Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vie intellectuelle – Argentine – 1870-1914'
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Vidal, Edgard. "Littérature et société du Río de la Plata (1870-1940)." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0078.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing the link between some literary and sociological changes through the works of three writers : Julian Martel ( 1967-1896), Jorge Luis Borges ( 1899-1986) and Leopold Marechal (1900-1970). This dissertation revolves around three complementary and closely linked themes. Namely, the sociological approach, the semiological approach and computer science approach. The sociological approach enabled us to analyze some literary texts written between 1860 and 1940 in Argentina. This period is characterized by the insertion of the region in the world economy and by important migratory movements. In the chapters ii, iii of the thesis, we shall analyze the shift of this powerful cosmopolitarism into nationalism as well as a possible link between this sociological phenomenon and some literary events. The semiological approach : some research in the semiological field have led to the definition of a glossary of necessary terms ( chapter vii) to understand the literature analyzed from three major theoretical approaches : 1- the literary object working thanks to some operators and methods in modes of historical reading 2- the computer science approach which works on the automatic data processing of general literary information (texts, manuscripts, commentaries,criticisms) and their treatment on the web constitutes the chapter 8 of this thesis
Parinet, Élisabeth. "La Librairie Flammarion, 1875-1914." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0001.
Full textGonzález, Francisco Javier. "La France au Chili : présences et modèles, 1870-1914." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010524.
Full textDeschodt, Pierre-Jean. "Maurras dans la republique et la republique des lettres contribution a l'histoire des idees politiques sous la troisieme republique." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040009.
Full textHighly criticized or suspected of the worst by some, admired and acknowledged by others, too often neglected, charles maurras is displayed here, among the most outstanding minds of this century. Thanks to the publication of a correspondence that edifies as much by the content of the letters as by the quality of their authors, we can situate or put back in his context this intricate and extraordinary rich personality. Some friedship or other - gide, poincare, herriot, malraux - was already well-known. People would guess it. They would sense something or speak about it. They would evoke it or envisage it. Nevertheless, we were short of evidence and stuck on rumours, vague echoes of the collective memory. Who could have thought this correspondence were so dense ? and if some had an idea about it, illustrations were quite lifeless. In this thesis, through maurras, we have socialists and liberals gathered, as well as writers and critics, historians and politicians, people belonging to universities and academies. They all witnessed the indisputable influence and the powerful intellectual attraction this free man exerted on the world of politics, literature and arts. The history of sources testifies to it
Grandjacques, Arnaud. "La transformation de l'histoire de la Révolution française : du politique au social (1870-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0038.
Full textThis investigation examine the change of direction we can find in the historiography of the French Revolution between the end of the XlXth century and the beginning of the XXth century. To our point of view, historiography is not a decoration or a way of conquering a sort of legitimacy but a real subject to deal with. Our main aim was to gel rid of biased points of view as well as technical ways of considering these events in order to lead a study based on the historiography of the French Revolution's main attributes : therefore we made the choice of a conceptual history of historiography. Our goal was to connect historiography to history with on the one hand the consideration of the intellectual modifications around and on the other hand the modifications that appear in the collective existence. By inserting the historical studies into their political and intellectual context we found the historiography of the French Revolution's main caracteri sties. It lead us to a better understanding of its relations with general historiography. This work is trying to show that you can't fully understand what takes place in the historiography of the French Revolution if you only look into historiography's main evolutions. That is to say that the crucial aspect of this important moment does not lie neither in the development of a scientific community nor in the selection of scientific methods. It can be found in the new ways of studying these events that came from the eruption of the social question and the constitution of the idea of society
Joschke, Christian. "Les yeux de la nation : photographie amateur et société dans l'Allemagne de Guillaume II." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0092.
Full text1880-1910 : three decades in which images, and especially photographic images, acquired great importance inpublic life and inspired an ambitious project in the German liberal bourgeoisie : this bourgeoisie wanted liberal society to construct an enlightened visual culture on the basis of associative life, its deliberative practices and educative ideals. The bourgeoisie encouraged the spread of photography through the formation of amateur clubs, publishing journals and organizing major exhibitions which were not by any means limited to art photography. The public space that emerged around photographic practices facilitated the creation of a common culture inpost-Bismarckian Germany. Why were amateurs, and not the press, industry or even cultural institutions, situated at the heart of this project? What were the political aims of these images in a country deeply marked by the militaristic propaganda and Welpolitik of Wilhelm II? What part did images, and especially photographs of the land and folklore, play in the construction of a nation identity "from below"?
