Academic literature on the topic 'Victim experience/ perceptions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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Lambert, Eric G., Brad Smith, James Geistman, Terry Cluse-Tolar, and Shanhe Jiang. "Do Men and Women Differ in Their Perceptions of Stalking: An Exploratory Study Among College Students." Violence and Victims 28, no. 2 (2013): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.09-201.
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Stalking is a crime that can terrify its victims and ultimately take a severe emotional toll. Although a growing body of research has examined stalking experiences and reactions of victims, there has been far less research on whether men and women differ in their perceptions of stalking. Toward this end, a survey of college students at a large public 4-year Midwestern university was undertaken. We examined differences in how men and women view stalking and whether gender differences were moderated by prior stalking experience. Specifically, we examined whether there were gender differences in perceptions of the pervasiveness of stalking, the harm stalking does, who tends to be stalked, if stalking mainly involves former relational partners, possible motivations for stalking, the line between courtship and stalking, and notions of victim blaming. We found significant differences in stalking views between men and women on all the measures, except for perceptions of the line between courtship and stalking. Women tended to perceive stalking as more pervasive and harmful. Men were more likely to perceive stalking as involving strangers and to blame the victim for the stalking. Female and male respondents also differed in their perceptions of motivations for stalking. Prior victim stalking experience did not moderate the gender differences. Although being a prior stalking victim had a significant association with 4 of the 7 stalking perception variables, its effect sizes were smaller than that of gender.
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Preble, Kathleen M., and Beverly M. Black. "Influence of Survivors’ Entrapment Factors and Traffickers’ Characteristics on Perceptions of Interpersonal Social Power During Exit." Violence Against Women 26, no. 1 (2019): 110–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219826742.
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Typically examined in terms of understanding vulnerabilities to and the scope of human trafficking, not much is understood about interpersonal dynamics in human trafficking experiences. This article explores human trafficking victims’ ( n = 31, female, international) perceptions of traffickers’ interpersonal social power during the exiting phase of the trafficking experience. Findings from this study revealed that entrapment factors and shared common characteristics between victim and trafficker prior to trafficking influenced perceptions of interpersonal social power. Understanding victims’ perceptions of interpersonal social power is critical to developing trauma-informed targeted services for exiting assistance and aftercare services for this population.
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O’Shea, Brittany, Becky Feicht, Marion Brown, and Matthew Numer. "What’s in a label? Exploring rape myth and rape culture discourses embedded in perceptions of victims and survivors." Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 33, no. 3 (2024): 417–28. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs-2024-0027.
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Feminist scholars have long asserted that the label assigned to someone after an experience of sexual violence (e.g., victim or survivor) can shape personal outcomes due to the internalization of societal perceptions of these labels. While there is a growing body of literature on the effects of self-labelling, the societal perceptions of victims and survivors are less explored, with little understanding as to how dominant discourses such as rape culture and rape myths are embedded into these perceptions. Adopting from critical discourse analysis and feminist poststructuralism, we offer critical feminist poststructuralism (CFPS) as a useful framework for understanding discursively shaped societal perceptions of victims and survivors. Considering the presence of rape culture and rape myths on university campuses, we set out to explore the potentially mediated nature of rape myths and rape culture discourse and perceptions of victims and survivors among undergraduate students. Electronically submitted responses to an online prompt were analyzed using CFPS to explore how victim and survivor discourses were activated through language and institutional and social discourses of rape culture and rape myth. We describe four dominant threads of discourse from our analysis that suggest sexual violence labels function as regulatory mechanisms for rape myth and rape culture discourse. The findings highlight the need for continued applied work on the multiplicity of victim and survivor identities produced through rape culture and rape myth discourse.
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Soldatova, Galina, Svetlana Chigarkova, and Elena Rasskazova. "Collisions and Perceptions of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Intergenerational Experiences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9 (2024): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091148.
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With regard to negative consequences, cyberbullying is recognized as one of the most traumatic types of cyber aggression. The aim is to study the specific features of adolescents and youth’s cyberbullying experience in the role of an aggressor, victim or bystander, as well as awareness on the part of parents of adolescents. A total of 3395 adolescents, youth and parents filled out specially designed questionnaires. Older adolescents turned out to be at higher risk of cyberbullying. In two-thirds of cases, cyberbullying is related to real-life incidents. Aggressors are motivated by domination and entertainment, primarily employing strategies of social exclusion, harassment and denigration. As victims of cyberbullying, younger adolescents turn to their parents and friends for social support, whereas older adolescents and young adults are more likely turn to their peers. In the role of a bystander, almost half of younger adolescents and about a third of older adolescents and young adults choose the prosocial strategy of protecting a victim. The parents often underestimate the experience of encountering cyberbullying or find it difficult to assess such experience. The identified risk groups and strategies and the lack of parents’ awareness are important to take into account when drawing up cyberbullying prevention programs.
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Scott, Adrian J., and Jeff Gavin. "Revenge pornography: the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility." Journal of Criminal Psychology 8, no. 2 (2018): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-05-2017-0024.
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Purpose Drawing on gender-role stereotypes and defensive attribution theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of perpetrator-victim sex, observer sex and observer sexting experience on perceptions of seriousness and responsibility in the context of revenge pornography. Design/methodology/approach In total, 239 university students read one of two versions of a hypothetical scenario, responded to items concerning their perceptions of the situation described, and responded to items concerning their sexting experience. Findings Men were more likely to believe the situation was serious when it involved a male perpetrator and a female victim rather than vice versa. However, perpetrator-victim sex did not influence women’s perceptions. Participants without sexting experience were more likely than participants with sexting experience to believe the situation was serious, and to hold the victim responsible. Originality/value Whilst there is a growing body of literature regarding revenge pornography from a legal perspective, there is little research on perceptions of revenge pornography situations. As the use of intimate images in relationships continues to rise, it is important to understand people’s attitudes and the extra-legal factors that shape them.
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Putri, Angely Lina, and Sekaring Ayumeida Kusnadi. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN VICTIM BLAMING DALAM ALIRAN REALISME HUKUM PADA KASUS KEKERASAN SEKSUAL." Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (2024): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v8i2.8709.
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Victims of sexual violence do not receive justice and legal protection, but instead receive victim blaming behavior from society. Legal protection for victims and finding the role of legal realism in overcoming victim blaming behavior is very necessary. Therefore, this research aims to understand legal protection for victims of sexual violence by victim blaming based on realism. This research uses a normative juridical method. By using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Violence against women is a violation of human rights that must be condemned and acted upon. The Indonesian government has issued various laws and regulations to protect women from violence, discrimination and intimidation. The role of legal realism is to control social perceptions so as not to blame victims for the crimes they experience. This research provides an understanding of sexual violence which causes victim blaming, actions and explains legal protection rules and legal realism to provide direction to the public so that they no longer blame the victim for the crimes that happened to him.
