Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vibrio cholerae

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vibrio cholerae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

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Daniszewski, Piotr. "Vibrio cholerae - As Biological Weapons." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 9 (September 2013): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.9.65.

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Terrorism is defined as use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to indulge fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, social or religious. Bioterrorism is terrorism by intentional release or dissemination of biological agents, mainly bacteria or viruses. Use of biological weapons is attractive from the terrorists’ point of view because of low production costs, major range and easiness of transmission. The first mention of the use of primitive biological weapons date back to the 6th century. Use of plague-infested corpses as offensive means in the 14th century caused a spread of bubonic plague through the whole Europe. The biggest development of biological weapons took place in the interwar period and in the cold war era. Biological weapon trails and research were conducted by super powers such as USSR, UK, USA and Japan. At the beginning of the 20th century a new form of bioterrorism occurred, which put humanity in the face of a terrifying threat. Cholera is a deadly disease that has caused a worldwide phenomenon throughout history. Its imperative weapon, the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, has allowed cholera to seize control and wipe out a huge percentage of the human population. V. cholerae’s toxins are the primary causes of cholera’s lethal symptoms. The bacterium contains toxins that help it accomplish its job of invading the human system and defeating the body’s powerful immune system. With its sibling bacterium Escherichia coli, V. cholerae has become one of the most dominant pathogens in the known world. V. cholerae’s strategies in causing the infamous deadly diarrhea have been widely studied, from the irritation of the intestinal epithelium to the stimulation of capillary leakage, as well as the internal effects of the disease such as the Peyer’s patches on the intestinal walls. Overall, the Vibrio cholera bacterium has made cholera a tough disease to overcome, and because of its deadly virulence factors, cholera has become one of the most frightening diseases a human body could ever encounter. Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. Some strains of V. cholerae cause the disease cholera. V. cholerae is facultatively anaerobic and has a flagellum at one cell pole. V. cholerae was first isolated as the cause of cholera by Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini in 1854, but his discovery was not widely known until Robert Koch, working independently 30 years later, publicized the knowledge and the means of fighting the disease. V. cholerae pathogenicity genes code for proteins directly or indirectly involved in the virulence of the bacteria. During infection, V. cholerae secretes cholera toxin, a protein that causes profuse, watery diarrhea. Colonization of the small intestine also requires the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), a thin, flexible, filamentous appendage on the surface of bacterial cells.
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Savelieva, I. V., A. N. Kulichenko, V. N. Saveliev, D. A. Kovalev, O. V. Vasilieva, A. M. Zhirov, E. I. Eremenko, et al. "MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2018-6-37-43.

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Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
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Ntema, V. M., N. Potgieter, and T. G. Barnard. "Detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by molecular and culture based methods from source water to household container-stored water at the point-of-use in South African rural communities." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 12 (June 1, 2010): 3091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.222.

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Detection methods for Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation, PCR detection without enrichment and PCR with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. PCR assays targeted the SodB (V. cholerae species), Flae (V. parahaemolyticus species), 16S rRNA (Vibrio and Enterobacteriacea species) genes (Multiplex 1) and V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 rfb genes, ctxA (cholera toxin) gene and 16S rRNA gene (Multiplex 2). These methods were used to determine the occurrence of selected Vibrios in source water as well as in household container-stored water. The combination of filtration, enrichment and PCR method provided a sensitive and specific method for the detection of selected Vibrios in water samples. The PCR with a pre-enrichment method detected as few as 4–10 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios and PCR detection without the enrichment method detected as few as 40–100 cfu/100 mL of selected Vibrios. The inclusion of an enrichment period allows detection of culturable bacteria. As an application of the developed methods, V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus were detected in the source water used by the population and in the water-storage containers. The results indicate that Vibrio species in the containers could have originated from the source water and survive in biofilms inside the containers.
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Savelieva, I. V., S. N. Tikhonov, V. N. Saveliev, D. A. Kovalev, S. V. Pisarenko, E. S. Kotenev, B. V. Babenyshev, L. S. Zinich, N. N. Pidchenko, and A. N. Kulichenko. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR-GENETIC PROPERTIES OF STRAINS - CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF CHOLERA - ISOLATED IN UKRAINE IN 1994 - 2011." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-1-49-55.

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Aim. Retrospective analysis of biological and molecular-genetic properties of strains - causative agents of cholera - isolated in the period of epidemics in Ukraine in 1994 - 2011. Materials and methods. Phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of 5 strains of cholera vibrios, biovar El Tor isolated from cholera patients and 4 strains from the environmental samples were studied using traditional bacteriological and genetic methods. Detection of DNA for toxigenicity genes and genes characteristic for El Tor and classic biovar were carried out by PCR method using reagent kits «AmpliSens- Vibrio cholerae FRT» and «.Vibrio cholerae ctxB-rstR-rstC genes, REF» (an experimental test system). Sequencing of genomes of 4 strains of causative agents of cholera was carried out in genetic analyzer Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Results. Strains of cholera vibrios identified in Ukraine in 1994 and 2011 such as a typical toxigenic biovar El Tor (V cholerae 01, El Tor, Ogawa, Hly-, ctxA+, tcpA+) contain genes of the classic cholera vibrio in their genome and are genetically altered (hybrid) variants of cholera vibrio biovar El Tor producing enterotoxin CT1 and having increased virulence, that was clinically manifested in predominance of severe forms of cholera in Mariupol of Donetsk region in 2011. Genome sequences of the 4 studied strains were deposited into the international database DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank. Conclusion. The studied isolates were established to belong to a clade of strains associated with cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Asian continent, from where genetically altered strains of cholera vibrios biovar El Tor were introduced to Haiti in 2010, based on results of comparison of genomic sequences of the studied strains with genomes of V. cholera strains from the international database GenBank.
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Lomov, Yu M., N. R. Telesmanich, I. T. Andrusenko, E. A. Moskvitina, and O. A. Areshina. "PROPERTIES OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN ASIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE STRAINS CIRCULATING IN OTHER CONTINENTS DURING THE SEVENTH CHOLERA PANDEMIC." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40654.

