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Journal articles on the topic 'Vicariance biogeography'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa. "Tectonic calibrations in molecular dating." Current Zoology 57, no. 1 (2011): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.1.116.

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Abstract Molecular dating techniques require the use of calibrations, which are usually fossil or geological vicariance-based. Fossil calibrations have been criticised because they result only in minimum age estimates. Based on a historical biogeographic perspective, I suggest that vicariance-based calibrations are more dangerous. Almost all analytical methods in historical biogeography are strongly biased towards inferring vicariance, hence vicariance identified through such methods is unreliable. Other studies, especially of groups found on Gondwanan fragments, have simply assumed vicariance. Although it was previously believed that vicariance was the predominant mode of speciation, mounting evidence now indicates that speciation by dispersal is common, dominating vicariance in several groups. Moreover, the possibility of speciation having occurred before the said geological event cannot be precluded. Thus, geological calibrations can under- or overestimate times, whereas fossil calibrations always result in minimum estimates. Another major drawback of vicariant calibrations is the problem of circular reasoning when the resulting estimates are used to infer ages of biogeographic events. I argue that fossil-based dating is a superior alternative to vicariance, primarily because the strongest assumption in the latter, that speciation was caused by the said geological process, is more often than not the most tenuous. When authors prefer to use a combination of fossil and vicariant calibrations, one suggestion is to report results both with and without inclusion of the geological constraints. Relying solely on vicariant calibrations should be strictly avoided.

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2

Wiley, E. O. "Vicariance Biogeography." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, no. 1 (1988): 513–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.002501.

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3

Musilová, Zuzana, Oldrich Říčan, Štěpánka Říčanová, Petr Janšta, Ondřej Gahura, and Jindřich Novák. "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of trans-Andean cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae)." Vertebrate Zoology 65, no. 3 (2015): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.65.e31524.

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We reconstruct the historical biogeography of cichlid fishes endemic to the trans-Andean region of NW South America. DNA sequences were used to study historical biogeography of the cichlid genera Andinoacara (Cichlasomatini) and Mesoheros (Heroini). Two eventbased methodological approaches, parsimony-based Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and likelihood-based Dispersal-Extinction Cladogenesis (DEC in Lagrange) were used for ancestral-area reconstructions. Molecular clock analysis of the whole group of Neotropical Cichlidae (using mtDNA and nucDNA markers) was calibrated using BEAST by six known cichlid fossils. The historical biogeography of both studied trans-Andean cichlid genera is best explained by a series of vicariance events that fragmented an ancestrally wider distribution. Both genera have a highly congruent vicariant historical biogeography in their shared distribution in the Colombian-Ecuadorian Choco. The Andean uplift and formation of the Central American isthmus strongly impacted the distribution patterns of the freshwater ichtyofauna in the NW Neotropics as suggested by the historical biogeography of the two studied cichlid groups. Despite strong congruence in their historical biogeography the two studied cichlid lineages (part of the tribe Cichlasomatini and Heroini, respectively) have highly different evolutionary substitution rates in the studied mtDNA cytb marker.

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4

Musilová, Zuzana, Oldrich Říčan, Štěpánka Říčanová, Petr Janšta, Ondřej Gahura, and Jindřich Novák. "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of trans-Andean cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Cichlidae)." Vertebrate Zoology 65 (November 13, 2015): 333–50. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.65.e31524.

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We reconstruct the historical biogeography of cichlid fishes endemic to the trans-Andean region of NW South America. DNA sequences were used to study historical biogeography of the cichlid genera Andinoacara (Cichlasomatini) and Mesoheros (Heroini). Two eventbased methodological approaches, parsimony-based Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and likelihood-based Dispersal-Extinction Cladogenesis (DEC in Lagrange) were used for ancestral-area reconstructions. Molecular clock analysis of the whole group of Neotropical Cichlidae (using mtDNA and nucDNA markers) was calibrated using BEAST by six known cichlid fossils. The historical biogeography of both studied trans-Andean cichlid genera is best explained by a series of vicariance events that fragmented an ancestrally wider distribution. Both genera have a highly congruent vicariant historical biogeography in their shared distribution in the Colombian-Ecuadorian Choco. The Andean uplift and formation of the Central American isthmus strongly impacted the distribution patterns of the freshwater ichtyofauna in the NW Neotropics as suggested by the historical biogeography of the two studied cichlid groups. Despite strong congruence in their historical biogeography the two studied cichlid lineages (part of the tribe Cichlasomatini and Heroini, respectively) have highly different evolutionary substitution rates in the studied mtDNA cytb marker.

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5

Swenson, Ulf, and Robert S. Hill. "Most parsimonious areagrams versus fossils: the case of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2001): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00027.