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McGlynn, Clare, and Nicole Westmarland. "Kaleidoscopic Justice: Sexual Violence and Victim-Survivors’ Perceptions of Justice." Social & Legal Studies 28, no. 2 (2018): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663918761200.
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This article proposes a more multifaceted way of thinking about victim-survivors’ perceptions of justice; what we have termed ‘kaleidoscopic justice’. Developed from an empirical investigation with 20 victim-survivors of sexual violence, kaleidoscopic justice understands justice as a constantly shifting pattern; justice constantly refracted through new experiences or understandings; justice as an ever-evolving, nuanced and lived experience. Within this framework, a number of justice themes emerged, namely justice as consequences, recognition, dignity, voice, prevention and connectedness. This approach develops current understandings, in particular by emphasizing the fluidity of justice, as well as the centrality of prevention and connectedness in sexual violence survivors’ understandings of justice. We suggest that it is only by better understanding victim-survivor perspectives on justice, and embedding the concept of kaleidoscopic justice, that we can begin to address the sexual violence ‘justice gap’.
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Forget, Audrey-Anne, Mariève Vandervoort, and Martin L. Lalumière. "University students’ perspectives on physiological sexual arousal in victims of sexual assault: The role of gender and rape myths." Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 33, no. 3 (2024): 340–56. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs-2024-0021.
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Are university students aware that physiological sexual arousal (i.e., erection, lubrication, orgasm) may occur in victims during a sexual assault? In this study, we examined this question and the role of the gender of the participant, the gender of the victim, and the gender of the perpetrator on perceptions of physiological sexual arousal in sexual assault victims. They also examined the link between endorsement of rape myths and these perceptions. A sample of 477 female and 230 male students was recruited and invited to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included an adapted version of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance–Short Form (IRMA-SF) scale, along with questions about perceptions of sexual arousal in various scenarios of sexual assault. In general, students agreed that physiological sexual arousal could occur in some victims. Particularly, students overall judged sexual arousal to be most likely when both the perpetrator and the victim are men. For erection in male victims specifically, male students believed it to be more plausible when the perpetrator is a woman. Female students thought that lubrication is more likely to occur than male students did, regardless of the gender of the perpetrator. Endorsement of rape myths was negatively associated with the belief that it is possible for a victim to experience sexual arousal during a sexual assault. Almost all participants asserted that there is not enough awareness of this phenomenon, which highlights the potential implications of this study for educational initiatives.
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Shrestha, Aishworya, and Tika Bahadur Thakuri. "Gender-Based Violence Through the Victim’s Lens." Shahid Kirti Multidisciplinary Journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/skmj.v2i2.62499.
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One in three women worldwide experience gender-based violence (GBV), predominantly by someone familiar (WHO). This study explores how Nepali victims understand personal incidents of GBV and its impacts, addressing gaps in victim-centered perspectives. Despite extensive literature on GBV, victims’ narratives are rarely spotlighted; “justice” is often academically-defined. Using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 37 women, we examined research questions on victims’ perceptions of GBV events and effects afterwards. Thematic analysis revealed high GBV prevalence, especially for girls, yet chronically underreported due to factors like shame, stigma, mental health tolls, doubts over evidentiary support, masculinity constructs, and judicial distrust. Child abuse by acquaintances was salient, reflecting trust exploitation. Ultimately findings expose alarming yet overlooked violence against Nepali women and girls amidst normalization and victim-blaming attitudes. Centering survivors’ voices spotlights vital individual and systemic transformations required to address this epidemic. Insights provide a victim-based understanding of GBV to inform rights-centric responses.
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Halfon, Carolyne Georgiana, Destiny McCray, and Danica Kulibert. "Do People Judge Sexual Harassment Differently Based on the Type of Job a Victim Has?" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 757. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060757.
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Victims of sexual harassment report facing barriers and retaliation for reporting their sexual harassment. The current study assessed one potential reason for these issues: perceptions of sexual harassment events. Participants (N = 427) read about different sexual harassment events and were told that the woman in the event worked with a masculine (e.g., EMT, school police officer, plumber) or feminine job (e.g., nurse, teacher, cleaning staff). Across three different sexual harassment claims (e.g., unwanted romantic attention, physical groping, being shown sexually explicit images), participants reported that women in masculine jobs were less prototypical women than women in feminine jobs. Furthermore, these perceptions of prototypicality impacted how participants viewed the victim’s sexual harassment event. The less a person views a victim as a typical woman, the less likely they are to label the victim’s experience as sexual harassment. The results suggest that perceptions of sexual harassment are directly impacted by how people view a victim. Implications around prototypes of women and sexual harassment claims are discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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O'Neill, C. "Victim and non-victim perceptions and experiences of cyber-harassing and cyberstalking behaviours." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2011. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/241/.
