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Ma, Christina Zong-Hao, Yan To Ling, Queenie Tsung Kwan Shea, Li-Ke Wang, Xiao-Yun Wang, and Yong-Ping Zheng. "Towards Wearable Comprehensive Capture and Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Activity during Human Locomotion." Sensors 19, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19010195.
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Background: Motion capture and analyzing systems are essential for understanding locomotion. However, the existing devices are too cumbersome and can be used indoors only. A newly-developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with multiple sensors and ultrasound imaging was introduced in this study. Methods: In ten healthy participants, the changes in muscle area and activity of gastrocnemius, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of right leg during walking were evaluated by the developed system and the Vicon system. The existence of significant changes in a gait cycle, comparison of the ankle kinetic data captured by the developed system and the Vicon system, and test-retest reliability (evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) in each channel’s data captured by the developed system were examined. Results: Moderate to good test-retest reliability of various channels of the developed system (0.512 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.988, p < 0.05), significantly high correlation between the developed system and Vicon system in ankle joint angles (0.638R ≤ 0.707, p < 0.05), and significant changes in muscle activity of gastrocnemius during a gait cycle (p < 0.05) were found. Conclusion: A newly developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with ultrasound imaging that can accurately capture the motion of one leg was evaluated in this study, which paves the way towards real-time comprehensive evaluation of muscles and joint motions during different activities in both indoor and outdoor environments.
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Dzulkifli, Azkiyyah Wahida, Siti Aisyah Mualif, Aizreena Azaman, Siti Nor Ismalina Isa, Seri Mirianti Ishar, Ahmad Razali Ishak, Mohd Yusmaidie Aziz, Muhammad Yusran Abdul Aziz, and Noor Asyikin Suaidi. "A Footprint Analysis: Comparison between Conventional Scanning Method and Motion Capture System." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 18, no. 5 (December 15, 2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v18n5.2325.
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Footprint is a key element in human physiological characteristic study, for determining gender, height and weight. This study is to investigate the reliability of using conventional scanning method by comparing results with motion capture system method. The study takes footprint images from conventional scanning and processed using MATLAB. The captured gait movement data are generated from Vicon Nexus and Vicon Polygon respectively. Afterwards the data from the two methods were analysed for correlation test. The significant difference between measurement of gait parameters using Vicon and conventional scanned method were tested using paired sample t-test and the concurrent validity of conventional scanned method was tested using Pearson correlation. Although there was significance difference between measurement using both methods, the correlation analysis displayed moderate to high positive significant correlation of the parameters indicating the validity of the conventional scanned method. This concludes this study to accept the alternative hypothesis that there is a linear relationship between these two procedures.
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Grouios, George, Efthymios Ziagkas, Andreas Loukovitis, Konstantinos Chatzinikolaou, and Eirini Koidou. "Accelerometers in Our Pocket: Does Smartphone Accelerometer Technology Provide Accurate Data?" Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010192.
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This study evaluates accelerometer performance of three new state of the art smartphones and focuses on accuracy. The motivating research question was whether accelerator accuracy obtained with these off-the-shelf modern smartphone accelerometers was or was not statistically different from that of a gold-standard reference system. We predicted that the accuracy of the three modern smartphone accelerometers in human movement data acquisition do not differ from that of the Vicon MX motion capture system. To test this prediction, we investigated the comparative performance of three different commercially available current generation smartphone accelerometers among themselves and to a gold-standard Vicon MX motion capture system. A single subject design was implemented for this study. Pearson’s correlation coefficients® were calculated to verify the validity of the smartphones’ accelerometer data against that of the Vicon MX motion capture system. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the smartphones’ accelerometer performance reliability compared to that of the Vicon MX motion capture system. Results demonstrated that (a) the tested smartphone accelerometers are valid and reliable devices for estimating accelerations and (b) there were not significant differences among the three current generation smartphones and the Vicon MX motion capture system’s mean acceleration data. This evidence indicates how well recent generation smartphone accelerometer sensors are capable of measuring human body motion. This study, which bridges a significant information gap between the accuracy of accelerometers measured close to production and their accuracy in actual smartphone research, should be interpreted within the confines of its scope, limitations and strengths. Further research is warranted to validate our arguments, suggestions, and results, since this is the first study on this topic.
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Chen, Si Xi, Shu Chen, Jian De Lin, Jian Wei Li, and Xin Chen. ""The Seven Claps" of Quan-Zhou Chest-Clapping with Motion Capture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.202.
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This paper focuses on the motion capture method of the certain variety of South China traditional folk dance, Quan-zhou Chest-clapping. The authors used Vicon Motion Capture system to capture the motion of “the seven claps”, the basic form of Quan-zhou Chest-clapping Dance, and optimized the capture procedures and acting standards for the clapping and certain motions’ capture. To process the motion data , the authors used the Motionanalysis system to obtain the six degrees of freedom of certain basic dance motions, by measuring the motions’ maximum and minimum values of linear displacements and angular displacements on axis X ,Y and Z. Based on the measuring results of the motions’ degrees of freedom, the authors further discussed the quantification of motion course and developed the integrate exclusive motion capturing assessment criteria.
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McGroarty, M., S. Giblin, D. Meldrum, and F. Wetterling. "ACCURACY OF A LOW-COST NOVEL COMPUTER-VISION DYNAMIC MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT: POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W8 (April 7, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xl-5-w8-1-2016.
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The aim of the study was to perform a preliminary validation of a low cost markerless motion capture system (CAPTURE) against an industry gold standard (Vicon). Measurements of knee valgus and flexion during the performance of a countermovement jump (CMJ) between CAPTURE and Vicon were compared. After correction algorithms were applied to the raw CAPTURE data acceptable levels of accuracy and precision were achieved. The knee flexion angle measured for three trials using Capture deviated by −3.8° ± 3° (left) and 1.7° ± 2.8° (right) compared to Vicon. The findings suggest that low-cost markerless motion capture has potential to provide an objective method for assessing lower limb jump and landing mechanics in an applied sports setting. Furthermore, the outcome of the study warrants the need for future research to examine more fully the potential implications of the use of low-cost markerless motion capture in the evaluation of dynamic movement for injury prevention.
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Liu, Hai Bin, Zhi Qiang He, Wen Xue Yuan, and Zhou Yang. "Comparing 3 Different Foot Models for Ankle Joint Motion during Gait." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.135.
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Objective is to study different foot models and their corresponding parameters, provide references for foot segment and give the correct definition for ankle joint angle. Methods: The data were captured and analyzed by Vicon Motion System, and compute the joint angle parameters. Conclusion: The Toe Model is no suit for constructing ankle joint, MidJoint Model only for high equipped motion capture system and Phalange Model should be recommended after verification.
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Choo, Corliss Zhi Yi, Jia Yi Chow, and John Komar. "Validation of the Perception Neuron system for full-body motion capture." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262730.
