Journal articles: 'Vibratory Stress Relief; Fatigue; Welding'

1

Jurčius, Aurimas, Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis, and Olegas Černašejus. "Effects of Vibration Energy Input on Stress Concentration in Weld and Heat-Affected Zone of S355J2 Steel." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.73.

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The existence of residual stresses induced by the welding process is an important reason of cracking and distortion in welded metal structures that may affect the fatigue life and dimensional stability significantly [1]. Heat treatment is one of the traditional methods to relieve the residual stresses. But it is often limited by the manufacturing condition and the size of the structures. In this paper a procedure called vibratory stress relief (VSR) is discussed. VSR is the process to reduce and re-distribute the internal residual stresses of welded structures by means of weldment mechanical vibration during welding. Parameters of VSR procedure are described in the paper. Residual stresses on weld bead are measured in three different specimens by X-ray diffraction method. Mechanical tests of welded specimens were also performed with purpose to evaluate VSR effect in weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ).

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Rao, De Lin, Zheng Qiang Zhu, Li Gong Chen, and Chunzhen Ni. "Reduce the Residual Stress of Welded Structures by Post-Weld Vibration." Materials Science Forum 490-491 (July 2005): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.490-491.102.

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The existence of residual stresses caused by the welding process is an important reason of cracking and distortion in welded metal structures that may affect the fatigue life and dimensional stability significantly. Heat treatment is one of the traditional methods to relieve the residual stresses. But it is often limited by the manufacturing condition and the size of the structures. In this paper a procedure called vibratory stress relief (VSR) is discussed. VSR is a process to reduce and re-distribute the internal residual stresses of welded structures by means of post-weld mechanical vibration. The effectiveness of VSR on the residual stresses of welded structures, including the drums of hoist machine and thick stainless steel plate are investigated. Parameters of VSR procedure are described in the paper. Residual stresses on weld bead are measured before and after VSR treatment by hole-drilling method and about 30%~50% reduction of residual stresses are observed. The results show that VSR process can reduce the residual stress both middle carbon steel (Q345) and stainless steel (304L) welded structures effectively.

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Almeida, Luiz Fernando Cursino Briet de, Julio Cesar Lourenco, Maria Ismenia Sodero Toledo Faria, Decio Lima Vieira, Alain Laurent Marie Robin, and Carlos Angelo Nunes. "Vibratory Stress Relief and Vibratory Weld Conditioning of Flux cored arc welded CA6NM steel." Journal of Materials Science Research 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v9n1p32.

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ASTM A743 CA6NM steel is used in the manufacturing of hydraulic turbines components. Multipass welding is commonly used for their fabrication or repairing. In this work, two different vibratory welding procedures were studied: vibration applied during welding (VWC) and vibration applied after welding (VSR). Results have shown that in both conditions, CA6NM steel presented a martensitic microstructure, in which the VSR welded joint presented column-shaped packets and fine martensite delineating the individual beads, while VWC joint presented grain refinement. Heat affected zones (HAZ) presented δ-phase in small amounts for both conditions in the regions which reached higher temperatures. VSR and VWC conditions presented similar behavior in terms of hardness, HAZ hardness values being close to those of the weld metal, except for the root regions, where higher values were obtained. Charpy-V results showed that HAZs presented higher impact values than those of the weld metal. The low impact values of the weld metal were attributed to presence of inclusions from the welding electrode.

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Duan, Neng Quan, Xiao Li, Wen Hua Du, and Xue Dou. "Simulation Research on Relieving Welding Residual Stress by Vibratory Stress Relief Technology." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2343.

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Analysis of the causes of welding residual stress and the mechanism of VSR, also give the sufficient condition of the exciting force. Firstly, use the thermal - structural coupling and cell life and death of the welding process simulation, get the welding residual stress. Consistent with the theory. Secondly, build the VSR simulation process based on the use of the harmonic response analysis and welding simulation. select the appropriate VSR process parameters through the simulation results. Finally, VSR process simulation, analysis showed that the peak of residual stress after VSR treatment decreased by about 33%, and achieved good results. The numerical simulation analysis provides a strong basis for rational selection of the parameters of the VSR.

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Fu, Jian Ke, Xiao Hui Huang, and Liang Xu. "Numerical Simulation for Technological Parameters of Vibratory Stress Relief in Large Welding Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2046.