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Vicariance biogeography uses most parsimonious areagrams in order to explain biogeographic patterns. One notion is that areagrams convey biogeographic information to the extent that alternative palaeogeographic hypotheses are suggested. However, extinctions may distort biogeographic information, leading to areagrams showing area relationships not supported by geological data, and plausible dispersal events might also be overlooked. By the use of the software COMPONENT 2.0, Nothofagus phylogeny was reconciled with the most parsimonious areagrams. Well-preserved fossils, identified to subgenera, were optimised to the reconciled tree. Not all past distributions were predicted by the analysis, and Nothofagus has clearly been present in areas where it cannot have been if strict vicariance is followed. It can therefore be demonstrated that the biogeographic signal in Nothofagus areagrams is incomplete, and that most parsimonious areagrams can be flawed. Areagrams can be a useful tool in historical biogeography, but must be scrutinised within a known geological context and not accepted uncritically as alternative palaeogeographical hypotheses.

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6

Buck, William R. "Biogeography of the Greater Antillean Mosses." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 2, no. 1 (1990): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.2.1.3.

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The distinctions between dispersal and vicariance are discussed and shown how they relate to geological history. Postulated theories on the tectonic origins and history of the Greater Antilles are reviewed, as well as possible climatic events that would affect biogeography. Numerous zoological examples are presented to argue both dispersalist and vicariance viewpoints. It is proposed that the modern moss flora of the Greater Antilles is best explained primarily by dispersal events. Post-vicariant events, such as Pleistocene climate changes, would have extirpated the vast majority of mosses from the islands and even among those taxa that survived, disperal by the same taxa would have obscured their origins. It is assumed that many of the North American elements in the high elevations of Hispaniola are a result of invasions during the Pleistocene. The Andean elements are considered relatively recent dispersally derived taxa that have successfully colonized the Antilles because of ecologically compatible habitats.

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7

Wiley, E. O. "Parsimony Analysis and Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Zoology 37, no. 3 (1988): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992373.

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8

Wiley, E. O. "Parsimony Analysis and Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Biology 37, no. 3 (1988): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/37.3.271.

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9

Reif, Wolf-Ernst, and Christoph Saure. "Shark biogeography: Vicariance is not even half the story." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 175, no. 1 (1987): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/175/1987/1.

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10

Kato, Masahiro. "Biogeography of Ferns: Dispersal and Vicariance." Journal of Biogeography 20, no. 3 (1993): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845634.

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11

Ebach, Malte C., and David M. Williams. "Systematics and Biogeography: Cladistics and Vicariance." Systematic Biology 59, no. 5 (2010): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syq050.

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12

Cracraft, Joel. "Vicariance Biogeography: Theory, Methods, and Applications." Systematic Biology 37, no. 3 (1988): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/37.3.219.

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13

Pérez-Miranda, Fabian, Omar Mejia, Benjamín López, and Oldřich Říčan. "Molecular clocks, biogeography and species diversity in Herichthys with evaluation of the role of Punta del Morro as a vicariant brake along the Mexican Transition Zone in the context of local and global time frame of cichlid diversification." PeerJ 8 (April 29, 2020): e8818. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8818.

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Using molecular dated phylogenies and biogeographic reconstructions, the species diversity, biogeography and time frame of evolution of the genus Herichthys were evaluated. In particular, we test the role of Punta del Morro (PdM) as a vicariant brake along the Mexican Transition Zone in the context of local and global time frame of cichlid diversification using several sets of calibrations. Species diversity in Herichthys is complex and the here employed dating methods suggest young age and rapid divergence for many species while species delimitation methods did not resolve these young species including both sympatric species pairs. Based on our molecular clock dating analyses, Herichthys has colonized its present distribution area significantly prior to the suggested vicariance by PdM (10–17.1 Ma vs. 5 to 7.5 Ma). The PdM constraint is in conflict with all other paleogeographic and fossil constraints including novel ones introduced in this study that are, however, congruent among each other. Our study demonstrates that any cichlid datings significantly older or younger than the bounds presented by our analyses and discussion have to be taken as highly questionable from the point of view of Middle American paleogeography and cichlid biogeography unless we allow the option that cichlid biogeography is completely independent from ecological and geological constraints.

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14

Lieberman, Bruce S., and Niles Eldredge. "Trilobite biogeography in the Middle Devonian: geological processes and analytical methods." Paleobiology 22, no. 1 (1996): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001602x.