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People are increasingly using the Internet and mobile phone technology to communicate with others in their daily lives. Despite researchers' claims that cyber-harassment is becoming increasingly widespread, little is known about the phenomenon. This thesis adopted a mixed methods approach to gain a holistic understanding of the experience of cyber-harassment, how it is perceived by non-victims, and police officers' perceptions of, and role in combating the crime. Although cyber-harassment is a crime within the UK, prosecuted using the Protection from Harassment Act (1997), few may perceive it as such due to the virtual nature of the perpetrator's behaviour. Using data gathered in an online survey completed by 320 undergraduate students, principal axis factoring revealed three dimensions underlying perceived criminality of 18 cyber-harassing behaviours – deception/disclosure, harassing messages, and malicious software. Sending malicious software and harassing messages were perceived as criminal but participants were unsure about more ambiguous acts associated with deceiving or disclosing information to the victim. High Internet self-efficacious individuals (i.e., those who feel more in control of online interactions) were more likely than low Internet self-efficacious individuals to perceive malicious software as criminal. Low-agreeable individuals were more likely than high-agreeable individuals to perceive harassing messages as criminal. Whilst personality and Internet self-efficacy influenced perceived criminality for some cyber-harassing behaviours the findings were not consistent. However, females were more likely than males to perceive harassing messages and behaviours associated with deception/disclosure as criminal. Males were more likely than females to perceive sending malicious software as criminal. Participants reported experiencing a range of cyber-harassing behaviours and males were more likely than females to receive malicious software, be subscribed to unwanted services, receive abusive/threatening messages via the Internet, or to report that someone sent their friends/family/work colleagues email messages in an attempt to damage their reputation. Internet self-efficacious individuals were less likely to receive harassing messages via the Internet or be subscribed to unwanted services. Agreeable individuals were less likely to receive harassing messages to their phone, and neurotic individuals were unlikely to be subscribed to unwanted services. Participants' ratings of upset following their experience of cyber-harassing behaviours were positively associated with the number of behaviours they experienced, and females were more upset than males. Personality and Internet self-efficacy were not associated with ratings of upset but upset was associated with specific behaviours, indicating that the nature of cyber-harassment was problematic for participants. Furthermore, interpretative phenomenological analysis of 12 victims' experiences revealed the impact of cyber-harassment resembled PTSD-like symptoms, highlighting the detrimental impact cyber-harassment can have on victims. Despite the impact of cyber-harassment reported by victims, the qualitative research conducted for this thesis revealed that the virtual nature of their experiences caused confusion, as they struggled to understand whether their experiences were real in comparison to their offline experiences. The views of 17 non-victims and 8 police officers were subjected to thematic analysis which revealed victim-blaming tendencies. Non-victims were likely to blame the victim for their experiences and would offer support if they had adequate knowledge of the victim and evidence of cyber-harassing incidences. Police involvement in cyber-harassing cases was dependent on threats being made to the victim, and victims were perceived as unhelpful in providing evidence and following their advice. Non-victims viewed perpetrators more sympathetically than victims, and there was little understanding about the impact that cyber-harassment can have on victims. The findings from this research are discussed in terms of psychological theory, and suggest that 'just world' beliefs may play an important role in perceptions of cyber-harassment. A caveat is raised that the findings from this research are drawn from small, qualitative studies but the research provides some interesting insights to cyber-harassment, and it is hoped that the findings will be transferable to future research investigating the phenomenon.
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Tossone, Krystel Josephene. "EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PROVIDERS' TREATMENT OF SEXUAL ASSAULT VICTIMS: BEHAVIORS, EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427969701.
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Jenkins, Tamera. "Offence-related effects and perceptions of forgiveness: Experiences of victims and offenders." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/376761.
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This thesis explores crime and forgiveness from the perspectives of victims and perpetrators. While extensive research exists on the traumatic or harmful effects of crime for victims (Davis & Friedman, 1985; Frieze, Hymer, & Greenberg, 1987; Janoff-Bulman, 1989; Orth, Montada, & Maercker, 2006) far less research exists on the effect that criminal wrongdoing has on the perpetrator (Collins & Bailey, 1990; MacNair 2002a). The literature likewise holds little in the way of explicating how victims and offenders may be able mitigate such effects. One factor that appears to make a difference in this respect is forgiveness. Yet while forgiveness has received more attention in the religious and psychological literatures, there is much less known about its impacts in relationship to the effects of crime.
In this study I seek to gain a richer and more nuanced understanding of the effects of crime and forgiveness in the lives of victims and offenders. As the focus of this study is the understanding of forgiveness from the perspectives of victims and offenders, as well as an examination of how they view forgiveness as affecting their lives, I utilized an interpretive phenomenological approach. Interpretive phenomenology provides a methodological framework from which to explore detailed and intimate understandings of people’s lives as they seek to make sense of and live in their social worlds (Reiners, 2012; van Manen, 1990); in this case for victims and perpetrators of crime. Towards this goal, in this study I employed semi-structured, in-depth interviews, conducted with a purposeful sample of 12 victims and 19 offenders ranging in age from 19 to 70. Following these interviews, I utilized an iterative process of data analysis, involving multiple readings of the interview transcripts and three divisions of coding which facilitated the identification of emergent and master themes within each case and superordinate themes which occurred across cases.
In this study, I find that victims and offenders are decidedly affected by the harms they received and/or perpetrated, and that many credit forgiveness with restoring their psychological and emotional well-being as it released them from the distressing aftereffects of the crime they experienced. In my analysis of 31 interviews with victims and offenders, I developed seven themes used to explain the offence-related effects experienced by participants from their perspectives. Victims reported suffering ‘traumatic effects’ in the form of mental, behavioural, and somatic outcomes. Crime victimisation also created ‘threats to identity and self’ for many victims. In the aftermath of the crime victims often explained their ‘lost faith in a just world’ or having ‘unmet justice needs’. Offenders reported experiencing ‘challenged lives’ in the form of mental, emotional and future effects due to their criminal behaviour. They also explained significant impression management strategies as a way to ‘save face’ as they engaged in what I call ‘blame talk’ as a means to either accept or reject blame. In the second part of my focus, namely the effects of forgiveness on victims and offenders, I analysed the interviews to develop several themes related to how participants explained their understanding of forgiveness, or how they understood it to have affected their lives. Victims’ conceptualised forgiveness in terms of both ‘victim-focused’ and ‘offender-focused benefits’. Victims also perceived forgiveness in terms of its restorative and transformative ‘functions’ in their lives. Offenders viewed forgiveness in terms of ‘giving’ and ‘receiving’ it as a part of the way they made sense of what it felt like or meant to them to be the forgiver and the role they played with respect to receiving forgiveness. Most offenders believed forgiveness assisted them in ‘moving forward’ with their lives. Of particular salience for offenders was ‘self-forgiveness’ and forgiveness they receive from loved ones.
This study makes contributions to both theoretical and applied knowledge regarding the complex needs of victims and offenders in terms of how they make sense of their experiences in the aftermath of crime. Theoretically, the findings of the study suggest that forgiveness may be an effective means for mitigating the offence-related effects experienced by both victims and offenders. In terms of applied knowledge, a keener understanding of the viewpoints of victims and offenders has practical applications as it may assist those such as clinicians, service providers, and criminal justice professionals involved in the treatment or custodial care of both victims and offenders in the creation and implementation of treatment programs and protocols that would better address the complex needs of those who have experienced deleterious effects as a consequence of the harms they received and/or perpetrated.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Crim & Crim Justice<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Heron, Rebecca. "The experiences and perceptions of victims of domestic violence in disclosure to health care professionals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716482.
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Approximately two women are killed each week by a former or current partner (Coleman & Osbourne, 2010); yet many people ask why women stay in their respective relationships. The aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences and perceptions of victims in disclosure to the health care service, as for many victims this may be their first point of contact (Richardson & Feder, 1996). This thesis contains a systematic review, an empirical research study, a case study and a critique of a psychometric measure. Overall, the findings of this thesis demonstrate that although victims' decisions to leave their abusive partners can be difficult, there are certain factors that may help victims to leave such as receiving external support. The systematic review in this thesis investigated the experiences and perceptions of victims in disclosure to the health care service; the review revealed a lack of studies in the UK in this area. However, the findings of this review were still deemed to be useful as they provided insight into the barriers and facilitators that women experience when disclosing to the health care service. An empirical investigation was also conducted that explored the experiences of disclosure of 29 victims to the UK health service; barriers and facilitators were identified that supported the findings from the systematic review. The case study of a female who had experienced domestic violence was used in this thesis. This case study supported the fact that victims may develop low self-esteem as a result of abuse and may benefit from psychological interventions. A critique of the Abusive Behaviour Inventory (ABI), a psychometric measure used in both empirical studies, was included in this thesis and recommendations were made to improve the tool’s use. This tool failed to take into consideration individual differences in victims.