Werth, Eva. ""L'illumination mutuelle" : des rapports entre littérature et peinture chez Egon Schiele (1890-1918)." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4114.
Full textTo clear up the phenomenon of Egon Schiele's "double giftedness" by following the intermedial paths of the artist; such is the undertaking of this work, thus hoping to construct a new approach to Schielien research. Straddling literature and painting, this comparative study comprises four large stages. Firstly, the justification of the corpus and the methodological reflexions concerning the literature-painting relation associated with the phenomenon of the double gift, as well as the development of tools for analysis. Secondly, the context, by proposing a historical synopsis divided into three parts: Schiele himself, his artistic design and his time, namely the contemporary history of Vienna at the turn of the century. Thirdly, the application of the theoretical element trough a typological analysis which comprises - by means of analysis tools - the systematic interaction between writing and painting. However, this is divided into two distinct parts: the analysis of the topics and the motifs is followed by an analysis of the stylistic aspects. At this stage, the synthesis of the project is detailed in a hermeneutical manner, by taking into account ideological and generic questions. Fourthly, the Egon Schiele are broached. Once synthesized, the question of knowing what occurs "behind the skin", namely "behind the ink" is addressed
Feliu, Torras Assumpcio. "La fondation de l'école d'architecture à Barcelone, son entourage culturel, politique et artistique : l'architecte Juan Torras Guardiola (1860-1888)." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN20025.
Full textThe Revolution of 1868 in Spain, together with the fist development of the city permit the firth of the school or architecture of Barcelona in 1875, under a very particular economical political, cultural and historical context. This school, which will because the heart of to an intellectual tendency, will create on own style, which will represent the power of the dominant class, the new industrial bourgeoisie, that will raise again both, the own identity and the national Catalan spirit, among their members, we fird the lectures Rogent, the theoretician and Torras, the technician. Rogent teach the ideas of Viollet-le-Duc, the Rondelet treatise, ay well as the wolks of Gnadet, in order to work on the now architecture, adapting to fesh circumstances the out-of-date way of building. Torras, lecturer, technician and industrialist, takes up the chair of materials resistance at university for thirty year, during which, throughout wis lessons, has a huge influence on the new Catalan architects generation. Among those, caudi, puig y cadefalchece. . . The detailed description of his work, enable us to be aware of the extent of his achievements as an architect, specialised on metallical structures reckomings; he is, as well, the father of the cowering systel "fly wings". In his personality we find either the image of a huge creative character, than the industrialist wan
Deffarges, Anne. "De la naissance du naturalisme sous la Troisième République à sa réception dans la social-démocratie allemande (1865-1897)." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030073.
Full textBetween 1886 and 1897, in times when the Social Democracy seemed to be about to reach power, the question of naturalism raised violent debates which resulted in scissions. The "Jungen affair" was the German expression of a deeper movement existing throughout Europe where a socially committed literary and theatre current were contesting the more political currents for the lead of the popular movement. The reception of French naturalism, as the main novelistic expression, in the German Social-Democracy, which was the main political party, gave rise to a discussion opening on all the 19th century's deep evolutions. Values of naturalism and socialism were confronted in various fields, including the relation between aesthetics and history. This German reading sheds a light on Zola and naturalism, which is fairly different from what we are used to in France
Charle, Christophe. "Intellectuels et élites en France : 1880-1900." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010515.
Full textVadelorge, Loïc. "Pour une histoire culturelle du local : Rouen, 1919-1940." Paris 4, 1996. http://books.openedition.org/pur/10987.
