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1

Sowards, Heather M. "Mad, Bad, and Well Read: An Examination of Women Readers and Education in the Novels of Mary Elizabeth Braddon." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1377080923.

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Sheffield, Suzanne Le-May. "Revealing new worlds : three Victorian women naturalists /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0650/2003427615-d.html.

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Sheffield, Suzanne. "Revealing new worlds : three Victorian women naturalists /." London : Routledge, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391176699.

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4

Reus, Anne Maria. "Virginia Woolf's rewriting of Victorian women writers' lives." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20896/.

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This thesis examines Virginia Woolf’s representation of the lives of nineteenth-century women writers in her journalism and essays. I study Woolf’s lifelong engagement with Jane Austen and Charlotte Brontë, as well as her sporadic interest in Mary Russell Mitford, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, George Eliot, Mary Augusta Ward and Margaret Oliphant to reveal her enduring engagement with the Victorian period and complicate her famous feminist statement that ‘we think back through our mothers if we are women’. Woolf’s literary criticism has a strong biographical component and often blends discussions of women’s literary works with extensive examinations of women’s historical and social circumstances. It is therefore perfectly situated for an analysis of the continued influence of Victorian biography and gender ideology on her writing. Based on an analysis of Woolf’s engagement with these writers’ rich biographical afterlives, I argue that Woolf’s responses to Victorian ideology are varied and complex, and range from the outright rejection of exemplary domesticity to the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes and limiting definitions of femininity. My thesis establishes that Woolf ignores changing modes of female authorship as well as the increasing professionalization of literature throughout the nineteenth century and instead prioritizes domestic amateur writers. While Woolf’s engagement with early nineteenth-century writers like Austen and Mitford often revolves around an imaginative reconstruction of their lives, her attitude towards later, better-documented writers like Brontë and Eliot is more contentious and demonstrates that Woolf used her predecessors to position herself as a modern woman writer who is not limited by her gender.
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Tiers, Jane Elizabeth. "Impressions of Meiji Japan by five Victorian women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26617.

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This thesis examines five travelogues written by Victorian ladies who visited Japan between 1889 and 1906. These works are useful as historical documents because they give a first-hand account of life in Meiji Japan that is different from other sources. The authors portrayed the everyday lifestyle and customs of the Japanese people, including many things considered so commonplace most writers did not consider them worth recording. By comparing the authors' observations with modern sociological and historical studies, these travelogues have been shown to be remarkably accurate. The women's observations have been organized into the following catagories: etiquette, aesthetics, religion, family life and the women's ideas on Japan's modernization.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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6

Green, Katie. "Victorian governesses : a look at education and professionalization /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1240932232.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Toledo, 2009.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Arts in History." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 87-93.
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7

Netherton, Caroline Marie-Thérèse. "Women and self-sacrifice in the mid-Victorian novel." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2004. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1452/.

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8

Jackson, Lisa Hartsell. "Wandering Women: Sexual and Social Stigma in the Mid-Victorian Novel." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2572/.

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The changing role of women was arguably the most fundamental area of concern and crisis in the Victorian era. Recent scholarship has done much to illuminate the evolving role of women, particularly in regard to the development of the New Woman. I propose that there is an intermediary character type that exists between Coventry Patmore's "angel of the house" and the New Woman of the fin de siecle. I call this character the Wandering Woman. This new archetypal character adheres to the following list of characteristics: she is a literal or figurative orphan, is genteelly poor or of the working class, is pursued by a rogue who offers financial security in return for sexual favors; this sexual liaison, unsanctified by marriage, causes her to be stigmatized in the eyes of society; and her stigmatization results in expulsion from society and enforced wandering through a literal or figurative wilderness. There are three variations of this archetype: the child-woman as represented by the titular heroine of Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre and Little Nell of Charles Dickens' The Old Curiosity Shop; the sexual deviant as represented by Miss Wade of Dickens' Little Dorrit; and the fallen woman as represented by the titular heroine of Thomas Hardy' Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Hetty Sorrel of George Eliot's Adam Bede, and Lady Dedlock of Dickens' Bleak House. Although the Wandering Woman's journey may resemble a variation of the bildungsroman tradition, it is not, because unlike male characters in this genre, women have limited opportunities. Wandering Women always carry a stigma because of their "illicit" sexual relationship, are isolated because of this, and never experience a sense of fun or adventure during their journey. The Wandering Woman suffers permanent damage to her reputation, as well as to her emotional welfare, because she has been unable to conform to archaic, unrealistic modes of behavior. Her story is not, then, a type of coming of age story, but is, rather, the story of the end of an age.
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Hurst, Isobel. "Victorian women writers and the classics : the feminine of Homer /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40935892j.