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Recent advancements in Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) offers the possibility of its use as a cost effective and portable alternative to traditional optoelectronic motion capture systems in analyzing biomechanical performance. One such commercially available IMU is the Perception Neuron motion capture system (PNS). The accuracy of the PNS had been tested and was reported to be a valid method for assessing the upper body range of motion to within 5° RMSE. However, testing of the PNS was limited to upper body motion involving functional movement within a single plane. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to further validate the Perception Neuron system with reference to a conventional optoelectronic motion capture system (VICON) through the use of dynamic movements (e.g., walking, jogging and a multi-articular sports movement with object manipulation) and to determine its feasibility through full-body kinematic analysis. Validation was evaluated using Pearson’s R correlation, RMSE and Bland-Altman estimates. Present findings suggest that the PNS performed well against the VICON motion analysis system with most joint angles reporting a RMSE of < 4° and strong average Pearson’s R correlation of 0.85, with the exception of the shoulder abduction/adduction where RMSE was larger and Pearson’s R correlation at a moderate level. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that most joint angles across the different movements had a mean bias of less than 10°, except for the shoulder abduction/adduction and elbow flexion/extension measurements. It was concluded that the PNS may not be the best substitute for traditional motion analysis technology if there is a need to replicate raw joint angles. However, there was adequate sensitivity to measure changes in joint angles and would be suitable when normalized joint angles are compared and the focus of analysis is to identify changes in movement patterns.
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RAMBELY, A. S., and FAZROLROZI. "A SIX-LINK KINEMATIC CHAIN MODEL OF HUMAN BODY USING KANE'S METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 09 (January 2012): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512005107.
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A biomechanics model of six-link kinematic chain of human body is developed by using Kane's method. The kinematic data comprise of six segments; foot, calf, thigh, trunk, upper arm and forearm, are obtained through data collection of walking, running and jumping using the Vicon Nexus system. The motion capture system uses 12 Vicon MX-3+ cameras and 12 Vicon MX-F40 cameras, two DV (50 Hz) cameras and a force plate (100 Hz). Inverse dynamics approach is used to obtain the unknown value of torques produced by joint segments during walking, running and jumping activities. The results show that the largest value of torques produced occurs at the foot segment.
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van der Veen, Susanne, Martine Bordeleau, Peter Pidcoe, Christopher France, and James Thomas. "Agreement Analysis between Vive and Vicon Systems to Monitor Lumbar Postural Changes." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173632.
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Immersive virtual reality has recently developed into a readily available system that allows for full-body tracking. Can this affordable system be used for component tracking to advance or replace expensive kinematic systems for motion analysis in the clinic? The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of position and orientation measures from Vive wireless body trackers when compared to Vicon optoelectronic tracked markers attached to (1) a robot simulating trunk flexion and rotation by repeatedly moving to know locations, and (2) healthy adults playing virtual reality games necessitating significant trunk displacements. The comparison of both systems showed component tracking with Vive trackers is accurate within 0.68 ± 0.32 cm translationally and 1.64 ± 0.18° rotationally when compared with a three-dimensional motion capture system. No significant differences between Vive trackers and Vicon systems were found suggesting the Vive wireless sensors can be used to accurately track joint motion for clinical and research data.
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Wang, Sophie L., Gene Civillico, Wesley Niswander, and Kimberly L. Kontson. "Comparison of Motion Analysis Systems in Tracking Upper Body Movement of Myoelectric Bypass Prosthesis Users." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082953.
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Current literature lacks a comparative analysis of different motion capture systems for tracking upper limb (UL) movement as individuals perform standard tasks. To better understand the performance of various motion capture systems in quantifying UL movement in the prosthesis user population, this study compares joint angles derived from three systems that vary in cost and motion capture mechanisms: a marker-based system (Vicon), an inertial measurement unit system (Xsens), and a markerless system (Kinect). Ten healthy participants (5F/5M; 29.6 ± 7.1 years) were trained with a TouchBionic i-Limb Ultra myoelectric terminal device mounted on a bypass prosthetic device. Participants were simultaneously recorded with all systems as they performed standardized tasks. Root mean square error and bias values for degrees of freedom in the right elbow, shoulder, neck, and torso were calculated. The IMU system yielded more accurate kinematics for shoulder, neck, and torso angles while the markerless system performed better for the elbow angles. By evaluating the ability of each system to capture kinematic changes of simulated upper limb prosthesis users during a variety of standardized tasks, this study provides insight into the advantages and limitations of using different motion capture technologies for upper limb functional assessment.
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Park, Chanhee, Yeongsang An, Hyunsik Yoon, Ilbong Park, Kyoungtae Kim, Chungyoo Kim, and Youngjoo Cha. "Comparative accuracy of a shoulder range motion measurement sensor and Vicon 3D motion capture for shoulder abduction in frozen shoulder." Technology and Health Care 30 (February 25, 2022): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-228024.
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BACKGROUND: Although patients with frozen shoulders have the range of motion (ROM) of their shoulder’s abduction movements measured at hospital and the physical therapy visits, multiple visits to check for progress is often difficult. Thus, we developed an artificial intelligence-based image recognition detectable sensor (AIRDS) intended for easy use at home. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of a sensor (AIRDS) measuring shoulder abduction angle, thus offering a valid and feasible system for monitoring patients with frozen shoulder. METHODS: Ten patients with frozen shoulder (5 males, 5 females) performed shoulder joint movements while being measured with the AIRDS system and the 3-dimensional Vicon system. The measure of the outcome included the linear regression of the shoulder abduction joint kinematics. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis of the AIRDS system and the Vicon system demonstrated a significant correlation coefficient of R2= 0.9979 (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide novel, promising evidence that AIRDS can accurately measure the timing and total spatial characteristics of clinical movements. AIRDS is designed to provide real-time ROM measurements for joint mobility using artificial intelligence instead of the judgement of the physical therapist.
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Lamine, H., S. Bennour, M. Laribi, L. Romdhane, and S. Zaghloul. "Evaluation of Calibrated Kinect Gait Kinematics Using a Vicon Motion Capture System." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 20, sup1 (October 27, 2017): S111—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2017.1382886.
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Gray, Aaron D., Brad W. Willis, Marjorie Skubic, Zhiyu Huo, Swithin Razu, Seth L. Sherman, Trent M. Guess, et al. "Development and Validation of a Portable and Inexpensive Tool to Measure the Drop Vertical Jump Using the Microsoft Kinect V2." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 6 (August 28, 2017): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117726323.
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Background: Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adolescent female athletes is an increasing problem. The knee-ankle separation ratio (KASR), calculated at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PF) during the drop vertical jump (DVJ), is a measure of dynamic knee valgus. The Microsoft Kinect V2 has shown promise as a reliable and valid marker-less motion capture device. Hypothesis: The Kinect V2 will demonstrate good to excellent correlation between KASR results at IC and PF during the DVJ, as compared with a “gold standard” Vicon motion analysis system. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteer subjects (20 male, 18 female) performed 5 DVJ trials, simultaneously measured by a Vicon MX-T40S system, 2 AMTI force platforms, and a Kinect V2 with customized software. A total of 190 jumps were completed. The KASR was calculated at IC and PF during the DVJ. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed the degree of KASR agreement between the Kinect and Vicon systems. Results: The ICCs of the Kinect V2 and Vicon KASR at IC and PF were 0.84 and 0.95, respectively, showing excellent agreement between the 2 measures. The Kinect V2 successfully identified the KASR at PF and IC frames in 182 of 190 trials, demonstrating 95.8% reliability. Conclusion: The Kinect V2 demonstrated excellent ICC of the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ when compared with the Vicon system. A customized Kinect V2 software program demonstrated good reliability in identifying the KASR at IC and PF during the DVJ. Clinical Relevance: Reliable, valid, inexpensive, and efficient screening tools may improve the accessibility of motion analysis assessment of adolescent female athletes.
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Yan, Lingyun, Guowu Wei, Zheqi Hu, Haohua Xiu, Yuyang Wei, and Lei Ren. "Low-Cost Multisensor Integrated System for Online Walking Gait Detection." Journal of Sensors 2021 (August 14, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6378514.