Full textIf french cultural history is today well known, the local culture development is still a matter of investigation. The case of Rouen, one of the most important provincial cities during the french twentieth century, suggest that local cultural practices have been in existence for a long time. The local culture during the third republic took one's stand on a complete system of cultural institutions (museums, libraries, theaters) and used all the resources of associations (scientist or musical societies). The birth of cultural policies, who compete with traditionnal forms of cultural organisations (clerical, elites) reinfor ce the local culture. It appears then able to resist to the economics mutations (inflation during the twenties, great crisis in 1929) or cultural mutations (the age of the masses). The patrimonial sense is here decisive as it result s of two impulsions, local and national. The overture of cultural sense, during the french popular front, will not be able to change the politics and the practices ; this is the sign of the extraordinary permanence of the local cultural system in the early twentieth century france
Bravard, Alice. "La persistance du modèle aristocratique : mode de vie et sociabilité du grand monde parisien (1900-1939)." Paris 1, 2008. http://books.openedition.org/pur/117792.
Full textBernardini, Jean-Marc. "Du Darwinisme social en France : diffusions et réfutations du Darwinisme social dans la pensée contemporaine française de 1859 à 1918." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100117.
Full textAfter having analyzed the epistemological and metaphorical borrowings of the Darwinism performed by political talks or by social and anthropological sciences, the aim of this thesis is to study the incidences of Ch. Darwin's evolutionist theories on philosophical, religious and political debates from 1859 to 1918. It also studies the diffusion of social Darwinism as well as the resistances the debates generated among the scientific community. In the first part, the connections between the history of scientific Darwinism and the history of ideologies inspired by Darwinism are set up. The initial hypothesis of this work is validated: the history of the refutations of social Darwinism in France explains the difficulties for scientific Darwinism to be recognized. The study of the history of the definitions of "social Darwinism" in France and in Anglo-Saxon countries shows how complex this subject was to handle. The second part investigates the period from 1859 to the end of the century. A systematic confrontation is made between the arguments and the refutations based on the talks of the scientists (biologists or sociologists), the members of the parliament and the religious opponents in this period of particular Darwinian culture in France. The third part which concerns 1900 to 1918 is also built on the contrast between the arguments of social Darwinists and of the opponents. This last part analyzes the reasons for the decline of the Darwinian ideology. It makes the point on the talks
Sepúlveda, Cecília de Alencar Serra e. "O progresso a cidade e as letras : o intelectual e a transiçâo do século XIX para o XX em Salvador da Bahia." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0166.
Full textThis research on documentary sources investigates the way five intellectuals from Bahia, Brazil, lived and interpreted the process of modernization in the passage from the 19th century to the 20th century, evidenced in measures of urbanization that interfered not only in the urban fabric as well as in customs, practices and social interactions that gave meaning to the space. It deals with the sociology of intellectual which analyzes the performance of Silva Lima (1826-1910), Anna Bittencourt (1844-1930), Manuel Querino (1851-1923), Xavier Marques (1861-1942) and Cardoso de Oliveira (1865-1962) in the following works, respectively:/4 Bahia de Hâ 66 Anos (1907); Longos Serôes do Campo (1920); A Bahia de Outrora (1916); Boto e Cia /O Feiticeiro (1897/1922) and Dois Métros e Cinco (1905). The sample gathered five writers with distinct lives in ethnie, social and professional terms, composing a rich picture about the intellectual life of Bahia in the period in question. It was stimulated by previous studies which highlighted the relation between intellectual production and urban transformations. This field of research raises the problem of conceptual reification in the methodological sphere, confronted in the construction of "intellectual" as an analysis category and in the approach of the texts as data sources. On one side, it was observed the volubility of the statusof intellectual, conditioned by the access to certain groups and by criteria of récognition, and, on the other side, the dynamic nature of memoirs and of the novels produced by thèse writers that, beyond the imprisonment on media materials such as books and serial novels, constituted actions in the public sphere, claiming to be examinedfrom a historical perspective. Thus, the research isn't constrained to a conceptual definition of intellectuality, tracing instead the intellectual profile of Bahia, analyzing the spaces they frequented — their societies and their distinction criteria, the means of publication, the auditoriums, the audience, the editors and directors of newspapers. The research approached the texts of these writers as historical events, political actions in the printed media rather than as passive information sources. The first part of this thesis investigates the passage of intellectuals through abolitionists and republican groups, writers' coteries, in the Geographical and Historical Institute of Bahia and in the main periodicals of the city. The second part is devoted to the analysis of contents of a publication of each author, dealing with the thorough transformations that occurred in the dynamics of coexistence among citizens in the city of Salvador, thus outlining the sens of rupture which defines, from the perspective of local intellectuality, the coming of progress and modernity. The texts revealed not only the opinions of writers about the damage or benefits of modernization, but theirliving experience in the city, contributing to the phenomenology of the process abstractly understood as "modernity", emphasizing relevant aspects of changes in the forms of sociality such as the extinction of religious customs, the weakening of popular festivals, the adoption of Carnival replacing the "Entrudo", and new ways of meeting in open public spaces (streets, commercial spaces and squares) — aspects related to the process of socio-spatial segregation which interfered in the coexistence between rich and poor
Kolotouchkina, Irina. "Influence de l’émigration russe sur la pensée politique française (1870-1939) : l’exemple de Nicolas Berdiaev." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0004.
