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Journal articles on the topic 'Vickers Hardness (HV)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Hidayat, Hidayat. "Analysis Of Load Variations On ST 60 Steel Using Vickers Method." International Journal of Science, Engineering and Information Technology 5, no. 1 (2020): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/ijseit.v5i1.8940.

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The use of metal in the industrial world, especially ST60 Steel, is a very vital need, this can be seen from the increasing number of machine or equipment components or construction parts made of steel. Hardness is one of the mechanical properties that is often used as a guide in selecting materials for an equipment component. To find out the hardness price of a material, various testing methods can be used, including the Vickers method, which is tested by applying a force to the indented diamond pyramid against the material for which the hardness value is determined. The amount of hardness va

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2

Valko, A. L., S. P. Rudenko, and S. G. Sandomirski. "Translation of hardness numbers in testing of surface‑hardened steel products." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 14, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2022-3-64-69.

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Recalculation formulae of hardness transformation in units of HRC into Vickers hardness HV 30 for hardened and tempered structural steels in ASTM E 140-07 and ISO 18265:2013 were analyzed. From a Vickers hardness reading of 62.3 HRC using a 4.903 N indenter, the hardness is converted to 294.2 N and the hardness is converted to HRC using the ASTM E 140-07 formula. Full agreement of average hardness value HRC with reference measure is obtained. Correction factor of conversion to hardness at 294,2N and approximating relationship between hardness value HV0,2 and hardness value measured at 4,903N l

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3

Pan, X. F., H. Zhang, Z. F. Zhang, M. Stoica, G. He, and J. Eckert. "Vickers hardness and compressive properties of bulk metallic glasses and nanostructure-dendrite composites." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 10 (2005): 2632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0328.

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The compressive properties and the Vickers hardness of Cu-, Fe-, Mg-, and Zr-based monolithic bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as well as Ti-based nanostructure-dendrite composites were investigated and compared. The monolithic BMGs exhibit nearly the same yield strength σ y and fracture strength σf but poor plasticity. The Vickers hardness HV of the monolithic BMGs follows the empirical relationship HV/3 ≈σy ≈σf. The Ti-based composites yield at a relatively low stress level (less than 850 MPa) but fail at a very high fracture stress (∼ 2 GPa) and exhibit a large strain hardening ability. Accordi

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4

Niu, Junbo, Bin Miao, Jiaxu Guo, et al. "Leveraging Deep Neural Networks for Estimating Vickers Hardness from Nanoindentation Hardness." Materials 17, no. 1 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17010148.

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This research presents a comprehensive analysis of deep neural network models (DNNs) for the precise prediction of Vickers hardness (HV) in nitrided and carburized M50NiL steel samples, with hardness values spanning from 400 to 1000 HV. By conducting rigorous experimentation and obtaining corresponding nanoindentation data, we evaluated the performance of four distinct neural network architectures: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM), and Transformer. Our findings reveal that MLP and LSTM models excel in predictive accuracy and

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5

Aslanyan, A. E., E. G. Aslanyan, D. N. Pilipenko, V. V. Shvydun, A. N. Shchipunov, and L. V. Yurov. "State primary standard machine on Vickers and Knoop hardness scales GET 31-2024." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika 73, no. 12 (2025): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-12-7-13.

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The results of research aimed at ensuring the uniformity of hardness measurements according to the Vickers and Knoop scales, reproduction of Vickers hardness numbers HV in the range 2000–5000 and Knoop hardness numbers HK in the range 17–2500. The research is due, firstly, to the fact that the hardness of ceramics used in industry and medicine is more than 2000 HV, and hardness measurements on the Vickers scales of products made of these ceramics were not traced to the State primary special standard for metal hardness on the Vickers GET 31-2010 scales. Secondly, the Vickers tip print has a squ

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6

Riyan Ariyansah and Dan Mugisidi. "Effect of air velocity variation on hardness vickers of 6061 aluminum TIG welding joints." JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin 5, no. 2 (2024): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v5i2.1018.

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Aluminum 6061, a commonly used metal, demands critical attention in welding due to its mechanical properties influencing structural strength. The welding of aluminum 6061 is affected by various factors, including air velocity conditions during the welding process. This research objectives to analyze Vickers hardness values in TIG-welded Aluminum 6061. The research focuses on TIG welding of aluminum 6061, analyzing the impact of air velocity variations in the welding environment on hardness values. The experimental design considers air velocity variations at 3.6 km/h, 4 km/h, and 5 km/h during

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7

Subhash, G., B. J. Koeppel, and A. Chandra. "Dynamic Indentation Hardness and Rate Sensitivity in Metals." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 121, no. 3 (1999): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812373.