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The review deals with the properties of Vibrio cholerae (classical, El Tor, 0139, non-01/non-0139 strains) circulating worldwide during the seventh cholera pandemic. Particular attention is given to the variability in the cholera pathogen: the replacement of classical Vibrio cholerae by the El Tor biotype and subsequently the emergence of serogroup Vibrio cholerae 0139 and genetically altered El Tor Vibrio cholerae; the causes giving rise to these changes and spread of Vibrio cholera in the countries of the Asian continent. A large genetic variability found in Asian strains suggests that there is a real possibility of the emergence of new clones with new properties, including those with an epidemic potential. The Vibrio cholerae strains, that periodically appear in Asia and have an epidemic potential and new properties, spread over all continents, by causing cholera infection. The cholera pathogen adapts to new existence conditions in some cases, by altering some properties and, by having been rooted in a certain area, causes mainly sporadic cases of the disease. These Vibrio cholerae strains, unlike the Asian strains (the pathogens of the seventh pandemic), may be virulent, by preserving the virulence genes in the genome; however, they are, in most cases, non-endemic and unable to spread widely.
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Maurice Bilung, Lesley, Mintra Prommani Etriam, Ahmad Syatir Tahar, Teng Sing Tung, and Kasing Apun. "Detection of Cholera Toxin-Producing Vibrio cholerae in Phytoplankton from Santubong and Samariang Estuaries." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.1584.2019.

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Many cholera outbreaks worldwide were associated with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic environment, whilst phytoplankton is associated with adaptation of the Vibrio species. This study was conducted to detect cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae, and to determine association of the selected water physicochemical parameters with the number of the bacteria. In this study, a total of ten phytoplankton samples were collected at Santubong and Samariang Estuaries in Kuching, Sarawak. Water physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH and salinity) were recorded. Vibrio bacteria were cultivated on thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose selective agar and analysed for cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae using polymerase chain reaction by targeting ctxA gene that encodes for virulence cholera enterotoxin subunit A. The result revealed that a range of 1.0 × 107 – 8.0 × 107 CFU/ml of yellow colonies growing on the thiosulfate citrate bile-salts sucrose agars. Inversely, no samples were positive with cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae. The physicochemical parameters at Samariang Estuary were more associated with the number of bacteria in the samples compared to Santubong Estuary.
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Mushayabasa, Steady, and Claver P. Bhunu. "Assessing the Impact of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the Future Trends of Cholera Epidemic." ISRN Biomathematics 2012 (December 4, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/127492.

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Cholera, an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, remains a major public health problem in many parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A mathematical model is developed, to assess the impact of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of the cholera epidemic. Equilibrium states of the model are determined and their stabilities have been examined. The impacts of increasing antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae on the future trends of cholera epidemic have been investigated through the reproductive number. Numerical results are provided to support analytical findings.
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WONG, HIN-CHUNG, WAN-RU SHIEH, and YEONG-SHENG LEE. "Toxigenic Characterization of Vibrios Isolated from Foods Available in Taiwan." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.11.980.

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Several Vibrio species have been implicated in diarrheal diseases and wound infection, and some foods are important vehicles for these pathogens. A number of these vibrios isolated from food produced extracellular heat-labile or heat-stable hemolysin and cytotoxins, but only a few strains hybridized to nucleic acid probes of Shiga-like toxin, cholera toxin, or thermostable direct hemolysin. These vibrios also produced extracellular or cell-mediated mouse-lethal factors. The vibrios from foods may produce toxins not identical or related to the common toxins of Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, or Vibrio parahaetnolyticus.
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Colwell, R. R., A. Huq, M. A. R. Chowdhury, B. Xu, and P. R. Brayton. "Serogroup conversion of Vibrio cholerae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 946–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-131.

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Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 can be detected in the environment in a viable but nonculturable form, whereas V. cholerae non-O1 cells can be readily cultured during interepidemic periods in geographical regions where cholera is endemic. In the present study, pure cultures of V. cholerae non-O1 cells contained 01 cells when examined by immune-fluorescence microscopy. Laboratory microcosms were used to examine the outgrowth of the O1 cells in cultures of non-O1 V. cholerae. One O1 cell per 106 non-O1 cells could be detected by direct fluorescent-monoclonal antibody staining but only after incubation of the non-O1 culture for 48 h. Individual O1 cells were not detected in cultures incubated less than 48 h. Hybridization study, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified fragment of the O-antigen of V. cholerae O1 as a probe, revealed the existence of a homologous gene in a microcosm sample of V. cholerae non-O1 containing serogroup-converted cells. The mechanism by which O1 cells can occur in cultures of non-O1 V. cholerae most likely resulted from spontaneous mutation of gene(s) encoding the O-somatic properties and (or) chemical, physical, or biological changes in the environment inducing expression or repression of the controlling gene(s). These findings have important implications for the epidemiology of cholera and the environmental source(s) of toxin producing V. cholerae O1.Key words: serogroup conversion, Vibrio cholerae O1, Vibrio cholerae non-O1, cholera.
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Nasreen, Tania, Nora A. S. Hussain, Mohammad Tarequl Islam, Fabini D. Orata, Paul C. Kirchberger, Rebecca J. Case, Munirul Alam, Stephanie K. Yanow, and Yann F. Boucher. "Simultaneous Quantification of Vibrio metoecus and Vibrio cholerae with Its O1 Serogroup and Toxigenic Subpopulations in Environmental Reservoirs." Pathogens 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121053.