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A three-dimensional motion capture system is a useful tool for analysing gait patterns during walking or exercising, and it is frequently applied in biomechanical studies. However, most of them are expensive. This study designs a low-cost gait detection system with high accuracy and reliability that is an alternative method/equipment in the gait detection field to the most widely used commercial system, the virtual user concept (Vicon) system. The proposed system integrates mass-produced low-cost sensors/chips in a compact size to collect kinematic data. Furthermore, an x86 mini personal computer (PC) running at 100 Hz classifies motion data in real-time. To guarantee gait detection accuracy, the embedded gait detection algorithm adopts a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model and a rule-based calibration filter to classify kinematic data into five distinct gait events: heel-strike, foot-flat, heel-off, toe-off, and initial-swing. To evaluate performance, volunteers are requested to walk on the treadmill at a regular walking speed of 4.2 km/h while kinematic data are recorded by a low-cost system and a Vicon system simultaneously. The gait detection accuracy and relative time error are estimated by comparing the classified gait events in the study with the Vicon system as a reference. The results show that the proposed system obtains a high accuracy of 99.66% with a smaller time error (32 ms), demonstrating that it performs similarly to the Vicon system in the gait detection field.
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Minh, Vu Trieu, Mart Tamre, Victor Musalimov, Pavel Kovalenko, Irina Rubinshtein, Ivan Ovchinnikov, David Krcmarik, Reza Moezzi, and Jaroslav Hlava. "Model Predictive Control for Modeling Human Gait Motions Assisted by Vicon Technology." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 5 (November 15, 2020): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530501.
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Human muscles and the central nervous system (CNS) play the key role to control the human movements and activities. The human CNS determines each human motion following three steps: estimation of the movement trajectory; calculation of required energy for muscles; then perform the motion. In these three step tasks, the human CNS determines the first two steps and the human muscles conduct the third one. This paper efforts the use of model predictive control (MPC) algorithm to simulate the human CNS calculation in the case of gait motion. We first build up the human gait motion mathematical model with 5-link mechanism. This allows us to apply MPC to calculate the optimal torques at each joint and optimal trajectory for muscles. Outcomes of simulations simultaneously are compared with the real human movements captured by the Vicon motion capture technology which is the novelty of this study. Results show that tracking errors are not excessed 7%.
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Davenport, Colin, Emma Pratt, Wendy Dickens, Jill van der Meulen, and Mike Bell. "Quality assurance: Repeatability measures across two Vicon® motion capture systems." Gait & Posture 30 (November 2009): S13—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.08.022.
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Rallis, Ioannis, Eftychios Protopapadakis, Athanasios Voulodimos, Nikolaos Doulamis, Anastasios Doulamis, and Georgios Bardis. "Choreographic Pattern Analysis from Heterogeneous Motion Capture Systems Using Dynamic Time Warping." Technologies 7, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7030056.
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The convention for the safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) by UNESCO highlights the equal importance of intangible elements of cultural heritage to tangible ones. One of the most important domains of ICH is folkloric dances. A dance choreography is a time-varying 3D process (4D modelling), which includes dynamic co-interactions among different actors, emotional and style attributes, and supplementary elements, such as music tempo and costumes. Presently, research focuses on the use of depth acquisition sensors, to handle kinesiology issues. The extraction of skeleton data, in real time, contains a significant amount of information (data and metadata), allowing for various choreography-based analytics. In this paper, a trajectory interpretation method for Greek folkloric dances is presented. We focus on matching trajectories’ patterns, existing in a choreographic database, to new ones originating from different sensor types such as VICON and Kinect II. Then, a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is proposed to find out similarities/dissimilarities among the choreographic trajectories. The goal is to evaluate the performance of the low-cost Kinect II sensor for dance choreography compared to the accurate but of high-cost VICON-based choreographies. Experimental results on real-life dances are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed DTW methodology and the ability of Kinect II to localize dances in 3D space.
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Fernández-González, Pilar, Aikaterini Koutsou, Alicia Cuesta-Gómez, María Carratalá-Tejada, Juan Carlos Miangolarra-Page, and Francisco Molina-Rueda. "Reliability of Kinovea® Software and Agreement with a Three-Dimensional Motion System for Gait Analysis in Healthy Subjects." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113154.
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Gait analysis is necessary to diagnose movement disorders. In order to reduce the costs of three-dimensional motion capture systems, new low-cost methods of motion analysis have been developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of Kinovea® and the agreement with a three-dimensional motion system for detecting the joint angles of the hip, knee and ankle during the initial contact phase of walking. Fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. All participants were examined twice with a one-week interval between the two appointments. The motion data were recorded using the VICON Motion System® and digital video cameras. The intra-rater reliability showed a good correlation for the hip, the knee and the ankle joints (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC > 0.85) for both observers. The ICC for the inter-rater reliability was >0.90 for the hip, the knee and the ankle joints. The Bland–Altman plots showed that the magnitude of disagreement was approximately ±5° for intra-rater reliability, ±2.5° for inter-rater reliability and around ±2.5° to ±5° for Kinovea® versus Vicon®. The ICC was good for the hip, knee and ankle angles registered with Kinovea® during the initial contact of walking for both observers (intra-rater reliability) and higher for the agreement between observers (inter-rater reliability). However, the Bland–Altman plots showed disagreement between observers, measurements and systems (Kinovea® vs. three-dimensional motion system) that should be considered in the interpretation of clinical evaluations.
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Abhayasinghe, Nimsiri, Iain Murray, and Shiva Sharif Bidabadi. "Validation of Thigh Angle Estimation Using Inertial Measurement Unit Data against Optical Motion Capture Systems." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030596.
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Inertial measurement units are commonly used to estimate the orientation of sections of sections of human body in inertial navigation systems. Most of the algorithms used for orientation estimation are computationally expensive and it is difficult to implement them in real-time embedded systems with restricted capabilities. This paper discusses a computationally inexpensive orientation estimation algorithm (Gyro Integration-Based Orientation Filter—GIOF) that is used to estimate the forward and backward swing angle of the thigh (thigh angle) for a vision impaired navigation aid. The algorithm fuses the accelerometer and gyroscope readings to derive the single dimension orientation in such a way that the orientation is corrected using the accelerometer reading when it reads gravity only or otherwise integrate the gyro reading to estimate the orientation. This strategy was used to reduce the drift caused by the gyro integration. The thigh angle estimated by GIOF was compared against the Vicon Optical Motion Capture System and reported a mean correlation of 99.58% for 374 walking trials with a standard deviation of 0.34%. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the thigh angle estimated by GIOF compared with Vicon measurement was 1.8477°. The computation time on an 8-bit microcontroller running at 8 MHz for GIOF is about a half of that of Complementary Filter implementation. Although GIOF was only implemented and tested for estimating pitch of the IMU, it can be easily extended into 2D to estimate both pitch and roll.
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Reimer, Lara Marie, Maximilian Kapsecker, Takashi Fukushima, and Stephan M. Jonas. "Evaluating 3D Human Motion Capture on Mobile Devices." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 4806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104806.