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An experimental technique for determining the dynamic indentation hardness of materials is described. Unlike the traditional static hardness measurements, the dynamic hardness measurements can capture the inherent rate dependent material response that is germane to high strain rate processes such as high speed machining and impact. The dynamic Vickers hardness (DHV) of several commonly used engineering materials is found to be greater than the static Vickers hardness (HV). The relationship between the hardness and yield stress under static conditions, i.e., HV =3σy, is also found to be valid u

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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Azmal Azmal, and Joni Rahmadi. "Analisis Pengaruh Panas pada Baja Kontruksi dengan Pendinginan Air Sungai dan Air Laut terhadap Kekuatan Mekanik." Vokasi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah 17, no. 1 (2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31573/vokasi.v17i1.452.

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Abstract: Housing, buildings and factories often fire, this can be caused by electric short circuits, explosions of gas stoves. Extinguishing fires can use river water or sea water. This research is expected to get an overview of data about tensile strength, hardness and mechanical properties due to changes in heat temperature and cooling with river water and sea water on steel construction materials with various operational conditions. The materials used are plain reinforcing steel (BJTP), deformed steel and profiled steel (IWF-400) heated in the heating kitchen with variations of 600 , 700 ,

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9

OTTO, Mateusz, Sławomir ZIMOWSKI, Wojciech SIKORA, and Tomasz MOSKALEWICZ. "MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MONOLITH AND COATING POLYETHERETHERKETONE." Tribologia 286, no. 4 (2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5967.

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In this work, a comparative analysis of the micromechanical and tribological properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in bulk and coating form was performed. The PEEK 708 coating was applied on a Ti6Al4V titanium alloy flat specimen using the electrophoretic deposition method. The micromechanical properties were determined through indentation tests performed using the Vickers method and scratch tests. Based on research work, the Vickers hardness (HV), elastic modulus (E), scratch hardness (HS), and Micro Mar Resistance (MMR) were determined. The tribological properties were defined by the coe

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10

Dodi Sofyan Arief, Dodi, Muftil Badri, M. Dalil, Agus Reforiandi, and Agus Surya Permana. "Calibration Of Vickers Hardness Test PT.Tenaris Seamless Pipe Indonesia Jaya Cilegon Using Standar Blok." Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse) 64, no. 3 (2020): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v64i3.203.

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A calibration is an activity to determine the conventional validity of the appointment value of measuring instruments and measuring materials by comparing them to standard measurements that are traceable to national and international standards for measurement units and or international and certified reference materials. The calibration is generally a process of adjusting the output or indication of a measurement device to match the magnitude of the standard used in certain accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to find out the vickers hardness test calibration whether the machine running norma

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11

Gnjato, Sanja. "Addition to the methodology of research into permanent teeth hardness." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 3 (2010): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1003739g.

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This paper examines permanent teeth hardness (microhardness) using the Vickers method. An original methodology was developed and adopted for preparing the experimental material, i.e. the cross sections into four characteristic locations on the tooth: corona dentis, cervix dentis, pars medialis radicis dentis and apex radicis dentis. A new 'hardness profile' was introduced, which connects hardness and location along the cross section of the tooth. Hardness was measured 664 times on experimental cross sections with total a average hardness of 73.17 HV according to Vickers and a standard deviatio

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12

Kadir, Harlian, Riswanda, Albert Daniel Saragih, Sugianto, Muhammad Budi, and Akhyar. "Effect of Welding Parameter Conditions of 304L SS and AISI 1015 Dissimilar Steel Weld Joints to Macrostructure and Mechanical Properties." Materials Science Forum 1067 (August 10, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-by83w7.

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This research is focused on the effect of welding parameter conditions, using Gas Metal Arc Welding, on the macrostructure, mechanical properties, and quality of dissimilar steel weld joints. In this study, the selected joints were low carbon steel (AISI 1015) and austenitic stainless steel (304L SS). The welding current used had three different variations, such as 100, 110, and 120 A. The solid wire electrode used was ER70S6, with a diameter of 1.2 mm. Identification of the macrostructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), micro-Vickers hardness, and tensile tests carried out for each GMAW join

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13

Hasa, Muhammad Husna Al, Masrukan, and Arief Sasongko Adhi. "Materials Development and Hardness Properties of Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.83.