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Vibrio metoecus is a recently described aquatic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen, closely related to and often coexisting with Vibrio cholerae. To study the relative abundance and population dynamics of both species in aquatic environments of cholera-endemic and cholera-free regions, we developed a multiplex qPCR assay allowing simultaneous quantification of total V. metoecus and V. cholerae (including toxigenic and O1 serogroup) cells. The presence of V. metoecus was restricted to samples from regions that are not endemic for cholera, where it was found at 20% of the abundance of V. cholerae. In this environment, non-toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae represents almost one-fifth of the total V. cholerae population. In contrast, toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae was also present in low abundance on the coast of cholera-endemic regions, but sustained in relatively high proportions throughout the year in inland waters. The majority of cells from both Vibrio species were recovered from particles rather than free-living, indicating a potential preference for attached versus planktonic lifestyles. This research further elucidates the population dynamics underpinning V. cholerae and its closest relative in cholera-endemic and non-endemic regions through culture-independent quantification from environmental samples.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

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Nygren, Erik. "A mouse model for direct evaluation of cholera vaccines /." Göteborg : Dept. of Microbiology and immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/19376.

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Falklind, Jerkérus Susanna. "Vibrio cholerae O139 : identification, characterization and vaccine strategies /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-696-0/.

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Le, Roux Wouter Jacobus. "Population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in the Vaal Barrage." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02162007-175110.

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Occhino, Deborah Ann. "Vibrio cholerae iron transport : characterization of two tonB systems and components of a heme transport system /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Chow, Ka-hang. "Molecular characterization of RTX toxin of vibrio cholerae causing epidemics." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575898.

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Lee, Jason J. "Neutrophil responses to Vibrio cholerae autoinducer-1 and structural analogues." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404172.

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Vibrio cholerae is a pathogen responsible for cholera, an infectious disease that usually manifests as severe diarrhea. V. cholerae cells can regulate population-wide gene expression changes in a density-dependent manner, in a process known as quorum sensing (QS). QS involves communication between bacterial cells using secreted signalling molecules. V. cholerae autoinducer-1 (CAI-1) is the dominant signalling molecule in the V. cholerae QS circuit and has roles in regulating biofilm formation/degradation and expression of virulence genes. Interactions between bacterial-produced QS molecules and eukaryotic cells have been documented. This is known as interkingdom or cross-kingdom signalling. CAI-1 has been reported to act as a chemoattractant for the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans which feeds on V. cholerae cells as a food source. Legionella autoinducer-1 (LAI-1), which is structurally similar to CAI-1, is a signalling molecule produced by Legionella pneumophila. LAI-1 has been reported to impede the migration of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, and has also been shown to destabilise the cytoskeleton of RAW 264.7 cells. Structural analogues of CAI-1 with more potent activity within the V. cholerae QS circuit have been developed as potential novel therapeutics against cholera. These QS agonists would force the bacterial cells to express high cell density behaviours, impairing colonisation and promoting detachment, therefore reducing pathogenesis. These previous findings led to the hypothesis that CAI-1 and structural analogues may have immunomodulatory effects on host cells during V. cholerae infection, particularly recruited immune cells which may be exposed to CAI-1 during cholera. There are several lines of evidence the neutrophil recruitment is prominent during cholera and that these granular leukocytes play a role in controlling infection. Thus, the key aims of this study were to characterise interactions between CAI-1, as well as structural analogues of CAI-1, and neutrophils. In vitro HL-60 cell culture revealed an upregulation of CD11b expression when cells were differentiated with DMSO in the presence of CAI-1. This increased differentiation marker expression was at the expense of both cell viability and total cell count. Additionally, two 3-acyl pyrrole analogues of CAI-1 also increased CD11b expression greater than CAI-1, when cells were differentiated with DMSO in the presence of either analogue. Again, this resulted in significantly reduced cell viability and total cell count, although at similar levels to CAI-1. HL-60 cells differentiated in the presence of CAI-1 or either analogue were generally more granular than cells differentiated with DMSO alone. The effects of CAI-1 and structural analogues on neutrophil effector functions were assessed, namely chemotaxis and oxidative burst. CAI-1 did not act as a chemoattractant for DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells, nor did it reduce or enhance migration towards fMLP, a known chemoattractant. Pre-treatment of differentiated HL-60 cells with CAI-1 or one of the 3-acyl pyrrole analogues for 3 h resulted in decreased reactive oxygen species production. However, concomitant reduction in cell viability was observed over 3 h. Preliminary experiments assessed the effect of CAI-1 on primary human neutrophils. Isolated neutrophils appeared larger and less round with CAI-1 treatment. In contrast, CAI-1 treatment of whole blood resulted in apparent reductions in cell size as assessed by flow cytometry. Expression of activation markers (CD11b, CD64, CD66b) on granulocytes in whole blood appeared unaffected by CAI-1. Overall, the results within this study shed light onto the cross-kingdom interactions that may exist between host cells and bacterial signalling molecules. Identifying these interactions may lead to a deeper understanding of additional mechanisms that may be involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. Additionally, these interactions may be important in revealing off-target effects that developing novel therapies, which interfere with bacterial QS, may have on host cells. These data highlight an advance that reveals many opportunities for further investigations surrounding host-microbe interactions.<br>Thesis (Masters)<br>Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)<br>School of Medical Science<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Moore, Sandra. "Dynamics of cholera epidemics in Haiti and Africa." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5505/document.