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In order to obtain the natural frequency, vibration mode and the curves of amplitude-frequency under two supporting ways, dynamic analysis was carried out on the large plane steel gate structures of a hydraulic projects. According to the Chinese machinery industry standard of vibration stress relief, technological parameters and effective range of vibratory stress relief were determined under two supporting ways. Some valuable references of determining technological parameters of vibratory stress relief for the plane steel gate structures and other momentous welding structures were provided through the research results and the conclusions.

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Dong, Xue Wu, Jian Hui Han, Dai Ren, Kai Mu, Dong Peng Liu, and Yao Li Du. "Vibratory Stress Relief of Central Air-Conditioning Evaporator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.393.

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Tubular evaporator is one of the key components of central air-conditioning. It is necessary to do aging treatment to relief residual stress and prevent leak phenomenon from structural deformation. Vibratory stress relief (VSR) can relieve residual stress in metal component. It has high efficiency with energy-saving, no exhausting and low cost. However vibration parameter impacts effect considerably. The author determines vibration parameter based on vibration mode and stress distribution. The relative parameters cover excitation frequency and point, support point etc. We measured residual stress both for after welding and VSR treatment lasting 30 minutes of the component. Result shows that residual stress is reduced by 61%. Residual stress between different points is decreased by 85.56% after VSR. Therefore, VSR should be carried out by vibration parameter based on vibration mode and stress distribution. At last we can say that our innovation is adapt to determine the VSR technical parameter for all metal components.

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Kim, B. J., Y. R. Son, J. O. Yun, and Jeong Soo Lee. "Residual Stress Relief and Redistribution of Welded Metals by Vibratory Stress Relaxation." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.419.

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In this study, research work on the effects of vibrational energy on the microstructure of welds and Charpy toughness is performed. The results show that vibration during welding exhibits positive effects on the microstructure constituent formation by reducing the amount and thickness of grain boundary ferrite and suppressing the formation of the Widmanstatten structure. And also due to the finer microstructure developed by the vibration, toughness value of the weld metal increases.

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Rao,, Delin, Jingguo Ge, and, and Ligong Chen. "Vibratory Stress Relief in Manufacturing the Rails of a Maglev System." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644544.

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To reduce the welding induced residual stress in the rails of a magnetic levitation (maglev) transport system, the procedure of vibratory stress relief (VSR) is applied and discussed in this paper. Suitable welding sequence for the rails is introduced to keep the residual stress low. Qualitative analysis with scanning curve shows that the peak of acceleration becomes higher after the procedure of VSR and the resonant frequency becomes lower. It means that the procedure of VSR is effective according to the JB/T5926-91 standard. The residual stress in the rail was measured before VSR and after VSR, using hole-drilling method, and the result shows that the average principal stresses was reduced by about 30% after VSR.

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Chen, Shu-Guang, Yi-Du Zhang, Qiong Wu, Han-Jun Gao, and Dong-Yang Yan. "Residual Stress Relief for 2219 Aluminum Alloy Weldments: A Comparative Study on Three Stress Relief Methods." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040419.

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Thermal stress relief (TSR), vibration stress relief (VSR), and thermal and vibratory Stress relief (TVSR) have all been proven to be effective for residual stress relief. So far, no comparison has been made between the effects on residual stress relief of these three stress release methods. In this study, twelve 2219 aluminum alloy welding samples were divided into four groups. One of the groups is used as a reference without any stress relief treatment. The other three groups were processed by TSR, VSR, and TVSR, respectively. The residual stresses of depths of 0–1.2 mm are measured. Results show that small and uniform stresses are observed in the 2219 aluminum alloy welding samples after TSR, VSR, and TVSR treatment. TSR treatment decreased the peak residual stress much more than VSR and TVSR treatment. The maximum reduction of the peak residual stress is 50.8% (210 °C) in the transversal direction and 42.02% (185 °C) in the longitudinal direction after TSR treatment with the temperature range 140 °C to 210 °C. In terms of residual stress homogenization, although the TSR treatment has an advantage perpendicular to the weld direction, the effect parallel to the weld direction is not ideal. The TVSR has a good effect in both directions.

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Dong, Xue Wu, Yan Ting Wang, Jun Hong Cheng, Xi Zhang, Jian Hui Han, Yan Yan Yang, and Bing Li. "Study of the Vibratory Stress Relief for Large-Scale Parallel Welded Steel Truss." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.136.

