Journal articles: 'Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961)'

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Sukaniasa, Komang. "PENYALAHGUNAAN HAK KEKEBALAN DIPLOMATIK DITINJAU DARI KONVENSI WINA 1961 (STUDI KASUS PENYELUNDUPAN EMAS OLEH PEJABAT DIPLOMATIK KOREA UTARA DI BANGLADESH)." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v1i1.66.

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Diplomatic officials are state representatives in developing diplomatic relations with other countries where it is accredited. Diplomatic officials have the rights of immunity and privileges granted by the sending country. Besides enjoying these rights, diplomatic officials also have obligations. As a diplomatic official from North Korea, Son Young Nam is obliged to obey the rules contained in the 1961 Vienna Convention, the 1969 New York Convention, and to respect the national law of the country of Bangladesh which is the country where he was accredited. Son Young Nam's smuggling of gold into Bangladesh was a form of abuse of diplomatic immunity. The act violated Articles 27 and 41 (1) of the 1961 Vienna Convention and Article 25b of The Special Power Act of Bangladesh. Although they have the right to immunity, these rights are not absolute. Immune rights can be breached in the event of gross violations committed by diplomatic officials.

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Wouters, Jan, and Sanderijn Duquet. "The EU and International Diplomatic Law: New Horizons?" Hague Journal of Diplomacy 7, no. 1 (2012): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119112x609185.

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Summary The European Union has a unique sui generis status on the international plane, which is reflected in its capability to enter into diplomatic relations with third states and international organizations. Over nearly six decades, the European Union (EU) has gradually built its own worldwide bilateral and multilateral diplomatic network, which is made subject — through specific agreements with the host country — to the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The ‘Union delegations’ are now operating as the diplomatic missions of the EU as a whole, in contrast to the former Commission delegations. This article examines the relationship between the EU and international diplomatic law. How does the EU establish and conduct diplomatic relations? What legal instruments are being used? How do the Vienna Convention and customary diplomatic law come into play? What is the exact legal status of EU ambassadors and diplomatic staff? By critically analysing these issues, this article assesses the specific contribution the EU makes to the further development of international diplomatic law.

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Jones Nathanael, Joshua, and Natalia Yeti Puspita. "Penanganan Pengungsi Afghanistan Di Indonesia: Turut Bertanggung Jawabkah Perwakilan Diplomatik Afghanistan Di Indonesia?" Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v7i1.31685.

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Apart from being intended to establish friendly relations, diplomatic relations are also carried out to improve cooperative relations in various fields. The objectives of this study include: 1) to find out whether the diplomatic representatives of Afghanistan in Indonesia are also responsible for handling Afghan refugees in Indonesia based on the 1961 Vienna Convention, 2) to find out how Indonesia's role as a receiving country in efforts to handle refugees from Afghanistan in Indonesia is based on the Convention. Wina 1961. This legal research uses the normative juridical legal method. Secondary data obtained through literature study is used as the main data. The findings of this study indicate that Afghan diplomatic representatives have no responsibility towards refugees from Afghanistan because they have abandoned their citizenship when they left their country. As a receiving country based on the 1961 Vienna Convention, Indonesia has played a role in handling refugees from Afghanistan by issuing Presidential Regulation no. 125/2016 concerning the Handling of Refugees from Abroad which is used as a normative and coordinative basis for Ministries / Agencies and in handling refugees from abroad by involving the role of the Regional Government.

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Duquet, Sanderijn. "Bound or Unbridled? A Legal Perspective on the Diplomatic Functions of European Union Delegations." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 13, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-13010030.

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Summary When serving abroad, diplomats must abide by both the diplomatic functions detailed in the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and the Convention’s general obligations. This applies, too, to the European Union’s missions (Union delegations), which execute diplomatic functions for the eu in third countries. These diplomatic activities are more severely constrained than for individual member states by the limits set by eu law in terms of the horizontal and vertical division of competences. This article demonstrates how Union delegations fulfil nearly all traditional diplomatic tasks outlined in the Vienna Convention, while going beyond the traditional conception of diplomatic functions in terms of human rights protection, the execution of administrative programmes, and the management of coordination/cooperation modes with eu member state missions on the ground. Ultimately, the article argues that Union delegations are able to meet the demands of modern diplomatic interchange and may have inadvertently altered diplomatic functions altogether.

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Yogy, Yonathan, and Ida Kurnia. "TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN PEJABAT DIPLOMATIK MENURUT KONVENSI WINA 1961 (CONTOH KASUS PENYERANGAN DUTA BESAR RUSIA DI TURKI)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2203.