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Le cholera est une maladie diarrhéique aiguë due à la consommation d’eau ou d’aliments contaminés par des souches toxigéniques de Vibrio cholerae. Selon le “paradigme du choléra”, la maladie est provoquée par une exposition à un réservoir environnemental de V. cholerae avec des épidémies directement modulées par des facteurs environnementaux. Cependant, comme divers arguments plaident contre ce dogme, nous avons voulu élucider les mécanismes de la dynamique des épidémies de cholera dans trois foyers situés en Haïti, en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) et en Afrique de l’Ouest. Nous avons associé une analyse temporo-spatiale des épidémies à une étude génétique des isolats de V. cholerae. En Haïti, nous avons cherché à savoir si les épidémies actuelles étaient dues à des souches toxigéniques de V. cholerae O1 durablement implantées dans l’environnement aquatique. En Afrique de l’Ouest, notre étude a révélé qu’Accra, la capitale du Ghana, était le principal foyer de choléra pour l’ensemble des pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest situés à l’Ouest du Nigeria. Le réseau d’eau d’Accra a probablement joué un rôle dans la propagation rapide de V. cholerae vers la majorité des quartiers de la ville. Les épidémies de choléra ont diffusé vers les autres pays sous la forme de vagues épidémiques et plusieurs épidémies ont été liées à la migration de populations à risque comme certains pêcheurs. En conclusion, notre réflexion globale sur les épidémies de choléra dans ces trois foyers distincts nous donne une vision cohérente des mécanismes d’émergence et de diffusion du choléra<br>Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by consumption of water or food contaminated with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. According to the "cholera paradigm", the disease is contracted by exposure to environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae, with outbreaks driven directly by climatic factors. However, as recent findings argue against this dogma, we aimed to elucidate the dynamics of cholera outbreaks in three global foci: Haiti, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and West Africa. We combined spatiotemporal analysis of epidemics with genetic assessment of V. cholerae isolates. In Haiti, we assessed whether outbreak re-emergence during the rainy season was due to toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains that have settled into the aquatic environment. Instead, we found that the re-emergence of outbreaks was likely due to persisting outbreaks during the dry season that were insufficiently controlled, rather than an environmental reservoir of V. cholerae O1. In West Africa, our study revealed that Accra, Ghana was the hotspot of cholera in the entire region of West Africa, west of Nigeria. The Accra water network likely played a role in rapid diffusion of V. cholerae throughout the city. Cholera outbreaks spread from Accra into other countries in a wave-like fashion. Distinct outbreaks were linked via migration of at-risk populations, such as certain fishermen. In conclusion, our global reflection of cholera epidemics in these three distinct foci provides a coherent vision of the mechanisms of cholera emergence and diffusion
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Mann, Maretta Clare, and n/a. "Sialylmimetics as Potential Inhibitors fo Vibrio Cholerae Sialidase." Griffith University. Institute for Glycomics, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061006.083947.

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Cholera is an epidemic infectious diarrhoeal disease that for centuries has proven its frightening ability to cause rapid and widespread loss of human life. All symptoms associated with cholera are a result of rapid dehydration due to infection by pathogenic strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The damaging effects associated with cholera are mainly attributed to the toxin, which is secreted by the bacterium and infects cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. A sialidase, also secreted by the bacterium, is believed to facilitate toxin uptake by the gastrointestinal epithelium. V. cholerae sialidase is therefore a potential target for therapeutic intervention. A survey of the literature reveals that sialidases from different species share common features with respect to their structure, substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. The unsaturated sialic acid, Neu5Ac2en, inhibits most exosialidases with a dissociation constant of inhibitor of -10-4 to-10-6 M and has frequently been used as a template in the design of more potent sialidase inhibitors. In the case of V. cholerae sialidase, there have been no inhibitors reported to date that are significantly more potent than Neu5Ac2en itself The present research aimed to develop a range of mimics of Neu5Ac2en, which contain various substituents to replace the C-6 glycerol side chain, as potential inhibitors of V cholerae sialidase. The x-ray crystal structure of V cholerae sialidase was used to explore potential interactions between active site residues and C-6 modified Neu5Ac2en mimetics of known inhibitory potency. Opportunities for interactions within the glycerol side chain pocket in the active site of V cholerae sialidase are discussed. A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of a series of glucuronidebased Neu5Ac2en mimetics starting from readily available GIcNAc. This approach was employed for the preparation of Neu5Ac2en mimetics that contained an ether or thioether substituent as replacement of the glycerol side chain of Neu5Ac2en. Progress was also made towards the synthesis of a series of C-6 acylamino Neu5Ac2en mimetics. Analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that the acylamino derivatives adopted a half-chair conformation that was similar to the conformation of Neu5Ac2en but different to the conformation adopted by the ether and thioether derivatives prepared. The inhibitory activity of the C-6 ether and thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics prepared was evaluated in vitro using an enzyme assay. It was found that most of the derivatives inhibited V. cholerae sialidase with a K1 of approximately 1O-4 M. The derivatives containing a hydrophobic side chain were found to be slightly more potent compared to derivatives with more hydrophilic side chains. A more detailed study of binding interactions between the C-6 thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics and V cholerae sialdiase was carried out using STD 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational molecular modelling.
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Mann, Maretta Clare. "Sialylmimetics as Potential Inhibitors fo Vibrio Cholerae Sialidase." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367187.