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Phylogenetic patterns of trilobite clades were used to deduce biogeographic patterns during the Middle Devonian, a time of active plate collision between North America (Laurentia) and other plates, coincident with several major episodes of sea-level rise and fall. The mapping of biogeographic states onto phylogenies for asteropyginid and proetid trilobites indicated that during their history these trilobite clades often shifted the areas they occupied, and also underwent vicariant differentiation, followed by range expansion, followed by subsequent vicariance. Biogeographic patterns in these individual phylogenies were evaluated and synthesized using a modified version of Brooks Parsimony Analysis, which is discussed. This method makes it possible using cladistic methods to distinguish between episodes of vicariance and episodes of dispersal. Two types of dispersal are recognized herein: (1) the individualistic responses of certain taxa in a single clade that cannot be generalized, i.e., traditional ad hoc dispersal, and (2) those patterns of congruent range expansion that are replicated across several clades. The latter are not treated as true dispersal, expansion of a taxon's range over a barrier accompanied by diversification, but rather as a result of the temporary removal of barriers to marine taxa, due either to relative sea-level rise or to the collision of formerly disjunct plates. These are interpreted as changes in the structure of areas, and this type of dispersal is referred to as geo-dispersal. Geo-dispersal was found to have occurred in the Middle Devonian trilobite fauna of Eastern North America.Biogeographic analysis indicated that Eastern North America is a strongly supported area, with the Appalachian and Michigan Basins as sister areas. Armorica and the Canadian Arctic are also sister areas. Congruence was found between area cladograms produced by vicariance and dispersal analyses for Middle Devonian trilobites, suggesting that in some cases the geological processes governing vicariance, such as sea-level changes, were the same as those that caused dispersal.

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15

Harper, David A. T., and Michael R. Sandy. "Paleozoic Brachiopod Biogeography." Paleontological Society Papers 7 (November 2001): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000978.

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Over two hundred years ago the Swedish scientist Carl Linnæus (1781), in an analysis of the biogeographic patterns of living organisms, suggested that all species originated in Paradise. Although there has been considerable progress in the understanding of biogeographical patterns during the intervening two centuries, modern debate has focused on the general applicability of the concept of faunal realms together with the relevance of dispersal, panbiogeographic, and vicariance models (Nelson and Platnick, 1981). To date, studies of Paleozoic brachiopod biogeography have no strong theoretical base; rather the various numerical techniques available, including both cladistic and phenetic methodologies, have helped organize the growing amount of distributional data into recognizable and useful structures.

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16

Turner, H. "Sapindaceae and the biogeography of eastern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960133.

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The biogeographic relations within eastern Australia and of this region to surrounding areas in New Guinea, West Malesia and the western Pacific are analysed using eight monophyletic groups of Sapindaceae. The results show that areas within eastern Australia are related (Cape York (Atherton Plateau + South East Queensland)), confirming similar results obtained by revious authors. The relationship between eastern Australia and surrounding areas is shown to be complex, involving both vicariance and dispersal events. There are at least two patterns connecting Australia to the West Pacific: an old vicariance (or dispersal) pattern involving the eastern end of the Inner Melanesian Arc and a more recent dispersal pattern via New Guinea involving the Outer Melanesian Arc. West Malesia is also probably connected to eastern Australia by numerous dispersal events via New Guinea. At least two patterns relate eastern Australia to New Guinea: an old vicariance pattern and a younger dispersal pattern from New Guinea back to Australia. These results are compared briefly with those obtained in earlier studies.

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17

Sluys, Ronald. "Explanations for biogeographic tracks across the Pacific Ocean: a challenge for paleogeography and historical biogeography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 1 (1994): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800103.

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Amphi-Pacific organismal distributions form the ingredients of trans-Pacific biogeo graphic tracks, which may either be explained as the result of dispersal or vicariance. Under a vicariance paradigm the classical predrift reconstruction of Pangea cannot adequately explain trans- Pacific tracks. Alternative paleogeographic models that have been invoked as explanations for such tracks are discussed: the lost continent Pacifica, island integration, a new reconstruction of eastern Gondwanaland, and the expanding earth theory. None of these models is fully compatible with all geologic and biogeographic data available at present. Incompatibility of geological and biogeo graphical hypotheses could well result from different time scales involved. It is stressed that biogeographic data and theories should not be made subservient to geological theories but that both biological and geological information should shed their light on the causal explanation of trans- Pacific organismal tracks.

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18

Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A., Martin Fikáček, and Andrew E. Z. Short. "India-Madagascar vicariance explains cascade beetle biogeography." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 118, no. 4 (2016): 982–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12791.

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19

White, Brian N. "Vicariance biogeography of the open-ocean Pacific." Progress in Oceanography 34, no. 2-3 (1994): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(94)90012-4.

