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Rawson, Katherine W. "A Tale of Two Vicars: Thomas Stothard's and Thomas Rowlandson's Illustrations of "The Vicar of Wakefield"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626171.
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Fraser, Christopher J. "Vicars forane instruments of diocesan communio /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com.
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Bruna, Reverter Salvador. "El Sofriment Vicari en Graham Greene i en els Escriptors Francesos del Catholic Revival." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/131228.
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El Catholic revival a Europa, al qual pertanyen autors francesos com Barbey, Bloy, Huysmans, Péguy, Claudel, Bernanos i Mauriac, va ser originàriament una literatura neoromántica i decadentista, directament oposada a la primacia de la filosofia de la Il•lustració i a la doctrina antireligiosa de la Revolució francesa. Aquests escriptors empraren hàbilment la novel•la catòlica per contrarestar el pensament positivista i per mostrar que el catolicisme era una alternativa filosòfica, política i artística a la davallada religiosa dels temps moderns..
Graham Greene emfasitzà els temes de la novel•la catòlica francesa, descrits per David Lodge: la idea del pecador en el cor de la Cristiandat, la crítica del materialisme, la caça incansable de l’ànima esgarriada per part de Déu i la substitució mística o sofriment vicari. Aquest últim tema, totalment contrari a la saviesa de l’humanisme racionalista que intenta resoldre tots els problemes sense Déu, suposa sempre l’existència d’un món malmès per la caiguda de l’home, on el mal només pot ser vençut adreçant-se a l’Invisible a través del que és visible. De fet, no és infreqüent que l’argument de les novel•les catòliques desenvolupi ortodoxament la transferència del sofriment que fa una persona per salvar una altra, en virtut de la participació en la substitució mística de Crist a la creu. Tanmateix, Greene volgué dur aquesta idea a l’extrem, forçant-la fins a les últimes possibilitats dramàtiques; per això, aportà una nova veu a les tècniques de la ficció catòlica: una veu de dubte, de controvèrsia i d’ironia, que bandeja la certesa i la creença en els mitjans eficaços que menen inevitablement a la salvació o a la damnació.
Aquesta tesi examina el sofriment vicari en l’obra de Greene, que esdevé més heterodox que les dels autors francesos. Els herois reticents i marginats de les seves novel•les, malgrat la manca aparent d’imaginació, emoció i disponibilitat interior que sembla paralitzar-los –com, per exemple, Rose en Brighton Rock, del capellà en The Power and the Glory, el dissortat Scobie de Heart of the Matter, Sarah en The End of the Affair i fins i tot Querry en A Burnt-Out Case–, acompleixen de sobte uns actes sublims de compassió. Accepten lliurament oferir la vida, la fe, la pau, l’amor o la salvació eterna a canvi d’evitar mals físics i espirituals a uns altres personatges, tan pobres i desarrelats com ells mateixos. En aquest sentit, el sofriment vicari en la ficció de Greene mira de posar a prova literàriament “l’espantosa raresa de la misericòrdia de Déu”.<br>El Catholic revival en Europa, al cual pertenecen Barbey, Bloy, Huysmans, Péguy, Claudel, Bernanos y Mauriac, entre otros autores, nació en Francia bajo la forma de un nuevo romanticismo decadentista, que se presentó como una reacción contra la corriente mayoritaria de la filosofía de la Ilustración y las doctrinas opuestas a la religión de la Revolución francesa. Tales escritores crearon una literatura para contrarrestar el pensamiento positivista y defender eficazmente el catolicismo como una alternativa al declive religioso de su época.
El escritor inglés Graham Greene puso especial énfasis en los temas de la novela católica francesa, estudiados por David Lodge: la idea del pecador en el centro de la Cristiandad, la crítica del materialismo, la incansable caza divina del alma extraviada y la substitución mística o sufrimiento vicario, concepto clave para combatir el racionalismo humanista ateo. En efecto, esta teoría afirma que hay un mundo casi totalmente corrompido por el pecado del hombre, donde el mal sólo puede ser erradicado apelando a lo Invisible a través de lo que es visible. En realidad, el argumento de algunas novelas católicas es conforme a la ortodoxia de esta doctrina, ya que el protagonista acepta libremente sufrir por otros personajes, participando así en la substitución mística de Cristo en la cruz. No obstante, Greene desarrolla esta idea hasta el límite, apurando perversamente sus posibilidades, con lo cual introduce, en la novela católica, la duda, la sospecha y la ironía donde antes había la certeza y la creencia en los medios eficaces para lograr salvarse o condenarse irreversiblemente.
Esta tesis examina el sufrimiento vicario en la ficción de Greene, muy heterodoxo en relación al de los autores católicos franceses. Sus héroes reticentes y marginados, pese a la aparente pasividad, por su escasa imaginación, emoción y disponibilidad interior, realizan inesperadamente actos sublimes. Así, Rose en Brighton Rock, el sacerdote en The Power and the Glory, el desgraciado Scobie de The Heart of the Matter, Sarah en The End of the Affair e incluso Querry en A Burnt-Out Case se prestan a dar la vida, la fe, la paz, el amor o la salvación eterna a cambio de suprimir el mal físico o espiritual que padecen otros personajes de sus novelas católicas, No es erróneo afirmar que el sufrimiento vicario en su ficción constituye un reto literario al “carácter terriblemente extraño de la misericordia de Dios”.<br>The Catholic revival in Europe –Barbey, Bloy, Huysmans, Péguy, Claudel, Bernanos, and Mauriac– originated in the neoromantic and decadent form of French literature as a reaction against the dominant discourse of Enlightenment philosophy and the antireligious doctrines of the French Revolution. These writers made the Catholic novel into an accomplished literary form which opposed positivist thought and defended Catholicism as a powerful philosophical, political and artistic alternative to the state of religious decline in modernity.