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Cholera is an epidemic infectious diarrhoeal disease that for centuries has proven its frightening ability to cause rapid and widespread loss of human life. All symptoms associated with cholera are a result of rapid dehydration due to infection by pathogenic strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The damaging effects associated with cholera are mainly attributed to the toxin, which is secreted by the bacterium and infects cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. A sialidase, also secreted by the bacterium, is believed to facilitate toxin uptake by the gastrointestinal epithelium. V. cholerae sialidase is therefore a potential target for therapeutic intervention. A survey of the literature reveals that sialidases from different species share common features with respect to their structure, substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. The unsaturated sialic acid, Neu5Ac2en, inhibits most exosialidases with a dissociation constant of inhibitor of -10-4 to-10-6 M and has frequently been used as a template in the design of more potent sialidase inhibitors. In the case of V. cholerae sialidase, there have been no inhibitors reported to date that are significantly more potent than Neu5Ac2en itself The present research aimed to develop a range of mimics of Neu5Ac2en, which contain various substituents to replace the C-6 glycerol side chain, as potential inhibitors of V cholerae sialidase. The x-ray crystal structure of V cholerae sialidase was used to explore potential interactions between active site residues and C-6 modified Neu5Ac2en mimetics of known inhibitory potency. Opportunities for interactions within the glycerol side chain pocket in the active site of V cholerae sialidase are discussed. A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of a series of glucuronidebased Neu5Ac2en mimetics starting from readily available GIcNAc. This approach was employed for the preparation of Neu5Ac2en mimetics that contained an ether or thioether substituent as replacement of the glycerol side chain of Neu5Ac2en. Progress was also made towards the synthesis of a series of C-6 acylamino Neu5Ac2en mimetics. Analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that the acylamino derivatives adopted a half-chair conformation that was similar to the conformation of Neu5Ac2en but different to the conformation adopted by the ether and thioether derivatives prepared. The inhibitory activity of the C-6 ether and thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics prepared was evaluated in vitro using an enzyme assay. It was found that most of the derivatives inhibited V. cholerae sialidase with a K1 of approximately 1O-4 M. The derivatives containing a hydrophobic side chain were found to be slightly more potent compared to derivatives with more hydrophilic side chains. A more detailed study of binding interactions between the C-6 thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics and V cholerae sialdiase was carried out using STD 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational molecular modelling.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences<br>Full Text
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Zo, Young-Gun. "Phylogenomic and structural analyses of Vibrio cholerae populations and endemic cholera." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3090.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Books on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

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Kaye Wachsmuth, I., Paul A. Blake, and Ørjan Olsvik, eds. Vibrio cholerae and Cholera. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.

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1935-, Takeda Yoshifumi, ed. Vibrio cholerae and cholera. Tokyo: KTK Scientific Publishers, 1988.

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Sikora, Aleksandra E., ed. Vibrio Cholerae. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8685-9.

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Drasar, B. S., and B. D. Forrest, eds. Cholera and the Ecology of Vibrio cholerae. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1515-2.

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S, Drasar B., and Forrest B. D, eds. Cholera and the ecology of Vibrio cholerae. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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Kaye, Wachsmuth, Blake Paul A, and Olsvik Ørjan, eds. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: Molecular to global perspectives. Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 1994.

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M, Faruque Shah, and Nair G. Balakrish, eds. Vibrio cholerae: Genomics and molecular biology. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press, 2008.

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Organization, World Health, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Risk assessment of choleragenic Vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 in warm-water shrimp in international trade: Interpretative summary and technical report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2005.

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Wachsmuth, I. K., and Ørjan Olsvik. Vibrio cholerae and Cholera. 1994.

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Drasar, B. S., and B. D. Forrest. Cholera and the Ecology of Vibrio Cholerae. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

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Colwell, Rita R., and Anwarul Huq. "Vibrios in the Environment: Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio cholerae." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 117–33. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch9.

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Said, B., and B. Drasar. "Vibrio cholerae." In Cholera and the Ecology of Vibrio cholerae, 1–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1515-2_1.

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Kaper, James B., Alessio Fasano, and Michele Trucksis. "Toxins of Vibrio cholerae." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 143–76. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch11.

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Glenn Morris, J. "Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 95–102. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch7.

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Kim, Dong Wook. "Vibrio cholerae." In DNA Methods in Food Safety, 359–79. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118278666.ch15.

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Waldor, Matthew K., and John J. Mekalanos. "Vibrio cholerae." In Infectious Agents and Pathogenesis, 37–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0313-6_3.

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Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Bhabatosh Das, Ranjan K. Nandy, Ankur Mutreja, and G. Balakrish Nair. "Vibrio cholerae." In Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections, Volume II, 83–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83217-9_5.

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Kay, Bradford A., Cheryl A. Bopp, and Joy G. Wells. "Isolation and Identification of Vibrio cholerae O1 from Fecal Specimens." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 1–25. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch1.

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Barrett, Timothy J., and John C. Feeley. "Serologic Diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 135–41. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch10.

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Ottemann, Karen M., and John J. Mekalanos. "Regulation of Cholera Toxin Expression." In Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, 177–85. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818364.ch12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

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Aldoori, Atheer, Farah Samawi, Anas noori, and Kifah Ahmed. "Vibrio Cholera 22: Isolation And Molecular Detection of Cholera Toxin (CTX) in Some Iraqi Governorates." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences, 391–95. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1337.