Full textThe Russian political emigration is a specific form of political action closely linked to the identity of reformer living abroad in order to prepare the social and political transformations at home. Reserve of resources for the Russian revolutionary movement, emigration not only allows the survival of its leaders and theoreticians, but also provides them the area where they can express and debate their ideas. During a century of its history, one can find in the Russian political emigration the representatives of all political movements existing in Russia. The emigrants are not only the main source of information about Russia, they also act as the central agents of cultural transfers Russia – Europe, Europe – Russia and in some cases Europe - Europe. This research situated at the crossroad of the intellectual history, history of political concepts and political philosophy, is focused on the influence of Russian political thought on the French political and social thought. It combines the study of the political and intellectual activity of Russian emigrants with the analysis of their individual exchanges with their French colleagues. Using the theoretical tool developed by Michel Espagne and Michaël Werner it demonstrates, on the examples of Russian socialism idealising the peasant commune and of the personalist philosophy of Nicolas Berdyaev, how certain ideas, certain concepts and certain ideological movements are accepted and transformed while others are ignored or forgotten. This study proves that the immigrants are the active actors, who’s practices and strategies modify the ideological and political realities both the of the countries of departure and of arrival
Mons, Isabelle. "Lou Andreas-Salomé et l'anthropologie de son temps." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030059.
Full textThe writings of Lou Andreas-Salomé (1861-1937) form a meeting point of different cultures (European, Slavic, oriental). Reaching far beyond women's history exclusively, they belong to the history of philosophy and to the world of psychoanalysis. As a charismatic figure, Lou Andreas-Salomé is the woman of the fin de siècle. She is a critic, an essayist, a diarist, a biographer, a letter writer and a novelist. She is also one of the first women intellectuals to have brought together many disciplines: literature (Nietzschean thought and Lebensphilosophie, Rilke's poems, naturalist theatre), art (painting and sculpture) and religion (histories and differences) go hand in hand with science (psychology, biology, entomology, zoology, psychoanalysis). Lou Andreas-Salomé made the human being the centre of a study whose psychological and religious paradigms, between 1885 and 1911, were a fundamental preparation for her clinical analysis of the psyche: the human being looks for its first nature - forgotten under the influence of the individualist values of modernity - while faith in God, the redeeming power of Eros and artistic creation return him to the comfort of the original whole. After 1912, Lou Andreas-Salomé's anthropological thought went far beyond the context of Tiefenpsychologie: as an analyst, the woman of letters contributed subtly to the understanding of the unconscious and the sexual identity of woman, the symbol of humanity. The unifying theme of return to the deep self is part of a tribute to life: it is the basis of her literary and psychoanalytical works that become the dual path to the appreciation of humankind
Durot, Nicole. "Ludwig Thoma et Munich : une contribution à la vie sociale, politique et culturelle à Munich au tournant du siècle." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040218.
Full textFor many critics, L. Thoma (1867-1921) is a regional writer. No doubt he knew the country and the people he often portrayed in his works perfectly. However, the role of Munich in his writing also has to be highlighted. Thoma's work is most varied: to his many contributions as a journalist for the Simplicissimus, the Marz and the Miesbacher Anzeiger, we must add his stories, plays and novels. To analyze the image of Munich, we have relied on the whole of Thoma's works. Our study revolves around the threefold examination of the social, political and cultural life. Starting from essential aspects of the social reality of Munich at the turn of the century our purpose has been to analyze the various social classes depicted by Thoma. In his fairly complete depiction, the working class is remarkably missing. This work also looks at the image of the great city in contrast to the countryside which raises the problem of the so called perversity of the modern metropolis. After clarifying the political role of Munich, we have aimed at showing the consequences of Bavarian politics on Thoma's work. Although as a journalist, he often satirized the berlin politics, the Bavarian parliament, some parliamentarians and other members of the government belonging to the Zentrum were not spared either. The image of the Zentrum conveyed through the fictive character Filser is particularly worth studying. The major political events contemporary of Thoma's life have also been included. Finally, after assessing Munich’s artistic role and its influence in Germany, we have considered Thoma's position as regards the importance given to the main arts (literature, painting, music, the cinema)
Perli, Antonello. "Carlo Michelstaedter (1887-1910) : la vocation de l'existence." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040237.