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20

Danielopol, D. L., P. Marmonier, A. J. Boulton, and G. Bonaduce. "World subterranean ostracod biogeography: dispersal or vicariance." Hydrobiologia 287, no. 1 (1994): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006901.

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21

Pariselle, Antoine, Walter A. Boeger, Jos Snoeks, Charles F. Bilong Bilong, Serge Morand, and Maarten P. M. Vanhove. "The Monogenean Parasite Fauna of Cichlids: A Potential Tool for Host Biogeography." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (August 13, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/471480.

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We discuss geographical distribution and phylogeny of Dactylogyridea (Monogenea) parasitizing Cichlidae to elucidate their hosts' history. Although mesoparasitic Monogenea (Enterogyrus spp.) show typical vicariant distribution, ectoparasitic representatives from different continents are not considered sister taxa, hence their distribution cannot result from vicariance alone. Because of the close host-parasite relationship, this might indicate that present-day cichlid distribution may also reflect dispersal through coastal or brackish waters. Loss of ectoparasites during transoceanic migration, followed by lateral transfer from other fish families might explain extant host-parasite associations. Because of its mesoparasitic nature, hence not subject to salinity variations of the host's environment, Enterogyrus could have survived marine migrations, intolerable for ectoparasites. Host-switches and salinity transitions may be invoked to explain the pattern revealed by a preliminary morphological phylogeny of monogenean genera from Cichlidae and other selected Monogenea genera, rendering the parasite distribution explicable under both vicariance and dispersal. Testable hypotheses are put forward in this parasitological approach to cichlid biogeography. Along with more comprehensive in-depth morphological phylogeny, comparison with molecular data, clarifying dactylogyridean evolution on different continents and from various fish families, and providing temporal information on host-parasite history, are needed to discriminate between the possible scenarios.

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22

Heads, Michael. "Biogeography by revelation: investigating a world shaped by miracles." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 4 (2014): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb14038.

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This article reviews the methods of biogeographic analysis in current use, as summarised by Alan de Queiroz, 2014 (The Monkey’s Voyage, Basic Books, New York). The methods rely on molecular clock dates (the weakest part of molecular research) rather than analysis of the distributions of clades defined in phylogenies (the strongest part of the research). One of the main findings of the molecular work is the unexpected, high levels of geographic structure in clades, especially allopatry. The modern synthesis and many molecular clock studies suggest that allopatric speciation is caused by founder dispersal, whereas panbiogeography attributes it to vicariance. De Queiroz and many modern studies have accepted that panbiogeography ignores critical evidence, and that vicariance theory was dominant in the 1970s–1990s, but has since declined. Closer examination shows that these claims are incorrect. Other popular misconceptions include the ideas that fossils and fossil-calibrated molecular clocks provide maximum possible ages of clades, that vicariance theory rejects the fossil record and molecular clock dates, that DNA sequences ‘reveal’ long-distance dispersal, that distribution is chaotic, and that chance dispersal can generate repeated patterns. The conclusions of modern island biogeography, as discussed in detail by de Queiroz, are reviewed here for the following islands: São Tomé and Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea, Madagascar, the Seychelles, New Zealand, the Chatham Islands off mainland New Zealand, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, the Hawaiian Islands, the Falkland Islands and Fernando de Noronha off Brazil. Biogeographic analyses of particular groups are illustrated here with respect to ratite birds and primates. Finally, modern methods of ancestral-area analysis are reviewed. These make the unjustified assumption that the location of a basal paraphyletic grade represents a centre of origin.

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23

Noonan, G. R. "Biogeography of North American Andmexican Insects, and a Critique of Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Biology 37, no. 4 (1988): 366–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/37.4.366.

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24

Springer, Mark S., Robert W. Meredith, Jan E. Janecka, and William J. Murphy. "The historical biogeography of Mammalia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1577 (2011): 2478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0023.

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Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions were a problem for all methods. Important differences resulted from coding areas based on the geographical ranges of extant species versus the geographical provenance of the oldest fossil for each lineage. Africa and South America were reconstructed as the ancestral areas for Afrotheria and Xenarthra, respectively. Most methods reconstructed Eurasia as the ancestral area for Boreoeutheria, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. The coincidence of molecular dates for the separation of Afrotheria and Xenarthra at approximately 100 Ma with the plate tectonic sundering of Africa and South America hints at the importance of vicariance in the early history of Placentalia. Dispersal has also been important including the origins of Madagascar's endemic mammal fauna. Further studies will benefit from increased taxon sampling and the application of new ancestral area reconstruction methods.

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25

Gunter, Nicole L., Geoff B. Monteith, Stephen L. Cameron, and Tom A. Weir. "Evidence from Australian mesic zone dung beetles supports their Gondwanan origin and Mesozoic diversification of the Scarabaeinae." Insect Systematics & Evolution 50, no. 2 (2019): 162–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-00002171.