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Vibrio cholerae is a major etiology of diarrhea in humans worldwide. In this study, we isolated and identified V. cholerae from the human stool of suspected cases admitted in different hospitals of Iraqi governerate. A total of (180) suspected patient stool samples infected with Vibreo cholera (V. cholera) ,110 sample were positive and showed growth of yellow colored colonies when cultured on Thiosulfate citrate bile salt agar(TCBS ). The isolates were Gram-negative, curved shaped, and motile. Biochemically, they were found positive for indole and Methyl Red tests and negative for Voges– Proskauer test when we used API 20 test. Ninty of the isolates were ogawa when made serotyping test. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed these isolates as highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracycline m Ampicillinm , and Erythromycin while resistant to TR , and oxacillin. After the routine culture of samples for isolation and identification of V. cholerae isolates, PCR was performed for molecular detection of V. cholerae isolates based on 16S ribosomal RNA and ompW genes. Toxigenicity was detected by CTX toxin genes. Out of the 110 positive samples, only 50 isolates were positive for CTX gene, using genus-specific primers.
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Al Fendi, Ali. "Exploiting Vpusm 8 Lytic Phage for The Bio- Control of V. Cholerae: A Novel Approach Against Cholera in The Era of Antibiotic Resistance." In 5th International Conference on Biomedical and Health Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/biohs2024/paper.1303.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Vibriophage Universiti Sains Malaysia 8 (VPUSM 8), a bacteriophage that destroys bacteria, in managing the proliferation of Vibrio cholerae, specifically the El Tor serotype, as an alternate therapeutic strategy. Methods: The study entailed subjecting water samples from Kelantan, Malaysia, to reproduce the natural circumstances that promote the growth of V. cholerae. Subsequently, the samples were contaminated with the V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain and treated using VPUSM 8. The study employed a controlled experimental design, wherein the samples were divided into three groups, each experiencing different treatment methods. Quantifying the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and plaque-forming units (PFUs) using serial dilution methods and agar plate cultures was part of the evaluation of VPUSM 8. Results: The study showed a notable decrease in V. cholerae populations in the groups treated with phages compared to the control group. The group that got an additional dose of VPUSM 8 had a more significant reduction in bacterial count. Conclusion: This work emphasises the potential of phage therapy, specifically VPUSM 8, as a practical approach to controlling cholera, particularly the El Tor Inaba strain of V. cholerae.
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Konnov, Nikolai P., Vil B. Baiburin, Svetlana P. Zadnova, and Uryi P. Volkov. "Comparative microscopy study of Vibrio cholerae flagella." In BiOS '99 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Eiichi Tamiya and Shuming Nie. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.350626.

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Silva, IMT, LA Caldeira, LO Sant’anna, LF Seabra, LS Santos, and MRB Araújo. "RELEVÂNCIA DAS METODOLOGIAS AUTOMATIZADAS E ESTUDO GÊNICO NO ISOLAMENTO E NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE VIBRIO CHOLERAE." In Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 72. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6152.

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Objetivo: Reportar a identificação de V. cholerae em hemocultura. Método: Relato de caso a partir das análises microbiológicas de amostra de sangue com identificação de V. cholerae confirmada por espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF. Conclusão: Paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, renal crônico, dialítico, apresentando febre alta, mialgia, diarreia aguda e sonolência, evoluindo com tosse seca, dispneia e anemia crônica, foi encaminhado a UTI. A hemocultura positivou pelo sistema BactAlert®, e ao Gram, visualizaram-se bacilos Gram negativos curvos. O isolado bacteriano foi identificado como V. cholerae (99%). O teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos (TSA) evidenciou sensibilidade a tetraciclina, ceftazidima, ciprofloxacina, meropenem e sulfametoxazol/trimetropima. O teste de aglutinação foi negativo para as toxinas O1 e O139. A PCR multiplex evidenciou os genes rtx, toxR, ompW, hlyA, sendo negativo para ctxAB, rfbO1, tcp, zot, ace e ompU. Institui-se a antibioticoterapia com ciprofloxacina, possibilitando a alta médica. V. cholerae é um microrganismo de importância epidemiológica associado a quadros intestinais, porém, casos sistêmicos merecem atenção mesmo quando causados por cepas NAG. Diversos genes contribuem para a patogenicidade dessa espécie, incluindo hlyA e rtx, codificadores de citoxinas. O risco de transmissão desses genes é preocupante e, portanto, são relevantes o rápido isolamento, o TSA e o monitoramento da aquisição e da expressão de genes de virulência para prevenção e contenção de surtos e epidemias, bem como para o estabelecimento do tratamento adequado, especialmente em quadros invasivos. Referências: Igere BE, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Atypical and dual biotypes variant of virulent SA-NAG-Vibrio cholerae: an evidence of emerging/evolving patho-significant strain in municipal domestic water sources. Ann Microbiol. 2022; 72(3).
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Mourino-Perez, Rosa R., and Josue Alvarez-Borrego. "Color correlation for the recognition of Vibrio cholerae O1 in seawater." In ICO XVIII 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics, edited by Alexander J. Glass, Joseph W. Goodman, Milton Chang, Arthur H. Guenther, and Toshimitsu Asakura. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354900.

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Mohamed, Naz Fathima Raj, Dhanraj Ganapathy, and Vaishnavi Rajaraman. "Estimation of vibrio cholerae levels in ground water supply in Tiruvallur district." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELLING STRATEGIES IN MATHEMATICS: ICMSM 2024, 040020. AIP Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275765.

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Benrezkallah, Djamila. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Mesophilic Enzyme Vibrio Cholerae Endonuclease I: Salt Effect Study." In ECSOC 2023. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-27-16165.

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Haselhorst, Thomas, Carolyn Trower, Jennifer Wilson, Ross Coppel, and Mark von Itzstein. "EPITOPE MAPPING BY SATURATION TRANSFER DIFFERENCE NMR OF SIALIC ACID MIMETICS WITH VIBRIO CHOLERAE SIALIDASE." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.514.

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Anas, Abdulaziz, Kiran Krishna, Sreelakshmi PK, Syamkumar V, Jasmin C, Beena James, and Sobha kurien. "Multiple drug-resistant <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>responsible for cholera outbreak among migrant domestic workers in Kerala, South India." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Microbiology. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecm2020-07103.

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Mandal, Rahul S., Atri Ta, and Santasabuj Das. "In silico designing and experimental validation of a potential small molecule inhibitor against vibrio cholerae AphB." In BCB '14: ACM-BCB '14. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2649387.2660778.