Full textThe intellectual activity of Carlo Michelstaedter aim at the identification of the moral purity and of the existential heroism of an ideal model of the subjectivity, that he calls "the persuaded man". The man "on the way of the persuasion" is the man who has the "vocation for the existence": his existence is the religious aim of his life. Therefore the portrait of Michelstaedter that we have tried to draw is not the portrait of a "poet" or that of a "philosopher", but it is the portrait of an intellectual of the beginning of our century, whose spiritual way and moral speculation we have tried to analyze. Our study about the works of this author is based on a textual analysis (formal and conceptual analysis in the same time), on a cultural analysis and on an historical and ideological analysis. In the first part of this study we analyze Michelstaedter's works of 1905- 1907: the romantic "poetical prehistory", the literary reviewals, the "poetic of the anxiety". In the second part we study the intellectual activity of Michelstaedter during his Florentine period 1907-1909. In this second part of our study we have tried to describe the forms of the intellectual and artistical phenomenology of the Florentine culture at the beginning of our century. In the third part, the textual analysis - literary and philosophical analysis - concerns the 1908-1910 period. The study of La Persuasione e la rettorica is preceded by the literary and theorical analysis of the narrative and poetical metaphors that we have pointed out in the works of the year 1908, and by the literary and conceptual analysis of the poems written in 1909- 1910; it is followed by the analysis of the later Michelstaedter's poems: this last analysis has allowed us to point out that it is through the symbolical expression Michelstaedter reaches to show us the authentic meaning of this ideal of "persuasion" at whom ends his spiritual search, his "vocation for the existence"
Vignal, Marie-Noëlle. "Alain-Fournier : culture et création, influences et affinités." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20066.
Full textThe thesis "alain fournier his writing and culture" brings into question the legends generated by many critics and hagiographers concerning the author of le grand meaulnes. The correspondance between. A. Fournier and j. Riviere is the life line without which it is impossible to recount his formative years which teemed with bookish encounters. The authors most frequently and enthusiastically read were claudel and gide in whom it is easy to recognize the intellectual mentors who played such a vital part in unfolding fournier's creative processes and his aesthetics regarding the novel. Alain fournier's artistic education owes a lot to the preraphaelites (which he discovered during his time in the united kingdom) and to symbolist painters such as carriere and redon : the dreamlike quality which enshrouds the grand meaulnes might well have been instigated by them. M. Denis a pre-war painter belonging to a christian revival group, no doubt rekindled in fournier the faith of his childhood. In this way alain-fournier is placed in relation to the philosophical and spiritual trends of the years 1900 to 1913. This was a time when the intellectual elite of french youth, haunted by tormented self-questioning, tended to look to well-known converts such as claudel, peguy, leon bloy. In this work are laid out he complex stages of his spiritual evolution. His mystical yearnings are not compatible with doctrines and orthodoxy
Miloš, Edi. "Antun Radić et la genèse du mouvement paysan croate (1868-1905)." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040036.
Full textAt the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Antun Radić (1868-1919) mobilizes his efforts through studies and activities to give a new breath to the national croatian movement, which flourishes in the southern parts of the Habsbourg Monarchy. Convinced that the peasantry is the nation’s incarnation, Antun Radić applies himself to educate the rural areas in order to prepare the peasants to fight against foreign rule. Progressively, he devises a system of ideas based on the conservation of rural areas' traditional structures and culture, and on slavic solidarity, which will support the creation of the Croatian popular peasant party in 1904. Long marginalized, the party will play a major role in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after the First World War
Olivier-Messonnier, Laurence. "Guerre et littérature de jeunesse française (1870-1919)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20003.