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Computer-vision-based frameworks enable markerless human motion capture on consumer-grade devices in real-time. They open up new possibilities for application, such as in the health and medical sector. So far, research on mobile solutions has been focused on 2-dimensional motion capture frameworks. 2D motion analysis is limited by the viewing angle of the positioned camera. New frameworks enable 3-dimensional human motion capture and can be supported through additional smartphone sensors such as LiDAR. 3D motion capture promises to overcome the limitations of 2D frameworks by considering all three movement planes independent of the camera angle. In this study, we performed a laboratory experiment with ten subjects, comparing the joint angles in eight different body-weight exercises tracked by Apple ARKit, a mobile 3D motion capture framework, against a gold-standard system for motion capture: the Vicon system. The 3D motion capture framework exposed a weighted Mean Absolute Error of 18.80° ± 12.12° (ranging from 3.75° ± 0.99° to 47.06° ± 5.11° per tracked joint angle and exercise) and a Mean Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient of 0.76 for the whole data set. The data set shows a high variance of those two metrics between the observed angles and performed exercises. The observed accuracy is influenced by the visibility of the joints and the observed motion. While the 3D motion capture framework is a promising technology that could enable several use cases in the entertainment, health, and medical area, its limitations should be considered for each potential application area.
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Zhu, Huijin, Xiaoling Li, Long Wang, Zhangyi Chen, Yueyang Shi, Shuai Zheng, and Min Li. "IMU Motion Capture Method with Adaptive Tremor Attenuation in Teleoperation Robot System." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093353.
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Teleoperation robot systems can help humans perform tasks in unstructured environments. However, non-intuitive control interfaces using only a keyboard or joystick and physiological tremor reduce the performance of teleoperation. This paper presents an intuitive control interface based on the wearable device gForcePro+ armband. Two gForcePro+ armbands are worn at the centroid of the upper arm and forearm, respectively. Firstly, the kinematics model of the human arm is established, and the inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used to capture the position and orientation information of the end of the arm. Then, a regression model of angular transformation is developed for the phenomenon that the rotation axis of the torsion joint is not perfectly aligned with the limb segment during motion, which can be applied to different individuals. Finally, to attenuate the physiological tremor, a variable gain extended Kalman filter (EKF) fusing sEMG signals is developed. The described control interface shows good attitude estimation accuracy compared to the VICON optical capture system, with an average angular RMSE of 4.837° ± 1.433°. The performance of the described filtering method is tested using the xMate3 Pro robot, and the results show it can improve the tracking performance of the robot and reduce the tremor.
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Agostinelli, Thomas, Andrea Generosi, Silvia Ceccacci, Riccardo Karim Khamaisi, Margherita Peruzzini, and Maura Mengoni. "Preliminary Validation of a Low-Cost Motion Analysis System Based on RGB Cameras to Support the Evaluation of Postural Risk Assessment." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 10645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210645.
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This paper introduces a low-cost and low computational marker-less motion capture system based on the acquisition of frame images through standard RGB cameras. It exploits the open-source deep learning model CMU, from the tf-pose-estimation project. Its numerical accuracy and its usefulness for ergonomic assessment are evaluated by a proper experiment, designed and performed to: (1) compare the data provided by it with those collected from a motion capture golden standard system; (2) compare the RULA scores obtained with data provided by it with those obtained with data provided by the Vicon Nexus system and those estimated through video analysis, by a team of three expert ergonomists. Tests have been conducted in standardized laboratory conditions and involved a total of six subjects. Results suggest that the proposed system can predict angles with good consistency and give evidence about the tool’s usefulness for ergonomist.
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Hubaut, Rémy, Romain Guichard, Julia Greenfield, and Mathias Blandeau. "Validation of an Embedded Motion-Capture and EMG Setup for the Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorder Risks during Manhole Cover Handling." Sensors 22, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020436.
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Musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace are a growing problem in Europe. The measurement of these disorders in a working environment presents multiple limitations concerning equipment and measurement reliability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of inertial measurement units against a reference system for their use in the workplace. Ten healthy volunteers conducted three lifting methods (snatching, pushing, and pulling) for manhole cover using a custom-made tool weighting 20 and 30 kg. Participants’ back and dominant arm were equipped with IMU, EMG, and reflective markers for VICON analysis and perception of effort was estimated at each trial using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The Bland–Altman method was used and results showed good agreement between IMU and VICON systems for Yaw, Pitch and Roll angles (bias values < 1, −4.4 < LOA < 3.6°). EMG results were compared to VAS results and results showed that both are a valuable means to assess efforts during tasks. This study therefore validates the use of inertial measurement units (IMU) for motion capture and its combination with electromyography (EMG) and a Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) to assess effort for use in real work situations.
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Guerre, Elvire, Pascale Laronde, Jérôme Cussonneau, Christian Fontaine, and Guillaume Wavreille. "Experimental determination of the elbow’s center of rotation using the VICON™ optoelectronic motion capture system." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 38, no. 4 (November 20, 2015): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1589-2.
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Scoz, Robson Dias, Thiago Roberto Espindola, Mateus Freitas Santiago, Paulo Rui de Oliveira, Bruno Mazziotti Oliveira Alves, Luciano Maia Alves Ferreira, and César Ferreira Amorim. "Validation of a 3D Camera System for Cycling Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 4473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134473.
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Background: Kinematic analysis aimed toward scientific investigation or professional purposes is commonly unaffordable and complex to use. Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify concurrent validation between a cycling-specific 3D camera and the gold-standard 3D general camera systems. Methods: Overall, 11 healthy amateur male triathletes were filmed riding their bicycles with Vicon 3D cameras and the Retul 3D cameras for bike fitting analysis simultaneously. All 18 kinematic measurements given by the bike fitting system were compared with the same data given by Vicon cameras through Pearson correlation (r), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error measurements (SEM), and Bland–Altman (BA) analysis. Confidence intervals of 95% are given. Results: A very high correlation between cameras was found on six of 18 measurements. All other presented a high correlation between cameras (between 0.7 and 0.9). In total, six variables indicate a SEM of less than one degree between systems. Only two variables indicate a SEM higher than two degrees between camera systems. Overall, four measures indicate bias tendency according to BA. Conclusions: The cycling-specific led-emitting 3D camera system tested revealed a high or very high degree of correlation with the gold-standard 3D camera system used in laboratory motion capture. In total, 14 measurements of this equipment could be used in sports medicine clinical practice and even by researchers of cycling studies.
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Wheare, Matilda Jane, Maximillian J. Nelson, Ryan Lumsden, Alec Buttfield, and Robert George Crowther. "Reliability and Validity of the Polhemus Liberty System for Upper Body Segment and Joint Angular Kinematics of Elite Golfers." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 4330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134330.
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Golf swing analysis is common in both recreational and professional levels where players are searching for improvements in shot accuracy and distance. The use of motion analysis systems such as the portable Polhemus Liberty system is gaining interest by coaches and players; however, to date, no research has examined the usefulness of the Polhemus Liberty system for golf swing analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Polhemus Liberty system and validity compared to the VICON Nexus motion analysis system when assessing segment (pelvis and thorax) and joint (shoulder, elbow and wrist) angular kinematics during a golf swing at key events (address, top of backswing and impact). Fifteen elite amateur/professional golfers performed ten golf swing trials within specified bounds using their 5-iron club. Reliability was assessed using interclass coefficient, effect size and t-test statistics by all participants completing two separate testing sessions on separate days following the same experimental protocol. Validity was assessed using effect size, Pearson correlation and t-test statistics by comparing swings captured using both Polhemus Liberty and VICON Nexus concurrently. Results demonstrated no difference in ball outcome results using the Trackman launch monitor (P > 0.05) and that the Polhemus Liberty system was reliable across the two sessions for all segment (pelvis and thorax) and joint (lead shoulder (gleno-humeral joint), elbow and wrist) angular kinematics (P > 0.05). Validity analysis showed that the Polhemus Liberty system for the segments (pelvis and thorax) and joints (lead shoulder and wrist) were different compared to the VICON Nexus data at key events during the golf swing. Although validity could not be confirmed against VICON Nexus modeling, the Polhemus Liberty system may still be useful for golf swing analysis across training sessions. However, caution should be applied when comparing data from the system to published research data using different motion analysis methods.
