack machines, mist blower and leaf blower, were acquired on ten subjects who were working and using the tools daily. Vibrations were recorded at operational and idle modes using an accelerometer installed in an aluminium palm adapter that was placed between the hand and the surface of the handle. The study has found that the median weighted Wh vibration magnitudes emitted by blowers to the hand were between 1.71 and 2.91 m/s2 r.m.s. acceleration for operational and idle modes, respectively. The mist blower has an idle mode weighted Wh vibration magnitude greater than its operational mode, whilst the leaf blower has an operational mode weighted Wh vibration magnitude greater than in its idle mode. This study suggests that vibrations emitted to the hand from a leaf blower and a mist blower can be greater than the exposure action value set by the European Directive 2002 if used for more than 7 hours (mist blower) or 5 hours (leaf blower) per day. Companies that use both machines should set appropriate actions and regulations to reduce the exposure, especially to workers using the machines daily.
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Azmir, N. A., M. H. Ali, M. N. Yahya, et al. "Significant Correlation Study between Cause and Effect of Hand Arm Vibration Exposure among Grass Cutters." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006008.

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Prolonged exposures to hand-transmitted vibrations from grass-cutting machines have been associated with increasing occurrences of signs of occupational diseases related to the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). However, there are no specific studies available that cover the health cause-effects of the hand arm vibration risk factors during onsite operations. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to determine the significant correlation of the objective and subjective measurement variables of the hand arm vibration exposure on hand arm vibration symptoms and disorders. The study was conducted for evaluation of the cause and effect for categorical and continuous variables. Significant sub symptoms element consists of neurological, vascular, musculoskeletal and awareness. Meanwhile, significant sub disorder element consists of loss of hand grip strength and finger blanching that induces to HAVS. The highest correlation significant variable was worked repeatedly done with the forearms and hand with uncomfortable hand position or grip with the value of 0.431. Thus, the cause and effect able to monitor health condition particularly at workers hand due to hand-transmitted vibrations among grass cutters.
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Chetukova, D. Kh, and A. A. Savin. "The influence of hand-arm vibration syndrome on quality of life of industrial and agricultural workers." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 4 (2013): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1954.

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Aim. To investigate the health-related quality of life among the patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. Methods. The study included 198 patients aged 36-65 years. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire before and after recreation treatment. Patients were divided to 3 groups according to disease severity: hand-arm vibration syndrome stage 1 - 54 (27.3%) patients, stage 2 - 75 (37.9%) patients, stage 3 - 69 (34.8%) patients. Results. Marked decrease in all HRQoL parameters measured by SF-36 was observed at the baseline. After the recreation treatment there was a significant improvement in all HRQoL parameters in all groups (particularly on «vitality» and «emotional role functioning»). The most prominent improvement was observed in patients with early stages of hand-arm vibration syndrome. Conclusion. Patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome suffer from severe decrease of HRQoL. Recreation therapy improves the HRQoL, especially on early stages of hand-arm vibration syndrome.
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LUNDBORG, G., B. ROSÉN, L. KNUTSSON, S. HOLTÅS, F. STÅHLBERG, and E. M. LARSSON. "Hand–Arm-Vibration Syndrome (HAVS): Is There a Central Nervous Component? an fMRI Study." Journal of Hand Surgery 27, no. 6 (2002): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2002.0813.

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Hand-held vibrating tools may result in neuromuscular dysfunction and vasospastic problems of the hand. Sensory and motor dysfunction can be explained by injury to peripheral structures, but could also be due to changes in cortical somatotopic mapping of the hand in the brain. The purpose of the present study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the somatotopic cortical representation of the hands of workers subjected to occupational vibration. The study included six men with severe vibration exposures who were suffering from hand–arm-vibration syndrome (HAVS) and six controls. The analysis focused on the pattern and degree of activation of contra- and ipsilateral hemispheres of the brain with tactile stimulation and motor activation of the hand. These stimulations resulted in well-defined activation of the contralateral, and to a lesser extent the ipsilateral hemisphere. Statistical analysis of this limited patient material did not indicate any significant somatotopic cortical changes following long-term exposure to vibrating hand-held tools, although there was a tendency to a shift of activation towards the more cranial parts of the cortex in the patient group.
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40

Heshmati, K., E. Shahabpoor, A. Darby, I. Walker, and S. Ghanbari. "Effects of wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings on cognitive work performance, comfort, and wellbeing of the occupants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 25 (2024): 252032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252032.