Full textRebière-Cornet, Martine. "La société comme matière romanesque : convergences naturalistes dans les romans de Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdos et Emilia Pardo Bazán." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30019.
Full textThis study entitled, "Society as a subject for a novel". The convergence of elements of Naturalism in the novels of Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdós and Emilia Pardo Bazán, endeavours to analyze the influence of the author of the Rougon-Macquart series on his fellow spanish authors. The Second Empire and the Spanish Restoration period will be shown to have been at the forefront of the literary scene. In Zola's works and those of the spanish naturalist writers, the middle class and the working class will express the economic and social changes in each country and in modern society. In their novels, Zola and the spanish naturalists manage to depict the society in which they lived from a literary point of view through the use of naturalist description, free indirect speech and everyday language. Both physiological or sociological determinism will play their part in the creation of Zola's Characters and those of the Spanish naturalists. However Galdós, Clarín and doña Emilia Pardo Bazán will never portray their characters in the same primitive way as Zola. Finally, spanish naturalism will soon develop into a form of spiritualism that is more characteristic of the French literature of the second half of the nineteenth century, the period which heralded the Decadent movement
Kaynar, Erdal. "Ahmed Riza (1858-1930) : histoire d'un vieux Jeune Turc." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0129.
Full textThe thesis is on the Young Turk leader Ahmed Rıza (1858-1930). Through the life of a single person, the intellectual and political history of late Ottoman Empire with a special emphasis on the Young Turk movement is exemplified. The microhistorical approach aims at illustrating how ideological and political evolutions converged and interacted in one person, and thus, how a political interpretation of Ottoman reality was articulated. At the same time, it places Ahmed Rıza in the social, political, intellectual and cultural context of the French Third Republic. First, I explore the possibilities of a non-French existence in fin-de-siècle Paris in order to highlight Rıza’s role in Parisian society. Second, I underline the importance of this experience for Ahmed Rıza’s life in order to develop an understanding of this connected history between France and the Ottoman Empire. Rıza being one of the most important thinkers of his time, I analyze which socio-historical circumstances contributed to the development of a modernist political thought, which aimed at replacing the Ottoman Empire in the unified space-time of the fin-de-siècle world. At the same time, I stress the uncertainties and tensions of this thought, resulting often in contradictory interpretations of the Ottoman Empire and the world in general. The entire work emphasizes the global context of different cultural, intellectual and sociopolitical trends in the Ottoman Empire and France, and aims at their integration in a critical approach to modernity
Kozan, Aksel. "Trois critiques internes du champ intellectuel en Europe : Julien Benda, Karl Kraus et Gilbert Keith Chesterton (des années 1890 à la fin des années 1930)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0030.
Full textThis study deals with the birth of the internal critic of the intellectual field, in the first decades of the XXth century, through the confrontation of three major « cases » in Paris, London and Vienna and the identification of homologies and transnational logics of structuration. Our intent to establish links between Julien Benda (1867-1956), Karl Kraus (1874-1936) and Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) relies mainly on the fact that they belong to the same generation of intellectuals and have devoted part of their work to internal critic of the intellectual field in their respective countries. The expression "internal critic" refers to the intellectual as a critic of his own social microcosm, taking a stance in the defence of intellectual values. The first part of this PhD focuses on the growth of a critical authority, through the study of the authors' formative years and their action within mass culture. The second part highlights the main distinctive features of the internal critic of the intellectual field, from iconoclastic to adaptative strategies. The third part focuses on the reception of the three authors' work by their contemporaries and thereafter on their legacy in English, German and French-speaking areas. Mediators and receivers involved in cultural transfers reveal the European integration of the various national fields as well as the importance of national issues in the uses that are made of imported works
Danguy, Laurence. "« Jugend » et son ange : regards croisés de l'anthropologie religieuse et de l'histoire de l'art sur la figure de l'ange dans la revue « Jugend » (1896-1920)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0065.