Graham Greene comes close to dramatizing the themes of the French Catholic novel elucidated by David Lodge: the idea of the sinner at the heart of Christianity, the criticism of materialism, the tireless pursuit of the erring soul by God and the mystical substitution or vicarious suffering. Unlike the wisdom of rationalist humanism which aims at solving all the problems without God, the concept of the vicarious suffering involves always a world based on the fall of man, where evils can be overcome by accessing the Invisible through the visible. In fact, the dramatic action of some Catholic novels develops into an orthodox way this doctrine of substituting oneself for the sake of the other, a participation in Christ’s mystical substitution on the cross. However, Greene explores this idea in the extreme, maliciously pushing it to its ultimate dramatic potential; that’s why he brought a new voice to the techniques of the French Catholic novel: a voice of doubt, questioning and irony, as opposed to the certainty and belief in efficacious means that led ineluctably to salvation or damnation.
This thesis examines Greene’s views on the mystical substitution or vicarious suffering, which are more unorthodox than those of French novelists. In spite of an apparent lack of imagination, emotion and inner availability which seems to paralyze the reluctant and outsider heroes of his novels –such as Rose in Brighton Rock, the priest in The Power and the Glory, the unfortunate Scobie in The Heart of the Matter, Sarah in The End of the Affair, and even Querry in A Burnt-Out Case–, these main characters carry out unexpected and sublime acts of compassion. They offer the loss of life, faith, peace, love or eternal salvation in exchange for avoiding physical or spiritual evils to other people, who are poor and rootless too. In one sense, vicarious suffering in Greene’s fiction tries to test literarily “the appalling strangeness of the mercy of God”.
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Mendonça, Maria Álvaro. "Whose victory?: the conflict between philosophical scepticism and belief in Conrad's Victory." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106155.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1981.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T19:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
321897.pdf: 3758833 bytes, checksum: f5641018a4ec5d61ef01aaeb4814b8a0 (MD5)
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Kambeitz, Nikolas. "The days of victory /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29567.
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The Days of Victory is a piece of music for a chamber orchestra of sixteen players, approximately thirteen minutes in duration. The accompanying analytical essay provides an extensive general description of its systems of pitch organization, and a more specific account of their operation in this piece. These systems function by linking dyads together to create a harmonic language that favours asymmetrical chord formations. Also included is an outline of its form, which uses four contrasting types of sections in recurrence. The essay comments on the stylistic tendencies of the piece in terms of rhythm, texture, and orchestration. This is followed by a brief exploration of the aesthetic implications of the music in relation to its title, which is drawn from a short excerpt of the Koran.
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Vaughan, John R. "The vicar general in the 1983 Code of canon law compared to the 1917 Code of canon law." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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Stamp, Douglas P. "The role of the vicar for religious a canonical investigation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Shepherd, Roger El. "Victory in Christ in Revelation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Hinostroza, Sonatore Francisca Belén, and Novoa Magdalena Marchant. "Las mujeres de la Vicaría." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150596.
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Dolan, Thomas Michael Jr. "Declaring Victory and Admitting Defeat." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1245285414.
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Jay, Sarah 1986. "Vickery Meadow Community Needs Assessment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699942/.
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This study represents a community needs assessment conducted for Trans.lation Vickery Meadow, a community-based organization in a North Dallas community, Vickery Meadow. Vickery Meadow is a community where refugee resettlement agencies place incoming clients, and therefore, there is a focus on immigrants and refugees in this study. Using theoretical conceptions of development, immigration policy, and the refugee resettlement process, this project measured residential perceptions of Vickery Meadow, the operations of Trans.lation Vickery Meadow, and overall community needs. Also included are perceptions of Trans.lation Vickery Meadow members concerning community needs and the operations of Trans.lation. Recommendations are made based upon research and conclusions from fieldwork.
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Nordberg, Rickard. "Subliminal priming : Manipulation till att välja en specifik kulör på plastpåse." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24822.
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Primad information är lättare tillgängligt i minnet och kan således lättare bli igenkänt. Förutsättningar för priming är bland annat subliminal perception, mål, tillförlitlighet, icke vaksamt och icke vanemässigt. Studiens syfte är att få bredare förståelse gällande subliminal primings påverkan. Frågeställningen var om kunder i en affär kan manipuleras, primas, till att ta en specifik kulör på plastpåse vid kassan samt om det finns någon könsskillnad vid effekten av priming. Deltagarna var 490 kunder, varav 333 män. Två olika skyltar med olika kulörer placerades vid kassan. Det noterades om kunderna valde den primade kulören på plastpåse eller inte. Kontrollgruppen bestod av 117 personer och dessa fick inte se någon skylt. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad, deltagarna valde samma kulör på plastpåse som skylten. Inga könsskillnader påträffades. Forskning visar att primingeffekter kan motstridas genom att individen gör sig medveten av potentiell omedveten påverkan.<br>Primed information is more accessible in memory and can thus easily be recognized. Prerequisites for priming include subliminal perception, goals, reliability, non alert and non habitually. The study aims to gain broader understanding regarding subliminal primings influence. The purpose of this thesis was to see whether the customers in a store could be manipulated, primed, to take a specific colour on plastic bags at checkout and if there are any gender differences in the effect of priming. Participants were 490 customers, of whom 333 men. Two different signs with different colours were placed at the checkout. It was noted if customers chose the primed colour of the plastic bag or not. The results showed a significant difference, the participants chose the same colour on the plastic bag as the sign. No gender differences were found. Research shows that priming effects can be opposed if people make themselves aware of potential unconscious influences.
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Zaidi, Mohammad I. "The conduct of war and the notion of victory : a theory and definition of victory." Thesis, department of Applied Science and Resilience, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4684.
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Clausewitz described military victory as a condition where the enemy‘s ability to enter battle, resist or resume hostilities is destroyed. The concept summarises the paradigm of success that preceded Clausewitz and survived through much of the 20th century. Despite increasingly paradoxical outcomes in the last century and the current one, military planners, strategists and statesmen sought answers for failures in different places, only a few questioned the validity of the notion of victory that Clausewitz had so veritably summarised. The fundamental question that begs an answer is ‗what is victory?‘
The rapid transformation in society and international culture has brought with it changes in geo-political and geo-economic relationships as well as warfare. While the traditional linkages between war and politics remain, the mechanisms driving these have altered. In less than absolute wars, it is the wider bargain and the stakes in that bargain that make the ‗enemy do our will‘ and not purely an inability to enter battle, resist or resume hostilities. The new complexities surrounding war and diplomacy necessitate an organising theory to make better sense of policy and action. This research provides one such theory.