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The establishment of diplomatic relations aims to strengthen a relationships between state. The establishment of diplomatic relations is based on mutual consent between two states. After consent has been reached, each state can dispatch members of the mission .The function of a member of the missions is to represent the sending state, to protect the interests of the sending state and its nationals, to negotiate, Ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and to promote friendly relations between the sending country and the receiving country. The Vienna Convention 1961 on diplomatic relations provides immunity and privilege to members of the missions in carrying out diplomatic functions . Such immunity and privilege are granted not for personal gain, it is provided to facilitate members of the missions in performing diplomatic functions. One of the forms of immunity is Inviolability. Inviolability of members of the missions is regulated by Article 29 of Vienna Convention 1961. Article 29 stated that the receiving state shall take appropriate measures to prevent any attack on members of the missions. But if the receiving state fails to protect the members of the missions, is there any legal consequence and state’s responsibility ?. The author is interested to raise the issue into a thesis.

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Bruns, Kai S. "‘A Hazardous Task’: Britain and the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." International History Review 39, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1185021.

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Langhorne, Richard. "The regulation of diplomatic practice: the beginnings to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961." Review of International Studies 18, no. 1 (January 1992): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500118716.

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Diplomats, whose historical reputation in earlier times has so often been unsavoury, have more recently been highly regarded, except perhaps in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, for which catastrophe they were held by some to be to blame. The privations of the Cold War and the occasional severe maltreatments endured in unsettled states have from time to time since 1945 made them heroes. The change of status has, particularly since the nineteenth century, been associated with a rising sense of belonging to a recognizable and separate profession, with its own body of knowledge and skill, for which suitable candidates could be trained. This development was slow in gestation and its first signs cannot be reliably identified until the seventeenth century with the appearance of the first clutch of semi-professional manuals. From that time, a potential semantic confusion has existed arising out of the use of the adjective ‘diplomatic’ sometimes to describe the process of international political argument and its eventual success or failure in reaching agreement, and sometimes to describe the administrative mechanism of diplomacy itself. it was this latter aspect of diplomacy, seen separately from the content of policy, which from the mid nineteenth century began to attract a new kind of attention, driven particularly by international lawyers, to the point where it was beginning to seem desirable to attain a general international agreement as to what were the rules of the game.

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Pariente, David. "Diplomatic immunity and the Mental Health Act 1983." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 4 (April 1991): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.4.207.

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The UK, in common with all other countries party to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, affords foreign diplomats a special status in law. Under the Diplomatic Privileges Act (1964) (DPA), accredited diplomats are accorded inviolability and cannot be detained compulsorily under any Act of Parliament, including the Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA).

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Barker, J. Craig. "The Function of Diplomatic Missions in Times of Armed Conflict or Foreign Armed Intervention." Nordic Journal of International Law 81, no. 4 (2012): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08104001.

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This article examines Raoul Wallenberg’s work as a diplomat in Budapest between June 1944 and January 1945. It suggests that Wallenberg’s legacy was initially very limited as a result of the state-centric approach to the codification of diplomatic law in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. Nevertheless, it is argued that the emergence of the so-called “new” diplomacy, coupled with the developing notion of “responsibility to protect” in the face of gross violations of human rights, such as those faced by Wallenberg, have opened up the possibility for diplomats to engage in the process of protecting civilian populations in times of internal strife

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Noviani, Riktin, and Garry Gumelar Pratama. "LEGITIMIZATION OF JERUSALEM EMBASSY ACT ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW." Diponegoro Law Review 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.6.1.2021.108-122.

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Jerusalem is a special entity under the administrative power of United Nations according to United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, where Jerusalem does not fall under the sovereignty of any state. Jerusalem Embassy Act is the public law of United States which recognized Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel by establishing a diplomatic mission in the city.This paper concludes that Jerusalem Embassy Act is illegitimate according to international law. It turns its back to international obligation under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 and UN resolutions.Thus, the Jerusalem Embassy Act has to be pulled back by the US parliament in order to maintain international peace and security, bearing in mind the ongoing dispute between Palestine and Israel.

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Denza, Eileen. "A Cornerstone of Modern Diplomacy: Britain and the Negotiation of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." Journal of Cold War Studies 23, no. 3 (2021): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_01031.

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Denza, Eileen. "A Cornerstone of Modern Diplomacy: Britain and the Negotiation of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. By Kai Bruns." British Yearbook of International Law 85, no. 1 (2014): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/brv011.