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10

Sterry, Lorraine. "Victorian women travellers in Meiji Japan : discovering a "new" land /." Folkestone (GB) : Global oriental, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41425646w.

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11

Norcia, Megan A. "'X' marks the spot Victorian women writers map the empire /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0003640.

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12

Ruehl, Hannah T. "UNDERSTANDING THE GRAY: AGING WOMEN IN VICTORIAN CULTURE AND FICTION." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/80.

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My dissertation, Understanding the Gray:Aging Women in Victorian Culture and Fiction, explores the cultural construction of aging for middle-class Victorian women and how aging was experienced and then depicted within novels. Chiefly, I work from midcentury to the end of the century in order to understand the experience of aging and ways women were ascribed age due to their position in society as spinsters, mothers, and progressive women. I explore how the age of fictional women reflects and contributes to critical debates concerning how Victorian women were expected to behave. Debates over separate spheres, how women were perceived in British society, and how women’s rights changed during the 19th century highlight how aging affected women and how they were treated throughout the century. Victorian fiction illustrates the ways women achieved different roles in society and how age and the perception of age affected their ability to do so. Understanding how aging was experienced, understood, and ascribed to Victorian women who fought in various ways for new terms of citizenship and mobility helps us begin to trace how we treat and respond to aging in women today. The first chapter outlines the social status of unmarried women and spinsters, considering how age affected women’s ability to lead professional lives in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853). The second chapter, on George Eliot’s Felix Holt: The Radical, explores older motherhood through Mrs Transome and illustrates how the novel seeks to teach younger women of the pitfalls of unequal marriages. The third chapter builds a cultural understanding of how aging was linked to progressive, anti-domestic womanhood and racial impurity through the New Woman and in H.R. Haggard’s She.
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Zedner, L. H. "The criminality of women and its control in England 1850-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384008.

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Simpson, Jennifer Lesley. "'Magic, spectacle and illness' : masquerade and gender identity in nineteenth century fiction by women." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU484336.

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Catherine Clément, in The Newly Born Woman, regards 'magic, spectacle and illness' as the performance of the feminine. In studying the narratives of masquerading and miming women, these are the images which I locate: the magic of the sorceress, the spectacle of the transvestites or the illness of the hysteric. Within this thesis, I study instances of masquerade or mimicry, and their influence upon gender identity, in a selection of texts by nineteenth century women written for a particularly feminine audience: Belinda (1801) by Maria Edgeworth, Lady Audley's Secret (1861) by Mary Elizabeth Braddon, The Chase, Or, A Long Fatal Love Chase (1866) by Louisa Alcott, Through One Administration (1883) and The Secret Garden (1913), both by Frances Hodgson Burnett. My approach is neither historical nor chronological. Moving away from historicising the masquerade, I mirror the fate of the masked occasion in history: its attenuation and sublimation inside the domestic. Rather than focusing on contextuality, I concentrate on textuality. The interiorised nature of that performance demands that my approach becomes theoretical, and in particular, psychoanalytic, given that both the masquerade and psychoanalysis deals with gender as construction and representation. By resisting chronology, I can express a reluctance to assume a progression towards a 'truth' or 'reality' and allow the masquerade to remain complex. Primarily I am interested in examining the 'theatrical' representation of the various female bodies written into the narratives. However, I am also concerned with textual masquerade/mime: whether the novels studied operate within a system of masquerade or mimicry and whether the discursive impulse is one of the capitulation or subversion. As I read femininity as performance, or as spectacle, constructed by a masculine audience, and represented by the feminine, I question the area 'behind-the-mask', and what lies there - indeed, whether it is possible to articulate it.
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Yang, Hao-han Helen. ""A lady wanted" Victorian governesses abroad 1856-1898 /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633805.