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Thomas-Davis, Lekesha Levette. "The Lived Experiences of Counselors Who Work With Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6137.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health concern that affects victims, families, and the communities. Master's level counselors, who work in mental health settings, are in key positions to provide identification and intervention services to female victims of IPV with mental health issues. This study explored the lived experiences of master's level counselors who worked with female victims of IPV to gather a deeper meaning into the values, attitudes, and beliefs that master's level counselors hold in working with female victims of IPV. This study was conducted as a hermeneutic phenomenological study through a feminist poststructuralist lens to guide the research. The 5 participants in the study obtained a master's degree from a CACREP accredited counseling program and have worked with female victims of IPV. Semistructured interview questions were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using first and second cycle coding. NVivo 12 software was used to organize the data. Key findings indicated that participants valued their work with victims of IPV but believed that there were not enough resources available to properly assist clients. Participants also acknowledged that they did not receive training in their master's programs to equip them to successfully work with victims of IPV. The results of this research study may inform counselor education programs by increasing awareness of needed improvements in training and education of master's level counselors may improve overall treatment provided to this population. Improved treatment may decrease the number of health concerns, in turn decreasing the number of emergency room visits and improving the overall family dynamic.
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Manuel, Meegan Candice. "The experience and perception of sexual harassment in the workplace." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6319.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom (IPS)<br>Sexual harassment in the workplace continues to be experienced by many women
around the world. Men may also be sexually harassed in the workplace by women or
by other men. Given the pronounced attention accorded over the last few months to
high ranking individuals within South Africa and the USA who have allegedly been
involved in incidences of sexual harassment, the study is timely. The focus of sexual
harassment studies within the workplace is furthermore important as it affects the
employees, employers and the workplace as a whole.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions
of sexual harassment of employees of an information technology company.
Information technology has typically been a male dominated occupation, and
prevailing traditional, paternalistic attitudes may adversely impact on women's choice
and pursuit of a career in this field. However, South African legislation, promulgated to
enhance the intake of women and marginalised groups, has sought to strengthen
gender equality and, concomitantly, the participation of women in information
technology.
The current research was conducted by administering the Sexual Harassment
Experience Questionnaire and Perception of Sexual Harassment Questionnaire to a
sample of 131 employees. These questionnaires were distributed via email within one
organisation and four regional branches of the same organisation.
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Williams, William Patrick. "Students' Perceptions of Bullying after the Fact: A Qualitative Study of College Students' Bullying Experiences in Their K-12 Schooling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29864.
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Today students confront more than writing, reading, and arithmetic in school. Students witness and participate in various forms of bullying at an alarming rate. As educators we must help create an environment that is conducive for all students to learn. This study examines college studentsâ definitions and perceptions of incidents of bullying that they witnessed, or where they were the victim or perpetrator. Through 41 in-depth interviews and utilizing the constant comparative method of analysis, themes were identified including reasons students bully and are bullied, such as: weight, size, clothing, being perceived as different, sexual preferences, and placement in special education. Clothing as a reason for bullying emerged as a theme that was echoed by many of those interviewed. Whether it was the brand name of the clothes, where they were purchased, or the style of the clothes, several participants were bullied and bullied others because of clothing. Participantsâ definitions of bullying were from the perspective of those who are bullied, bully, and who have witnessed bullying, and included defining emotional bullying. Other students noted in their definitions the role of groups and the role of power in incidents of bullying. Unique to this study were participantsâ recollections of regrets. These regrets were from those participants who had participated as a bully or as a witness. In addition, themes that emerged in the data included: how students perceive teachersâ involvement in incidents of bullying, ways to reduce bullying in schools, where bullying occurs, and why some people bully.<br>Ph. D.
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McCune, Linda Wheeler. "Perception of Punitive Childhood Experiences, Adult Coping Mechanisms and Psychological Distress." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500628/.
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Differences in college student's psychological well-being, extrapunitiveness, and intropunitiveness were related to the presence or absence of maltreatment during childhood years, and its acknowledgement by the student. Subjects were 56 male and 85 female undergraduate students at the University of North Texas. Subjects were given structural scale v.3 of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), the Extrapunitive (E), and Intropunitive (I) indices of the Hostility-Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), and the Physical Punishment scale (PP-scale) of the Assessing Environments Questionnaire (AEIII). Results indicate no significant differences in psychological well-being, extrapunitiveness, or intropunitiveness, which would be explained by the presence of maltreatment or its acknowledgement.
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Sulistyaningsih, Ekandari Oratai Rauyajin. "Adolescent acquaintance rape survivors' experience of unwanted pregnancy : a study of perception, decision making, effects, and women's strategies in Yogyakarta, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4637970.pdf.
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Smith, Melissa. "The experiences and perceptions of individuals with stroke about the usefulness of the model of occupational self efficacy in a rural setting." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6923.
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Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT)<br>Individuals diagnosed with stroke particularly in rural communities have a poor return to work rate. Vocational rehabilitation has been used as an intervention strategy with various types of clients with disability or injury in order to improve their work skills. The aim of the proposed study is to describe the experiences and perceptions of individuals diagnosed with stroke about the usefulness of the Model of Occupational Self Efficacy in assisting them in returning to their worker role particularly in a rural setting. Eight participants were purposively selected from the data base of a local hospital and semi structured interviews were conducted with the participants until saturation occurred. Furthermore, two focus groups were conducted with eight participants. A key informant was also interviewed to assist the researcher with a different perspective and to avoid bias. The data was analysed by means of thematic analysis into codes, categories and themes. Trustworthiness was ensured by means of credibility, applicability, transferability and conformability. Informed consent and confidentiality was ensured. Permission was obtained from the UWC research committee and from the Department of Health.