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Thewlis, Dominic, Chris Bishop, Nathan Daniell, and Gunther Paul. "Next-Generation Low-Cost Motion Capture Systems Can Provide Comparable Spatial Accuracy to High-End Systems." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 1 (February 2013): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.1.112.
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The objective quantification of three-dimensional kinematics during different functional and occupational tasks is now more in demand than ever. The introduction of new generation of low-cost passive motion capture systems from a number of manufacturers has made this technology accessible for teaching, clinical practice and in small/medium industry. Despite the attractive nature of these systems, their accuracy remains unproved in independent tests. We assessed static linear accuracy, dynamic linear accuracy and compared gait kinematics from a Vicon MX-f20 system to a Natural Point OptiTrack system. In all experiments data were sampled simultaneously. We identified both systems perform excellently in linear accuracy tests with absolute errors not exceeding 1%. In gait data there was again strong agreement between the two systems in sagittal and coronal plane kinematics. Transverse plane kinematics differed by up to 3° at the knee and hip, which we attributed to the impact of soft tissue artifact accelerations on the data. We suggest that low-cost systems are comparably accurate to their high-end competitors and offer a platform with accuracy acceptable in research for laboratories with a limited budget.
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Langeard, Antoine, Charlotte Mathon, Mourad Ould-Slimane, Leslie Decker, Nicolas Bessot, Antoine Gauthier, and Nathalie Chastan. "Kinematics or Kinetics: Optimum Measurement of the Vertical Variations of the Center of Mass during Gait Initiation." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 7954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237954.
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Background: During gait, the braking index represents postural control, and consequently, the risk of falls. Previous studies based their determination of the braking index during the first step on kinetic methods using force platforms, which are highly variable. This study aimed to investigate whether determining the braking index with a kinematic method, through 3D motion capture, provides more precise results. Methods: Fifty participants (20 to 40 years) performed ten trials in natural and fast gait conditions. Their braking index was estimated from their first step simultaneously using a force platform and VICON motion capture system. The reliability of each braking index acquisition method was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error measurements, and the minimal detectable change. Results: Both kinetic and kinematic methods allowed good to excellent reliability and similar minimum detectable changes (10%). Conclusion: Estimating the braking index through a kinetic or a kinematic method was highly reliable.
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Walczyna, Karol, Bartosz Jasiński, Jakub Smołka, and Mateusz Miziołek. "Wykonywanie nagrań za pomocą systemu akwizycji ruchu oraz urządzenia mobilnego z synchronizacją wyzwalania nagrań Karol Walczyna*, Bartosz Jasiński*, Jakub Smołka, Mateusz Miziołek." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 10 (March 30, 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.184.
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Głównym problemem podczas przeprowadzania badania z użyciem systemu motion capture wraz z urządzeniem mobilnym jest brak możliwoĞci jednoczesnego startu nagrywania z systemu akwizycji ruchu, jak i z urządzenia przenoĞnego typu smartfon. Na potrzeby rozwiązania problemu zostały opracowane dwie metody synchronizacji nagrań. Pierwsza z nich to metoda rozpoczynająca nagrywanie po stronie urządzenia mobilnego, natomiast druga to metoda wychwytująca rozpoczęcie nagrywania w systemie akwizycji ruchu. Obie metody zostały porównane pod kątem opóźnień oraz korelacji zebranych danych pochodzących z urządzenia mobilnego oraz systemu Vicon Nexus.
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Tenn, Hian Kun, and Yao Yang Tsai. "Estimation of Occluded Lower Limb Using Inverted Pendulum Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2056.
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For many interactive vision based systems, users are captured by the system and modeled as a simplified skeleton. The skeleton model usually encounter problems of occlusion because of obstacles or other users appearing in the environment. In this paper, we proposed a method based on an inverted pendulum model (IPM), which was applied to recover the occluded leg of skeleton model. The skeleton model was provided by Vicon motion measurement system, which captured the participant's motions. One leg of the skeleton model was removed intentionally and the proposed method was used to estimate the pose of the occluded leg in real-time. The results showed that most of the positioning errors were within 10 cm on average and the processing rate exceeded 100 fps.
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Yang, Peng, Gaowei Zhang, Jie Wang, Xiaozhou Wang, Lili Zhang, and Lingling Chen. "Command Filter Backstepping Sliding Model Control for Lower-Limb Exoskeleton." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1064535.
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A command filter adaptive fuzzy backstepping control strategy is proposed for lower-limb assisting exoskeleton. Firstly, the human-robot model is established by taking the human body as a passive part, and a coupling torque is introduced to describe the interaction between the exoskeleton and human leg. Then, Vicon motion capture system is employed to obtain the reference trajectory. For the purpose of obviating the “explosion of complexity” in conventional backstepping, a second-order command filter is introduced into the sliding mode control strategy. The fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are also applied to handle with the chattering problem by estimating the uncertainties and disturbances. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
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Shan, Gongbing, and Peter Visentin. "A Quantitative Three-dimensional Analysis of Arm Kinematics in Violin Performance." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2003.1002.
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Overuse syndrome (OS) resulting from repetitive motion affects a significant percentage of performing musicians. Particularly susceptible to OS, violinists use different kinds of muscle control patterns in the right and left limbs and must assume a complex asymmetrical posture to hold and play the instrument. There is a clear need for developing efficient and effective strategies to prevent OS in violinists, keeping biological loads under physiological limits and focusing on physical economy during training. The first step in developing such strategies requires quantitative kinematic description of the motions involved in violin performance. This study supplies such information for the arms and violin bow. The motions of eight professional violinists and three advanced university music students were captured using a nine-camera VICON V8i motion capture system. Each performed a fundamental control skill employing all four strings of the violin. The data were analyzed using quantitative model comparison and statistical analysis. The results of this study show parameters such as elbow height normalized by body height and shoulder and elbow joint motion to have highly consistent patterns between the subjects. Wrist control patterns varied widely. Playing on different strings influences right arm patterns significantly, but not left. This is the first study providing quantitative 3-D kinematic data on shoulders, elbows, wrists, and bow. It provides a foundation for further exploration of the kinematic characteristics of violin performance, for the examination of the potential causes of OS, and for an evaluation of practices that might minimize injuries.
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Fidel, Maria Belinda Cristina C., Consuelo B. Gonzalez-Suarez, Angelo R. dela Cruz, Edison A. Roxas, Ma Roxanne Fernandez, and Christopher Gabon Cruz. "Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait in Filipino Adults Using the 3-D Motion Capture System." Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35460/2546-1621.2021-0019.