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Stern, Kimberly Jo. "The Victorian sibyl women reviewers and the reinvention of critical tradition /." Full text available, 2005. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/stern.pdf.

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Maldon, Justine Antonia. "Escaping 'the fetters of custom' : Victorian women in Florence 1825-1875 /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0071.

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Reynolds, K. D. "Aristocratic women and political society in early- and mid-Victorian Britain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260136.

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19

Witwit, May. "An evaluation of anti-feminist attitudes in selected professional Victorian women." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/294460.

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The Victorian era paved the way for the emancipation of the modern British woman. The women who fought for the parliamentary vote, especially those who were imprisoned and experienced the torture of forcible feeding, eventually won their cause. Women who opposed enfranchisement did so for their own reasons. Both sides of the suffrage campaign claimed the majority was on their side and struggled to prove it. This thesis argues that those women who opposed were a subaltern group and compares them with the colonised subjects of the British Empire. The emancipation of women ran against the interests of the state which treated the cause as an insurgent movement. The political leaders spared no effort to thwart the liberation of women and the middle-and upper-class Anti-Suffrage women sided with ruling class interests. This work divides women into three sub-sections; resistance, colonised public and collaborators. Eliza Lynn Linton, Flora Shaw, Janet Hogarth and Gertrude Bell are well known middle-class Victorian women for whom the emancipation was of more benefit than opposition. The study throws a fresh look at these women by tying the notion of the collaborative elite with the State's exploitation of the intellectual subaltern. Linton, Shaw, Hogarth and Bell are studied in detail as case studies for this theory. Through the textual analysis of selected works, published articles, public and private correspondence, available diaries, biographies and autobiographies it emerges that although these women were ardent 'Antis' in public they were feminists in private. The thesis explains the reasons behind their public opposition to the emancipation of women.
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20

Livesey, Ruth. "Women, class and social action in late-Victorian and Edwardian London." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36339/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between class, gender and feminist identity through an examination of women's involvement in philanthropy and social reform in London from 1870 to 1906. Middle-class women's engagement in such work — termed collectively here as 'social action' — has long been claimed as the nursery of first-wave feminist political identity. Numerous historians have framed social action as the means by which women moved from the 'private' to the 'public' sphere and the ground where women developed their claim to a place in national political life in the three decades prior to the upsurge of suffrage campaigning in 1906. Whilst agreeing with this broad narrative of the relationship between social action and feminism, the thesis addresses the lack of discussion of class differences between women in the existing literature on the subject. The forms of social action examined in detail in this thesis were predicated upon this very difference between women: on the belief in the power of the lady to reshape the bodies, characters, homes and workplaces of poor women. Women social activists themselves had a central role in making identities of class, through the dissemination of their expert opinions on the domestic life of the urban poor. In the context of the changing understanding of duty in the later nineteenth century the thesis argues that the agency of femininity in effecting social change came to be seen as of less significance as the century progressed. Women social activists instead drew upon codes of class to justify their work, constructing themselves as authoritative professionals, licenced to speak and act for working-class women. The thesis brings to the fore the (often strained and contested) encounters between lady social activists and the women and men who were their objects of reform using detailed case studies of philanthropic rent-collecting schemes, the London Charity Organisation Society and the women's factory inspectorate. It concludes that social action was indeed the material from which modern feminist identity made itself, but that this identity was founded on middle-class women's differentiation of themselves from working-class women.
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21

Mangham, Andrew. "Violent women and sensation fiction : crime, medicine and Victorian popular culture /." Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41142635d.

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22

Tyreman, Katie. "Between Women: Visualizing Victorian Women Artists’ Identities through Art Movements, Media and Scale, c. 1848-1898." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594222.

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23

Ioannou, Maria. "Beautiful stranger : the function of the coquette in Victorian literature." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/72193.