Full textMunich, January 1896 : the arrival of "Jugend - Illustrated Magazine for Art and Life" causes a kind of cultural, aesthetic and social landslide. An unheard-of large scale mixture of texts and images, it claims to be open for all styles, anti-Wilhelmine but patriotic, liberal thus anti-clerical. Its conceptual name synonymous with coutinuous revival and eternal youth forms its platform. On a first view, the number of angels even of singular appearance and irregularly entering the scene, is perplexing. An interdisciplinary approach, regarding these angelic figures who are, at the same time, close to and distant from their religious point of reference, under a double long-term focus - of history of art and of anthropology of religion - illumates their being appropriated for reasons of the cult of art, as well as the will of situating them in the centre of a modernism with vanguard and eschatological pretense
Poulon, Jean-Auguste. "Paul Léautaud et le champ littéraire (1893-1927)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7190.
Full textThis dissertation considers Léautaud in the light of the literary field of its time, in order to understand how the the author of Le Petit ami came to be regarded by the general audience as solely being the author of the Journal littéraire [Journal of a Man of Letters]. In order to do so, I have relied on the entirety of Léautaud’s work until 1927, as well as on the Journal littéraire, the latter being both the object and the material of my study. The first part examines the state of the literary field at the time when Léautaud started his writer’s career. What one finds is a deeply changing world, in which one has to devise a strategy in order to « make it » (Chapter I). Le Mercure de France — both a journal and a publishing house — is then at the center of this field of cultural productions. It features Léautaud’s first publications in 1895. Taking advantage of such a position, Léautaud writes about the literary fields that now surrounds him. These writings show him being disappointed, and even critical, about the path being taken by Le Mercure de France under the direction of Alfred Vallette, as Léautaud believed that this institution was becoming too entangled with the power (Chapter II). The second part assesses Léautaud’s own position within the literary field. As many of his contemporaries, he first tried to establish himself by following the rules of the literary strategy (Chapter III). But as the singular habitus he adopted — namely adjusting his own social and literary positioning according to the state of the field at a given moment — proved to be a failure, Léautaud resigned himself to becoming a solitary yet independent writer, thus appearing to be a misanthropist. This is when he started focusing mainly on his Journal, the position that he kept at the Mercure allowing him to remain an observer of the literary life. Gradually, he will come to the realisation that it is these pages that will actually lead him to the position, and bring him the glory, that he had been looking for in the literary field (Chapter IV)
Wittmann, Jean-Michel. "Les premières oeuvres romanesques d'André Gide : une réaction critique au symbolisme et à la décadence." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21005.
Full textThis study analyses the critical reaction to symbolisms and decadence in the earliest works by Gide, from Les Cahiers d'André Walter (1891) to Le Prométhée mal enchaîné, including Le Voyage d'Urien, La Tentative amoureuse, Paludes, El Hadj and Les Nourritures terrestres. It lays the emphasis on three aspects - the writer's ethics, his writing and morals - which are apprehended through a theorical biais and it puts to the fore the deep-laid influence exerted upon the creative works of Gide by the criticism of symbolism. The basis for the different analysis put forward in this study is the analysis of Les Cahiers d'André Walter. The next three chapters successively pay attention to the criticism of the symbolists, their literary technique and literary circles, all elements which also correspond to Gide's own criticism of his first novel. The study is continued by two chapters which are dedicated to works writen after Paludes and whose sin is to investigate further into the outcome of the above-mentioned criticism and espacially to demonstrate how Gide progressivly brings to the scene a new conception of the writer. Gide's artistic evolution in the literary context of symbolism is thus best analysed through this study which also throws light on the quintessential part play
Marteil, Marie Antoinette. "L'oeuvre de Bertha von Suttner de 1880 à 1897 : une aristocrate autrichienne en rupture avec la tradition." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2033/document.
Full textBertha von Suttner (1843-1914) is well known for her commitment to peace. Her book Lay down your arms! (1889) made her famous before World War First. She becam one of main advocates of the idea of universal peace through the creation of a European suprantional identity. She owes the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to her international fame. But beyond this fight she was committed to the defence of women or against the dogmatism of society and the church. How to define the consistency of her many fights at the very time when a pacifist and emancipating discourse was emerging ? the present thesis, based on a original analysis of the author's novels and short stories with an autobiographical undertone, is driving to light her breaking away from tradition but on a politically not revolutionary way, with the persitent influence of the popular philosophy of the German Enlightenment Age at the end of the XIXth century. The thesis shows the topicality of this innovative aristocrat's positions