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Academic literature on the topic 'Vieillissement de la peau – Dissertations universitaires'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vieillissement de la peau – Dissertations universitaires"
Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan. "Effet des rayonnements ultraviolets A sur les processus d'endocytose et sur le métabolisme des lipides dans les fibroblastes et les kératinocytes humains en culture." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté de pharmacie (Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114807.
Full textCrublet, Marie-Laure. "Détermination structurale des saponosides et flavonoi͏̈des isolés de trois Lécythidaceae. Activité dermocosmétique des saponosides." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP201.
Full textExtracts enrichided with saponins, obtained from stem barks of two Lecythidacaea, Foetidia africana and Bertholletia excelsa, showed an activity on human dermal fibroblasts in culture. The first extract stimulates the fibroblastic synthesis of GAG, and the second stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen. These activities should allow a dermocosmetic utilisation of the two extracts. In this work, we studied the chemical composition of these bioactive extracts. The chemical composition of a third species of Lecythidaceae, Planchonia grandis, was also studied. Structures of three prosapogenins, twenty-four saponins and three flavonoi͏̈ds, all newly described, were elucidated using mono and bidimensionnal NMR experiments and mass spectrometry ESI-(MS)n
Eklouh-Molinier, Christophe. "Caractérisation moléculaire et structurale du vieillissement cutané au moyen de la micro-imagerie d’absorption infrarouge et de la microspectroscopie de diffusion Raman." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMP205/document.
Full textThe skin protects the body against external aggressions. However, the skin is not immune to the inevitable effects of the chronological aging. Indeed, this process leads to several structural alterations of the different cutaneous layers to the point of affecting their functional characteristics. This thesis work aims to assess the molecular and structural changes of the skin during chronological aging by using non-invasive methods such as optical vibrational spectroscopies. To do this, we highlighted the structural modifications of the collagen network in different-aged skin samples by using an approach based on FT-IR imaging (Fourier Transform Infrared) in polarized mode. Subsequently, we demonstrated the influence of water molecules on the changes of collagen fibers with age by adopting a methodology based on the substitution, thermodynamically favorable, of the collagen-bound water molecules (H2O) by deuterated water molecules (D2O). In in vivo studies, we have established correlations between physical and molecular properties of the stratum corneum (SC) by analyzing the Raman and biometric measurements with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) processing. Based on the complementarity of the biophysical techniques employed, these studies permitted to evaluate the impact of the chronological aging on the skin and could open some interesting prospects in both cosmetology and dermatology
Baeriswyl, Simon. "Etude de l'altération du vieillissement de C. Elegans par sa flore intestinale." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T012.
Full textAging theory holds that populations exposed to higher environmentally imposed mortality evolve faster aging. It has been postulated that the presence of parasites causing high extrinsic mortality may trigger an inducible acceleration of host aging. I tested this hypothesis in a detailed and systematic investigation of how the aging patterns of genetically identical Caenorhabditis elegans can be altered by human opportunistic pathogen or innocuous strains of Escherichia coli. My results suggest that pathogenic bacteria trigger a re-allocation of resources from body maintenance to reproduction and antimicrobial defense, causing faster accumulation of damage and thus faster aging. I also observed that mortality increased at a slower rate in old worms, a phenomenon known as mortality deceleration. I formulated a mathematical model explaining why the deceleration of mortality occurred earlier and at higher levels of mortality when the worms were grown in contact with more virulent bacteria
Simon, Etienne. "Etude des possibilités d'extension tissulaire sous l'effet d'une traction uni-axiale et applications cliniques." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11311.
Full textDakouane, Giudicelli Mbarka. "Influence du vieillissement sur la spermatogenèse : évaluation histologique et génétique." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N18S.
Full textThe increase of frequency ofAssisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) for elder men raises the question of the genetic risk for the offspring. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of ageing on the testicular histology, the aneuploidy rate in testis postmeiotic cells and the DNA fragmentation in sperm. Patients and methods. – We performed a histomorphometric study of 36 men aged from 61 to 102 years and 10 young men from 29 to 40 years. The aneuploidy rate was evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridation (FISH X,Y, 18) and DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa was evaluated by TUNEL. Histomorphometry showed various alterations of testicular histology with age including thickening of the basal membrane when spermatogenesis.
Lahoute, Charlotte. "SRF, un facteur de transcription crucial dans la physiologie des muscles squelettiques : Contribution au vieillissement et à l'hypertrophie." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T009.
Full textTo investigate SRF function in adult skeletal muscle physiology, we developed a myofiber-specific and tamoxifen-inducibie SRF Knockout mice model. After induction of SRF loss, mutant muscles exhibits similar alterations to those observed during muscle aging. We also observed an important age-associated decrease in SRF expression in control muscles. Thus SRF loss with age could contribute to the natural muscle aging process. To assess the role of SRF during hypertrophy, I submitted muscles of mutant and control mice to an overload-induced hypertrophy and showed that only controls muscles show a hypertrophic response. The lack of hypertrophy in mutant muscles is due to an impairment of satellite cells proliferation and fusion. In fact, SRF enhance hypertrophy through the control of IL6 and IL4 expression in a paracrine fashion. Our results show that SRF is involved in skeletal muscle maintenance and hypertrophy
André, Agnès. "Approche du métabolisme des plasmalogènes cérébraux : influences du vieillissement et des acides gras alimentaires n-3." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOMU10.
Full textSchumm, Sophie. "Vieillissement du système dopaminergique et du comportement moteur dans un modèle de maladie de Parkinson chez la souris." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T019.
Full textC75B1/6 mice, control and intoxicated at 2. 5 months by l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) (4x15 mg/kg ip) have been folio wed-up to 21 months. In controls, hyperactivity occurred from 12 months probably linked to change in DA transmission but without DA cell loss. After MPTP, hyperactivity was immediate and became greater than in control from 14 months and more dependent on DA transmission but the initial post MPTP decrease in DA cells was no more significant at 21 months. In both groups, irrespective of age, neither motor symptoms nor DA changes showed a fast worsening as that observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, there was no abnormal proteins accumulation in the substantia nigra and in the striatum despite an aged-related decrease in proteasomal activities. There was no progressive increment of activated microglial cells. These results do not support the notion that a PD-like syndrome occurs in C57B1/6 mice even after MPTP intoxication
Jourdan, Marion. "La séquestration splanchnique des acides aminés au cours du vieillissement." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N08S.
Full textBackground : Splanchnic sequestration of amino acids (SSAA) is a process observed during aging that leads to decreased peripheral amino acid (AA) availability. The mechanisms underlying SSAA remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether a high-protein diet can increase nitrogen retention in aged rats by saturating SSAA, and whether SSAA can be explained by dysregulation of hepatic nitrogen metabolism per se. Materiel and methods: Adult and aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed a normal-protein (17% protein) or a high-protein diet (27%) for two weeks. Nitrogen balance (NB) was calculated daily. On day 14, livers were isolated and perfused (IPL) for 90 min to study AA and urea fluxes. Results: NB was lower in aged rats fed. . . .