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Abstract Tall buildings inherently have low natural frequencies, excitable by wind loading through buffeting and vortex shedding. Such vibrations can cause discomfort or even fear in the occupants which is a design failure from vibration serviceability standpoint. Current wind-induced vibration serviceability guidelines such as ISO10137-2007, have proposed their acceptability criteria based on human perception of vibrations. However, recent studies suggest that such perception thresholds may not be an appropriate measure of vibration acceptability. Rather, more direct factors such as influence on work (both cognitive and physical) performance, health and wellbeing, and the emergence of mild motion sickness (sopite syndrome), should be used to assess ‘acceptability’. This study provides experimental evidence of the effects of wind-induced vibrations on cognitive work performance, comfort, and wellbeing of the occupants. The state-of-the-art motion simulator facility, located at the University of Bath (VSimulator) was used to simulate bidirectional random vibrations, typical of tall building response due to wind loading. Under fully controlled conditions, research participants were exposed to six different motion conditions, as a cross-product of two frequencies and three peak accelerations, five of which were deemed acceptable for office buildings according to ISO-10137. Both objective and subjective psychological measurements were carried out to evaluate work performance, comfort, and wellbeing of participants subjected to these different motion characteristics. The results showed that both peak acceleration and frequency of motion had adverse effects on work performance, comfort and wellbeing of participants and showed evidence of the onset of sopite syndrome symptoms during even relatively short (∼2 hour) exposures. It was concluded that even for motion conditions with peak acceleration magnitudes below the threshold of conscious perception, there were negative consequences, especially as exposure to such motions caused participants to experience sopite syndrome. The data here suggests that buildings constructed to current standards might lead to negative consequences for wellbeing and work performance even when people are not consciously aware of any motion. Current serviceability criteria might be insufficient to address acceptable levels of wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings and future design criteria could be based on how vibrations affect health, wellbeing and performance rather than simply on the perceptibility of vibrations.
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NECKING, LARS E., GÖRAN LUNDBORG, RONNIE LUNDSTRÖM, LARS-ERIC THORNELL, and JAN FRIDÉN. "Hand Muscle Pathology after Long-Term Vibration Exposure." Journal of Hand Surgery 29, no. 5 (2004): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.05.004.

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The morphology of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle was studied in 20 patients suffering from hand–arm vibration syndrome. The main morphological changes observed were centrally located myonuclei and fibre type grouping (found in all 20 muscle biopsies), angulated muscle fibres (found in 19 biopsies), ring fibres and regenerating fibres (found in 18 biopsies) and fibrosis (found in 17 biopsies). The observed abnormalities are believed to reflect damage to both the muscle fibres and the motor nerve. The changes were related to different vibration exposure parameters. The number of fibres demonstrating centrally located nuclei correlated significantly with the cumulative vibration exposure, while the number of angulated fibres correlated significantly with the total vibration exposure time. This indicates that the vibrating tools may cause direct damage to muscle fibres as well as nerves.
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42

Zulkarnaen, Muhammad Fauzi, and Wire Bagye. "Alat Kendali Hand Tractor Berbasis Berbasis IoT Pencegah Penyakit Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome." Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6, no. 1 (2024): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v6i1.23271.