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The evolution of dung beetles remains contentious with two hypotheses reflecting Cretaceous and Paleogene origins driven by different methods. We explore biogeographic evidence and phylogeographic origins against vicariance and dispersal scenarios that attribute to the four elements of the Australian fauna using a multi-gene approach. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported the Australasian clade, composed of almost all Australian, New Caledonian and New Zealand endemic genera (to the exclusion of Boletoscapter). Two Australian lineages with east-west splits and few lineages with restricted, non-overlapping distrbution were identified, and biogeography models provided evidence that vicariance and founder event speciation are important processes in the diversification of Australasian scarabaeines. Our phylogenetic results are largely congruent with a mid-Cretaceous origin of the Australasian clade, the tectonic history of Gondwanaland and climatic history of the Australian continent, and provide compelling evidence that Australian dung beetles are a relictual fauna whose history is linked to mesic zone fragmentation.

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26

Wanntorp, Livia, and Hans-Erik Wanntorp. "The biogeography of Gunnera L.: vicariance and dispersal." Journal of Biogeography 30, no. 7 (2003): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00895.x.

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27

Murienne, Jerome, Savel R. Daniels, Thomas R. Buckley, Georg Mayer, and Gonzalo Giribet. "A living fossil tale of Pangaean biogeography." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1775 (2014): 20132648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2648.

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The current distributions of widespread groups of terrestrial animals and plants are supposedly the result of a mixture of either vicariance owing to continental split or more recent trans-oceanic dispersal. For organisms exhibiting a vicariant biogeographic pattern—achieving their current distribution by riding on the plates of former supercontinents—this view is largely inspired by the belief that Pangaea lacked geographical or ecological barriers, or that extinctions and dispersal would have erased any biogeographic signal since the early Mesozoic. We here present a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of Onychophora (velvet worms), an ancient and exclusively terrestrial panarthropod group distributed throughout former Pangaean landmasses. Our data not only demonstrate that trans-oceanic dispersal does not need be invoked to explain contemporary distributions, but also reveal that the early diversification of the group pre-dates the break-up of Pangaea, maintaining regionalization even in landmasses that have remained contiguous throughout the history of the group. These results corroborate a growing body of evidence from palaeontology, palaeogeography and palaeoclimatic modelling depicting ancient biogeographic regionalization over the continuous landmass of Pangaea.

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De Baets, Kenneth, Alexandre Antonelli, and Philip C. J. Donoghue. "Tectonic blocks and molecular clocks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20160098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0098.

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Evolutionary timescales have mainly used fossils for calibrating molecular clocks, though fossils only really provide minimum clade age constraints. In their place, phylogenetic trees can be calibrated by precisely dated geological events that have shaped biogeography. However, tectonic episodes are protracted, their role in vicariance is rarely justified, the biogeography of living clades and their antecedents may differ, and the impact of such events is contingent on ecology. Biogeographic calibrations are no panacea for the shortcomings of fossil calibrations, but their associated uncertainties can be accommodated. We provide examples of how biogeographic calibrations based on geological data can be established for the fragmentation of the Pangaean supercontinent: (i) for the uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, (ii) the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana, and (iii) for the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Biogeographic and fossil calibrations are complementary, not competing, approaches to constraining molecular clock analyses, providing alternative constraints on the age of clades that are vital to avoiding circularity in investigating the role of biogeographic mechanisms in shaping modern biodiversity. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’.

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29

Friedman, Matt, Benjamin P. Keck, Alex Dornburg, et al. "Molecular and fossil evidence place the origin of cichlid fishes long after Gondwanan rifting." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1770 (2013): 20131733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1733.

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Cichlid fishes are a key model system in the study of adaptive radiation, speciation and evolutionary developmental biology. More than 1600 cichlid species inhabit freshwater and marginal marine environments across several southern landmasses. This distributional pattern, combined with parallels between cichlid phylogeny and sequences of Mesozoic continental rifting, has led to the widely accepted hypothesis that cichlids are an ancient group whose major biogeographic patterns arose from Gondwanan vicariance. Although the Early Cretaceous ( ca 135 Ma) divergence of living cichlids demanded by the vicariance model now represents a key calibration for teleost molecular clocks, this putative split pre-dates the oldest cichlid fossils by nearly 90 Myr. Here, we provide independent palaeontological and relaxed-molecular-clock estimates for the time of cichlid origin that collectively reject the antiquity of the group required by the Gondwanan vicariance scenario. The distribution of cichlid fossil horizons, the age of stratigraphically consistent outgroup lineages to cichlids and relaxed-clock analysis of a DNA sequence dataset consisting of 10 nuclear genes all deliver overlapping estimates for crown cichlid origin centred on the Palaeocene ( ca 65–57 Ma), substantially post-dating the tectonic fragmentation of Gondwana. Our results provide a revised macroevolutionary time scale for cichlids, imply a role for dispersal in generating the observed geographical distribution of this important model clade and add to a growing debate that questions the dominance of the vicariance paradigm of historical biogeography.