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Theories of beauty normally engage with beauty in the abstract, or with reactions to beauty - beauty’s effect on others. This thesis considers how coquettish female beauty has been embodied in Victorian literature by the Brontës, Dickens, George Eliot, Christina Rossetti, and to a lesser extent women’s periodical literature. It argues that the figure of the coquette addresses antithetical discourses on the Victorian woman and assimilates them in such a way as to express a subversive beauty discourse, in which beauty consolidates differing female experiences and formulates the search for identity as a collective female effort. The coquette is linked with controversial women’s issues such as marriage failure, domestic abuse and female eroticism; the ambivalence of her relationship with the text’s heroine shows the scope and limits of female autonomy. The dialectic between rejection and acceptance in which the coquette participates in specific narrative strategies shows women engaged with women’s problems, their erotic potential, and their relationship(s) to each other. The thesis also reflects on feminist literary theory, especially current ideas on female writing, broadly defined as a search for female belonging. Recent criticism holds that the Victorian coquette operates either to show that eroticism was part of the Victorian woman’s identity, or as a passive surface upon which certain aspects of the protagonist are illuminated. This thesis argues that this is only part of the story; additionally, the issue of eroticism is installed within a framework of women’s social, political, and legal concerns, and the coquette can be read as an active site in which aspects of both the coquette and the protagonist are combined to form an innovative way of seeing the Victorian woman.
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Carr, Rachel. "The 'Girton Girl' and 'Lady Doctor' : women, higher education and medicine in popular Victorian fiction by women." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-girton-girl-and-lady-doctor--women-higher-education-and-medicine-in-popular-victorian-fiction-by-women(a9315f14-ca29-47b1-9ce3-fc2dddb8a501).html.

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Chaplin, Joyce. "Mrs. Oliphant and Victorian moral philosophy : a view of social morality." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369569.

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McMurray, David, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "'A rod of her own' : women and angling in victorian North America." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/537.

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This thesis will argue that angling was a complex cultural phenomenon that had developed into a respectable sport for women during the Early Modern period in Britain. This heterogeneous tradition was inherited by many Victorian women who found it to be a vehicle through which they could find access to nature and where they could respectably exercise a level of authority, autonomy, and agency within the confines of a patriarchal society. That some women were conscious of these opportunities and were deliberate in their use of angling to achieve their goals while others happened upon them in a more unassuming manner, underscores how angling also functioned as a canopy of camouflage within Victorian society. In other words, though it outwardly appeared as a simple recreational activity, angling possessed the ability to function as a meta-narrative for its adherents, where the larger experiences and intentions of women became subtly intertwined, if not hidden, within the actual activity itself.
viii, 197 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Bressey, Tanya Caroline Anne. "Forgotten geographies : historical geographies of black women in Victorian and Edwardian London." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274071.

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Ziegler, Amber M. "Unconventional Women in a Conventional Age: Strong Female Characters in Three Victorian Novels." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1242224834.

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Startup, Radojka. "Damaging females : representations of women as victims and perpetrators of crime in the mid-nineteenth century." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348856/.

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This thesis explores, and seeks an historical interpretation of, representations of women both as victims and perpetrators of crime in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Moving beyond how criminal offences were defined, perceived and disciplined, the analysis highlights their broader social and cultural contexts and effects. Focusing primarily on media accounts and literary narratives of "sensational" and serious cases, it argues that the treatment of crimes of spousal murder, sexual violence and infanticide can be read for cultural and political meanings. At a time when the technological and commercial abilities to satisfy the public appetite for crime stories were rapidly expanding, these narratives became a significant arena in which social preoccupations, anxieties, and conflicts were symbolically explored. As forms of cultural production, therefore, crime narratives constituted, communicated and contested social and political values relating, for example, to issues of class and gender, morality and character, public order and the body. At the heart of this study, therefore, lies the opportunity to explore how the female figures of such accounts, whether murdering women or rape victims, related to their wider world. Unlike court proceedings and legal records, which were accessed by a small minority only, many of the sources on which this analysis is based were produced for popular consumption; they were available to an increasing audience. Thus, local newspaper reporting of Assizes cases are examined alongside the national press, the writings of middle class reformers and social commentators, and a range of literary texts including broadsides, melodramas, "respectable" novels and cheap, sensational fiction. Graphic illustration provides an additional site of representation, particularly influential as it could be read by everyone including the wholly illiterate. However, crime narratives cannot be treated as simple windows into the past - they constitute particularly constructed images, fashioned in accordance with journalistic practices, commercial enterprise and literary conventions as well as the cultural and power dynamics of the period. Female criminals and victims of crime in early Victorian society were defined as damaging and damaged; in order to explore the wider social meaning of these representations close textual analysis of primary sources is allied with a detailed identification and contextualisation of the specificities of the different narrative forms.
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Jones, Mary C. "Fashioning Mobility: Navigating Space in Victorian Fiction." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/24.