War is ultimately a violent clash of societies and its character a reflection of opposing cultures, history and experiences. An external dimension to strategy is thus always at work even if not fully recognised; as is often the case. Such un-factored influences create a sort of volatility in victory and defeat adding new challenges while offering opportunities at the same time. Similarly, diplomacy, which invariably precedes and succeeds coercive or compelling use of violence, too is fettered by such external influences.
A bivariate approach that triangulates desired ends with the opposing notions of success and perception of defeat is argued. The theory presented encapsulates traditional precepts, adds new ones and simplifies the complexities that have come to surround victory in contemporary times. Offered here are some valuable ingredient to flavour any strategic recipe, not just war and conflict. The eternal challenge of calibrating means and ends needed more systematic awareness of functional and dominant domains of victory which is arguably possible through application of simple principles. The theory potentially allows for a more focused, proportionate, efficient and productive use of power. It is hoped that strategists and analysts alike, would find here new concepts and tools for use in praxis, perspective planning and retrospective analyses.
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Hevin, Lucie Hatzfeld Nicolas Loubet Jean-Louis. "Divorcer sous Vichy." [S.l.] : [S.n.], 2009. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/memoires/2009/interne/2009_MM2_Histoire_Hevin.pdf.
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Foster, Douglas John. "Social entrepreneurship, private professionalism, or something more sacred? : character, self and the Church of England in late modernity." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343343.
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Tojo, Bunji. "Heterochronic morphological variation and predatory drillholes on the shells of Vicarya yokoyamai (Gastropoda)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149998.
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Vallar, Christian. "Vichy : traditionalisme et technocratie." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0003.
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Le régime de Vichy se présente tel un Janus. "Triomphe" de la réaction, il est aussi avènement de la technocratie, qui réclame le pouvoir pour la compétence. Ces deux courants, présents à Vichy, entretiennent des relations contradictoires. Ils convergent sur l'établissement d'un état autoritaire, d'inspiration monarchique, et reposant sur une fonction publique rénovée et des collectivités territoriales reformées dans le sens de l'autorité et de l'efficacité. Cette dernière l'emporte lorsqu'il s'agit de rénover la société civile. Les enjeux de l'économique et du social portent sur la nature de la construction de la société à venir. Le dirigisme et le syndicalisme éliminent les espoirs corporatistes des traditionalistes, qui assistent impuissants à la victoire des technocrates, lies au néo-capitalisme et favorables à l’Europe allemande.
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Boyd, Richard A. "Parochial vicars a comparison between the Code of 1917 and the Code of 1983 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0645.
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Bewick, William James Gordon. "The Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar, Rousseau's lesson for the Legislator." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59711.pdf.
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Rusková, Ivana. "Internetový marketing pro značku Vichy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85896.
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The aim of the Master's Thesis is on the basis of the analysis used to identify the weaknesses of the Internet marketing tools of the Vichy brand with focusing on the brand Normaderm and to make recommendations in terms of future campaigns. The first part begins with general information about the brand Vichy and the brand Normaderm. The second part describes the various tools that the Vichy brand uses, followed by detailed analysis of tools utilized in two marketing campaigns for the Normaderm brand. Marketing tools are evaluated from the perspective of an ordinary user and from the perspective of marketer. In the thesis there are used data extracted from internal advertising and measuring systems of L'Oreal. The final part of the work discusses the current state of the Internet marketing of the brands Vichy and Normaderm and formulates recommendations for the future.
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Bláhová, Zuzana. "Analýza produktového portfolia značky Vichy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193232.
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This thesis analyzes product mix and marketing mix of the brand Vichy in the Czech market of dermocosmetics. The thesis is based on the method of scientific description and analysis. The conclusions are the main output of this work. The first part is theoretical and serves as a base for a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the most important aspects related to the marketing mix analysis and portfolio analysis. The brand Vichy, market, industry of dermocosmetics and target audience are introduced in the practical part. This part also deals with several analyses (SWOT, marketing mix, brand portfolio, sales) with focus on the skin care product category. The practical part contains specific recommendations based on marketing and market analyses in the previous chapters.
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Eriksson, Josefin. "Johan Axel Björkman och P.A. Björkman : Två prostarkiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175440.
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This essay has its background in the work I’ve been conducting organizing and cataloging two personal archives concerning the life and work of two vicars, Johan Axel Björkman and P.A. Björkman. The time span of the papers stretches from 1823 to 1982. The main problems I’ve been confronted with during this work have to do with respecting provenance and original order. I discuss these principles in relation to the experiences I’ve had with the vicar archives as well as to the special character of personal archives in general. I also discuss the use of Martin Grass’ scheme for personal archives. The essay constitutes my one year master’s thesis in archival science.
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Riches, Naomi. "Venus Victory : The warrior woman & narrative verse." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536479.
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Rutkowski, Michael. "An Examination of Victory Seeker Use and Recidivism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5580.
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The current study extended earlier findings about the RealVictory program by using a larger sample and by examining Victory Seeker phone use in more detail. Using a sample of 144 juveniles, it was found that as the number of calls answered increased, the likelihood of a rearrest and the number of rearrests decreased slightly but the differences were not statistically significant. However, as the number of calls increased, the likelihood of a felony rearrest decreased significantly and the total number of felony arrests decreased significantly. These findings suggest that Victory Seeker may be a useful tool to reinforce and provide follow-up after treatment.