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Parallel welded steel truss component is widely used in construction, tower, bridges, aerospace and other fields. And the welding residual stress is distributed complicatedly in many areas and directions, which will definitely deform the welded steel truss or even crack it. So, it is necessary to do aging treatment to avoid such thing happened, as well as improve the accuracy and reliability. Vibratory stress relief (VSR) is a new kind of technology which may eliminate the residual stress in metal component with high efficiency, energy-saving, environment protection and low cost compared with thermal stress relief (TSR). But its technical effects vary with the vibration parameters. To the parallel steel truss structures, the excitation parameter of VSR is determined by welding residual stress distribution and the natural mode of vibration. The residual stress concentration areas can get enough vibration, if the parallel steel truss component vibrates with different kinds of natural mode of vibration, which will obtain good effect of eliminating stress. Firstly, the inherent vibration mode of parallel welded steel truss component is measured by the modal analysis technology. Secondly, multiple intrinsic modes are chosen according to principle of making all the welding residual stress concentration regions and directions get enough vibration and then main technical parameters are determined such as excitation frequency, excitation point and support point. In this paper, two examples are given out: the specimen 1is treated with the transverse bending vibration mode and torsion vibration mode respectively according to the above method. As for specimen 2, it is treated with 3 exciting frequencies which are located automatically by the vibration aging machine. The residual stresses of the two specimens are measured before and after their vibrations with blind holes method. Results show that after vibration aging, the welding residual stress peak figure of the Specimen 1 is reduced by an average of 48.65% and the mean value of that dropped by an average of 32.50%. Correspondingly, the residual stress peak value of the Specimen 2 shows a decline of 3.38%, its average fell by an average of 2.55%.

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11

Gao, Hanjun, Yidu Zhang, Qiong Wu, Jing Song, and Kai Wen. "Fatigue life of 7075-T651 aluminium alloy treated with vibratory stress relief." International Journal of Fatigue 108 (March 2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.11.011.

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12

Wu, Liang Chen, and Dong Po Wang. "Effect of Welding Residual Stress on Fatigue Performance of the Welded Joints Treated by Ultrasonic Peening." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.337.

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The fatigue tests of Q235B steel unload longitudinal fillet welded joints containing high welding residual stress were carried out. And the effect of welding residual stress on fatigue performance of the welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening has been studied. Specimens were divided into four groups: as welded, specimens treated by ultrasonic peening(UP), specimens treated by stress relief treatment(SRT) and specimens treated by both ultrasonic peening and stress relief treatment(UP+SRT). Test results show that the effect on fatigue performance of the welded joints treated by ultrasonic peening from welding residual stress is small. It is safe that using the small specimens treated by ultrasonic peening and not containing high welding residual stress to appraise the fatigue performance improvement on large-scale welded structures which are as the same junction style and thickness as the small.

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13

Song, Jing, and Yidu Zhang. "Effect of vibratory stress relief on fatigue life of aluminum alloy 7075-T651." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 2016): 168781401665437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016654379.

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Dong, Xue Wu, Jian Hui Han, Dai Ren, Kai Mu, Zhi Min Fu, and Ya Fei Zhai. "Study on Vibratory Stress Relief of Cylindrical Welded Component with Energy-Saving and Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 1168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1168.

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Cylindrical welded component is one of the typical components. It is necessary to do aging treatment for keeping stable dimension. Vibratory stress relief (VSR) is a new kind of technology which may eliminate the residual stress in metal component with high efficiency, energy-saving, environment protection and low cost compared with thermal stress relief (TSR). And the effect is greatly impacted by vibration parameter. Vibration modes are tested by modal analysis. Excitation frequency and point, support point and other parameter are determined by stress distribution and the fourth vibration mode of cylindrical welded component. Blind hole method is adopted to measure respectively component residual stress after welding and with 20 minutes of VSR treatment. Result shows that residual stress is reduced by 50% or so after VSR for cylindrical welded component. Therefore, vibratory parameters are determined by component residual stress distribution and its vibration mode. The best effect can be obtained for the technology of VSR.

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Fu, Jian Ke, Jun Jin, and Xing Zhou. "Determination of Technological Parameters of Vibratory Stress Relief for Radial Steel Gate Structure Based on Finite Element Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.31.