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This research aims to develop an aluminum alloy suitable for applications in the nuclear industry, particularly in terms of its hardness. A synthesized AlFeNiMg alloy plate was subjected to deformation in a gradual rolling process at room temperature. A Vickers hardness tester and an optical microscope were employed to analyze the hardness and to observe the microstructure of the aluminum alloy consecutively. Analyses of elements and phase structures were performed by EDS-SEM and X-ray diffraction. The result shows that the hardness of AlFeNiMg alloy increases along with the increase in rollin

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14

Grigore, Nicolae. "Comparative Analysis of Short and Longweld Hardness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 834 (April 2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.834.153.

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Short rows and multiple layers fixture welding is characterized by a non-stationary thermal field, compared to the long welds, characterized by quasi-stationary thermal field, excluding the end zones characterized by a non-stationary thermal field.Up to the present, welded tests are made for homologating welding processes or for welders authorizations or validity prolongations of welders authorizations or certifications, these being made on 500 mm long welded samples, where the 20 mm parts at the beginning and at the end of the sample are removed and no test specimens for mechanical test are m

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15

Badawi, Emad A., M. A. Abdel-Rahman, and Alaa El-Deen A. El-Nahhas. "Correlation Coefficient between Vickers Hardness and Nuclear Technique." Defect and Diffusion Forum 344 (October 2013): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.344.129.

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The aim of this work is to establish a correlation coefficient between the positron annihilation lifetime technique (PALS) and the Vickers hardness for the heat treatable aluminum alloys (6066, 6063).The potential of positron annihilation spectroscopy in the study of light alloys is illustrated with special regards to age hardening, severe plastic deformation, annealing and quenching in aluminum alloys. Vickers hardness is the standard method for measuring the hardness of metals, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces. Accordingly, a correlation coefficient of 90 % between τ and Hv is

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16

Abdel-Rahman, M. A., Alaa Aldeen Ahmed, and Emad A. Badawi. "Positron Annihilation & Micro-Hardness Measurement of 6063 and 6066 with Compromise with Ingot Al." Defect and Diffusion Forum 295-296 (January 2010): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.295-296.39.

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The aim of this work was to study the resistance of this type of alloy to quenching. Hardness measurements can be defined as macro-, micro- or nano- scale, according to the forces applied and the displacements obtained. This effect can also be studied using a nuclear, (PALT): positron annihilation lifetime, technique [1]. Microhardness is the hardness of a material, as determined by forcing an indenter such as a Vickers or Knoop indenter into the surface of the material under a 15 to 1000gf load; the indentations are usually so small that they must be measured using a microscope. These samples

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17

Pesin, V. A., A. S. Osmakov, and S. Yu Boykov. "Properties of WC–Co hardmetals as a function of their composition and microstructural parameters." Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsional’nye pokrytiya, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2022-3-37-44.

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Research into WC–Co submicron hardmetals involving measurement of hardness, coercivity and microstructural characterization, as well as analysis and comparison of results from recent literature led to the development of a unified constitutive expression for Vickers hardness in a form that separates the effects of the tungsten carbide grain size from those of the cobalt binder volume fraction. With the proposed expression for HV one may recalculate and compare hardness values for hardmetals featuring the same average grain size but differing in the binder matrix content. The paper shows that, i

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18

Şenel, Mahmut Can, Mevlüt Gürbüz, and Erdem Koç. "Fabrication and characterization of aluminum hybrid composites reinforced with silicon nitride/graphene nanoplatelet binary particles." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 28-30 (2019): 4043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319853329.

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In this study, pure aluminum was reinforced with pure silicon nitride (varying from 1 to 12 wt%), pure graphene nanoplatelets (changing from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%), and their hybrid form (silicon nitride/graphene nanoplatelets) by using powder metallurgy method. The results show that Vickers hardness increased to 57.5 ± 3 HV (Al-9Si3N4) and 57 ± 2.5 HV (Al-0.1GNPs) from 28 ± 2 HV (pure aluminum). Similarly, ultimate compressive strength of the pure silicon nitride and pure graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced aluminum composite was improved to 268 ± 6 MPa (Al-9Si3N4) and 138 ± 4 MPa (Al-0.5GNPs) from 106

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19

Kubota, Masahiro, and Takuya Ohno. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Severely Plastic Deformed Pure Titanium by Mechanical Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.559.

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) was applied to pure titanium powder by mechanical milling (MM) process with stearic acid, added as a process control agent (PCA), by using a vibrational ball mill, and MMed powders possessing large strains were subsequently consolidated into bulk materials by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in order to enhance the hardness and strength of pure titanium. Changes in the hardness and constituent phases of the MMed powders have been examined by microhardness measurements and X-ray diffraction. The hardness and microstructure of the SPS materials have also been studied

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20

Azhar, Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad, Foo Tai Kong, Mohamad Hasmaliza, Manimaran Ratnam, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad. "Effect of Particle Sizes of Magnesium Oxide on Zirconia Toughened Alumina Vickers Hardness." Advanced Materials Research 173 (December 2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.173.29.