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Reports on the topic "Vibrio cholerae"

1

ตัณฑวณิช, ทิพวรรณ, та วีณา เคยพุดซา. ประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทยชนิด Haliotis asinina LINNAEUS 1758. สถาบันวิจัยทรัพยากรทางน้ำ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2009. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.82.

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ศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทย ที่มีขนาดความยาวเปลือก 2.27±0.02 เซนติเมตร และมีน้ำหนักตัวเฉลี่ย 2.77±0.06 กรัม และแสดงวิการโรคบริเวณเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายในฉีกขาด กล้ามเนื้อเท้าเป็นแผลวงสีขาวและไม่เกาะพื้นผิว โดยทำการแยกเชื้อวิบริโอจากอวัยวะต่างๆ ได้แก่ ตับ/ตับอ่อน (Hepatopancreas), อวัยวะสืบพันธุ์ (Gonad), น้ำเลือด (Hemolymph), กล้ามเนื้อเท้า (Foot Muscle) และเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายใน มาเพาะเลี้ยงและทำการพิสูจน์เชื้อเพื่อแยกชนิด (Identification) โดยการทดสอบคุณสมบัติต่างๆทางชีวเคมีด้วยชุดทดสอบ API 20E พบเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus นำเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่พบมาทดสอบความไวต่อยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 13 ชนิด โดยวิธี Agar Disc Diffusion Method บนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ Meuller Hilton Agar พบว่า chloramphenicol และ nalidixic acid สามารถยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ 100% รองลงมา ได้แก่ doxycycline hydrochloride, furazolidone, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline และ sulfadimethoxine ตามลำดับ ส่วน erythromycin และ novobiocin นั้นไม่มีฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ จากนั้นเลือกยาต้านจุลชีพมาเพียง 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus โดยวิธี Broth Dilution Method พบว่า oxolinic acid มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. cholerae และ V. fluvialis สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm และ MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm ตามลำดับ) ส่วน enrof-loxacin มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. vulnificus สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.50, MBC ≥ 32 ppm) ส่วน sulfadimethoxine มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ต่ำสุดการศึกษาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีสโดยการฉีดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. เข้ากล้ามเนื้อเท้าหอยเป๋าฮื้อ พบว่า ค่า LD50 ของเชื้อ V. cholerae (1.04 x 107 CFU/ml.) มีค่าต่ำกว่า V. fluvialis (1.87 x 107 CFU/ml.) และ V. vulnificus (2.87 x 109 CFU/ml.) ซึ่งแสดงว่า V. cholerae มีความรุนแรงในการก่อโรคมากที่สุด จึงเลือก V. cholerae มาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีส (vibriosis) ในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ แล้วทำการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 5 ชนิดในการรักษาโรควิบริโอซีสในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ โดยยาแต่ละชนิดใช้ 3 ขนาด ให้ยาด้วยวิธีการแช่ต่อเนื่องเป็นเวลา 7 วัน พบว่า ความเข้มข้นของยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมต่อการรักษาโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อของ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid มีค่าเป็น 50, 20, 5, 10 และ 1 ppm ตามลำดับ สำหรับอัตราการรอดชีวิตสูงสุดของหอยเป๋าฮื้อมีค่า 66.67±6.67%, 46.67±3.33%, 53.33±3.33%, 43.33±3.33% และ 43.33±3.33% ตามลำดับ
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ตัณฑวณิช, ทิพวรรณ, та วีณา เคยพุดซา. ประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทยชนิด Haliotis asinina LiNNaEUS 1758. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.73.

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ศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งการเจริญเติบโตของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่ทำให้เกิดโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อไทย ที่มีขนาดความยาวเปลือก 2.27 ±0.02 เซนติเมตร และมีน้ำหนักตัวเฉลี่ย 2.77±0.06 กรัม และแสดงวิการโรคบริเวณเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายในฉีกขาด กล้ามเนื้อเท้าเป็นแผลวงสีขาวและไม่เกาะพื้นผิว โดยทำการแยกเชื้อวิบริโอจากอวัยวะต่าง ๆ ได้แก่ ตับ/ตับอ่อน (Hepatopancreas), อวัยวะสืบพันธุ์ (Gonad), น้ำเลือด (Hemolymph), กล้ามเนื้อเท้า (Foot Muscle) และเนื้อเยื่อปิดอวัยวะภายใน มาเพาะเลี้ยงและทำการพิสูจน์เชื้อเพื่อแยกชนิด (Identification) โดยการทดสอบคุณสมบัติต่าง ๆ ทางชีวเคมีด้วยชุดทดสอบ API 20E พบเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้งหมด 3 ชนิด ได้แก่ V. cholerae, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus นำเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ที่พบมาทดสอบความไวต่อยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 13 ชนิด โดยวี Agar Disc Diffusion Method บนอาหารเลี้ยงเชื้อ Meuller Hilton Agar พบว่า chloramphenicol และ nalidixic acid สามารถยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ 100% รองลงมาได้แก่ doxytetracycline, hydrochloride, furazolidone, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin oxytetracycline, tetracycline และ sulfadimethoxine ตามลำดับ ส่วน erythromycin และ novobiocin นั้นไม่มีฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ จากนั้นเลือกยาต้านจุลชีพมาเพียง 5 ชนิด ได้แก่ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid เพื่อศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อ V. cholera, V. fluvialis และ V. vulnificus โดยวิธี Broth Dilution Method พบว่า oxolinic acid มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. cholera และ V. fluvialis สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC≥ 16 ppm และ MIC ≥ 0.125, MBC ≥ 16 ppm ตามลำดับ) ส่วน enrofloxacin มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัด V. vulnificus สูงสุด (MIC ≥ 0.50, MBC≥32 ppm) ส่วน sulfadimethoxine มีประสิทธิภาพในการยับยั้งและกำจัดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. ทั้ง 3 ชนิดได้ต่ำสุด การศึกษาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีสโดยการฉีดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio spp. เข้ากล้ามเนื้อเท้าหอยเป๋าฮื้อ พบว่าค่า LD₅₀ ของเชื้อ V.cholerae (1.04x10⁷ CFU/ml.) มีค่าต่ำกว่า V.fluvialis (1.87x10⁷ CFU/ml.) และ V.vulnificus (2.87x10⁹ CFU/ml.) ซึ่งแสดงว่า V.cholerae มีความรุนแรงในการก่อโรคมากที่สุด จึงเลือก V.cholerae มาเหนี่ยวนำให้เกิดโรควิบริโอซีส (vibriosis) ในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ แล้วทำการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพของยาต้านจุลชีพทั้ง 5 ชนิดในการรักษาโรควิบริโอซีสในหอยเป๋าฮื้อ โดยยาแต่ละชนิดใช้ 3 ขนาด ให้ยาด้วยวิธีการแช่ต่อเนื่องเป็นเวลา 7 วัน พบว่า ความเข้มข้นของยาต้านจุลชีพที่เหมาะสมต่อการรักษาโรคในหอยเป๋าฮื้อของ oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, enrofloxacin, tetracycline และ oxolinic acid มีค่าเป็น 50, 20, 5, 10 และ 1 ppm ตามลำดับ สำหรับอัตราการรอดชีวิตสูงสุดของหอยเป๋าฮื้อมีค่า 66.67±6.67%, 46.67±3.33%, 53.33±3.33%, 43.33±3.33% และ 43.33±3.33% ตามลำดับ
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3