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NOGUEIRA, ELISA MARIA COSTA. "WINNING EXPERIENCES: VICTORY AS A MEAN OF COMPENSATION?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32631@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Consumidores que se identificam como tendo menos poder em relação a outros indivíduos, em determinada situação social, tendem a engajar-se em alguma forma de consumo compensatório, para eliminar a sensação aversiva (RUCKER; GALINSKY, 2008). Baseado em evidências na literatura de que um estado psico-lógico de baixo poder aumenta o desejo de adquirir produtos relacionados a status, este estudo tem como propósito verificar se experiências de consumo que conferem de status, como vencer uma corrida de rua, podem ser forma de consumo compensatório para indivíduos em estado de baixo poder. Ademais, este efeito compensatório deve ser mais intenso para eventos de corrida prestigiados. Medindo os estados de alto e de baixo poder por manipulação episódica e por classe social conforme o Critério Brasil (ABEP) e o valor atribuído para a experiência por horas de treinamento, três estudos são realizados. O Estudo 1 com 304 corredores testa a hipótese de compensação para indivíduos em estado de baixo poder. O Estudo 2, com 247 corredores, refina o Estudo 1, utilizando como variável de controle o nível de treinamento dos corredores amadores, em linha com o modelo PCM. O Estudo 3, com 312 corredores, testa o processo compensatório em corri-das de alto e de baixo prestígio. Os resultados obtidos não permitem considerar que experiências de vencer possam ser forma de consumo compensatório. Por outro lado, foi observado maior valor atribuído para a experiência de vencer por corredores em estado de alto poder relativamente aos corredores em estado de baixo poder. Pesquisas futuras são necessárias para investigar as motivações dos corredores em estado de alto poder. Como contribuição, este estudo permite um novo olhar para consumo de atividades esportivas, ao considerar a influência dos estados de poder nas decisões de consumo.<br>Consumers who identify themselves as having less power in relation to other individuals in a given social situation tend to engage in some form of compensatory consumption to eliminate aversive feelings (RUCKER; GALINSKY, 2008). Based on the literature evidence that a low-power psychological state increases the desire to acquire status-related products, this study aims to verify how status-related consumption experiences, such as winning a running event, may be a form of compensatory consumption for low-power individuals. In addition, it is expected that this compensatory effect should be more intense for high prestige running events when compared to low prestige events. Three studies were conducted measuring the states of high and low-power by episodic manipulation and by social class according to the Critério Brasil (ABEP), and the allocation of resources by hours of training. Study 1, with 304 runners, tests the hypothesis of compensation for low-power individuals. Study 2, with 247 runners, refines Study 1, using the level of training of amateur runners as a control variable, in line with the PCM model. Study 3, with 312 runners, tests the compensatory process for both high and low prestige events. The results obtained suggest that the experience of winning might not necessarily be a form of compensatory consumption. Nevertheless, runners in a state of high power demonstrated a greater allocation of resources than those in a low state of power. Therefore, future research is needed to investigate the motivations of individuals in a state of high power. As a contribution, this study offers a new perspective on the phenomenon of running events through the influence of states of power.
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Diaz, Heather. "Ploughshares as swords: gardening for victory and meaning." Thesis, Boston University, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/28561.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>2031-01-02
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Jackson, Colin F. (Colin Francis). "Defeat in victory : organizational learning dysfunction in counterinsurgency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53077.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Two puzzles dominate the study of organizational learning and counterinsurgency. First, militaries often struggle to develop effective strategies to address the problem of counterinsurgency. Second, their strategic performance seldom improves over successive counterinsurgency campaigns. This study offers a theoretical explanation for these dominant patterns of learning dysfunction. It argues that a set of closely held, professional beliefs - the military operational code - and bureaucratic preferences distort the organizations' initial response, subsequent adaptation and interwar retention. The military operational code leads militaries to misunderstand counterinsurgency in a systematic and debilitating fashion; bureaucratic interests lead them to reject the most effective strategies once they have been uncovered. When militaries manage to break with this dysfunctional pattern, it because their professional judgment is constrained; high civilian participation and/or resource scarcity force often force militaries to adopt political strategies that are less congenial but more effective in restoring state authority. This study tests the theory against six empirical cases: Indochina, the Indochina-Algeria interlude, Algeria, British Palestine, Malaya, and Thailand. These cases strongly suggest that the dysfunctional learning patterns are the product of broadly shared, professional beliefs and bureaucratic interests rather than the common, alternative explanations based on experience, culture or normative and material constraints.<br>by Colin F. Jackson.<br>Ph.D.
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Moate, Gerard Grigglestone. "William Burkitt (1650-1703), vicar and lecturer of Dedham : his life, library and legacy." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606546.
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This is a study of William Burkitt (1650-1703), Vicar and Lecturer of Dedham; his life, library and legacy. A son of an ejected Puritan minister, Burkitt became a conforming Reformed clergyman of the Church of England. This thesis examines the part that patrimony and education played in Burkitt's formation, ministry and legacy to consider why he became known for his moderation, tolerance and charity. Burkitt bequeathed a large parochial library which remained intact for two centuries before being dispersed. Historians of the book and historical bibliographers have mourned not only its loss but that what was lost became unknown. Re-discovered bibliographical manuscripts have been used to create a catalogue of what once existed. Other manuscripts by Burkitt are here given scholarly consideration for the first time; through this the academic and spiritual hinterland of his times will be better seen. Local and particular in approach, yet a kind of 'qualitative change' will be seen here with greater clarity. Burkitt wrote books that were among the most widely read in Britain and North America during the first century after his death. Now largely forgotten, even by students of early modem history, this thesis examines how Burkitt's books were once valued, considers why they fell from favour, and reflects on whether such amnesia is deserved. Reformed parochial clergy have been considered to have had only a marginal effect upon the Church in the latter part of the seventeenth century; this thesis challenges that assumption, offering a fresh insight into the importance of such ministers during these years. From all the divisions, conflicts and disasters of the period, England emerged a stronger and more confident nation. This thesis, with a magnification of Burkitt's ministry and its changes and continuities on the Essex-Suffolk border, will help to show how such transformation was made possible.
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Albarrán, Martínez Guillermo, Olguín Felipe Araya, and Johnson Felipe Bertin. "Los archivos de la fundación de documentación y archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad. Vicaría de la Solidaridad como fuente histórica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110359.