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My dissertation examines how heroines in nineteenth-century British Literature manipulate conventional objects of feminine culture in ways which depart from uses associated with Victorian marriage plots. Rather than use fashionable objects to gain male attention or secure positions as wives or mothers, female characters deploy self-fashioning tactics to travel under the guise of unthreatening femininity, while skirting past thresholds of domestic space. Whereas recent Victorian literary and cultural criticism identifies female pleasure in the form of consumption and homosocial/erotic desire, my readings of Victorian fiction, from doll stories to the novels of Charlotte Brontë, Wilkie Collins, and Marie Corelli, consider that heroines find pleasure in deploying fashionable objects – such as dolls, clothes, cosmetics, and jewelry – which garner access to public space typically off limits for Victorian women. In the first chapter, girls use dolls to play in wilderness spaces, fostering female friendships. Muted dress provides a cloak of invisibility, allowing the heroine to participate in the pleasure of ocular economies in the second chapter. The third chapter features a female detective who uses cosmetics to disguise her infiltration of men’s private spaces in order to access private secrets. Finally, the project culminates with jewelry’s re-signification as female success in the publishing world. Tracing how female characters in Victorian fiction use self-fashioning as a pathway, this study maps the safe travel heroines discover through wild landscapes, urban streets, and professional arenas. These spaces were often coded with sets of conditions for gendered interactions. Female characters’ proficient self-styling provides mobility through locations guarded by the voices of neighbors, friends, and family who attempt to keep them in line with Victorian gender conventions. Female characters derive an often unexplored pleasure: the secret joy of being where they should not and going against what they are told. In the novels I examine, female protagonists navigate prolific rules and advice about how to arrange and manage their appearances, not to aspire to paragons of Victorian beauty and womanhood but in order to achieve physical and geographic mobility outside domestic interiors.
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Yang, Hao-han Helen, and 楊浩涵. ""A lady wanted": Victorian governesses abroad1856-1898." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41633805.

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Murphy, Lynne M. "Muslim family life in the Middle East as depicted by Victorian women residents." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65957.

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Patterson, Katharine Bassett. "A communicative approach to the epistolary form in letters of Victorian women writers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ28147.pdf.

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Olverson, Tracy Dawn. "Daughters of Dionysus : women writers and the dark side of late-victorian hellenism." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/819.