Four themes were merged from the findings: Theme one: Obstacles which affects the return to work of CVA Participants in a rural community. Theme two: Establishing a strong belief in functional ability through occupation. Theme three: Adaptation strategies that enhances the work participation of stroke survivors in a rural community. Finally Theme four: The MOOSE enables transition to the worker role in a rural context. The findings revealed that the participants experienced a loss of their former self thus affecting their worker identity as they were no longer able to experience the gratification of fulfilling their worker role. This was due to the participants not being aware of the return to work options that they had. After the stroke the participants battled with not only overcoming their condition but also the stigma which the community and their employers had of stroke. Overcoming the stroke event and returning to work required that potential barriers and facilitators be identified by the participants and the researcher. The study also identified adaptation strategies that the participants utilised in order to overcome the barriers and assist the participants to have a smoother transition into the workplace.
In conclusion the findings of the study revealed that the participants suffer a loss of their former abilities and undergo a loss of their self-esteem. As a result of the loss, participants struggled to return to work not only due to their loss of abilities but also their lack of knowledge regarding return to work and stroke. The findings indicated that there should be more education regarding the stroke that needs to be conducted in communities via media such as local newspapers, local radio stations, clinics and hospitals. The findings of the study may assist Occupational Therapy practitioners to improve services in a rural community for stroke survivors and improve the facilitation of the return to work process after stroke. The MOOSE facilitates motivation for participants to regain their self-esteem and thus move forward to resume a worker role.<br>2020-08-31
Books on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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Maguire, Mike. Public perceptions and victims' experiences of victim support: Findings from the 1998 British Crime Survey. Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, 2000.
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Wemmers, Jo-Anne. Victims' experiences with expectations and perceptions of restorative justice: A critical review of the literature. Dept. of Justice, Canada, Research and Development Directorate, 2002.
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Cross, Breanda. Battered but not beaten: People, places and perceptions of the 2011 Toowoomba & Lockyer Valley Flood Experience. Association of Writers at Work, 2011.
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Berliner, Lucy. Sexual assault experiences and perceptions of community response to sexual assualt: A survey of Washington State women. Harborview Medical Center, 2001.
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Rape, Victims and Investigations: Experiences and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Reported Rapes. Routledge, 2014.
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Maier, Shana L. Rape, Victims, and Investigations: Experiences and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Reported Rapes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Maier, Shana L. Rape, Victims, and Investigations: Experiences and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Reported Rapes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Maier, Shana L. Rape, Victims, and Investigations: Experiences and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Reported Rapes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Rape, Victims, and Investigations: Experiences and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Officers Responding to Reported Rapes. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Lopez, Vera, and Lisa Pasko, eds. Latinas in the Criminal Justice System. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804634.001.0001.
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Latina girls and women have often been invisible in the U.S. legal systems of juvenile justice, criminal justice, and immigration as well as in the broader criminological research. Latinas in the Criminal Justice System: Victims, Targets, and Offenders remedies this deficit and investigates the histories, backgrounds, and struggles of system-impacted Latinas. It shares understandings about Latina girls’ and women’s experiences with victimization, law violations, and systems of surveillance and punishment. As a project of social justice, Latinas in the Criminal Justice System addresses how ethnicity, gender, class, sexuality, legal status, and/or carceral status shape perceptions, interactions, and system involvement. Employing a variety of methodologies and data, Latinas in the Criminal Justice System examines how Latina “victims” of interpersonal violence view their interactions with police officers and other systems actors, how Latina girls and women navigate the juvenile and criminal justice systems, and how undocumented Latina women experience the U.S. “crimmigration” system. The book concludes with suggestions for effective community-based programming.
Book chapters on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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Gavrielides, Theo. "Victims and offenders’ perceptions and experiences of restorative justice." In Routledge International Handbook of Restorative Justice. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315613512-9.
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Goltermann, Svenja. "Trauma and Morality (1945–2015)." In Victims. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897725.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter deals with the expansion of victim attributions in the last third of the 20th century. It starts with a focus on victimology–the scientific study of victims, which emerged in different international contexts during the 1950s–to analyze shifting perceptions of crime victimhood during the second half of the 20th century. The chapter shows how victims were initially often blamed for the crimes committed against them and were reluctant to be classified as such, a situation that changed for various reasons in the 1970s. Social movements played a crucial role, as did initiatives at the international level, culminating in a United Nations resolution defining the concept of “victim” so as to strengthen victims' rights in cases of both interpersonal and state crimes. However, new trauma concepts were even more significant in expanding attributions of victimhood, especially the official recognition of the "post-traumatic stress disorder” diagnosis in 1980 and its subsequent redefinitions. This diagnosis provided an entirely new basis for adopting the status of innocent victim. The revaluation of subjective experience was also critical. Finally, it is argued that implementing new conceptions of trauma raised new expectations for talking about the experience of violence and suffering. This has ambivalent effects: It engenders specific narratives about experiences of this kind, while making others disappear. This is similarly true of the figure of the victim. As the book shows in relation to South Africa, these processes can also be observed outside Europe.
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Heap, Vicky. "Conceptualising victims of antisocial behaviour is far from ‘ideal’." In Revisiting the “Ideal Victim”. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338765.003.0013.
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This chapter uses Christie’s (1986) ideal victim’s framework to critically deconstruct notions of anti-social behaviour (ASB) victimisation, by conceptualising individual and community experiences of ASB. An examination of 'personal' ASB (ONS, 2012) assesses how far Christie's thesis can be applied to individual victims of targeted non-criminal behaviour, with a focus on social housing, stigmatisation and vulnerability. As 'environmental' and 'nuisance' ASB (ONS, 2012) can be experienced by more than one victim, perceptions of communities suffering from ASB victimisation is also considered, with examples from both residential neighbourhoods and public spaces explored to provide a contemporary understanding of these phenomena. Overall, the chapter illustrates how political priorities, societal and media discourses, and hierarchies of victimisation make conceptualising victims of ASB far from ideal.
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Stefansen, Kari, and Gerd Marie Solstad. "Festovergrep." In Ungdommen. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.142.ch10.
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Youth, parties and drinking is a well-known mix. Most often it is social and fun. A sense of freedom can be present: You can do things that are prohibited in other circumstances. But sometimes things go wrong, boundaries are crossed, and someone ends up violated. This chapter explores such situations: sexual assaults that happen at parties or related to social drinking situations among youth. The aim is to understand the types of experience they represent for the victim: In what sense was the incident a violation? The empirical basis for our analysis is women’s narratives about party-related sexual assaults in their youth. The analysis points towards four main types of experience: manipulative assaults, opportunistically exploited vulnerability, situational appeal (effervescence) and scripted entrapment. These experiences are differentiated by the victim’s degree of agency in the sexual interaction and her interest in the assailant(s) or the social situation per se. We suggest that victims’ understandings of what happened to them hinge on how their experience relates to these dimensions. However, this is not the whole story. Victims’ interpretations of sexual assault situations are also impacted by their perception of the assailant’s position in the gender market: Situations involving assailants with low socio-sexual status are more often recognized as assaults.