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Alston, Charlotte. "A Cornerstone of Modern Diplomacy. Britain and the Negotiation of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, by Kai Bruns." International History Review 38, no. 5 (June 26, 2016): 1087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1195115.

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Yusvitasari, Devi. "PENERAPAN PRINSIP PERSONA NON GRATA TERHADAP DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENGANIAYAAN TKI OLEH DUTA BESAR ARAB SAUDI DI JERMAN)." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v1i1.64.

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A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non-grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

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Yusvitasari, Devi. "Penerapan Prinsip Persona Non Grata Terhadap Duta Besar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Penganiayaan TKI Oleh Duta Besar Arab Saudi Di Jerman)." Jurnal Locus Delicti 1, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jld.v1i2.375.

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A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non- grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

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Duquet, Sanderijn. "A Cornerstone of Modern Diplomacy: Britain and the Negotiation of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, written by Kai Bruns (2014)." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10, no. 4 (October 23, 2015): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341321.

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Okladnaya, Marina, and Viktoriya Slivnaya. "Protocol of credentials in European countries: general and special." Law and innovative society, no. 2 (15) (January 4, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2309-9275-2020-2(15)-5.

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Problem setting. The purpose of establishing diplomatic relations is to maintain constant relations between the countries at the highest diplomatic level. The main stages of establishing diplomatic relations are regulated by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of April 18, 1961. At the same time, this document in many respects refers to the national law of countries. The presentation of credentials is the final action, after which diplomatic relations are considered established, and the powers of state representatives take effect. However, international law does not specify the specific form and procedure for the presentation of credentials, as it is up to the States to decide. Therefore, each state has its own practice of the presentation of credentials, which depends on its form of government, national characteristics, historical past. Therefore, it is relevant today to compare the protocols of credentials in the practice of different countries to determine the positive and negative aspects. Target research. The aim of the work is to determine the main content of credentials in the process of establishing diplomatic relations, to study the practice of ceremonies of credentials on the example of Europe and Ukraine, to analyze existing problems in this area of international relations and solutions. Analysis of recent research and publication. This topic is the basis of research in many works of recognized authors. Examples are theoretical works Sagaidak O.P. «Diplomatic protocol and etiquette», Tkacha D.I. «Diplomatic protocol in the Republic of Hungary: general, special», Tymoshenko N.L. «Features of diplomatic, business protocol and etiquette of the Netherlands», and other Ukrainian scholars. Also well-known works of foreign authors are the works of Ikanovich S. and Picarsky J. «Diplomatic Protocol and Good Manners», John Wood and Jean Serre «Diplomatic Ceremony and Protocol», Bennett Carol «Business Etiquette and Protocol». Article’s main body. The establishment of diplomatic relations is aimed at the exchange of diplomatic missions between states. This process ends with the procedure of presenting credentials. Credentials are a document that officially certifies the status of a diplomatic representative of the accrediting state in the host state. This document is important in international law because it has a long history and represents the beginning of the official activities of the ambassador to the host country. Modern elements of the procedure of awarding credentials are common to many states. But each country today has its own characteristics of the ceremony of awarding credentials, which usually depends on its form of government. For example, monarchies (Netherlands, England) still have in their practice a lavish and pathetic conduct of diplomatic events. In contrast, іn today’s democracies (Hungary) the protocol of credentials is more modern and simplified due to the absence of outdated traditions and irrelevant measures. However, each country has both positive and negative aspects of the ceremony. Ukraine has little experience in diplomatic protocol since gaining independence in 1991. Today, national law effectively regulates the procedure for awarding credentials, but many provisions do not correspond to reality. Therefore, Ukraine must develop in this area of international relations on the basis of foreign experience. Conclusions and prospect of development. Thus, the presentation of credentials plays an important role in regulating diplomatic relations between countries. The basis for this ceremony is the characteristics of the state, which includes the political regime, form of government, historical past, modern development, features of the national mentality. In our opinion, the process of universalization of the diplomatic protocol is a variant of development of this field of international relations. The appropriate direction of such development may be the unification of norms relating to the ceremony of awarding credentials, as international law is being actively improved and updated, as exemplified by European integration. As modern Ukraine continues to actively establish diplomatic relations with other countries and exchange diplomatic missions, it is necessary to streamline legislation and develop it on the example of the positive experience of European countries.

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Brown, Jonathan. "Diplomatic Immunity: State Practice Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 37, no. 1 (January 1988): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/37.1.53.

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Bartholomeusz, L. "Eileen Denza. Diplomatic Law, Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." European Journal of International Law 20, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 1286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chp082.