Full textAbstract:
Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Historia.<br>Esta investigación realizada en el Seminario de grado “Los archivos de la Fundación de Documentación y Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad. Vicaría de la Solidaridad como fuentes histórica”, examina a través de tres temáticas distintas, el tema de la represión durante el régimen militar en Chile entre los años 1973-1990, centrando la atención en algunos de los aspectos más substanciales de esta represión, y como ésta afectó a distintos grupos de la sociedad chilena.
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Hammarlund, Martin. "The Perception of Victory : Comparing the G.W. Bush Administration’s Official Rhetoric of Victory in the Years of the Global War on Terror." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-3467.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is set out with the purpose to investigate the potential shifts in how victory is presented in the duration of contemporary conflicts. The argumentation is focused on how democratic states, involved in wars, seem to announce different statements regarding victory in its outreach to its inhabitants. This paper will study the case of the American administration of George W. Bush, who initiated and ruled during the first years in the Global War on Terror. By investigating the seven annual State of the Union speeches in a combined quantitative–qualitative method, with Martel’s theoretical framework on victory, the analysis searched after such potential shifts or static usage of the linguistics approach to victory. The answer to the stated research question according to the study conducted by this author is that the publicly announced implications of victory have been subjected to an ongoing shift during the examined time period.
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Křížová, Anna. "Vichy v zrcadle svědomí francouzského národa." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10978.
Full textAbstract:
During the Second World War France was divided into occupied and unoccupied zone. The unoccupied zone was ruled by autonomous regime with official seat in the town of Vichy. Representatives of the Vichist regime collaborated with the Nazis and carried out anti-Jewish policy. After the war General de Gaulle, in order to establish unity, declared the Vichist regime invalid. After the French society was cleared of the war collaborators the Vichy episode was erased from the history of France At the beginning of the seventies in France began to appear tendencies to search the real course of the war occupation period. Shooting the film Le Chagrin et la Pitié or editing the French translation of Rober Paxton's book La France de Vichy may serve as examples. Since the early nineties French intellectuals tried to persuade political representatives to recognize officially the responsibility of France for Vichy crimes. This act was done by President Jacques Chirac in 1995. Simultaneously with discussions on the Vichist past a struggle for fair punishment of war collaborators for crimes against humanity was going on in the French society. Paul Touvier, former militiamen, was sentenced in 1994 and Maurice Papon, former official of the Vichist regime, in 1998.
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Haas, Valérie. "Mémoires, identités et représentations socio-spatiales d'une ville, le cas de Vichy : étude du poids de l'histoire politique et touristique dans la construction de l'image de la ville par ses habitants." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0021.
Full textAbstract:
Le present travail porte sur un certain nombre de processus en jeu dans la construction de l'image urbaine par ses habitants. Dans ce cadre, nous nous interessons a la ville de vichy ayant servi de capitale provisoire au gouvernement du marechal petain pendant la seconde guerre mondiale et associee depuis, par son seul nom, a une periode noire de notre histoire nationale. Ce lieu de memoire, au double sens du terme (vichy la ville et la periode de vichy) se prete a l'articulation theorique de trois notions principales : l'espace, la memoire et l'identite. Dans cet axe de recherche, nous presentons a la fois l'importante tradition theorique d'etudes des images de l'environnement urbain mais aussi la difficile question du role de la memoire sociale et/ou collective dans ce qu'elle mediatisede l'identite des habitants. Dans ce sens, nous tentons d'evaluer le poids du passe de la cite - reperable a travers son histoire - et depose sous forme de memoire au travers des representations que les vichyssois ont de leur ville. Nous etudions conjointement les activites et les pratiques de creation ou de << recreation >> de l'histoire, dans un espace devenant a la fois support materiel et symbolique de la memoire des individus qui y resident. Le caractere multidimensionnel de notre etude nous a amene a deployer diverses methodologies, issues tant de la psychologie sociale que de diverses sciences humaines (histoire, sociologie, etudes urbaines). Deux modes de recueil de donnees ont ete choisis : l'un qualitatif (entretiens, observations), l'autre quantitatif (cartes cognitives, associatives, panel de photographies, questionnaire). Les principaux resultats font ressortir que les vichyssois ont tendance a survaloriser l'image de leur ville, a mettre en place un processus compensatoire qui tend a remplacer l'image honteuse du gouvernement vichyste par celle glorieuse de napoleon iii et ce, dans le but de compenser l'image negative qu'ils donnent a voir a l'exterieur et que nous apparentons a un stigmate symbolique. Ce travail pluridisciplinaire nous permet de saisir dans le contexte particulier de vichy, la construction ou reconstruction de l'image et de l'histoire de la ville par ses habitants, la memoire rattachee a certains lieux urbains et une identite de lieux, que l'on peut qualifier de negative.
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Robles, Jiménez Francisco Javier. "Essays on assignment markets: Vickrey outcome and Walrasian Equilibrium." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404095.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is devoted mainly to the study of assignment problems in two- sided markets. The thesis is divided into three parts. The underlying objective of this division is to provide different perspectives to the analysis of allocations of indivisible objects. Essentially, we explore three distinct processes to determine allocations: the Walrasian economy in which trades are regulated by a system of prices and budget constraints, the cooperative game of exchange among coalitions of the traders, and a noncooperative approach.
The second chapter of this thesis, One-seller assignment markets: core and Walrasian equilibrium is devoted to the study of markets in which there is a single seller and many buyers. The seller is the owner of multiple indivisible objects and these could be heterogeneous, e.g., houses, cars. On the other side of the market, every buyer wants to purchase a fixed amount of objects. The aim of this chapter is to study the relationship between the core of the cooperative game (see e.g., Peleg and Sudhölter, 2007) associated with the market and the set of Walrasian equilibria of the market. In general, it has been shown that in generalizations of the assignment game (Shapley and Shubik, 1972), the core and the set of payoff vectors associated with Walrasian equilibria do not coincide (see e.g., Massó and Neme, 2014). Our first result shows that the cooperative game associated with the market is buyers-submodular (Ausubel and Milgrom, 2001). As a consequence, the core is non-empty and it has a lattice structure. The most important result of this chapter offers a characterization of the coincidence between the core and the set of payoff vectors associated with the Walrasian equilibria.