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Quinn-Walker, Natalie. "Male domestic violence victims’ experience of healthcare services." In Diversity and Welfare Provision. Policy Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447365150.003.0012.
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Many victims of domestic abuse feel unable to report their experiences due to the stigmatisation or disbelief they may experience. Male victims further struggle due to society’s gendered expectations of masculinity. These embedded societal structure issues create barriers for male victims to report their abuse. This chapter will explore the experience of men undergoing domestic violence and their access to health services. The research provided men with the opportunity to share their stories of abuse and their perceptions regarding medical support (for injuries) and/or of reporting their abuse. The chapter considers the adequacy of support for male victims when seeking medical attention and reviews the types of injuries suffered. In addition, it considers the events and interactions with service providers experienced by men when reporting abuse/presenting visual physical injury to consider experiences of stigma that create barriers to accessing support.
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"Victims and Witnesses." In Blackstone's Handbook for Policing Students 2025, edited by Dominic Wood, Sarah Bradshaw, Tara Dickens, and Julian Parker-McLeod. Oxford University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198931652.003.0018.
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This chapter discusses the processes and procedures that are required of police officers when responding, supporting and evidencing the experiences of victims and witnesses. It highlights the importance of understanding the nuances behind the complainant and victim following a crime. Police officers play an integral role in the ability of victims and witnesses to be heard and seek justice. In response, the ability also shapes public perceptions of the police and influences their levels of trust and confidence in their capacity to protect and serve the public. The chapter details the importance of providing victims and witnesses with the right support at the right time to enable them to provide their best evidence.
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Sobieraj, Sarah. "Just Get Off the Internet." In Credible Threat. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089283.003.0003.
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Digital attacks against women are rarely taken seriously. The US legal system and the major social media platforms (where the majority of the abuse transpires) each fail women as their attacker and attack-focused accountability systems are incapable of addressing the cumulative experience of identity-based attacks online. Meanwhile, victim blaming, the privileging of physical over nonphysical harm and the imposition of a false dichotomy between digital and “real” life all minimize women’s experiences with digital hate. Interviews with women who have been attacked online show that this trivialization is so pervasive that even victims internalize it: minimizing their own experiences, even as they vociferously reject others’ attempts to do so. Struggling with this internalized trivialization and aware that few legal or platform-based recourse options exist, women rarely report their abuse. When they do, it is seldom gratifying. In the end, targets are left with the perception that they enter digital publics at their own risk.
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Bhagat, Ayushman. "Beyond Victim-Centric Research: Participatory Action Research in a Trafficking ‘Hotspot’ of Nepal." In Modern Slavery in Global Context. Policy Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529224702.003.0011.
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‘Human trafficking’ represents a complex global concern plagued by definitional ambiguities, ideological disagreements, and the (un)intended harmful consequences of anti-trafficking measures. Despite well-established critical scholarship that exposes the ‘collateral damage’ caused by these measures, research funding continues to support top down research endeavours aimed at identifying, rescuing, sorting, labelling, classifying, and rehabilitating vulnerable people on the move. These colonial forms of research often justify harmful anti-trafficking measures; producing new measures that often neglect the experiences and perceptions of the targets of such interventions. Whilst it is recognised that anti-trafficking research carries a problematic political epistemology, researchers often argue that there is a need for more research on ‘trafficking victims’ or ‘survivors’. In this chapter, I caution against exclusive victim-centred research, which may deepen boundaries between deserving and undeserving subjects of knowledge and protection. To address this concern, I provide a detailed account in this chapter of an academic Participatory Action Research (PAR) conducted in a post-disaster Himalayan location in Nepal, often stigmatized as a ‘hotspot’ of human trafficking. This PAR engages with people considered as targets of anti-trafficking who are attempting to undo the stigma of trafficking attached to their place. In this chapter, I illustrate the messy sites, capturing tensions, failures, and emotionally charged moments that lead to disruptions during the research process. These disruptions raise questions about both the perception and translation of dense power relations and the significance of the knowledge produced amid multiplicity for everyone involved in the research process. Through this chapter, I advocate for an inclusive and situated approach to trafficking research that acknowledges the full spectrum of mobility and labour experiences, challenging dominant trafficking research that deepen boundaries between victims and non-victims.
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Mamta Agarwal, Dr. "EFFECT OF GASLIGHTING ON MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 6. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3beso6p5ch2.
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Gaslighting is psychological manipulation of ideas, thought and action of a person over a long period of time. As its negative consequences, victims question the validity of their own thoughts, perception of reality, or memories. It leads to confusion, loss of confidence and self-esteem. The victim become uncertain for their emotional or mental stability. Gaslighting makes a person confused, isolate, powerless, doubtful and depressive. Person who experience gaslighting are at high risk of anxiety depression and suicidal thoughts. This study is an attempt to find the effect of gaslighting on adolescent’s mind because adolescence is the transitional stage of life where many physical and psychological changes occurs. Healthy social and emotional habits are important for their development. Any abusive act of others can make them feel emotionally and mentally ill. This study also suggests the strategies to prevent from this abusive behavior.
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Henry, Nicola. "‘It Wasn’t Worth the Pain to Me to Pursue It’." In Criminalizing Intimate Image Abuse. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198877813.003.0015.
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Abstract The non-consensual taking, creating, or sharing of intimate images, also known as ‘image-based sexual abuse’, is a widespread global problem. While there has been growing attention to this phenomenon, little empirical research has investigated victim-survivor experiences either of their abuse or of their search for justice after the abuse. This chapter focuses on justice responses to image-based sexual abuse, drawing on semi-structured, qualitative interviews with twenty-five Australian victim-survivors. The author notes that based on negative perceptions of the police or previous experiences, most participants thought there was ‘no point’ in reporting their experiences to the police. Although participants had diverse conceptions about what justice entailed, they all wanted some kind of recognition for the harm done to them. They wanted greater awareness, training, and education, as well as access to information. The chapter concludes with recommendations for law, policy, and practice to enhance justice outcomes for victim-survivors of image-based sexual abuse.
Conference papers on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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Paraušić Marinković, Ana, and Aleksandar Ivanović. "Victimization of Women and Girls in Urban Areas: The Case Study of Novi Pazar." In The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.11.