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Orakhelashvili, Alexander. "Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; Consular Law and Practice." Nordic Journal of International Law 79, no. 2 (2010): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181010x12668401899156.

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Shi, Xinxiang. "Official Acts and Beyond: Towards an Accurate Interpretation of Diplomatic Immunity Ratione Materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." Chinese Journal of International Law 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmz026.

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Abstract This article explores the scope of diplomatic immunity ratione materiae under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The difficulty regarding the topic lies in the interpretation of what constitutes an act performed “in the exercise of” diplomatic functions. Based on a critique of differing views, it is argued that diplomatic immunity ratione materiae covers not only official acts stricto sensu, but also certain private acts ancillary or incidental to the performance of diplomatic functions. In practice, the availability of the immunity is heavily dependent on the factual end of a case. Therefore, instead of using general exceptions or standards to denote the scope of the immunity, it is better to determine the immunity on a case-by-case basis in light of the seriousness of an act and the connection between the act and the functions performed.

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Blagojević, Veljko. "The specificity of implementing the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations in defense (military) diplomacy." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, no. 87 (2020): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-25500.

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Gunawarman, Irsyad Prabowo, Wisnu Aryo Dewanto, and Suhariwanto Suhariwanto. "Kekebalan Diplomatik dalam Transaksi Komersial." KELUWIH: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v1i2.3333.

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Abstract—Diplomatic immunity and privilege which is arranged in the Vienna Convention 1961 is very important in ensuring the enactment of diplomatic functions in doing the mission. The abuse of immunity and privilege owned by the diplomatic representative often happens. Diplomatic representative abuse their rights in the form of mild violation to heavy crime. There have been cases on the abuse of diplomatic immunity in commercial transaction related to the civil jurisdiction immunity of the country the diplomat assigned in. The landlord in the country who rent their property to the diplomatic representative have become the victim in the abuse of diplomatic immunity. There was a diplomatic representative who refused to pay the rent because of diplomatic immunity reason and eventually managed to escape from the obligation to pay for the commercial transaction due to the protection of the immunity and privilege Keywords: abuse, diplomatic immunity, commercial transaction Abstrak—Kekebalan dan keistimewaan diplomatik yang diatur di dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjamin pelaksanaan fungsi diplomat dalam menjalankan misinya. Penyalahgunaan kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki perwakilan diplomatik masih sering terjadi. Perwakilan diplomatik menyalahgunakannya dalam bentuk pelanggaran ringan hingga kejahatan yang berat. Dalam perkembangannya, telah terjadi kasus penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik dalam transaksi komersial yang berkaitan dengan kekebalan yurisdiksi sipil negara penerima. Para tuan tanah dari negara penerima yang menyewakan propertinya kepada perwakilan diplomatik menjadi korban dalam penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik. Ada perwakilan diplomatik yang menolak membayar biaya sewa dengan alasan kekebalan diplomatik yang pada akhirnya lolos dari kewajibannya untuk membayar transaksi komersial karena berlindung pada kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimilikinya Kata kunci: penyalahgunaan, kekebalan diplomatik, transaksi komersial

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Subramanian, S. R. "Abuse of Diplomatic Privileges and the Balance between Immunities and the Duty to Respect the Local Laws and Regulations under the Vienna Conventions: The Recent Indian Experience." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 182–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340027.

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Abstract The successful adoption of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is hailed as the ‘landmark of the highest significance in the codification of international law’. It represented the first significant codification of any international instrument since the United Nations was established. However, despite the codification of the above rules, which is largely based on the pre-existing customary international law, the scope of diplomatic protection was not free from issues and controversies. In recent times, unfortunately, there is a growing tendency amongst the diplomats to abuse their diplomatic status to commit acts prohibited by law and still claim immunity from legal process. The States-parties also aggravate this situation by selectively interpreting the rules in their favor, ignoring the fact that reciprocity is the basis for the successful functioning of the diplomatic protection. In this connection, this paper addresses the problem of abuse of immunities and privileges and its adverse implications on the balance between immunities and the duty to respect the local laws and regulations, especially with special reference to the recent Indian experience. It explores the two recent Indian diplomatic confrontations, namely, the arrest of Devyani Khobragade and the travel ban on Daniele Mancini. Based on the study, it highlights the need for a well-balanced and equitable enforcement of the Vienna Conventions in the interest of maintenance of cordial diplomatic relations in the international community.

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Sivash, O. M. "THE STATUS OF FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE DIPLOMATIC AGENTS UNDER THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AND NATIONAL LAW OF UKRAINE." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 8 (2020): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-8/129.