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In order to determining technological parameters and effective range of vibratory stress relief (VSR) treating for the radial steel gate structure, kinetic analysis was carried out according to the industrial standard. The natural frequency, vibration mode and the curves of amplitude-frequency were obtained by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA),which gave some suggestions for reference on how to determine the technological parameters for large-sized welding structures.

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Ingram, Ehud, Oz Golan, Rami Haj-Ali, and Noam Eliaz. "The Effect of Localized Vibration during Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Steel Welds." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 10, 2019): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162553.

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The use of vibratory welding is treated with some caution in the industry due to inconsistent beneficiary results. Here, a partial explanation is suggested by the differentiation between global vibrational effects (GVEs) and local vibrational effects (LVEs), and the latter is investigated experimentally. Two structural plates of steel are welded at three frequency/amplitude combinations using manual gas metal arc welding in an experimental setup that ensures only LVEs. After welding, tensile tests, microhardness tests, and metallurgical characterization are performed locally in the different welding zones and the results are compared to the non-vibrated welds. Novel use of digital image correlation (DIC) is implemented in tensile testing of welded samples, thus enabling the separate determination of local mechanical properties of the base metal, heat-affected zone and fusion zone of the same weld. LVE is found not to promote any distinct difference in weld properties, at least within the vibrational regimes studied. Nevertheless, depending on geometry and structural response, it is explained how vibratory welding may promote residual stress relief due to GVEs of the welded structure.

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Gao, Han-Jun, Yi-Du Zhang, Qiong Wu, and Jing Song. "Experimental Investigation on the Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-4V Treated by Vibratory Stress Relief." Metals 7, no. 5 (May 3, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met7050158.

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MURAKAMI, Ri-ichi, and Koichi AKIZONO. "Influence of residual stress relief on fatigue crack growth rate in welding residual stress field." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 377 (1985): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.202.

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Munsi, A. S. M. Y., A. J. Waddell, and C. A. Walker. "The Influence of Vibratory Treatment on the Fatigue Life of Welds: A Comparison with Thermal Stress Relief." Strain 37, no. 4 (November 2001): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2001.tb01250.x.

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Zhang, Xi, Xue Wu Dong, Dai Ren, Yan Ting Wang, Jian Hui Han, and Yan Yan Yang. "Study on Optimization Design of VSR Parameter for Large Welded Components." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 1281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.1281.

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This article studies optimization design of Vibratory stress relief (VSR) technology parameter for large welded components. The test is carried through a large welded truss. It first analysis key factor of the influence on VSR technology effect. And then by modal analysis, we’ve got the natural frequency and natural modes of the specimen , The optimization design is based on residual stress distribution and natural modes of component for VSR process parameters. Test pieces are treated by vibration. before and after vibration, residual stress of the specimens is measured by the method of blind hole.The results showed that vibration mode is a key factor in determining the effect of VSR. Stress distribution is more complex for large welded components.As accordance by selecting a few of vibration modes, for VSR main technical parameters design, it can get enough vibration displacement in the areas and directions of component with residual stress. Thus we can have a good effects to relief welding residual stress.Three major parameters (Excitation frequency, excitation point, support points) are related with vibration mode. They are decided by selecting vibration mode. Excitation force is decided based excitation frequency as well as the size of the exciter eccentric , to get the right excitation force by adjusting the size of the exciter eccentric under the condition of the selected excitation frequency.

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Li, Chun Run, Zhen Ping Cao, and Zong Tao Fang. "Research on Methods of Improving Fatigue Property of Low-Strength Steel Welded Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.48.

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TIG dressing combined with ultrasonic peening was conducted on low-strength steel Q235B in this paper, the fatigue strength of which was compared with original welding state, TIG dressing and ultrasonic peening respectively. The results indicate that fatigue strength of welded joints treated by TIG dressing is increased by 36%, composite processing method 57% and ultrasonic peening 56%, with little difference between composite processing method and ultrasonic peening in loading condition R=0.1. Stress concentration factor at weld toe treated by composite processing method is less than that by ultrasonic peening and with less residual compressive stress relief, the former is more effective in improving fatigue life at high stress level. Residual compressive stress at weld toe treated by composite processing is close to ultrasonic peening method and the effect of stress concentration is weakened, the two methods don’t appear to be much different.

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Nitschke-Pagel, Th, and J. Hensel. "An enhancement of the current design concepts for the improved consideration of residual stresses in fatigue-loaded welds." Welding in the World 65, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40194-021-01065-8.