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The study aims to explore the various facets of victimization of women and girls in public urban areas and perception of security of spaces they use in everyday life. For this purpose, 776 girls and women aged 10 to 65 from the area of Novi Pazar was surveyed. Research results indicate that women and girls greatly fear for their safety in public spaces and are daily exposed to different forms of violence and harassment. Unlit streets, lack of video surveillance, absence of police officers, lack of adequate night public transportation, presence of male persons abusing PAS are some of the occurring factors that make women and girls uncomfortable when using urban public spaces. Although respondents fear physical violence, especially sexual harassment, rape, being followed or stalked, the types of victimization they frequently experience are related to verbal violence such as intrusive and offensive questions about private life, insults, sexually suggestive jokes, comments about their appearance, inappropriate looking etc. Bearing in mind that these experiences greatly influence their daily lives, mobility, social activity, and overall quality of life, it is important to create urban security policies and strategies which will take into consideration women`s and girls` experience of victimization in urban areas.
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Goo, Hideki Garcia, Katie Winkle, Tom Williams, and Megan K. Strait. "Victims and Observers: How Gender, Victimization Experience, and Biases Shape Perceptions of Robot Abuse." In 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ro-man57019.2023.10309640.
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Perumal, Juliet, and Andrea Dawson. "Racial Dynamics at an Independent South African Educational Institution." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002671.
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Historically, education in South Africa has been beset by inequality. Over the last few decades, however, the landscape of South African government schooling has evolved considerably since its distinctive, racially-defined origins. This is largely due to reforms in the education sector, which played a key role in attempting to redress the injustices of the Apartheid system. Since its inception in 1929, the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA) has envisioned a value-based and quality education for all learners, irrespective of race, creed or culture. Thus, the media exposure in 2020, which revealed the prevalence of racist practices in approximately 26 prominent independent schools in South Africa was startling, as these discriminatory acts contradicted the vision of ISASA. One such school, which came into the spotlight was Excel College* (pseudonym), an independent school in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In response to the accusations, the school management launched an immediate investigation to address the allegations of racial discrimination against its students of colour. A whole-school Racial Intervention Programme (referred to as RDI – Respect, Diversity and Inclusivity) was designed and implemented early in 2021. This qualitative study, which comprised eight student leaders, sought to investigate how these student leaders experienced the intervention programme. The study sought to explore student leaders’ perceptions of the rationale behind the implementation of the Racial Intervention Programme (RIP), and of the racial climate in their school, and how they felt about the allegations of racism levelled against their school. The study further sought to investigate the extent to which student leaders felt their experience of the RIP had sensitised them to the need to promote racial inclusivity in their school. Data for the study were collected by conducting individual, online semi-structured interviews, using participants’ diaries, and holding a Focus Group session. The study drew on the tenets of the Critical Race Theory (De La Garza & Ono, 2016; Delgado & Stefançic, 2000; Dixon & Rousseau, 2006; Gillborn, 2015) and Paulo Freire’s conception of Critical Consciousness (1970). Proponents of the Critical Race Theory argue that race is neither a naturally nor biologically grounded feature of human beings; but rather, a socially constructed and culturally invented category that is used to oppress and exploit people of colour. Freire’s Critical Consciousness involves identifying contradictions in the experiences of others, through dialogue to contribute to change. The study confirmed that there were allegations of racism at the school, and that many of the students had been victims of – or had witnessed – an act of racial discrimination. Despite overwhelming support for RIP, the initiative was criticised for moving slowly, being teacher-centric and syllabus-driven; and that initially, it did not appreciate students’ contribution. However, during the seven weeks of the programme (which this study reports on), participants reported grasping the purpose of the programme – which was to encourage courageous conversations about inclusion, exclusion, racism and diversity.
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Shirakawa, Kazuma, and Daigo Misaki. "Multimodal haptics perception of underwater flow for scuba diving safety training." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002639.
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Water accidents require intuitive decisions and training for such decisions because of the short time between involvement and death. The goal is to use engineering techniques to train and prevent accidents that require split-second decisions or are caused by human actions or scenarios that are difficult to anticipate.In recent years, the number of fatalities in traffic accidents and disasters has decreased significantly due to the development of technology and new technologies. However, water-related accidents, especially those caused by currents, involve human factors, and the ratio of fatalities to the number of accidents is still high. It is difficult to cover and solve such human-caused accidents with engineering technology alone. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the fundamental problem. The most important solution is to train people. By training people, the fundamental awareness of human factors can be trained, which will reduce accidents. The most effective way to learn these factors is through hands-on education and training. Among these, VR can be performed regardless of the location. It is expected to be much more effective than those obtained from videos or books.Many studies on VR training and Evangelos Markopoulo et al. have conducted a study on maintenance and safety education of ship engine systems using VR. In another study, Victor Saint-Martin et al. studied fire VR training for hospital personnel who have difficulty participating in regular on-the-job training. While there are studies on VR training that focus mainly on visual training, few studies on VR training focus on water accidents and aim to reduce accidents by tactilely displaying the strength of underwater currents. In addition, many underwater VR studies have been conducted for entertainment purposes, and few studies evaluate the perception of danger. In this study, we propose a VR system and a multimodal interface to post the flow of water hazards caused by the flow. Here, we validated the experience of flow using multiple senses, including VR and tactile sensation, to confirm the validity of the risk assessment. We found that the degree of risk perceived by a person can be combined in an additive manner with the risk postings given to each sensory organ, resulting in a higher risk rating. We also found that force postings produced higher danger ratings than tactile postings. These results indicate that using multiple senses to assess the danger of water currents increases the danger rating, and combining it with force instead of tactile sensation further increases the danger rating. In the future, we plan to discuss the effectiveness of this training in developing intuitive judgment. Furthermore, we would like to utilize this training for water accidents and other intuitive accidents to develop the ability to grasp the situation and make a judgment instantly.
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Patras, Svetlana. "Child protection in sport for sports coaches." In The International Scientific Congress "Sports. Olimpysm. Health". SOH 2023. 8th Edition. The State University of Physical Education and Sport, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52449/soh23.43.