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Ahmad, Nehaluddin. "The Obligation of Diplomats to Respect the Laws and Regulations of the Hosting State: A Critical Overview of the International Practices." Laws 9, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws9030018.

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Under Article 9 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, a receiving state may “at any time and without having to explain its decision” declare any member of a diplomatic staff persona non grata. A person so declared is considered unacceptable and is usually recalled to his or her home nation. If not recalled, the receiving state “may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the mission.” However, despite the codification of the above rules, which is largely based on pre-existing customary international law, the opportunity for diplomatic protection is not free of issues and controversies. In recent times, unfortunately, there has been a growing tendency amongst diplomats to abuse their diplomatic status, in order to commit acts prohibited by law and claim immunity from the legal process. This paper addresses the problem of abuse of immunities and privileges and its adverse implications on the balance between immunities and the duty to respect the local laws and regulations. We analyze several past cases of declaration of persona non grata involving various countries.

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Rasmussen, Kasper Grotle. "Clash of Emotions: White House—State Department Relations during the Kennedy Administration." American Studies in Scandinavia 49, no. 1 (January 29, 2017): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v49i1.5461.

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This article examines the rather poor emotional relationship between the White House and the State Department during 1961, the first year of the presidency of John F. Kennedy. The article argues that both sides had expectations of the relationship that turned into disappointments and that both sides felt that their approach and work was superior to the other. During the Berlin Crisis, this clash of emotions gained political significance concerning the case of the American response to a Soviet formal diplomatic note (an aide-mémoire) following the June 1961 Vienna Summit between Kennedy and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. The White House and the State Department had different priorities and because of the poor emotional relationship they failed to find common ground. The end result was that the State Department won the battle by having its preferred version of the response sent to the Soviets. But the Department lost the war, because the White House used the opportunity to take control of Berlin policy at the expense of the State Department.

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Won, Tae Joon. "See No Evil, Hear No Evil: The First Thatcher Government and the Problem of North Korea, 1979–1983." Britain and the World 11, no. 2 (September 2018): 232–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0301.

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This article explores the diplomatic challenges which confronted the first Margaret Thatcher administration in regard to Britain's Cold War policy of non-recognition of North Korea. The request of St. Vincent and the Grenadines to simultaneously appoint its resident High Commissioner to London as its non-resident Ambassador to Pyongyang had to be opposed by the British Foreign Office despite the fact that St. Vincent was not a party to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, while London had to consider breaking the provisions of the 1883 Paris Convention in order not to recognize the ‘right of priority’ of patents which had been approved in Pyongyang as was required. Also, North Korea's stated intention to join the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization and therefore establish its permanent mission in London forced the Foreign Office to attempt to block North Korea's admittance to the IMCO despite the principle of universality of international organizations, while Britain's inability to talk directly to the North Koreans deprived London of an important means with which to stop North Korean military aid from arriving in Zimbabwe.

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Franckx, Erik. "Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, by Eileen Denza. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998. ISBN 0-19-826582-4, 451 pp. £95.00." Leiden Journal of International Law 12, no. 4 (December 1999): 1017–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156599000527.

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Tiwari, Ayush. "Extent of Functional Immunity Granted to State Officials." Christ University Law Journal 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.14.4.

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Being a part of the international community has greatly altered the relations between different states. This article will focus on the concept of diplomatic immunity, and, specifically, functional immunity provided to state officials in the realm of international law. A thorough insight into the Vienna Convention regarding Diplomatic Immunity has furthered the scope of present research. Furthermore, a line of distinction is drawn between personal and functional Immunity. This paper will also take a look into the assumptions relating to functional immunity within international law and also evaluate its doctrinal approaches. Additionally, the legal ambit of the official Act, the importance for states to recognize functional immunity is also discussed. This article will not only talk about provisions established in law but also the customs which are adopted in relation to the functioning of rationemateriae. The possibility of weighing functional immunity alongside the states’ civil and criminal jurisdiction is also evaluated in the concluding part.

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Anderson, Scott. "Introductory Remarks by Scott Anderson." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 113 (2019): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.198.

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Over the past two years, we have really seen the Trump administration make treaty withdrawal something of a signature move, from the Treaty of Amity with Iran to the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, to the Optional Protocol for the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. The administration has taken steps to remove the United States, rightly or wrongly, from a wide array of longstanding international legal obligations. And while it is far from unprecedented, the administration has done so at a little bit of a faster pace than certain prior administrations have—and has embedded a lot of these moves within a consistent critique of international institutions and international commitments that promises further change on the horizon.