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Vickers hardness of zirconia toughened alumina added MgO with different composition and particle size has been studied. Five different size of magnesium oxide particle at different composition (0.5 wt % to 0.9 wt %) were used in this experiment. Each batch of composition was mixed, uniaxially pressed into 13 mm pellets and sintered at 1600oC for 4 hours in pressureless conditions. Analysis of Vickers hardness, microstructural observation and EDX analysis has been carried out. Microstructural observation showed that the addition of magnesium oxide greatly affected zirconia toughened alumina mic

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21

Patharkar, Umesh, and Sunil Patil. "Investigating Nitriding Parameters for AISI H13 Tool Steel: A Microhardness Study Using Full Factorial Design." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 47 (April 30, 2025): 167–73. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2025.v47.014.

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This research investigates the parameters affecting gas nitriding to increase the surface microhardness of AISI H13 tool steel. Used full factorial experimental design testing combinations of nitriding temperature (200°C, 300°C, 400°C) with nitriding time (12, 24, 36 hours) under constant ammonia flow (0.5 L/min, atmospheric pressure conditions. The Vickers microhardness (HV?.?) test results demonstrated that hardness reaches its maximum at 400°C among temperature treatment conditions. The hardness peak value reached 1062 HV during the optimal condition at 400°C for 24 hours but embrittlement

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22

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, and Tjipto Sujitno. "The Influence of Plasma Nitrocarburizing Process Temperature to Commercially Pure Titanium Surface Hardness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.700.

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Commercially pure (cp) titanium is a relative soft metal and easily broken on friction-wear applications. To improve the hardness of the surface while maintaining the original properties, plasma nitrocarburizing process has been conducted. The effects of the treatment in different temperatures to the surface harness are then studied. In this study, cp titanium plasma nitrocarburizing process is conducted at different temperatures with different process time, i.e. at 350 °C for 3, 4, and 5 hours, and at 450 °C for 2, 3, and 4 hours respectively. Hardness tests are then performed on each specime

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23

Abdel-Rahman, M., Mohammed Salah, Alaa M. Ibrahim, and Emad A. Badawi. "Comparative techniques to investigate plastically deformed 5754 Al-alloy." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 28 (2017): 1750255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502554.

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Cold work (compression) is an important method that produces dislocations mainly used to improve the mechanical properties of Al-alloys. The effect of deformation on 5754 Al-alloy was investigated by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS), Vickers micro-hardness (HV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The observation of results obtained by these techniques as a function of degree of deformation showed approximately the same behavior. Mean lifetime and Vickers micro-hardness values changed from 168.0 ± 7.0 ps and 32.0 ± 1.5 Hv, respectively, for the annealed (undeformed) sample

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24

Chipise, L., N. R. Batane, P. K. Jain, et al. "Hardness characteristics of as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 57, no. 2 (2021): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb200307022c.

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The Vickers hardness of 21 as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys of different compositions were studied, and nanohardness indentations were done on the individual phases. The results were used to explain the brittleness by assessing the proportions of the phases, and their morphologies. The compound hardness varied between 704 - 1289 HV, with ~ZrRu2 being the hardest phase, and ~Zr2Ni7 being the least hard phase. The sample hardness was 300 - 1015 HV. Most of the samples were brittle, although there were regions of toughness around Ni36:Ru13:Zr51 and Ni20:Ru5:Zr75 (at.%). No alloy was identified to have pot

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25

Hou, Guangning, Lijie Cao, Chaomin Zhang, Jinan Xia, and Guishun Li. "Improving mechanical strength of La2O3 and ZrO2 co-doped silicate glasses for touch screen." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 02 (2018): 1850026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500261.

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La2O3 and ZrO2 co-doped silicate glasses were fabricated using melt-quenching method. The network structure, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus of the glasses were measured to investigate their mechanical properties. Our results indicated that the prepared samples exhibited high strength network structures with excellent mechanical performance. The Vickers hardness exceeded 858[Formula: see text]HV, and the elastic modulus reaches 100[Formula: see text]GPa. They increased approximate 37% and 18.6%, respectively, more than the most hardness and modulus reported for this type of glasses, while

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26

Zhang, Zhi Bin, Xiu Bing Liang, Yong Xiong Chen, and Bin Shi Xu. "Preparation and Hardness Behavior of Al-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Composite Coatings on Mg Alloy Prepared by High Velocity Arc Spraying Process." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.256.