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Background and Purpose: Gait is one of the outcome measures used in evaluation in the field of rehabilitation and there is a need for reference data of gait parameters primarily to understand the physiological significance of these parameters, describe their changes in pathologic gait for better understanding of pathophysiology and be able to provide the appropriate therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was: 1) To derive a reference data of spatiotemporal parameters of gait among Filipinos, which include step time, stride time, stance time, swing time, single limb support time, double limb support time, cadence, speed, step length, stride length, and step width; 2) To determine correlation of age, gender, and anthropometric measures with spatiotemporal parameters, and 3) To determine gait symmetry. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 374 participants aged 20-69 years (males = 181, females = 193) were included. They were asked to walk in their comfortable speed. Spatiotemporal parameters were obtained using the Vicon motion capture system. Results: The walking speed, step length, stride length, and step width declined with age. Filipino men demonstrated higher values in all parameters except cadence which is higher in Filipino women. Height and leg length both have positive correlation with all parameters except for cadence. Weight has a positive correlation with all spatiotemporal parameters except for cadence, swing time, single limb support time, and speed. Cadence and stride length were symmetrical between right and left lower extremities. Conclusion: Spatiotemporal parameters among healthy Filipinos 20-69 years old were presented including their correlations with age, gender, and anthropometric measures. This can serve as a reference for future studies in gait where Filipinos are the participants.
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Cai, Laisi, Ye Ma, Shuping Xiong, and Yanxin Zhang. "Validity and Reliability of Upper Limb Functional Assessment Using the Microsoft Kinect V2 Sensor." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7175240.
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Objective. To quantify the concurrent accuracy and the test-retest reliability of a Kinect V2-based upper limb functional assessment system. Approach. Ten healthy males performed a series of upper limb movements, which were measured concurrently with Kinect V2 and the Vicon motion capture system (gold standard). Each participant attended two testing sessions, seven days apart. Four tasks were performed including hand to contralateral shoulder, hand to mouth, combing hair, and hand to back pocket. Upper limb kinematics were calculated using our developed kinematic model and the UWA model for Kinect V2 and Vicon. The interdevice coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the validity of the kinematic waveforms. Mean absolute bias and Pearson’s r correlation were used to evaluate the validity of the angles at the points of target achieved (PTA) and the range of motion (ROM). The intersession CMC and RMSE and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the test-retest reliability of Kinect V2. Main Results. Both validity and reliability are found to be task-dependent and plane-dependent. Kinect V2 had good accuracy in measuring shoulder and elbow flexion/extension angular waveforms (CMC>0.87), moderate accuracy of measuring shoulder adduction/abduction angular waveforms (CMC=0.69-0.82), and poor accuracy of measuring shoulder internal/external angles (CMC<0.6). We also found high test-retest reliability of Kinect V2 in most of the upper limb angular waveforms (CMC=0.75-0.99), angles at the PTA (ICC=0.65-0.91), and the ROM (ICC=0.68-0.96). Significance. Kinect V2 has great potential as a low-cost, easy implemented device for assessing upper limb angular waveforms when performing functional tasks. The system is suitable for assessing relative within-person change in upper limb motions over time, such as disease progression or improvement due to intervention.
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Di Raimondo, Giacomo, Benedicte Vanwanseele, Arthur van der Have, Jill Emmerzaal, Miel Willems, Bryce Adrian Killen, and Ilse Jonkers. "Inertial Sensor-to-Segment Calibration for Accurate 3D Joint Angle Calculation for Use in OpenSim." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093259.
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Inertial capture (InCap) systems combined with musculoskeletal (MSK) models are an attractive option for monitoring 3D joint kinematics in an ecological context. However, the primary limiting factor is the sensor-to-segment calibration, which is crucial to estimate the body segment orientations. Walking, running, and stair ascent and descent trials were measured in eleven healthy subjects with the Xsens InCap system and the Vicon 3D motion capture (MoCap) system at a self-selected speed. A novel integrated method that combines previous sensor-to-segment calibration approaches was developed for use in a MSK model with three degree of freedom (DOF) hip and knee joints. The following were compared: RMSE, range of motion (ROM), peaks, and R2 between InCap kinematics estimated with different calibration methods and gold standard MoCap kinematics. The integrated method reduced the RSME for both the hip and the knee joints below 5°, and no statistically significant differences were found between MoCap and InCap kinematics. This was consistent across all the different analyzed movements. The developed method was integrated on an MSK model workflow, and it increased the sensor-to-segment calibration accuracy for an accurate estimate of 3D joint kinematics compared to MoCap, guaranteeing a clinical easy-to-use approach.
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Chester, Victoria L., and Matthew Calhoun. "Gait Symmetry in Children with Autism." Autism Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/576478.
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Most studies examining gait asymmetry have focused on infants and toddlers and have tended to use subjective methods of evaluating movement. No previous studies have examined gait symmetry in older children with autism using objective motion capture systems. The purpose of this paper was to quantify gait symmetry in children with autism versus age-matched controls. Fourteen children with autism (N=14) and twenty-two (N=22) age, height, and weight-matched controls participated in the study. An eight camera Vicon motion capture system and four Kistler force plates were used to compute temporal-spatial parameters and symmetry indices during walking. Group differences in these measures were tested using MANOVAs. No significant differences between the autism and control group were found for any of the temporal-spatial measures or symmetry indices. Therefore, results suggest that children with autism demonstrate typical symmetry or interlimb movement during gait. Further research is needed to examine the use of different gait inputs to the symmetry indices (e.g., joint angles and moments). A greater awareness of the movement patterns associated with autism may increase our understanding of this disorder and have important implications for treatment planning.
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Khobkhun, Fuengfa, Mark A. Hollands, Jim Richards, and Amornpan Ajjimaporn. "Can We Accurately Measure Axial Segment Coordination during Turning Using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)?" Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092518.
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Camera-based 3D motion analysis systems are considered to be the gold standard for movement analysis. However, using such equipment in a clinical setting is prohibitive due to the expense and time-consuming nature of data collection and analysis. Therefore, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been suggested as an alternative to measure movement in clinical settings. One area which is both important and challenging is the assessment of turning kinematics in individuals with movement disorders. This study aimed to validate the use of IMUs in the measurement of turning kinematics in healthy adults compared to a camera-based 3D motion analysis system. Data were collected from twelve participants using a Vicon motion analysis system which were compared with data from four IMUs placed on the forehead, middle thorax, and feet in order to determine accuracy and reliability. The results demonstrated that the IMU sensors produced reliable kinematic measures and showed excellent reliability (ICCs 0.80–0.98) and no significant differences were seen in paired t-tests in all parameters when comparing the two systems. This suggests that the IMU sensors provide a viable alternative to camera-based motion capture that could be used in isolation to gather data from individuals with movement disorders in clinical settings and real-life situations.
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Poitras, Isabelle, Mathieu Bielmann, Alexandre Campeau-Lecours, Catherine Mercier, Laurent J. Bouyer, and Jean-Sébastien Roy. "Validity of Wearable Sensors at the Shoulder Joint: Combining Wireless Electromyography Sensors and Inertial Measurement Units to Perform Physical Workplace Assessments." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081885.
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Background: Workplace adaptation is the preferred method of intervention to diminish risk factors associated with the development of work-related shoulder disorders. However, the majority of the workplace assessments performed are subjective (e.g., questionnaires). Quantitative assessments are required to support workplace adaptations. The aims of this study are to assess the concurrent validity of inertial measurement units (IMUs; MVN, Xsens) in comparison to a motion capture system (Vicon) during lifting tasks, and establish the discriminative validity of a wireless electromyography (EMG) system for the evaluation of muscle activity. Methods: Sixteen participants performed 12 simple tasks (shoulder flexion, abduction, scaption) and 16 complex lifting tasks (lifting crates of different weights at different heights). A Delsys Trigno EMG system was used to record anterior and middle deltoids’ EMG activity, while the Xsens and Vicon simultaneously recorded shoulder kinematics. Results: For IMUs, correlation coefficients were high (simple task: >0.968; complex task: >0.84) and RMSEs were low (simple task: <6.72°; complex task: <11.5°). For EMG, a significant effect of weight, height and a weight x height interaction (anterior: p < 0.001; middle: p < 0.03) were observed for RMS EMG activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that wireless EMG and IMUs are valid units that can be used to measure physical demand in workplace assessments.