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30

Mo, Qiumei, Tao Sun, Hui Chen, Guohua Yu, and Lina Du. "Biogeographic Origin of Kurixalus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) on the East Asian Islands and Tempo of Diversification within Kurixalus." Animals 13, no. 17 (2023): 2754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13172754.

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The ancestral area of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands is under dispute, and two hypotheses exist, namely that distribution occurred only on the Asian mainland (scenario of dispersal) and that wide distribution occurred on both the Asian mainland and the East Asian islands (scenario of vicariance). In this study, we conducted biogeographic analyses and estimated the lineage divergence times based on the most complete sampling of species, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding on the origin of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands. Our results revealed that the process of jump dispersal (founder-event speciation) is the crucial process, resulting in the distribution of Kurixalus on the East Asian islands, and supported the model of the Asian mainland origin: that Kurixalus on the East Asian islands originated from the Asian mainland through two long-distance colonization events (jump dispersal), via the model of vicariance of a widespread ancestor on both the Asian mainland and the East Asian islands. Our results indicated that choices of historical biogeography models can have large impacts on biogeographic inference, and the procedure of model selection is very important in biogeographic analysis. The diversification rate of Kurixaus has slightly decreased over time, although the constant-rate model cannot be rejected.

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31

McIntyre, Sarah R. N., Charles H. Lineweaver, Colin P. Groves, and Aditya Chopra. "Global biogeography since Pangaea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1856 (2017): 20170716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0716.

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The break-up of the supercontinent Pangaea around 180 Ma has left its imprint on the global distribution of species and resulted in vicariance-driven speciation. Here, we test the idea that the molecular clock dates, for the divergences of species whose geographical ranges were divided, should agree with the palaeomagnetic dates for the continental separations. Our analysis of recently available phylogenetic divergence dates of 42 pairs of vertebrate taxa, selected for their reduced ability to disperse, demonstrates that the divergence dates in phylogenetic trees of continent-bound terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates are consistent with the palaeomagnetic dates of continental separation.

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32

Noonan, Gerald R. "Biogeography of North American and Mexican Insects, and a Critique of Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Zoology 37, no. 4 (1988): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992199.

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33

Wood, Hannah M., Siddharth Kulkarni, Martín J. Ramírez, and Nikolaj Scharff. "Phylogeny and biogeography support ancient vicariance and subsequent dispersal out of Africa in Palpimanidae spiders (Araneae)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202, no. 2 (2024): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129.

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Wood, Hannah M., Kulkarni, Siddharth, Ramírez, Martín J., Scharff, Nikolaj (2024): Phylogeny and biogeography support ancient vicariance and subsequent dispersal out of Africa in Palpimanidae spiders (Araneae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (2): 1-26, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129, URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae129

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34

Sober, Elliott. "The Conceptual Relationship of Cladistic Phylogenetics and Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Zoology 37, no. 3 (1988): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992371.

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35

Heads, Michael. "Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology." Telopea 10, no. 1 (2003): 311–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea20035621.

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36

Turner, Jefferson T. "Biogeography of Australasian Freshwater Centropagid Copepods: Vicariance or Dispersal?" Journal of Biogeography 18, no. 4 (1991): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845488.

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37

Kodandaramaiah, Ullasa. "Use of dispersal-vicariance analysis in biogeography - a critique." Journal of Biogeography 37, no. 1 (2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02221.x.

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38

Zink, Robert M., Rachelle C. Blackwell-Rago, and Fredrik Ronquist. "The shifting roles of dispersal and vicariance in biogeography." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267, no. 1442 (2000): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1028.

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39

Nelson, G., and P. Y. Ladiges. "Gondwana, vicariance biogeography and the New York School revisited." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2001): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00025.

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The many methods of biogeographic analysis proposed in recent years generate artefactual results that impede understanding, discovery and progress. Eliminating geographic paralogy from data reduces or eliminates artefactual interpretation. Recent cladistic studies of extant Nothofagus agree in showing only three informative nodes relevant to intercontinental relationships. In cladistic representations of global distributions, Gondwana is at or near the base of the geographically informative nodes, which force Gondwana to appear as a centre of origin of modern life in general. Centres of origin are artefacts of comparison based on geographically uninformative and paralogous nodes. Postmodern revivals of dispersalism fail to acknowledge, explain, avoid, learn from and improve on the artefactual centres of origin of the 20th century dispersalism, as represented particularly by the New York School: W. D. Matthew (1871–1930), K. P. Schmidt (1890–1957), G. G. Simpson (1902–1984), P. J. Darlington, Jr (1904–1983) and G. S. Myers (1905–1985).