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This thesis examines the relationship of women writers to Hellenism in the latenineteenth century. In recent years critics have tended to focus on women's exclusion from the study and interpretation of classical literature and culture. Yet, I contend that the proliferation of Greek subjects in women's literature from the middle of the century onwards, suggest a collective movement into the classical tradition by women writers and scholars, rather than comprehensive exclusion from it. Indeed, this thesis focuses on the 1880s, when Hellenism was, once again, a la mode. As my title indicates, I propose that women"s contributions to 'Victorian Hellenism' can be conceived of as subversively Dionysian. Dionysus, the paradoxical Greek god of drama, of irrationality, gender confusion and fervent female rites, can be seen to personify the seditious Hellenism of the women writers in this study. Concentrating on the 'dark side' of Victorian Hellenism, I analyse the appropriation of transgressive, violent female figures from ancient Greek literature and myth, by Amy Levy, 'Michael Field' and Emily Pfeiffer. In so doing, I reveal the extent to which Hellenism was employed as a means to protest against and comment upon contemporary social and political institutions. I suggest that these women appropriated classical female figures in order to challenge the authority of ancient cultural models, by resisting and revising accepted paradigms. Furthermore, I demonstrate that women writers employ transgressive figures, not just as figures of rage, but as exemplars of women's strength, ingenuity and intellectual abilities. This thesis tracks the various trajectories of influence and the interplay of interests in women"s Hellenic writing of the late Victorian period. The writers in this study wrote using a variety of forms and techniques and they differed in terms of their subjects and their intentions. For instance, in 'Xantippe, ' Amy Levy exposes the gendered nature of Hellenic discourse, whilst in her closet drama 'Medea, ' I suggest that Levy combines her interest in feminism with her concerns about racial and religious intolerance. In contrast, 'Michael Field' focuses on the issues of sexuality and gender. In the volumes Bellerophon, Callirhoe and Long Ago Bradley and Cooper can be seen to explore the concepts of (female) desire and pleasure, as suggested by ancient paradigms. Emily Pfeiffer, on the other hand, finds the literary counterparts to her own frustrated desires for social and political equality in the figures of Cassandra and Clytemnestra. Pfeiffer also compares the oppression of women in the ancient Greek world with the struggles of modem British women for social and political emancipation in her fascinating travelogue, Fýying Leaves from East and West. What these writers have in common is that their Hellenism is woman-centred. Consequently, this thesis not only demonstrates the heterogeneity of 'Hellenisms' in women's writing of the late-nineteenth century, but also highlights the progressive political potential of the discourse of Hellenism for women
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Loxham, Angela. "Women, tactility and consumption : middle-class female sensory participation in Victorian shopping environments." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/84544/.

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This thesis questions the priority that has been afforded to sight in academic analyses of modernity at the expense of the other senses. This has not only had the effect of producing poor knowledge of the multi-sensory understandings of life, but it is also a theory that has been developed by focusing on the experience of white, elite males. As increasingly shown by anthropologists and sensory historians, when this model is transposed onto other segments of the population, this produces inadequate and partial understandings of life. Nowhere is this truer than in studies of nineteenth-century consumerism, which have primarily characterised the female shopping experience as orientated around new visual spectacles. This thesis aims to rebalance this sensory bias and analyses how the sense of touch was used by female shoppers. Drawing on the theories of Merleau-Ponty and phenomenology throughout, it is claimed that the use of any sense must be understood in the wider context of an individual’s life, and the sensory habits that are formed through this. For understanding shopping, this means first attending to the primary female activities within the home, namely needlework, and how these affected the development of the sensorium. Following on from this, the study analyses how those habits of touch were used when shopping. This involved assessments of fabric quality, the marketing of ‘hygienic’ clothing on the basis of its relationship to the skin and the ways in which women related to the new spaces of the department stores through their bodies. In addition to showing the importance of touch for shopping, focusing on tactility brings other issues to light. Understanding tactile habits allows for a reevaluation of the public-private division. Rather than shopping representing a break from the home, habits of touch allowed the two environments to be strongly interlinked, each influencing the other. This raises important questions about how we conceptualise female experiences of modernity and progress.
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Francis, Diana Pharaoh. "Models to the universe : Victorian hegemony and the construction of feminine identity." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1159142.

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Dotson, Emily A. "Strong Angels of Comfort: Middle Class Managing Daughters in Victorian Literature." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/13.