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Actuality Football is one of the most popular sports worldwide and millions of children around the world are involved in it. Many of them play, whether in organised matches or kick-abouts. At the same time, almost all children follow a favorite team, learning valuable life lessons such as loyalty and team work. In this context, involving children in playing football requires ensuring and respecting their right to a safe environment, a culture of respect and understanding within the football team. Every child has the right to enjoy football in a safe and inclusive environment, free from any form of abuse, harassment or exploitation, and the failure to ensure all the aforementioned conditions is a violation of children's rights. Safeguarding children in Sport/football is a priority both at the national and international level and for this reason the need to implement a child protection policy in sport. Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that States Parties shall take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse. An important outcome of the UEFA project has been that Football Association of Moldova, under the lead of the UEFA FSR project "Safe football for children In Moldova", are developed attached child protection policy (manual), which was approved by FAM senior management on 15 April 2021. This safeguarding policy has since formed a basic book regarding child safeguarding in Moldova. Methodological aspects of the research: The purpose of research: The sociological study named "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Safeguarding Children in Football" was designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) aimed at protecting children involved in football. The research objectives have centered on: - determining the degree of satisfaction of the target groups (coaches, children, parents and football experts having direct or indirect contact with children involved in football) with the football club and its work; - identifying children's perceptions of the degree of safety within the club/football team; - determining perceptions of the risks to which children are/may be subjected while playing football; - identifying the views and attitudes of target groups on safeguarding children in football and the need for the safeguarding measures thereof; - establishing practices for the information of the target group on measures for safeguarding children in football; - identifying the level of knowledge about the rights of the child and protective measures in respect thereof; - establishing the forms of violence and the frequency of their application to children during training sessions; - revealing the knowledge of the target group on reporting the infringements of the rights of the child to enjoy football, including the cases of violence against children. Methods of research. Following the state of emergency declared in the Republic of Moldova in March 2020, due to COVID-19 pandemic, all football clubs shut down for about 5 months. In this context, the research design has been adjusted to the new existing conditions, being determined the need for collecting all the necessary data in online form. Thus, the research has been conducted on the basis of a structured, self-managed online questionnaire via the https://docs.google.com platform, the research tool being adapted for each category of respondents (child, parent, coach). The research community/target groups included respondents from both banks of the Dniester/Nistru River, the total number of participants in the study being of 391 individuals, of whom 204 children (girls and boys attending local football clubs), 75 parents of children attending local football clubs, accompanying their children most frequently (women and men), 57 coaches and 55 managers of football clubs and sports schools. Findings and results. Structure of the sample designed for children The sample was drawn on the basis of existing statistical data on the number of clubs - members of the FAM (Football Association of Moldova) covering the region and number of children (boys/girls) based on their age. The sample was structured at national level based on the following criteria: The geographical coverage - area of activity/place of residence (North, Centre, South, Chisinau, Transnistria). Gender (boys and girls) and age (year of birth 2002-2010). Of the 204 children surveyed, 85.3% (174) are male, and 14.7% (30) are female, about 22% are aged 10-11 years, and 31.4% - 12-13 years, children aged 14-15 years are 31.4%, and those aged 16-17 years only 17.6%. Children from urban areas have a higher share - 61.8%, especially from Chisinau municipality - 38.2%, of the other regions of the country the share of children participating in the study is approximately 20%. Structure of the sample designed for coaches The sample designed for coaches has been nationally structured on the basis of the following criteria: gender of the coach, work experience in football, age/gender of children he/she is providing training for, type of licence and place of residence. In this context, of the total of 57 coaches surveyed, 89.5% (51) are male, and 10.5% (6) are female. Slightly more than half (57.9%) of them are more than 35 years old, whilst 42.1% of them are aged between 25 and 35. About 60% of coaches have a work experience in football of up to 10 years (59.6%) and live in urban areas (61.4%), whilst about 2/3 of coaches provide training for 2 or more teams (64.9%) and, in particular for boys' teams (66.7%). Conclusions and recommendations. The sociological study named "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices for Safeguarding Children in Football" have pointed out several shortcomings in understanding and taking action in the event of failure to comply with the rights of the child in football, but also on ensuring his/her protection. The main conclusions of the study revealed the following: - a pleasure to play football among children, not being an activity imposed by parents or adults. Approximately the third part of the children want to become great footballers, the vast majority having expanded their circle of friends; - the environment of the football club is rated by the children as being a safe one, they having increased confidence in the staff of the club, while the coaches consider that children are safer outside the club due to the conditions of the clubs, especially the conditions regarding the showers and toilets; - the sports infrastructure is regarded as being in good condition, but there were complaints regarding the existence and condition of the changing rooms, including toilets, bathrooms/showers separated on gender, which reveals a violation of the child's rights to healthy environment and hygiene; - rural football clubs have poor infrastructure, being poorly equipped with toilets inside the club, with aqueduct and sewerage facilities, including access to hot water; - the low participation of parents, children and coaches in information activities is reflected in the level of knowledge about the protection of children in football: the vast majority having a low and medium level of knowledge of the rights of the child; - child protection policy even if it is approved at institutional level, it is not made known to all parents; - the main way of intervention in most cases of violence is communication with the coach, child-victim, child-abuser and their parents; - the referral of cases of violations of children's rights to competent institutions in the field is poorly achieved; only 0.5% of children and one in ten parents would call the Childline. Calling the police is also a rare practice among parents or coaches. Following the study conducted therein, it is recommended: - to appoint a child protection officer at the level of each institution, given that about a third of the coaches know about his/her existence in the football club where he/she works and most parents consider his/her presence very important; - to implement the child protection policy by applying the UEFA tools at the level of all football clubs and sports schools; - to make the FAM responsible for monitoring the implementation of the child protection policy tools by its uniform application at national level; - to carry out a broad information and awareness-raising campaign to inform children and parents about the rights and means of safeguarding children involved in football, given that there is a low level of information and knowledge about the rights of the child; - to make improvements to the training system of coaches and managers of clubs on safeguarding children involved in football, determined by the situation in which knowledge is found to be misapplied in sports activity; - to establish collaboration relationships with Child Protection Authorities, being observed a low number of parents and coaches appealing to them; - to improve the sports infrastructure from the perspective of providing optimal and healthy conditions for the conduct of training sessions and sports activities, determined by the poor equipping of football clubs with changing rooms, showers and separate toilets for girls and boys inside the clubs, with hot water and sewerage facilities, sports equipment, etc.; - to create a non-discriminatory football environment adapted to the needs of all children, including children with disabilities.
Reports on the topic "Victim experience/ perceptions"
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Lodewyks, Michelle R. Strength in Diversity: Positive Impacts of Children with Disabilities. The Vanier Institute of the Family, 2015. https://doi.org/10.61959/ukth4945e.
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When it comes to exploring the experiences of families raising children with disabilities, studies tend to focus on the perceived negative impact of the disability on the family. These families are commonly viewed as “victims” who face excessive caregiving demands, emotional distress, physical and/or financial burdens and interpersonal difficulties, while the children are portrayed primarily as sources of stress and anguish. This tragedy dialogue supports an assumption that families with children with disabilities experience “chronic sorrow” and perpetuates the perception of disability as something to be avoided or eradicated. These perceptions have a major influence on today’s assumptions about – and reactions to – disability, including how professionals respond to children with disabilities and how society views and responds to children at birth. Consequently, the general public tends to overlook many positive impacts and meaningful contributions that children with disabilities make within their families, communities and society in general.