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40

Sober, E. "The Conceptual Relationship of Cladistic Phylogenetics and Vicariance Biogeography." Systematic Biology 37, no. 3 (1988): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/37.3.245.

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41

Chatterjee, Helen J. "Phylogeny and Biogeography of Gibbons: A Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis." International Journal of Primatology 27, no. 3 (2006): 699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-006-9044-1.

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42

Grande, Lance. "The use of paleontology in systematics and biogeography, and a time control refinement for historical biogeography." Paleobiology 11, no. 2 (1985): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011544.

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Four main potential contributions of fossils to phylogenetic systematics and historical biogeography are (1) to provide additional taxa which (when sufficiently well preserved) can give new morphological and ontogenetic data in addition to those provided by Recent species; (2) to provide additional taxa which can increase the known biogeographic range of a taxon; (3) to help establish a minimum age for a taxon; and (4) to present fossil biotas that can be examined for biogeographic patterns not recognizable in younger (including the Recent) or older biotas.The first three points have been expressed or at least implied by other workers and are only briefly reviewed. The fourth point is proposed as a method of using fossil biotas to provide time controls to cladistic studies of historical biogeography. Previously, cladistic vicariance biogeographers have used fossil plus Recent biotas, or the Recent biota alone, for the geographic areas of study. Such investigations that lack any time control in the data base cannot effectively deal with areas that have complex histories as, for example, an earlier area of endemism in which area relationships are later complicated through the addition of exotic taxa by dispersal. By using time controls provided by fossil biotas, we may learn more about the relationships of areas with complex histories and may reveal biogeographical information that is sometimes unavailable through examination of the Recent biota.

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43

Costa, Wilson. "Historical biogeography of aplocheiloid killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)." Vertebrate Zoology 63, no. 2 (2013): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.63.e31419.

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Aplocheiloid killifishes, a diversified group of primary freshwater fishes occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and south-eastern Asia, have been the focus of debates among biogeographers using dispersal and vicariance approaches. The aim of the present paper is to infer biogeographical events responsible for the present distribution of aplocheiloid killifishes using an event-based methodology (DIVA) in conjunction to a phylogeny combining mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology. Optimal ancestral reconstructions support vicariance events chronologically congruent to northern Gondwana break-up, including separation of Madagascar, India, South America and Africa plates (about 121 – 84 Ma), as well as congruent to paleogeographical events within the Africa plate, such as the widening of the Benue Trough (about 90 – 80 Ma) and the start of activity of the East African Rift System (about 30 Ma), and within the South American plate, as the formation of Gaarland (about 35 – 33 Ma), uplift of the Andean Eastern Cordillera (11.8 Ma) and the interruption of the paleo-Amazonas river basin by the uplift of the Vaupés Swell (about 11 – 7 Ma). The reconstructions also support geodispersal events related to the colonization of the Greater Antilles (about 35 – 33 Ma) and Central America areas (3.7 – 3.4 Ma) by aplocheiloids through land connections, besides some dispersal events through the Zaire, East Africa, Amazon and Eastern Brazil areas.

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44

Costa, Wilson. "Historical biogeography of aplocheiloid killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)." Vertebrate Zoology 63 (August 29, 2013): 139–54. https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.63.e31419.

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Aplocheiloid killifishes, a diversified group of primary freshwater fishes occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and south-eastern Asia, have been the focus of debates among biogeographers using dispersal and vicariance approaches. The aim of the present paper is to infer biogeographical events responsible for the present distribution of aplocheiloid killifishes using an event-based methodology (DIVA) in conjunction to a phylogeny combining mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology. Optimal ancestral reconstructions support vicariance events chronologically congruent to northern Gondwana break-up, including separation of Madagascar, India, South America and Africa plates (about 121 – 84 Ma), as well as congruent to paleogeographical events within the Africa plate, such as the widening of the Benue Trough (about 90 – 80 Ma) and the start of activity of the East African Rift System (about 30 Ma), and within the South American plate, as the formation of Gaarland (about 35 – 33 Ma), uplift of the Andean Eastern Cordillera (11.8 Ma) and the interruption of the paleo-Amazonas river basin by the uplift of the Vaupés Swell (about 11 – 7 Ma). The reconstructions also support geodispersal events related to the colonization of the Greater Antilles (about 35 – 33 Ma) and Central America areas (3.7 – 3.4 Ma) by aplocheiloids through land connections, besides some dispersal events through the Zaire, East Africa, Amazon and Eastern Brazil areas.