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Gómez Echeverry, Lesly Lisbeth, Anyi Melissa Jaramillo Henao, Madeleine Angélica Ruiz Molina, Sandra Milena Velásquez Restrepo, Camilo Andrés Páramo Velásquez, and Gabriel Jaime Silva Bolívar. "Human motion capture and analysis systems: a systematic review/Sistemas de captura y análisis de movimiento cinemático humano: una revisión sistemática." Prospectiva 16, no. 2 (July 29, 2018): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v16i2.1587.
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El movimiento humano ha sido sujeto de numerosas investigaciones, principalmente en las ciencias biomédicas, ciencias del deporte y animación 3D. Dada la gran cantidad de tecnologías disponibles en el mercado, surge la necesidad de realizar una vigilancia tecnológica que determine sus principales ventajas y limitaciones, aplicaciones y situación actual de Colombia en cuanto a estudios que involucren este tipo de tecnologías. Para lograrlo, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica a nivel global, siguiendo los parámetros de las metodologías PRISMA y PRISMA P-2015. Se encontró que las tecnologías cinemáticas de análisis de movimiento se dividen en ópticos, inerciales y magnéticos, dónde los sistemas ópticos reportan el mayor número de publicaciones, siendo la tecnología Vicon la más utilizada, debido al gran abanico de aplicaciones que presenta. En cuanto a Colombia, se evidencia poca participación en estos estudios, por lo que se debe fortalecer esta competencia tanto a nivel académico como empresarial.
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Matsumoto, Kenta, Nobutaka Tsujiuchi, Akihito Ito, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Masahiko Ueda, and Kosuke Okazaki. "Proposal of Golf Swing Analysis Method Using Singular Value Decomposition." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049091.
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We analyzed the relationship between the cooperative actions of golf swings and the differences in swing trajectory. To extract cooperative actions from different swings, we acquired swing data in an experiment on an experienced golfer who swung with two different trajectories. We measured the swings with motion capture system (VICON). We built an observance matrix from the collected positional data and conducted singular value decomposition (SVD) on it. The SVD yielded the cooperative actions as independent modes. Next, we compared the cooperative actions of different swing trajectories in the main mode. The results indicate that the analysis of the golf swing could be divided into a dominant behavior and an accompanying behavior.
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Kamari, Mahgolzahra, Randeep Rakwal, Takuya Yoshida, Satoru Tanigawa, and Seita Kuki. "Correlation of Kinematics and Kinetics of Changing Sagittal Plane Body Position during Landing and the Risk of Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 7773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177773.
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common knee injuries that negatively affect athletes’ future performance and return to play. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of kinematics and kinetics of changing sagittal plane body position during landing and the risk of non-contact ACL injury. Seven university female (age 19.57 ± 0.79 y, height 164.21 ± 8.11 m, weight 60.43 ± 5.99 kg) athletes playing soccer and handball, and with ≥ two years of training volunteered for this research. Three trunk positions: Lean Forward Landing (LFL), Self-selected Landing (SSL), and Upright Landing (URL)—via double/single-leg landing—were captured by a high-speed VICON motion capture system. A 3 × 2 two-way within-subjects ANOVA and Multiple Bonferroni corrected pairwise were used to test for condition (LFL, SSL, URL) and task (single/double-leg) effects (p≤ 0.05). The findings indicated that landing with a deeper knee flexion angle (LFL) would lead to smaller impact forces when compared to upright landing.
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Lei, Yuanyuan, and Fang Yang. "Simulation Analysis and Study of Gait Stability Related to Motion Joints." BioMed Research International 2022 (July 29, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8417089.
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Gait stability in exercise is an inevitable and vexing problem in mechanics, artificial intelligence, sports, and rehabilitation medicine research. With the rapid development and popularization of science and technology, it becomes a reality for researchers to obtain large-scale human motion data sets in real time with higher efficiency. However, at present, the analysis of gait stability of moving joints is still based on image recognition technology, which is ten times less accurate and inefficient. In this paper, Vicon 3D motion capture system, dynamometer, and surface electromyography system were used to obtain the parameters of the lower limbs of the subjects. Using Anywhere modeling and simulation system, simulation experiments were carried out, and the reaction force data of lower limb joints under two environments were obtained. The gait characteristics of human gait were analyzed from the angle of internal and external adjustment mechanism. Combining one-way ANOVA and incremental occupancy rate, the adjustment process of gait stability is described comprehensively. The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the research of lower limb con-assistive devices and can guide the design and development of bipedal anthropomorphic robots.
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Palacios, Filiberto Muñoz, Eduardo Steed Espinoza Quesada, Guillaume Sanahuja, Sergio Salazar, Octavio Garcia Salazar, and Luis Rodolfo Garcia Carrillo. "Test bed for applications of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 172988141668711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881416687111.
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This article addresses the development and implementation of a test bed for applications of heterogeneous unmanned vehicle systems. The test bed consists of unmanned aerial vehicles (Parrot AR.Drones versions 1 or 2, Parrot SA, Paris, France, and Bebop Drones 1.0 and 2.0, Parrot SA, Paris, France), ground vehicles (WowWee Rovio, WowWee Group Limited, Hong Kong, China), and the motion capture systems VICON and OptiTrack. Such test bed allows the user to choose between two different options of development environments, to perform aerial and ground vehicles applications. On the one hand, it is possible to select an environment based on the VICON system and LabVIEW (National Instruments) or robotics operating system platforms, which make use the Parrot AR.Drone software development kit or the Bebop_autonomy Driver to communicate with the unmanned vehicles. On the other hand, it is possible to employ a platform that uses the OptiTrack system and that allows users to develop their own applications, replacing AR.Drone’s original firmware with original code. We have developed four experimental setups to illustrate the use of the Parrot software development kit, the Bebop Driver (AutonomyLab, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada), and the original firmware replacement for performing a strategy that involves both ground and aerial vehicle tracking. Finally, in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed test bed for the implementation of advanced controllers, we present experimental results of the implementation of three consensus algorithms: static, adaptive, and neural network, in order to accomplish that a team of multiagents systems move together to track a target.
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Shmelev, Valeriy Viktorovich, O. I. Vorontsova, L. A. Goncharova, and M. D. Rasulov. "The electrophysiological criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with the use of the Sheno corset and acupuncture." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 15, no. 6 (December 15, 2016): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1681-3456-2016-15-6-301-304.
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This article was designed to present the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined conservative treatment of grade II and III idiopathic scoliosis in 37 patients at the age from 12 to 16 years with the use of the Sheno corset, acupuncture, and therapeutic physical exercises. The evaluation was based on the study of dynamic and electromyographic characteristics and the data obtained before, during and after the treatment with the help of the diagnostic Vicon T40 motion capture system. The study has demonstrated the changes in the nervous-muscular apparatus of the skeletal muscles, such as a significant increase of conductivity, that developed under effect of the treatment. They confirm the effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic modality.