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Haughton, Suzette. "Bilateral Diplomacy: Rethinking the Jamaica-US Shiprider Agreement." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3, no. 3 (2008): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119108x367189.

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AbstractThe Shiprider Agreement — an important aspect of Jamaica-US bilateral diplomacy — represents the strength of diplomatic engagements that have been used to address the cross-border drug-trafficking problem. To substantiate this claim, this article examines the Jamaica-US Shiprider Agreement on three criteria.First, examining some examples of counter-drug cooperation before the Shiprider Agreement demonstrates that the fundamental basis for the Agreement is premised on a positive Jamaica-US relationship. This relationship, along with the stipulated obligations enshrined in the 1988 Vienna Convention, impelled the United States' proposal of the Shiprider Agreement. Second, the article uses complex interdependence theory to test the negotiation process and the outcome of the Agreement. Findings demonstrate that complex interdependence mainly confirms explanations of the foreign policy outcomes and diplomatic conduct displayed in the Jamaica-US Shiprider case. Finally, the article assesses the breakdown in the negotiation process and the initial implementation phase of the Agreement, arguing that this breakdown must be seen in context given the Agreement's successful ratification and its non-controversial continuation. The article concludes that despite the instances of breakdown, the birth and provision of the judicious Jamaica-US Shiprider Agreement owed much to the success of diplomacy.

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Brown, Catherine W. "Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (2d ed.). By Eileen Denza. New York: Oxford University Press/Clarendon Press, 1998. Pp. xix, 444. Index. £170." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 2 (April 2000): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555308.

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Trooboff, Peter D., and Luca G. Radicati di Brozolo. "Sovereign immunity—immunity from execution—customary international law—Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations—embassy bank accounts—aircraft belonging to state-owned airline." American Journal of International Law 84, no. 2 (April 1990): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203476.

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Bodansky, Daniel, and James Thuo Gathii. "ICJ—prohibition against the use of force—self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter—duty of vigilance—IHR and IHL under belligerent occupation." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029596.

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Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda). At <http://www.icj-cij.org>.International Court of Justice, December 19, 2005.In its December 19, 2005, judgment in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo v. Uganda (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found Uganda to have engaged in grave violations of the prohibition on the use of force and of its international humanitarian and human rights obligations during its occupation of Congelese territory. The Court also found that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had violated the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations for its treatment of Ugandan diplomats and also for the destruction of their diplomatic premises and the associated archives and records.The train of events leading to this case originated in May 1997 with President Laurent-Desire Kabila's deposition of Zairean dictator Mobutu-Ssese Seko. Having come to power with Ugandan and Rwandese military assistance, Kabila was unsuccessful in his effort to remove Ugandan and Rwandese troops from the DRC (paras. 48–50). The DRC alleged that in August 1998, Ugandan armed forces invaded (para. 29) and then captured and occupied Congolese towns and territory in defiance of Kabila's decision that Ugandan and Rwandese forces should leave the DRC (para. 29–31). Further, the DRC contended that Uganda recruited, funded, trained, equipped, and supplied armed Congolese groups opposed to the Kabila government (para. 32).

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Beddard, R. "Diplomatic Law: A Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. By EILEEN DENZA. 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. 451 pp, (including table of cases, appendices and index). 95." British Yearbook of International Law 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/70.1.250.

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Glodić, Duško. "Importance and Role of Honorary Consuls in Exercise of Consular Functions // Značaj i uloga počasnih konzula u obavljanju konzularnih funkcija." Годишњак факултета правних наука - АПЕИРОН 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/gfp1808156g.

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The article explores the role and importance of honorary consuls in the exercise of consular functions assigned to them. Their commitment to the strengthening of the inter-state cooperation in the non-political sphere and the support, protection and advice provided by the honorary consuls were emphasised as the historically grounded services rendered by this category of agents. It is, however, stressed that, although the contemporary ways of communication between different state and non-state actors happen without the use of diplomatic and consular mechanisms, the honorary consuls still find their place in the relations between the states and commercial, trade and other sorts of partners based in different states. The positive International Law, including the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, as well as bilateral consular conventions, concluded between the interested parties, recognises the institutions of honorary consuls and possesses a certain set of rules that define the appointment and status of them. The article further explores the legal nature, privileges and immunities that are accorded to the honorary consuls and highlights the sets of usual and less usual consular functions that may be assigned to them by the sending state. Some exploration of both official and symbolic functions of the existence of the use of honorary consuls has been made in the article.