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High velocity arc spraying (HVAS) process was used to deposit Al-Ni-Y-Co and Al-Ni-Mm-Fe amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings onto AZ91 Mg alloy substrate. Their microstructure was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coatings are both about 500 μm in thickness with fully dense and low porosity. The microstructure of the coatings is classified into two regions, namely, a full amorphous phase region and homogeneous dispersion of fcc-Al and some intermetallic nanoscale particles in a residual am

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27

Seo, Jung Hwa, Dong Geun Lee, Cheng Lin Li, Xu Jun Mi, and Yong Tae Lee. "Mechanical Characterization of Ti-Mo-Fe Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 567 (September 2012): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.567.37.

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Microstructure characterization and hardening behavior of a new designed Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy during solution and aging treatment was investigated in the present study by OM, Vickers hardness. The results showed that the beta transus temperature of new Ti-12.1Mo-1Fe alloy was about 780°C. Further observation of ω phase should be performed by TEM later. It is also found that ω phase played a more important role than α phase in hardening. The hardening due to ω phase can lead to a high hardness about 470 Hv but the coarse α phases result in a hardness below 300 Hv.

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Vongvachvasin, Kittituch, Sroisiri Thaweboon, Pornkiat Churnjitapirom, Saowaros Kaophun, and Natdhanai Chotprasert. "The Physical Properties of PMMA Denture base Resin Incorporated with Vanillin." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.338.

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Long-term use of a denture base can be a reservoir of microbes due to porosities and mechanical wear of denture surfaces. Vanillin has an antimicrobial effect. However, its influence on physical properties after incorporated in PMMA has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate physical properties of PMMA by incorporating vanillin in different concentrations. Material and method. There were three groups of PMMA with ten specimens per group. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were tested by using a 3-point bending machine, and surface hardness was determined by Vi

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Hurtony, Tamás, Oliver Krammer, Balázs Illés, Gábor Harsányi, David Bušek, and Karel Dušek. "Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Mn-Alloyed Tin-Silver-Copper Solder Solidified with Different Cooling Rates." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225251.

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Manganese can be an optimal alloying addition in lead-free SAC (SnAgCu) solder alloys because of its low price and harmless nature. In this research, the mechanical properties of the novel SAC0307 (Sn/Ag0.3/Cu0.7) alloyed with 0.7 wt.% Mn (designated as SAC0307-Mn07) and those of the traditionally used SAC305 (Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5) solder alloys were investigated by analyzing the shear force and Vickers hardness of reflowed solder balls. During the preparation of the reflowed solder balls, different cooling rates were used in the range from 2.7 K/s to 14.7 K/s. After measuring the shear force and

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30

Wang, Tao, Shuang Li, Haojie Chen, et al. "Effect of laser power on microstructure and properties of laser cladding AlCoCrNiSiTi_0.5 high-entropy alloy coatings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2785, no. 1 (2024): 012128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2785/1/012128.

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Abstract Using varying laser powers, an AlCoCrNiSiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) coating was applied to the surface of TC4 titanium alloy. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were examined using several analytical techniques, including energy spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc., and Vickers hardness tester was used to test the coating’s microhardness at various laser powers. Studies indicate that the coating is mostly made up of the following phases: BCC, FCC, α-Ti, β-Ti, (Si, Al)2Cr, (Ni, Co)Ti2; The coating’s mean hard

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31

Haryadi, Haryadi, and Amir Arifin. "FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF HALF BEAD TECHNIQUE TO REPLACE POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT IN WELDING A335 GRADE P22 PIPES." Indonesian Journal of Engineering and Science 6, no. 1 (2025): 037–49. https://doi.org/10.51630/ijes.v6i1.151.

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This work evaluates the feasibility of using the Temper Bead Welding (TBW) method with the Half Bead technique as an alternative to Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) for welding A335 Grade P22 pipes. Three treatment methods were compared: preheating, preheating with TBW, and preheating with PWHT. Hardness testing is carried out using the Vickers microhardness testing method. The only preheat method showed the highest hardness values in the HAZ (342 HV), fusion zone (357 HV), and weld metal (334 HV). TBW with the half bead technique had higher hardness only in the base metal (191 HV). PWHT provid

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32

Ahmadi, Haerul, Ihwanul Aziz, Dewi Lanita Sari, and Idawati Supu. "STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TUNGSTEN NITRIDE COATINGS PREPARED BY DC SPUTTERING AT CYLINDER LINER." Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin 24, no. 2 (2023): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/mesin.v24i2.20369.