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This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the social sciences about the challenging nature of care labor as well as feminist discussions about the role of the daughter in Victorian culture. It explores the literary presence of the middle class managing daughter in the Victorian home. Collectively, the novels in this study articulate social anxieties about the unclear and unstable role of daughters in the family, the physically and emotionally challenging work they, and all women, do, and the struggle for daughters to find a place in a family hierarchy, which is often structured not by effort or affection, but by proscribed traditional roles, which do not easily adapt to managing daughters, even if they are the ones holding the family together. The managing daughter is a problem not accounted for in any conventional domestic structure or ideology so there is no role, no clear set of responsibilities and no boundaries that could, and arguably should, define her obligations, offer her opportunities for empowerment, or set necessary limits on the broad cultural mandate she has to comfort and care others. The extremes she is often pushed to reveals the stresses and hidden conflicts for authority and autonomy inherent in domestic labor without the iconic angel in the house rhetoric that so often masks the difficulties of domestic life for women. She gains no authority or stability no matter how loving or even how necessary she is to a family because there simply is no position in the parental family structure for her. The managing daughter thus reveals a deep crack in the structure of the traditional Victorian family by showing that it often cannot accommodate, protect, or validate a loving non-traditional family member because it values traditional hierarchies over emotion or effort. Yet, in doing so, it also suggests that if it is position not passion that matters, then as long as a woman assumes the right position in the family then deep emotional connections to others are not necessary for her to care competently for others.
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Pusapati, Teja Varma. "Model presswomen : 'high-minded' female journalism in the mid-Victorian era." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8af9c31b-bf92-4fb3-95f9-e5d6f8f46b83.

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This study contributes to current critical discussions about the figure of the Victorian woman journalist. Most previous scholarship on nineteenth-century female journalism has focused either on women's anonymous writings or on their contributions to conventionally feminine genres like serial fiction and prose articles on domesticity and fashion. Although women's campaigning journalism has attracted some attention, especially from historians of feminism, its role in the professionalization of women writers has gone largely unexamined. Consequently, it has been assumed that female journalists did not write on social and political issues, unless they wrote anonymously or as reformers with little interest in developing careers as presswomen. This thesis radically revises this view by showing the mid-century rise of female journalists who wrote on serious social and political topics and earned national and international repute. They broke the codes of anonymity in a number of ways, including signing articles in their own names and developing distinctly female personae. They presented themselves as model middle-class professional authors: knowledgeable, financially independent and vocationally committed. They proved, by example, women's fitness for conventionally masculine lines of journalism. By examining their careers in the periodical press, my thesis offers the first in-depth analysis of 'high-minded' female journalism in Victorian England. Beginning with the 1850s, the thesis is organised around certain key developments in the periodical press, such as the debates about professional authorship, discussions of the plight of single women and the nature of female work, and the advent of signed publication. It examines the rise of prestigious presswork by women through the study of three distinct, yet overlapping models of the female professional journalist: the feminist journalist, the mainstream reform journalist, and the foreign correspondent. It then discusses the representation of women's high-minded journalism in the domain of fiction. The study ends in the 1880s, noting how these mid-Victorian models of women's presswork influenced the discussion and practice of female professional journalism in the 1890s.
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Brompton, Ruth R. N. "Lilies and lace : an investigation into the relationship between hand and machine made costume lace through fashionable middle class consumption 1851-1887." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250432.

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Street, Kelvin John. "Female culture in physical training colleges 1885-1918." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4085.

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Milbank, A. "Daughters of the house : Modes of the gothic in the fiction of Wilkie Collins, Charles Dickens and Sheridan Le Fanu." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234621.

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Abbott, Josephine Mary. "The socio-historical development of secretarial work in England 1870-1910 : a study in vocational socialisation and occupational ideology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240958.

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Harding, Andrew Christopher. "Gender disruption, rivalry, and same-sex desire in the work of Victorian women writers." Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/311067.