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Marston, Geoffrey. "Diplomatic Law: A Commentary on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. By EILEEN DENZA. Second edition. [Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1998. xix, 422, (Appendices) 21 and (Index) 5pp. Hardback £95.00 net. ISBN 0–19–826582–4.]." Cambridge Law Journal 58, no. 1 (March 1999): 222–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399251112.

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Jeffery, Laura. "Neither confirm nor deny: WikiLeaks evidence and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations in the judicial review of the Chagos Marine Protected Area (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)." Anthropology Today 30, no. 3 (June 2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12109.

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Yunitasari, Desi. "PELANGGARAN PRINSIP PERSONA GRATA ATAS PENYERANGAN DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENYERANGAN DUTA BESAR AMERIKA SERIKAT DI BENGHAZI LIBYA)." Ganesha Civic Education Journal 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/gancej.v1i1.63.

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The development of human history has proven that relations between countries are inevitable and are a necessity and often cause conflicts. Along with its development, an unavoidable event is an increase in violations of the provisions of international law, especially with regard to the principle of persona grata where officials or diplomat representatives should get protection when it has been received and placed in the recipient country. As happened in mid-2012 namely regarding the bombing incident carried out through a rocket attack on the United States Embassy (Libya) Office, Libya, in Benghazi City, on September 11, 2012. The attack resulted in the Ambassador and three embassy staff killed. In research that uses normative juridical methods, it is necessary to use secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results on research topics to determine the extent of the legal consequences of the principle of persona grata that has been violated. Based on the results of the study explained that the Libyan Government is responsible for the incident because it fulfills two elements of state responsibility including act or omission that can be imputable to a country, and the act or omission constitutes a violation of an international obligation, especially regarding the principle of persona grata. The Government of Libya as the recipient country is obliged to be responsible based on the 1961 Vienna Convention Article 22 Paragraph (2). As the injured party, the United States can hold the Libyan government diplomatically responsible, namely negotiations, bearing in mind that the benefits of negotiation settlement can be measured in all aspects.

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Yunitasari, Desi. "Pelanggaran Prinsip Persona Grata Atas Penyerangan Duta Besar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Penyerangan Duta Besar Amerika Serikat Di Benghazi Libya)." Jurnal Locus Delicti 1, no. 2 (April 22, 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jld.v1i2.374.

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The development of human history has proven that relations between countries are inevitable and are a necessity and often cause conflicts. Along with its development, an unavoidable event is an increase in violations of the provisions of international law, especially with regard to the principle of persona grata where officials or diplomat representatives should get protection when it has been received and placed in the recipient country. As happened in mid-2012 namely regarding the bombing incident carried out through a rocket attack on the United States Embassy (Libya) Office, Libya, in Benghazi City, on September 11, 2012. The attack resulted in the Ambassador and three embassy staff killed. In research that uses normative juridical methods, it is necessary to use secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results on research topics to determine the extent of the legal consequences of the principle of persona grata that has been violated. Based on the results of the study explained that the Libyan Government is responsible for the incident because it fulfills two elements of state responsibility including act or omission that can be imputable to a country, and the act or omission constitutes a violation of an international obligation, especially regarding the principle of persona grata. The Government of Libya as the recipient country is obliged to be responsible based on the 1961 Vienna Convention Article 22 Paragraph (2). As the injured party, the United States can hold the Libyan government diplomatically responsible, namely negotiations, bearing in mind that the benefits of negotiation settlement can be measured in all aspects.

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"A Local Authority v. AG, DG, and SG, GG & AG." International Law Reports 192 (2021): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilr.2020.47.

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659Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic immunity — Family of diplomatic agent — Child protection — Children Act 1989 — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Articles 31, 32 and 37 — Treaty interpretation — Relevance of human rights agreements — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 — Human Rights Act 1998Treaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Articles 31 and 37 — Diplomatic immunity — Exceptions to diplomatic immunity — Whether to read in exception to diplomatic immunity to protect children at riskRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Human Rights Act 1998 — Whether Vienna Convention could be read to include exception to diplomatic immunity to protect children at risk — Role of Parliament — Whether proposed exception violating plain and natural meaning of Vienna Convention — Reciprocity — Principle of diplomatic immunity — The law of England

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"Montuya v. Chedid and Another." International Law Reports 180 (2019): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108562454.022.