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The cylinder liner is a tube that protects the piston and is a place for the combustion process. The combustion process causes continuous friction to make the cylinder liner wear out. Therefore the cylinder liner must be made of materials that have high hardness. To obtain a high hardness level, surface treatment with DC sputtering techniques is carried out. Surface treatment with DC sputtering technique for 120 minutes with variations of Argon gas and Nitrogen gas 70:30, 80:20, and 90:10. Based on the XRD test results, all treated samples contained a WN layer. The crystal structure of the raw

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Yudha, Sabdha Purna. "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PASIR BALIKPAPAN TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN FLUIDITAS LOGAM CORAN PADUAN Al-Si." Otopro 16, no. 2 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/otopro.v16n2.p34-38.

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The use of sand as a mold in the casting process is very common. In this study, Balikpapan sand used as casting sand then analyzed its effect on hardness and fluidity of the Al-Si alloy. The research method used in this research is quantitative research methods using pre-experimental design, especially the one-shot case study model. The final results of this study will be obtained (1) the value of metal hardness from casting using the Micro Vickers Hardness Tester with a Hardness Vickers (HV) scale, (2) fluidity testing is carried out using the Birmingham method in order to determine the lengt

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Karanam, Sai Ashish Kumar, R. Rathinam, Pradeep Kumar Mouria, et al. "Optimizing the Parameters of Spark Plasma Sintering to Enhance the Hardness of MgO/TiC Composites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1335481.

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In this research, the first work was carried out to manufacture MgO-based metal matrix composite containing 3 wt%. Sintering parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and time were subjected to Taguchi analysis to identify the most significant effect on magnesium oxide physical and mechanical characteristics. The impact of each sintering parameter explores using the analysis of variance-structure and microstructure analysis using XRD and EDS-equipped FE-SEM. The mechanical properties of the composite are evaluated by testing its Rockwell hardness (HR) and Vickers hardness (HV). The results sh

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Chu, X., M. S. Wong, W. D. Sproul, and S. A. Barnett. "Deposition, structure, and hardness of polycrystalline transition-metal nitride superlattice films." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 6 (1999): 2500–2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0335.

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Polycrystalline TiN/VN, NbN/VN, and TiN/NbN superlattices with periods Λ between 2 and 160 nm were deposited onto steel substrates using an opposed-cathode reactive magnetron sputtering system. The nitrogen partial pressure and the substrate bias values were optimized in order to obtain dense stoichiometric films, which yielded the highest Vickers hardnesses HV. HV for TiN/VN and TiN/NbN superlattices reached maximum values of ≈5000 kgf/mm2 at Λ ≈ 5–10 nm, compared with ≈2000 kgf/mm2 for homogeneous TiN, NbN, and VN films. In contrast, HV ≈ 2000 kgf/mm2 was obtained for VN/NbN superlattices in

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RUDENKO, Sergei P., Aleksandr L. VALKO, and Sergei G. SANDOMIRSKI. "DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVE THICKNESS OF HARDENED LAYER OF CARBURIZED GEARS." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 3, no. 60 (2022): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2022-3-60-61-67.

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The methods are considered for determining the effective thickness of the hardened layer of metal parts listed in the standards STB 2307-2013 and STB ISO 18203-2019. The ambiguity of interpretation of the concept of effective thickness hэф of the hardened layer up to the half-transition zone is established for control of gears after the chemical heat treatment: carburizing and hardening. In practice, hэф is determined by the Vickers hardness distribution under the relevant load. In accordance with the standard ASTM E140-07, the Vickers hardness value of 50 HRC represents the Vickers hardness o

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Dikova, Tsanka, Vladimir Dunchev, and Yavor Gagov. "INVESTIGATION OF HARDNESS AND ELASTIC MODULUS OF MILLED AND SLM Ti6Al4V ALLOY." Journal of the Technical University of Gabrovo 65 (December 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.62853/zecm7737.

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The aim of the present paper is to investigate the hardness and elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy produced by CAD/CAM milling and selective laser melting. The Vickers micro-hardness is measured, while the modulus of elasticity is determined by new developed methodology consisting of bending test and finite element analysis. It was established that the manufacturing methodlead to differences in the micro-hardness and elastic modulus of the milled and SLM samples. The measured micro-hardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy was higher for the SLM samples (396 HV) compared to the milled ones (347 HV). The val

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Luna, Victoria, Leslie Trujillo, Ariel Gamon, et al. "Comprehensive and Comparative Heat Treatment of Additively Manufactured Inconel 625 Alloy and Corresponding Microstructures and Mechanical Properties." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 5 (2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6050107.