In the third chapter, An implementation of the Vickrey outcome with gross- substitutes, we analyze exchanges in markets with only one seller and many buyers. The seller owns a finite set of indivisible objects on sale. In this chapter, we assume that each buyer has a valuation in terms of money for each package of objects on sale. In fact, we impose a monotonic property and the Gross-substitutes condition (see e.g., Gul and Stacchetti, 1999). The purpose of this chapter is to study the strategic behavior of agents in a non- cooperative environment under the assumption of complete information. The chapter provides a non-cooperative game or mechanism in which each
buyer makes a purchase offer to the seller. Then, the seller responds by selecting an allocation and a price for each package to be assigned. We show that every Subgame Perfect Nash equilibrium of the mechanism leads to a Vickrey outcome (see e.g., Vickrey, 1978 and Milgrom, 2004). That is, the allocation of the objects is efficient and each buyer receives a payoff equivalent to his marginal contribution to the whole market.
In the last chapter, Axioms for the minimum Walrasian equilibrium in assignment problems with unitary demands, we consider a group of buyers who wish to purchase items on sale. In particular, each buyer can acquire at most one object and has a preference over pairs formed by an indivisible object and money. Essentially, the domain of preferences considered in this chapter includes the domain of quasi-linear preferences. It is assumed that an institution will determine a rule for the assignment of objects. Of course, a fundamental question is how to allocate the objects? In previous works such as Demange and Gale (1985) and Morimoto and Serizawa (2015), it is shown that the minimum Walrasian equilibrium as an allocation rule satisfies outstanding properties such as envy-freeness and strategy- proofness. In this chapter, we provide a new characterization for the rule that selects minimum Walrasian equilibrium in both domains, general and quasi-linear preferences.
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Fritz, Paul Brian. "Prudence in victory the management of defeated great powers /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150143109.
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Butler, Josh R. "Triune impassibility the assured victory of the suffering persons /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p004-0119.
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Muenchow, Jonathan C. "National principles of war : guiding national power to victory /." Norfolk, Va. : Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA451249.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S. in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy)--Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2006.<br>Vita. "26 May 2006." "National Defense Univ Norfolk VA"--DTIC cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-73). Also available via the Internet.
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PINTO, HENRIQUE RODRIGUES. "MILLÔR FERNANDES: THE HUMOR S VICTORY OVER THE ESTABLISHED." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3535@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O humor é visto geralmente como característica de
diversas
manifestações culturais do povo brasileiro. O presente
trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar o humor como uma
modalidade de expressão literária, explorando como estudo
de caso a obra de Millôr Fernandes. Partindo do
pressuposto
de que o humor é dotado de propriedades críticas, a
investigação busca entendê-lo como um agente de
questionamento das verdades estabelecidas, considerando
os
referenciais sociais e históricos definidores do que é ou
não risível. Os aspectos lingüístico, religioso e político
são observados na obra de Millôr Fernandes como exemplos
de
transgressão humorística.<br>The humor is generally seen as characteristic of several cultural manifestations of the Brazilian people. The
present work has the objective of investigating the humor as a modality of literary expression, exploring as case study Millôr Ferna ndes work. Taking to account that the humor is endowed with critical properties, the
investigation looks to understand it as a way of objecting to the established truths, considering the social and
historical references which define what can be laughable or not. The linguistic, religious and political aspects are observed in Millôr Fernandes work as examples of humorous transgression.
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Fritz, Paul. "Prudence in victory: the management of defeated great powers." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1150143109.
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Mills, Jeffrey P. "No Path to Victory: MACV in Vietnam 1964-1968." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1447944820.
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Harwood, Joanne. "Disguising ritual : a re-assessment of Part 3 of the Codex Mendoza." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390990.
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Süss, Vicky [Verfasser]. "Zelluläre Adaptationsmechanismen in episodischer Hypoxie / Vicky Süss." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228860084/34.
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Tournier, Frederique. "Les avatars de la memoire de Vichy." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322082.
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Iancu, Michaël. "Vichy et les Juifs : l'exemple de l'Hérault /." Montpellier : Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41244805p.
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Abzac-Epezy, Claude d'. "L'armée de l'air de Vichy : 1940-1944 /." Vincennes : Service historique de l'armée de l'air, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36181723v.
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Abzac-Epezy, Claude d'. "L'armée de l'air de Vichy : 1940-1944." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010637.