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AbstractThe consideration of residual stresses in fatigue-loaded welds is currently done only qualitatively without reliable knowledge about their real distribution, amount and prefix. Therefore, the tools which enable a more or less unsafe consideration in design concepts are mainly based on unsafe experiences and doubtful assumptions. Since the use of explicitly determined residual stresses outside the welding community is state of the art, the target of the presented paper is to show a practicable way for an enhanced consideration of residual stresses in the current design tools. This is not only limited on residual stresses induced by welding, but also on post-weld treatment processes like HFMI or shot peening. Results of extended experiments with longitudinal fillet welds and butt welds of low and high strength steels evidently show that an improved use of residual stresses in fatigue strength approximation enables a better evaluation of peening processes as well as of material adjusted welding procedures or post-weld stress relief treatments. The concept shows that it is generally possible to overcome the existing extremely conservative but although unsafe rules and regulations and may also enable the improved use of high strength steels.

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23

Edwards, Paul, Marc Petersen, Mamidala Ramulu, and Rodney Boyer. "Mechanical Performance of Heat Treated Ti-6Al-4V Friction Stir Welds." Key Engineering Materials 436 (May 2010): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.436.213.

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Heat treatment processes for standard fusion welding techniques in titanium are well established, but the optimal heat treatment for Friction Stir Welded titanium has not been evaluated. In this study, 6 mm thickness titanium 6Al-4V butt welds were subjected to heat treatments ranging from 700 to 900 C. Results of the metallographic analysis for each heat treatment condition will be presented in addition to microhardness, tensile and fatigue properties. It was found that increased heat treatment temperatures lead to lower hardness and tensile strengths, higher elongation to failure and improved high cycle fatigue performance. Furthermore, fracture toughness and crack growth tests were performed for welds subjected to a standard post-weld stress relief. The fracture toughness was lower than the parent material, but crack growth rates in the weld were similar to that of the base metal.

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Rajan, Sidharth, Priti Wanjara, Javad Gholipour, and Abu Syed Kabir. "Fatigue Behavior of Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si Dissimilar Welds." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113136.

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The use of joints fabricated from dissimilar titanium alloys allows the design of structures with local properties tailored to different service requirements. To develop welded structures for aerospace applications, particularly under critical loading, an understanding of the fatigue behavior is crucial, but remains limited, especially for solid-state technologies such as linear friction welding (LFW). This paper presents the fatigue behavior of dissimilar titanium alloys, Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) and Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si (Ti6242), joined by LFW with the aim of characterizing the stress versus number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves in both the low- and high-cycle fatigue regimes. Prior to fatigue testing, metallurgical characterization of the dissimilar alloy welds indicated softening in the heat-affected zone due to the retention of metastable β, and the typical practice of stress relief annealing (SRA) for alleviating the residual stresses was effective also in transforming the metastable β to equilibrated levels of α + β phases and recovering the hardness. Thus, the dissimilar alloy joints were fatigue-tested in the SRA (750 °C for 2 h) condition and their low- and high-cycle fatigue behaviors were compared to those of the Ti64 and Ti6242 base metals (BMs). The low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of the dissimilar Ti6242–Ti64 linear friction welds was characterized by relatively high maximum stress values (~ 900 to 1100 MPa) and, in the high-cycle fatigue (HCF) regime, the fatigue limit of 450 MPa at 107 cycles was just slightly higher than that of the Ti6242 BM (434 MPa) and the Ti64 BM (445 MPa). Fatigue failure of the dissimilar titanium alloy welds in the low-cycle and high-cycle regimes occurred, respectively, on the Ti64 and Ti6242 sides, roughly 3 ± 1 mm away from the weld center, and the transitioning was reasoned based on the microstructural characteristics of the BMs.

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"AK STEEL TYPE 304L." Alloy Digest 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.ss1324.

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Abstract AK Steel Type 304L is a chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel. It is an extra low-carbon variation of Type 304 with a 0.030% maximum carbon content that eliminates carbide precipitation due to welding. As a result, this alloy can be used in the “as-welded” condition, even in severe corrosive conditions. In many cases it eliminates the necessity of annealing weldments except for applications specifying stress relief. Type 304L has slightly lower mechanical properties than Type 304. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance, corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1324. Producer or Source: AK Steel Corporation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vibratory Stress Relief; Fatigue; Welding'

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