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This study examines and compares the microstructures, Vickers microindentation hardness, and mechanical properties for additively manufactured (AM) samples built by a variety of AM processes: wire arc AM (WAAM), electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), laser wire direct energy deposition (LW-DED), electron beam direct energy deposition (EB-DED), laser-powered direct energy deposition (LP-DED), and laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). These AM process samples were post-processed and heat-treated by stress relief annealing at 1066 °C, HIP at 1163 °C, and solution annealing treatment at 1177 °C. The

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Jiang, Li, Yong Dong, Hui Jiang, Yi Ping Lu, Zhi Qiang Cao, and Ting Ju Li. "Effect of Ta Addition on Structural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of the CoFeNi₂W_0.5 High Entropy Alloy." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.34.

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A series of CoFeNi2W0.5Tax (x = 0-0.6) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were synthesized by arc melting to investigate the alloying effect of Ta element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the CoFeNi2W0.5 alloy system. Phase constitution, microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Vickers hardness and compressive test. It was found that when x = 0, the alloy consists of a single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) solid solution structure and exhibit excellent ductility, the compressive plastic elon

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Manshor, Hanisah, Suriyana Md Aris, Ahmad Zahirani Ahmad Azhar, Ezzat Chan Abdullah, and Zainal Arifin Ahmad. "Effect of Titania (TiO₂) Addition to Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Phases, Hardness and Microstructure." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.293.

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Ceramic composites consist of zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) with TiO2as additive was fabricated via solid state sintering route. Numerous studies have indicated that TiO2can be used as sintering additives for Al2O3and the ability of microstructural control introduce by TIO2. The Vickers hardness of the obtained ZTA-TiO2was evaluated as a function of different TiO2 addition. Each sample was dry mixed, uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1600 °C for 4 hours in pressureless condition. It is noticed that the presence of TiO2greatly influence the microstructure of Al2O3. Al2O3grains tend to incre

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Liu, Huiping, Mingkun Xiao, Jiannan Hao, et al. "Micro-Defects-Related Low Cycle Fatigue Mechanical Model of the Nuclear-Grade S30408 Stainless Steel." Nanomaterials 15, no. 1 (2025): 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010071.

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Continuous and interrupted low cycle fatigue tests were conducted on nuclear-grade S30408 stainless steel under different stress conditions at room temperature. Vickers hardness testing and microstructure characterization were performed on the fatigue samples with different fatigue states. The evolutionary mechanism of the microstructure defects in materials under fatigue cyclic loading was discussed. The traditional Basquin formula was used to predict the fatigue life of these fatigue samples. At the same time, a quantitative mechanical model related to the characteristic micro-defects parame

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Heidarzadeh, Akbar, Mousa Javidani, Mohammadreza Mofarrehi, Amir Farzaneh, and X. Grant Chen. "Submerged Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys: Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Property." Metals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11101592.

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The possibility of underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloy was explored to overcome the problem of hardness loss in different microstructural zones. Optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were employed to characterize the microstructure of the joint. Vickers hardness measurements were conducted on the cross-section of the joint to evaluate the mechanical strengths. The results showed that the microstructure of the AA7075 side had undergone the same mechanisms as those occurring during conventional friction stir welding. In the case of

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Shamsudin, Farha Mizana, Yusof Abdullah, Shahidan Radiman, and Nasri A. Hamid. "The Effect of Annealing to the Hardness of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Fe-15Cr-0.3Y₂O₃ Alloy." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.428.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the microstructure and effect of annealing to the hardness properties of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe-15Cr-0.3Y2O3 alloy. This type of alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) method followed by compacting and sintering. The microstructure of milled Fe-15Cr-0.3Y2O3 alloy powders and pellet was examined by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The milled alloy powders consist of nearly spherical shape of powder particles with average size of 10 µm. For the alloy pellet microstructure, the formations of Y2O3 nanop

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Inoue, A., B. L. Shen, A. R. Yavari, and A. L. Greer. "Mechanical properties of Fe-based bulk glassy alloys in Fe–B–Si–Nb and Fe–Ga–P–C–B–Si systems." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 6 (2003): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0205.