Buckley, Patricia E., James J. Valdes, and Kevin P. O'Connell. Construction and Analysis of a MutL Knockout Strain of Vibrio cholerae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473545.

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4

Perez-Rosas, N., and T. C. Hazen. Survival and distribution of Vibrio cholerae in a tropical rain forest stream. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666266.

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5

Yeates, Elissa, Kayla Cotterman, and Angela Rhodes. Hydrologic impacts on human health : El Niño Southern Oscillation and cholera. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39483.

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A non-stationary climate imposes considerable challenges regarding potential public health concerns. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which occurs every 2 to 7 years, correlates positively with occurrences of the waterborne disease cholera. The warm sea surface temperatures and extreme weather associated with ENSO create optimal conditions for breeding the Vibrio cholerae pathogen and for human exposure to the pathogenic waters. This work explored the impacts of ENSO on cholera occurrence rates over the past 50 years by examining annual rates of suspected cholera cases per country in relation to ENSO Index values. This study provides a relationship indicating when hydrologic conditions are optimal for cholera growth, and presents a statistical approach to answer three questions: Are cholera outbreaks more likely to occur in an El Niño year? What other factors impact cholera outbreaks? How will the future climate impact cholera incidence rates as it relates to conditions found in ENSO? Cholera outbreaks from the 1960s to the present are examined focusing on regions of Central and South America, and southern Asia. By examining the predictive relationship between climate variability and cholera, we can draw conclusions about future vulnerability to cholera and other waterborne pathogenic diseases.
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Tumwasorn, Somying, Waraporn Siriterm, and Panatda Aramrueang. Role of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the enhancement of epithelial barrier function and anti-inflammation induced by gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.11.

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Specific strains of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. can enhance epithelial barrier function and prevent pathogen-induced damage of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and anti-inflammation induced by gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. We screened indigenous Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Thai isolates with the ability to increase the integrity ofTJs by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assay in Caco-2 cells. Eight Lactobacillus isolates (LF-LI2, LO-NL49, LM-B57, LP-XB7, LS-B37, LSB60, LR-L34 and LC-L39) and three Bifidobacterium isolates (BA-B24, BB-NB42 and BP-NB48) can prevent the destruction of TJs by Clostridium difficile. LR-L34 which was selected for further investigation had the ability to improve the intestinal epithelial barrier destroyed by C. difficile although the magnitude of improvement is lower than that of protection. LR-L34 also had protective effect on the destruction of TJs by Campylobacter jejuni but not by Vibrio cholerae 0 I I naba and Salmonella Typhimurium . LR-L34 was able to increase the expression of claudin-l significantly and its pretreatment prevented C. difficile-induced decrease in the expression of claudin-I and occludin significantly. Furthermore, LR-L34 has the ability to suppress C. difficileinduced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production. Further investigation of BB-NB42 demonstrated that it prevented the damage of TJ integrity by C. jejuni and S. Typhimurium but not by V.cholerae 01 Inaba. BB-NB42 increased the expression of claudin-I and occludin significantly and its pretreatment prevented the decrease in expression of claud in-I , JAMI and occludin significantly. However, BB-NB42 does not have the ability to suppress C. difficile-induced IL-8 production.
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7

Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman, and Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.

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Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.
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Cólera. Instituto Nacional de Salud, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/infoeventos.5.

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El cólera es causado por un bacilo, anaerobio facultativo, Gram negativo, con un solo flagelo polar, llamado Vibrio cholerae perteneciente a la familia Vibrionaceae. Existen más de 206 serogrupos basados en la diversidad antigénicadel lipopolisacárido O de la membrana externa. Los serogrupos asociados a epidemias han sido O1 y O139. Los aislamientos de Vibrio cholerae O1 responsables del cólera endémico y epidémico están clasificados en cuatro biotipos.
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