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Les conventions d'armistice signées en juin 1940 exigeaient la disparition de l'armée de l'air. Cependant, les affaires de mers El-Kebir et de Dakar amènent sa survie provisoire, car Hitler souhaite que les français soient en mesure de défendre leur neutralité en Afrique, face aux attaques aériennes anglaises et gaullistes. Les années 1940-1942 voient donc une remontée en puissance de cette armée, marquée par trois phases de réarmement à la suite de Montoire, des protocoles de Paris et de l'entrevue de Saint Florentin. En avril 1942, elle rassemble 80 000 hommes. Les combats avec les alliés culminent avec l'affaire de Syrie en mai-juillet 1941 et le débarquement en Afrique du nord, le 8 novembre 1942. Par la suite, les allemands et les italiens saisissent les avions français de métropole, mais l'armée de l'air ne disparait pas. Elle survit sous la forme d'une armée de défense aérienne, 17 000 hommes contrôlées par la luftwaffe, et chargés de la lutte à terre contre l'aviation alliée. À la libération, après une épuration bâclée, ces hommes s'intègrent aux forces aériennes françaises venues d’Afrique du nord et participent avec eux aux combats de la victoire. Cette étude apporte des éléments pour la compréhension des rapports militaires franco-allemands et pour l'histoire de la collaboration militaire d'état, elle permet aussi de se pencher sur les mécanismes d'adhésion à l'état français au sein des forces militaires. L'exploitation des archives du service historique de l'armée de l'air, et de plus de deux cents interviews, montre à quel point, chez la grande majorité dès l'armée de l'air, l'adhésion à la révolution nationale était très forte mais la perception de la collaboration était masquée par un discours de revanche, corroboré par quelques actions anti-allemandes, qui ont maintenu jusqu'au bout l'illusion du double jeu<br>The Vichy air force was expected to disappear by the armistice conventions. However, the mers el-kebir and the dakar affairs brought it a temporary survival as hitler wanted france to keep a capacity to maintain its neutralism in Africa against the english and the Gaullist attacks. During the 1940-1942 years, the French air force slowly increased its power going through three phases of rearmament due to the military collaboration projects decided first at Montoire, then by the Paris protocols and the Saint Florentin meeting. Fights with allied aircrafts reached their peak with the Syrian affair in may-july 1941 and the allied landings in north Africa on november 8, 1942. Later, the German and Italian armies seized the French aircrafts on the French territory. However, the air force did not disappear but survived as an air defence army tightly controlled by the luftwaffe. At the liberation, after a hasty purge, this air force without planes was amalgamated to the French air force coming from north Africa and together participated to the victory combats. To study the Vichy air force gives elements to understand the Franco-German military relations during the occupation. Most of the all, it allow to better apprehend the adhesion mechanisms to the French state and to its policy of collaboration. The systematic exploitation of the historic department of the French air force archives and of more than two hundred recorded interviews shows how much the idea of collaboration, mainly in the military sector, was concealed by a revenge speech, and even by some underground actions maintaining the illusion of a double game until the end
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Theodosis, Lefteris. "Victory over Chaos? Constantinos A. Doxiadis and Ekistics 1945-1975." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396119.
Full textAbstract:
Constantinos A. Doxiadis (1913-1975) was an important figure in the realm of postwar
urbanism, and yet his contribution has been largely neglected. This study reviews his
trajectory and analyzes key projects related to different phases of his career: the housing
programs of the Ministry of Reconstruction developed during the Greek Civil War and with
Marshall Plan funds; the National Housing Program of Iraq in the context of the Third
World modernization; and the Urban Detroit Area project developed against the
suburbanization of the American city and Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society. Each one of
these episodes is examined against the background of the opposing but interacting
“processes” that characterized the forging of the postwar world: the efforts to
internationalism and the schism of the Cold War.
The first two projects reveal Doxiadis’ persistence on the importance of housing as a
motor of economic development and his seminal contribution to aided self-help programs.
In parallel, I examine his ideas on urban-regional development in relation to the
modernization theory, namely the doctrine that advanced the development of Third World
countries according to the paradigm of the West. Finally, his connections with the Ford
Foundation and his participation in events organized by the Congress for Cultural
Freedom offer an opportunity to examine his oeuvre in relation to the Cold War cultural
policies.
The second half of the thesis broadly coincides with the period 1960-1975 and focuses on
ekistics, an action-oriented interdisciplinary approach to global urbanization problems that
Doxiadis coined the science of human settlements. It examines the emergence of the
ekistic movement, the establishment of the Athens Center of Ekistics as a hub in the
European periphery “operating” between East and West, the intellectual forum of the
Delos Symposia, and the journal Ekistics.
In a parallel line, the analysis of the ekistic research programs aims to assess Doxiadis’
efforts to unite two different cultures of planning, that is, the sociological perspective with
the calculative spirit of mathematics and statistics. The study of Doxiadis’ plan for Detroit
reveals the flaws of his comprehensive approach and discusses the ekistic methodologies in reference to the systems approach to planning.
Altogether, Doxiadis and ekistics epitomize the transition from the heroic modernism to the
visionary approaches that explored the consequences of a world turning into a global
village. Doxiadis, however, sought to plan the city of the future as part of a global urban
system. In his eyes, facing the urban crisis was an attainable ideal. Eventually, the
contradictions between his work and theory were the outcome of his commitment to plan
an inevitable development and his anxiety to put order in the urban chaos.<br>Constantinos A. Doxiadis (1913-1975) fue una figura importante en el ámbito de la planificación urbana de la posguerra, y sin embargo, su contribución ha sido descuidada en gran medida. El presente estudio repasa su trayectoria analizando los principales proyectos que corresponden a diferentes etapas de su carrera: la Reconstrucción de Europa, la modernización del Tercer Mundo, la suburbanización de la ciudad estadounidense y la Gran Sociedad de Lyndon Johnson. Cada uno de estos episodios está estrechamente vinculado a las transformaciones geopolíticas que se entienden como la Guerra Fría. Doxiadis comenzó su carrera en el sector público dirigiendo los programas de reconstrucción de Grecia. Su profesionalidad y la alineación ideológica con el intervencionismo estadounidense fueron fundamentales para su colaboración con las misiones de ayuda internacional y su posterior carrera. Despedido de su cargo, Doxiadis fundó Doxiadis Associates (DA) a principios de los años cincuenta. En pocos años, DA ha obtenido numerosos proyectos de vivienda en el mundo en desarrollo, convirtiéndose en una de las empresas más grandes de ingeniería y consultoría en el ámbito internacional. El punto de partida fue el Programa de Vivienda Nacional de Irak, contratado en 1955.El Plan Maestro de Bagdad vino después .El análisis de estos proyectos se centra en el modelo de planificación llamado Dynápolis - es decir, la respuesta de Doxiadis tanto al crecimiento urbano como a la conservación de la ciudad histórica - y la aplicación de la "comunidad humana”, una versión de la Unidad Vecinal. A mediados de 1960, Doxiadis fue encargado del proyecto Urban Detroit Area (UDA), un plan integral y exhaustivo que prácticamente examinó el desarrollo de la región de Michigan. Aunque no llegó a implementarse, el UDA fue uno de los mayores retos en la carrera de Doxiadis. En primer lugar, porque se desarrolló de acuerdo con su teoría y metodologías sistémicas. En segundo lugar, porque el avance del plan coincidió con el cambio de paradigma en la arquitectura moderna y el final de la década el desarrollo. En una línea paralela esta tesis examina ekistics, un enfoque holístico que contemplaba los problemas de urbanización global, y que Doxiadis nombró la ciencia de los asentamientos humanos .Ekistics fue concebido como un campo interdisciplinario que combinaba los conocimientos de otras áreas como la economía, la sociología, la estadística, la arquitectura y la geografía. Su objetivo era proporcionar un marco integral para planificar la ciudad del futuro, la llamada Ecumenópolis. Para desarrollar y difundir sus ideas, Doxiadis fundó el Athens Center of Ekistics (ACE) y puso en marcha diversas actividades institucionales. Las más importantes fueron la organización de los Simposios de Delos, y la publicación de la prestigiosa revista Ekistics. Esta tesis revisará el ACE como un centro de planificación en la periferia europea y los Simposios de Delos como un foro independiente entre el Este y el Oeste. Por otro lado, y para ofrecer una perspectiva crítica sobre los esfuerzos intelectuales de Doxiadis, la tesis analiza la "Ciudad del Futuro" y el proyecto de investigación de "la Comunidad Humana". Ambos apuntaban a la consolidación de ekistics ya la legitimación científica de los modelos de planificación y estrategias de diseño de Doxiadis. En total, la tesis utiliza el trabajo y la teoría de Doxiadis para revisar la redefinición de la planificación urbana y la arquitectura frente a los fenómenos y las transformaciones que marcaron las tres primeras décadas de la posguerra. Según Doxiadis los problemas de la ciudad contemporánea eran globales, mientras el futuro era urbano, universal e inevitable. Al final, su pensamiento estaba imbuido tanto con la ansiedad de enfrentar la crisis universal que con el optimismo de la década de desarrollo. Sin duda, Doxiadis fue uno de los últimos modernos.