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Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) adalah gangguan kesehatan yang disebabkan karena getaran mesin pada tangan secara berlebihan. HAVS memberikan efek rusaknya pembuluh darah, otot dan tulang menajadi lemah, serta kehilangan sensoris secara permanen. Seseorang yang tedampak Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) salah satunya ialah pengendara Hand Tractor. Pada penelitian ini dibangun alat Kendali hand tractor dengan mengimplementasikan Internet Of Things melalui Wifi LAN Untuk mengurangi getaran yang diterima pengendara hand traktor. Alat kendali Hand tractor yang dikembangkan memanfaatkan smartphone Android sebagai remote control, Access point sebagai penghubung, rangkian elektronik berbasis Node MCU ESP8266 untuk menerjemahkan perintah dari Smartphone android menjadi gerak untuk menggerakkan tuas kompling utama untuk maju dan berhenti, Tuas Gas, dan kopling perseneleng untuk belok ke kiri dan belok ke kanan. Sebuah aplikasi android dikembangkan sebagai remote sumber perintah. Metoda yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini adalah Research And Development dengan sepuluh (10) tahapan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan alat kendali dapat menarik tuas kopling handtractor sehingga alat dinyatakan cukup mempu menggantikan pengendara handtractor.Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a disorder of the human hand caused by exposure to machine vibrations. HAVS causes damage to blood vessels, muscle weakness, permanent sensory loss, and bone damage. Hand Tractor Driver One of the workers affected by Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS). To reduce the vibrations received by the hand tractor driver, in this research an IoT-based hand tractor controller was built. The tractor controller implements the TCP/IP protocol in a small coverage area, namely a Local Area Network (LAN) with connecting access point devices. Android smartphone is used as the main remote control. An electronic circuit based on the Node MCU ESP8266 to translate commands from an Android smartphone into movements to move the main clutch lever to move forward and stop, the gas lever, and the shift clutch to turn left and turn right. The access point is used to connect Android applications with electronic circuits. This research uses the Research and Development method. The test results show that the controller can pull the handtractor clutch lever so that the tool is declared capable of replacing the handtractor driver.
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43

Dina Azizah Wulandari, Siti Ainun Ma'rufa, and Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo. "Effect Of Neurodynamic Mobilization On Reducing Sensori neural Symptopms In Dawung Village Wood Craftsmen With The Risk Of Hand Arm Vibartion Syndrome (HAVS)." JURNAL KEPERAWATAN DAN FISIOTERAPI (JKF) 6, no. 1 (2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jkf.v6i1.1772.

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Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a disease caused by working with tools that produce vibrations that are transmitted to the arms and hands. Prolonged use of vibrating devices can cause sensorineural disturbances with complaints of numbness, tingling and decreased sensitivity. This is due to damage to the mechanoreceptors of myelinated A-? afferent nerve fibers due to exposure to vibration when working with vibrating tools. Neurodynamic mobilization functions to restore the plasticity of the nervous system and the ability of the nervous system. This study aims to determine the effect of neurodynamic mobilization on reducing sensorineural symptoms with the risk of HAVS in wood craftsmen in Dawung Village. The design of this study used a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest design method. There are 15 samples of wood craftsmen who meet the criteria. The research instrument used the Stockholm workshop scale with data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the statistical test showed that the final result was p = 0.000, (p <0.05) which means that the effect of neurodynamic mobilization on reducing sensorineural symptoms in wood craftsmen in Dawung Village is at risk of HAVS. These results indicate that the neurodynamic mobilization intervention has effectiveness in increasing blood circulation in the nerves. The conclusion obtained is that neurodynamic mobilization has an effect on reducing sensorineural symptoms in wood craftsmen in Dawung Village with the risk of HAVS.
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44

FÄRKKILÄ, MARKUS, and ILMARI PYYKKÖ. "Treatment of Vibration Syndrome in Finland." Kurume Medical Journal 37, SUPPLEMENT (1990): S127—S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.37.supplement_s127.

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45

Chundwat, Digpal singh. "Phantom Vibration Syndrome: An Emerging Phenomenon." Nursing Journal of India CX, no. 01 (2019): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2019.cx104.

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46

Laroche, Gilles P. "Vibration Syndrome: Legal Aspects and Staging." Vascular Surgery 24, no. 8 (1990): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153857449002400807.

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47

Koskimies, K., M. Farkkila, I. Pyykko, et al. "Carpal tunnel syndrome in vibration disease." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47, no. 6 (1990): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.47.6.411.

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48

Palmer, R. A., and J. Collin. "Preventing the hand-arm vibration syndrome." BMJ 308, no. 6929 (1994): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6929.655a.

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49

Pareek, Shatrughan. "Phantom Vibration Syndrome: An Emerging Phenomenon." Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research 7, no. 4 (2017): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00116.1.

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50

Koskimies, K., M. Farkkila, I. Pyykko, et al. "Carpal tunnel syndrome in vibration disease." Applied Ergonomics 22, no. 6 (1991): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(91)90143-6.

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