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45

SÆTHER, OLE A., and EMMANUEL ADEOYE OYEWO. "Keys, phylogenies and biogeography of Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saeher (Diptera, Chironomidae)." Zootaxa 1806, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1806.1.1.

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Keys to the males of the 48 known species of the subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Sæther of Polypedilum Kieffer, and of the known pupae and larvae are presented. P. (U.) chubetudeeum Sasa et Suzuki is regarded as a synonym of P. (U.) aviceps Townes. Parsimony analyses show that the subgenus can be divided into four tentative main groups: the cultellatum group, the pedatum group, the albicorpum group, and the convictum group. Brooks parsimony analyses (BPA) and Bremer estimate was used to assess the geographic co-evolution and make comparisons with other subgenera. Dispersal via a Beringian connection between East Asia and the Nearctic Region is clear with further dispersal south to Guatemala and Peru more tenuous. There also are indications of connections between the Afrotropical region, South and East Asia, Australia and New Zealand. This may be direct dispersal by mean of floating detritus rather than Gondwanian vicariance as Polypedilum is common on several oceanic islands. The same distribution patterns are apparent in other subgenera as well as in other basal Chironomini. However, while there are no clear indication of vicariance between the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions in Uresipedilum such vicariance is evident in the subgenera Tripodura Townes and Cerobregma Oyewo et Sæther as well as in Nilothauma Kieffer.

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46

Nelson, Gareth. "A Decade of Challenge the Future of Biogeography." Earth Sciences History 4, no. 2 (1985): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.4.2.c347xp1671w4m0n0.

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According to Croizat's global synthesis, the main biogeographic patterns include trans-Atlantic, trans-Pacific, trans-Indoceanic, Boreal, and Austral. Geological and geophysical theories vary, but agree that sea-floor spreading in the Pacific is different in its effect from that in other ocean basins. The difference allows for radial expansion of the basin and not merely east-west displacement of continental areas. Biogeographic data suggest that bipolar (boreal + austral) distributions are to be reckoned among the results of sea-floor spreading in the Pacific. Data from one group of inshore fishes (family Engraulidae) exemplify this notion and add, as terminal parts of the differentiation of the Pacific Basin, trans-Panama marine vicariance and a collateral occurrence in freshwater of tropical South America. These findings corroborate Croizat's synthesis. They suggest that the critical evaluation of that synthesis will be the main task of biogeography over the next decade. They indicate that within the area of systematics, evaluation will require a cladistic approach and the elimination of paraphyletic groups from classification.

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47

Arteaga Avedaño, María Paula. "Escenarios posibles para la dispersión de las especies: en contra de la marea." Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento 8, no. 1 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v8.n1.12494.

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The Monkey's Voyage persuades readers to marvel at the history of biogeography, its major and minor exponents, the challenges it has gone through and the current objectives. Alan de Queiroz embarks on the explanation of the reasons why the vicariance became unquestionable and his mission is to argue why the findings that contradict it tend to have a bad reputation. For example, long-distance dispersion. The compilation of this book vindicates the integrative vision of biogeography. However, it must be recognized that as well as physiognomic explanations, possible integrative theories can also be enriched with behavioural explanations.

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48

Jovanovic, V., and Dragana Cvetkovic. "Implications of rbcL phylogeny for historical biogeography of genus Mercurialis L.: Estimating age and center of origin." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 3 (2010): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1003603j.

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The aim of this study was to address questions concerning the historical biogeography of the genus Mercurialis in the subfamily Acalyphoideae. Applying a molecular clock to obtained rbcL phylogeny, we estimated the minimal age of divergence of genus Mercurialis to ~65-66 Ma, placing it at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. We used ancestral area analysis and dispersal-vicariance analysis to infer the center of origin of the genus. Contrary to previous hypothesis, our results show that Mercurialis originated in Indomalaya and migrated westward, while the Mediterranean area was most probably the center of ecological diversification and further speciation. Evolutionary events of vicariance and dispersals were reconstructed in a proposed scenario of divergence of Mercurialis within Acalyphoideae. .

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Mayden, Richard L. "Vicariance Biogeography, Parsimony, and Evolution in North American Freshwater Fishes." Systematic Zoology 37, no. 4 (1988): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992197.

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Cracraft, Joel, and Robert L. Shipp. "Vicariance Biogeography: Theory, Methods, and Applications: Introduction to the Symposium." Systematic Zoology 37, no. 3 (1988): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992368.

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