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Mechanical properties of cast Fe-based bulk glassy alloy rods with compositions of (Fe0.75B0.15Si0.1)96Nb4 and Fe77Ga3P9.5C4B4Si2.5 were examined by compression and Vickers hardness tests. The Young's modulus (E), yield strength (σy), fracture strength (σf), elastic strain (εe), fracture strain (εf), and Vickers hardness (Hv) were 175 GPa, 3165 MPa, 3250 MPa, 1.8%, 2.2%, and 1060, respectively, for the former alloy and 182 GPa, 2980 MPa, 3160 MPa, 1.9%, 2.2%, and 870, respectively, for the latter alloy. The εf /E and Hv/3E were 0.019–0.017 and 0.020–0.016, respectively, for the alloys, in agre

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Aw, K. L., R. Tolouei, Ramesh Singh, et al. "Effects of Powder Synthesis Method on the Sinterability of Hydroxyapatite." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1538.

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The sinterability of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder synthesized through a novel wet chemical method (HAp) and a wet mechanochemical method (HAwm) was investigated over a temperature range of 1000oC to 1400oC in terms of phase stability, bulk density, hardness and fracture toughness. The results indicated that the sinterability of HAp powder were significantly better than HAwm powder. Moreover, the XRD traces of HAwm sintered samples showed signs of decomposition into TTCP when sintered at 1300oC and above. Densification of ~98% of theoretical density was attained by HAp compacts at 1100oC while th

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Irawan, Benny Haddli, Nugroho Pratomo Ariyanto, and Jonas Felix Siregar. "Destructive Test Material SA516 70N Untuk Kualifikasi Pengelasan Standar ASME BPVC Sec. IX-2021." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 16, no. 2 (2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.16.2.1209.

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This research contains about destructive test for WPS qualification (welding qualification record) in making pressure vessel. WPS can be declared qualified if they have PQR (procedure qualification record). In making PQR required testing destructive test the test is carried out by damaging the specimen based on ASME standards (american society of mechanical engineers) BPVC (boiler pressure vessel code) Sec. IX-2021 with SA516 70N material. Indestructive test for this welding qualification, there are 4 types of testing with the number of specimens to be tested, namely: testing tensile (2 specim

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Dave, Dipak J., Ketan D. Parikh, and Mihir J. Joshi. "Vickers Micro-Hardness Studies of Amino Acids (L-Histidine, L-Threonien and DL-Methionine) Doped KDP Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 665 (February 2013): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.665.172.

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Pure and various amino acids (L-histidine, L-threonine, DL-methionine) doped KDP crystals were grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The doping of amino acids was confirmed by C, H, N analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and paper chromatography .Pure and doped KDP crystals were subjected to Vickers microhardness studies. Indentations were made on smooth (100) as grown faces of pure and doped crystals. The Vickers indenter loads were varied from 0.298 N to 0.981 N in order to study the effect of load on microhardness. A number of indents were made at each load and the mean diagonal length (d) wa

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Li, Hai Zhi, Wei Ping Tong, and Liang Zuo. "Gas Nitriding of High-Vanadium Alloy Steel." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1105.

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A composite surface layer was fabricated on a high-vanadium alloy steel (HVAS) plate by means of a surface gas nitriding at 550°C for 70h. The microstructural charaterization and phase analysis of resultant nitride layers were performed using optical, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, X-ray diffraction methods and hardness measurements. The results of the investigation showed that a composite layer consisting of ε-Fe2–3N and γ'-Fe4N phases is feasible on the surface of HVAS. Vickers hardness test indicate that the hardness value of the nitrided sample is about 1100 HV

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Jiang, Qingwei, Xiaohong Li, Peng Yang, Sheng Zhang, and Min Li. "Effect of first pass rolling reduction ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TA1/Q235B clad plates." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 12 (2021): 2150144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221501447.

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In this study, the microstructure, the shear strength and Vickers-hardness of TA1/Q235B clad plates under different first pass rolling reduction ratio (FP3R) were investigated. The microstructure and bonding interface were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Vickers-hardness and tensile shear strength were also detected. The result indicated a good bonding along the interface of the bonded with flat and smooth under different reduction ratio. The shear strength of the TA1/Q235B clad plate increases with the increase of reduction ratio which was 189 MPa

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Kuo, Hsien-Nan, Jyh-Horng Chou, and Tung-Kuan Liu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Microwave Sintered ZrO2Bioceramics with TiO2Addition." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2458685.

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The microwave sintered zirconia ceramics with 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% TiO2addition at a low sintering temperature of 1300°C and a short holding time of 1 hour were investigated. Effect of contents of TiO2addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of microwave sintered zirconia bioceramics was reported. In the sintered samples, the main phase is monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) phase and minor phase is tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase. The grain sizes increased with increasing the TiO2contents under the sintering temperature of 1300°C. Although the TiO2phase was not detected in the XRD patte

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