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Brodsky, G. W. S. "Victory in defeat : Joseph Conrad and the idea of honour." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234937.
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Johnston-White, Iain Edward. "The role of the dominions in British victory, 1939-1945." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283960.
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Thorne, Mark Allen. "Lucan's Cato, the defeat of victory, the triumph of memory." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/749.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation provides a new examination of the figure of Cato within Lucan's epic poem Bellum Civile by focusing on the theme of memory within the epic and its interaction with Cato's character specifically. It argues that one may read the epic as possessing the rhetorical function of a literary funeral monumentum, the purpose of which is to retell the death of Rome in the Roman Civil War, mourn its passing, and yet in so doing simultaneously preserve its memory so that future generations may remember the liberty Rome once possessed and may be influenced by that memory to action. In this reading, the epic itself--like Cato within the epic--offers a counter-memory of what the civil wars meant to Rome in competition with that promoted by Caesar and his descendants.
This study centers upon the speech of Cato found in Book 2 in which Cato states his two major goals for participation in the civil war: successfully commemorate a perishing Roma et Libertas and transform his own defeat into a self-sacrifice that is beneficial to his fellow Romans. The opening chapters place Cato's speech into its larger context by arguing that it is an integral part of a narrative arc spanning most of the first two books. The image of national suicide within the epic's proem reveals that gaining victory in civil war is what assures self-defeat. This economy of universal defeat pervades Lucan's epic and stands as the greatest threat facing Cato in the successful achievement of his goals. Lucan also shows that the very nature of civil war poses a threat to the viability of memory, as evidenced by scenes in which Roman soldiers and citizens forget and abandon the social ties that bind their identity to that of Rome.
Cato's speech illustrates that his chosen weapon against the epic's economy of defeat will be the power of memory. A careful analysis of the speech reveals that Cato's desired goal of enacting a self-sacrifice--a nod to his future suicidal martyrdom at Utica--can transform him into a monumentum of `Old Rome' (the pre-Caesarian Rome that still retained its libertas) which will in turn ensure his second goal of achieving funeral commemoration of what Rome used to be--and could still be again. The closing chapter examines key passages in Book 9 in which the power of memory is explicitly connected with renewal even in the midst of defeat, suggesting that Cato's (and the epic's) mission to preserve memory can be ultimately successful. This reading of Lucan's Cato has the benefit of showing that his success need no longer be based mainly upon whether or not he can be a virtuous sapiens but also upon what he can actually do for future generations of Romans by preserving the powerful memory of a Rome that still possessed her freedom from the Caesars.
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El-Shazli, Heba Fawzi. "An Elusive Victory - Egyptian Workers Challenge the Regime (2006-2012)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71883.
Full textAbstract:
"We started the 2011 revolution and the rest of Egypt followed," say Egyptian workers with strong conviction. Egyptian independent workers' continuous claims of contention and repertoires of protest were one of several main factors leading to the January 25, 2011 uprising. After thirty-two years of a Mubarak-led authoritarian regime, massive protests began in January 2011 and forced President Mubarak to step down from his position. The first question of this research endeavor is: how did Egyptian workers challenge the regime and how they became one of the factors leading to the January 2011 uprising? These workers were organized into loose networks of different independent groups that had been protesting for a decade and longer prior to January 2011. However, their regular protests for over a decade before 2011 challenged the authoritarian regime.
This dissertation examines the combative role of Egyptian independent workers' formal and informal organizations as a contentious social movement to challenge the regime. It will examine the evolving role of workers as socio-economic actors and then as political actors in political transitions. Social Movement Theory (SMT) and its mechanisms and Social Movement Unionism (SMU) will be the lenses through which this research will be presented. The methodology will be the comparative case studies of two different movements where workers who advocated for their rights for a decade prior to January 2011 experienced significantly differing outcomes. One case study showcases the municipal real estate tax collection workers who were able to establish a successful social movement and then create an independent trade union. The second case study examines an influential group of garment and textile workers, who also developed an effective social movement, yet were not able to take it to the next step to establish an independent union. I will explore within this research a second question: why one group of workers was able to establish an independent union while the other arguably more influential group of workers, the garment and textile workers, was not able to do so. This had an impact on the influence they were able to exercise over the regime in addition to their effectiveness as a social movement for change.<br>Ph. D.