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This thesis examines the important role of female same-sex relationships in nineteenth-century literature and culture. Whilst drawing directly upon Sharon Marcus's recent book, Between Women: Friendship, Desire, and Marriage in Victorian England, a revisionary queer reading of inter-dependent same-sex female intimacy and mainstream middle-class heteronormative ideals, my own study extends the parameters of Marcus's work by focussing on alternative contexts and previously overlooked same-sex female relationships. This thesis argues that the culturally endorsed model of Victorian female homosociality identified by Marcus was subject to disruption and transformation both within and beyond the institutions of marriage and the family. It concludes that various forms (rather than one definitive model) of homosocial desire shaped nineteenth-century female bonding. In the first chapter I explore the unstable social status of working middle-class women, and identify instances of employer/employee female intimacy organised upon a disturbance or reversal of social hierarchy. In the second chapter I demonstrate how the ideal of female amity was inevitably undermined in the literary marketplace, and that whilst women writers were engaged in constructing and disseminating this ideal in their novels, they were also embroiled in a series of professional jealousies with one another which served to undo the very ideal they were promoting. In the second part of this chapter I highlight the pluralism of mainstream homoerotic femininity by examining Dinah Mulock Craik's fictional representation of homoerotic surveillance manifest in a culturally endorsed adolescent female gaze. In the third chapter I challenge Marcus's claim that well-known independent nineteenth-century lesbians were fully accommodated into mainstream 'respectable' society by demonstrating that some of these women informed Eliza Lynn Linton's homophobic portrait of radical feminist separatism. I also explore in this chapter Linton's fictional representation of sororal eroticism, and argue that (notwithstanding mother/daughter bonds) Linton, like many of her contemporaries, regarded sisterhood as the primary bond between women. I also evidence in this chapter that Linton's portrait of 'sororophobia' is comparable with cultural ideals regarding the important function that female friends had in facilitating one another's marriage.
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Nead, Lynda Daryll. "Representation and regulation : women and sexuality in English art c. 1840-1870." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369506.

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Lawrence, Lindsy M. "Seriality and domesticity the Victorian serial and domestic ideology in the family literary magazine /." Fort Worth, Tex. : Texas Christian University, 2008. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-05052008-151851/unrestricted/Lawrence.pdf.

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Vejvoda, Kathleen M. "The dialectic of idolatry : Roman Catholicism and the Victorian Heroine /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Youngkin, Molly C. "Men Writing Women: Male Authorship, Narrative Strategies, and Woman's Agency in the Late-Victorian Novel." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1037376119.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 322 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-322). Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Sep. 25.
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Fuller, Katie Lisette. "Victorian airbrushing cultural, physical and artistic representations of upper-class women of then and today /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473205.

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Steffes, Annmarie. "Between page and stage: Victorian and Edwardian women playwrights and the literary drama, 1860-1910." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5642.

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This study focuses on a series of late-century works by women writers that incorporate facets of theatrical performance into the printed book. Literary drama was a common genre of the Victorian and Edwardian period, used by writers such as Robert Browning, Alfred Tennyson, and Matthew Arnold to elevate drama to the status of literature, a term synonymous with the printed page and the experience of reading. However, this project examines a series of women writers who, in contrast, used this hybrid form to challenge the assumed superiority of text. The values ascribed to the printed page—that it was a disembodied enterprise unattached to the whims of its audience or the particularities of its author—were antithetical to the experiences of women writers, whose work was often read in the context of their gendered bodies. My study proceeds chronologically, reading the literary dramas of five writers—George Eliot, Augusta Webster, Katharine Bradley and Edith Emma Cooper (writing under the pseudonym “Michael Field”), and Elizabeth Robins—alongside changes in print practice and theatrical staging as well as evolving discourses about “literariness.” I argue that these women allude to theatrical performance in the text to show that the page always bears the physical traces of its authors and its audience. Each chapter blends book studies with performance studies, showing the way the form of a work invites particular responses from its readers. Overall, this project has two goals: one, to recover marginalized texts by women writers and revise narratives about the period to incorporate these pieces; and two, to span the scholarly chasm between Victorian poetry and drama and demonstrate, instead, the mutually constitutive relationship of these two art forms.
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Killmer, Lina. "Coming of age in Victorian America : challenging gender roles in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22561.

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This essay argues that Little Women does not promote breaking stereotypical gender norms and nineteenth century gender roles, contrary to what several critics say. This paper will be using feminist criticism and analyzing two of the novel’s main characters, Meg and Jo, and examining their behavior towards stereotypical gender norms and rules. This essay concludes that while Jo challenges certain gender norms and roles, such as having “manly” emotions (anger) and taking on male-dominated jobs (author), within the narration she is punished for these and forced to become a conventional woman of the nineteenth century in order to live a happy life. On the other hand, Meg follows the rules of societal gender expectations and is rewarded for her behavior. By examining these two characters, this essay establishes that Little Women, because it is a didactic novel, delivers the moral that women can only be truly happy if they fit into stereotypical gender norms and roles.
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