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Qian, Dan Dan, Yun Tao Li, Yang Shu, Yao Dong Gu, Yan Zhang, Jan Awrejcewicz, and Xue Wen Jia. "Dynamic Balance Analysis under Different Lower Extremities Tortuosity." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 30 (January 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.30.31.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the balance of different condition of grounds through changing the inclines, and investigate the influence of lower extremities in different inclines. 20 healthy young males were taken as experimental participants. The Six-degree-of-freedom Motion Platform was taken to change the inclines to: -5°,0°,5°,10°. The Vicon three-dimension motion analysis system was utilized to capture the spatiotemporal parameters and the three-dimensional coordinates of lower extremities. On uphill, incline had no significant impact on balance. But tortuosity of hip and knee could significantly increase with the incline. On downhill, balance was significantly less than flat. Tortuosity of knee joint was significant larger than it on the flat ground. The mobility of hip and knee joint was large on uphill; the mobility of knee is large on downhill, but the balance was reduced. These could provide useful biomechanics information on clinical evaluation with dynamic balance. The result might have great significance to the lower extremities rehabilitation.
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Neave, Nick, Kristofor McCarty, Jeanette Freynik, Nicholas Caplan, Johannes Hönekopp, and Bernhard Fink. "Male dance moves that catch a woman's eye." Biology Letters 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2010): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0619.
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Male movements serve as courtship signals in many animal species, and may honestly reflect the genotypic and/or phenotypic quality of the individual. Attractive human dance moves, particularly those of males, have been reported to show associations with measures of physical strength, prenatal androgenization and symmetry. Here we use advanced three-dimensional motion-capture technology to identify possible biomechanical differences between women's perceptions of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ male dancers. Nineteen males were recorded using the ‘Vicon’ motion-capture system while dancing to a basic rhythm; controlled stimuli in the form of avatars were then created in the form of 15 s video clips, and rated by 39 females for dance quality. Initial analyses showed that 11 movement variables were significantly positively correlated with perceived dance quality. Linear regression subsequently revealed that three movement measures were key predictors of dance quality; these were variability and amplitude of movements of the neck and trunk, and speed of movements of the right knee. In summary, we have identified specific movements within men's dance that influence women's perceptions of dancing ability. We suggest that such movements may form honest signals of male quality in terms of health, vigour or strength, though this remains to be confirmed.
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Menzel, Tobias, and Wolfgang Potthast. "Validation of a Unique Boxing Monitoring System." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21216947.
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Much development work and scientific research has been conducted in recent years in the field of detecting human activity and the measurement of biomechanical performance parameters using portable sensor technologies, so-called wearable systems. Despite the fact that boxers participating in one of the most vigorous and complex disciplines of all sports, it is one of the disciplines where no noteworthy, advanced performance analytic tools are used for training or for competition purposes worldwide. This research aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive punch performance sensor system for the measurement and analysis of biomechanical parameters in the sport of boxing. A comprehensive validation study on linear regression was conducted following the development of the sensor system, between the gold standard of a Kistler force plate and Vicon motion capture system, to compare sensor-derived measurements with the gold standard-derived measurements. The developed sensor system demonstrated high accuracies ranging from R2 = 0.97 to R2 = 0.99 for punch force, acceleration, velocity and punch-time data. The validation experiments conducted demonstrated the significant accuracy of the sensor-derived measurements for predicting boxing-specific biomechanical movement parameters while punching in field use. Thus, this paper presents a unique sensor system for comprehensive measurements of biomechanical parameters using the developed mobile measurement system in the field of combat sports
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Zhang, Chunzhao, Mingjie Dong, Jianfeng Li, and Qiang Cao. "A Modified Kinematic Model of Shoulder Complex Based on Vicon Motion Capturing System: Generalized GH Joint with Floating Centre." Sensors 20, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133713.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the complex coupling motion of shoulder mechanism, only a small amount of quantitative information is available in the existing literature, although various kinematic models of the shoulder complex have been proposed. This study focused on the specific motion coupling relationship between glenohumeral (GH) joint center displacement variable quantity relative to the thorax coordinate system and humeral elevation angle to describe the shoulder complex. The mechanism model of shoulder complex was proposed with an algorithm designed. Subsequently, twelve healthy subjects performed right arm raising, lowering, as well as raising and lowering (RAL) movements in sixteen elevation planes, and the motion information of the markers attached to the thorax, scapula, and humerus was captured by using Vicon motion capturing system. Then, experimental data was processed and the generalized GH joint with floating center was quantized. Simultaneously, different coupling characteristics were detected during humerus raising as well as lowering movements. The motion coupling relationships in different phases were acquired, and a modified kinematic model was established, with the description of overall motion characteristics of shoulder complex validated by comparing the results with a prior kinematic model from literature, showing enough accuracy for the design of upper limb rehabilitation robots.
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Buckley, Nicholas, Paul Davey, Lynn Jensen, Kevin Baptist, Bas Jansen, Amity Campbell, and Jenny Downs. "Can Wearable Inertial Measurement Units Be Used to Measure Sleep Biomechanics? Establishing Initial Feasibility and Validity." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010002.
Full textAbstract:
Wearable motion sensors, specifically, Inertial Measurement Units, are useful tools for the assessment of orientation and movement during sleep. The DOTs platform (Xsens, Enschede, The Netherlands) has shown promise for this purpose. This pilot study aimed to assess its feasibility and validity for recording sleep biomechanics. Feasibility was assessed using four metrics: Drift, Battery Life, Reliability of Recording, and Participant Comfort. Each metric was rated as Stop (least successful), Continue But Modify Protocol, Continue But Monitor Closely, or Continue Without Modifications (most successful). A convenience sample of ten adults slept for one night with a DOT unit attached to their sternum, abdomen, and left and right legs. A survey was administered the following day to assess participant comfort wearing the DOTs. A subset of five participants underwent a single evaluation in a Vicon (Oxford Metrics, England, Oxford) motion analysis lab to assess XSENS DOTs’ validity. With the two systems recording simultaneously, participants were prompted through a series of movements intended to mimic typical sleep biomechanics (rolling over in lying), and the outputs of both systems were compared to assess the level of agreement. The DOT platform performed well on all metrics, with Drift, Battery Life, and Recording Reliability being rated as Continue Without Modifications. Participant Comfort was rated as Continue But Monitor Closely. The DOT Platform demonstrated an extremely high level of agreement with the Vicon motion analysis lab (difference of < 0.025°). Using the Xsens DOT platform to assess sleep biomechanics is feasible and valid in adult populations. Future studies should further investigate the feasibility of using this data capture method for extended periods (e.g., multiple days) and in other groups (e.g., paediatric populations).
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Fu, Lin, Yaodong Gu, Qichang Mei, Julien S. Baker, and Justin Fernandez. "A kinematics analysis of the lower limb during running with different sports shoes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118784415.
Full textAbstract:
The study aimed to investigate the differences in lower limb joint angles during running with three different sports shoes: basketball shoes, football shoes, and running shoes. Fifteen male subjects (age: 25 ± 2.2 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.05 m, and mass: 70.8 ± 3.4 kg) were asked to run on a treadmill at their preferred running speed. The Vicon 3D motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematics of the lower extremity during running. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether any statistical significance existed between the three types of shoes (α < 0.05). Significant differences existed in the lower limb joints between the three sports shoes, particularly at the knee joint. Running shoes presented more knee flexion than basketball shoes and football shoes. In the frontal plane, basketball shoes showed less knee abduction than running shoes and football shoes. No significant difference occurred in ankle external rotation between basketball shoes and football shoes, and both of them presented greater range of motion of the ankle and knee than running shoes.