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Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servant employed at residence of diplomatic agent — Certification of diplomatic status — Whether employment of domestic servant a commercial activity — Whether outside diplomat’s official function — Immunity limited to acts performed in exercise of official functions — Whether Court lacking jurisdictionTreaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Commercial activity exception — Scope — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and related case law relevant in determining scope of exceptionRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Diplomatic Relations Act — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and related case law relevant in interpreting Vienna Convention — Balancing rights of individual against benefits of diplomatic immunity — Policy decision — Whether appropriate for courts to intervene — Whether Court having jurisdiction over complaintsComity — Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic immunity enhancing relations among nations — Balancing rights of individual against benefits of diplomatic immunity — Policy decision — Whether appropriate for courts to intervene — Whether Court having jurisdiction — The law of the United States

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"Gonzalez Paredes v. Vila and Nielsen." International Law Reports 180 (2019): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108562454.019.

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Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servant against former employers — Certification of diplomatic status of former employers — Exceptions to immunity — Whether employment of domestic servant a commercial activity — Weight to be given to Statement of Interest filed by United States — Whether pursuit of academic studies a professional activity under Vienna Convention — Whether fraud recognized as an exception in Vienna Convention — Whether Court lacking jurisdiction — Whether defendants enjoying diplomatic immunityTreaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Intent of signatories — Ordinary meaning of terms in light of object and purpose — Liberal construction — Recourse to history, negotiations and practical construction adopted by parties if meaning unclear — Whether exceptions in Vienna Convention applicable — Whether defendants enjoying diplomatic immunityComity — Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic immunity enhancing relations among nations — Balancing rights of individual against benefits of diplomatic immunity — Policy decision — Whether appropriate for courts to intervene — Whether Court having jurisdiction — The law of the United States

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"Sabbithi and Others v. Al Saleh and Another." International Law Reports 180 (2019): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108562454.021.

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Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servants against former employers — Certification of diplomatic status of former employers — Exceptions to immunity — Whether employment of domestic servants a commercial activity — Weight to be given to Statement of Interest filed by United States — Whether plaintiffs’ constitutional slavery claim giving way to diplomatic immunity — Whether defendants’ conduct constituting human trafficking — Whether jus cogens exception to diplomatic immunity — Whether Vienna Convention being overridden by statute — Diplomatic agent leaving post — Residual immunity under Article 39 — Immunity limited to acts performed in exercise of official functions — Whether Court lacking jurisdiction — Whether defendants enjoying diplomatic immunityHuman rights — Prohibition of slavery in United States Constitution — Whether conduct constituting trafficking in human beings — Whether constitutional claim giving way to diplomatic immunity — Whether jus cogens exception to diplomatic immunity — Whether Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 overriding Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Whether defendants enjoying diplomatic immunityRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — United States Constitution — Whether constitutional claim giving way to diplomatic immunity — Whether jus cogens exception to diplomatic immunity — Whether Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 overriding Vienna Convention — Whether Court having jurisdiction — The law of the United States

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"Reyes v. Al-Malki and Another." International Law Reports 180 (2019): 535–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108562454.017.

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Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Object and purpose — Action by domestic servant employed at residence of diplomatic agent — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Article 31(1) — Whether employment of domestic servant a commercial activity — Relationship between Articles 31(1)(c) and 42 — Domestic servant a victim of trafficking — Diplomatic agent leaving position before hearing — Residual immunity under Article 39 — Immunity limited to acts performed in the exercise of official functionsHuman rights — Prohibition of slavery — Trafficking in human beings — European Convention on Human Rights, Article 4 — United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, 2000 (“the Palermo Protocol”) — Whether a norm of jus cogens — Whether overriding diplomatic immunity — Whether provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 to be read in light of the Palermo ProtocolTreaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Articles 31 to 33 — Application to Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Text — Object and purpose — Travaux préparatoires — The law of the United Kingdom

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"Immunities and Criminal Proceedings; (Equatorial Guinea v. France)." International Law Reports 191 (2021): 219–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilr.2020.5.

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International Court of Justice — Provisional measures — Diplomatic relations — Immunity of State officials and State property — Prima facie jurisdiction — United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 (“Palermo Convention”) — Optional Protocol to Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 1961 — Plausibility — Article 22 of Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Inviolability of diplomatic premises — Whether building located at 42 Avenue Foch could plausibly be regarded as housing diplomatic mission of Equatorial Guinea — Irreparable prejudice — Urgency — Link between provisional measures requested and rights sought to be protected International Court of Justice — Jurisdiction — Palermo Convention — Whether references to customary international law incorporate those rules of customary law into the Convention — Sovereign equality of States — Whether dispute regarding alleged breach of customary law principle within jurisdiction of the Court under the Palermo Convention — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, Optional Protocol — Dispute regarding status of buildings claimed as premises of diplomatic mission International Court of Justice — Admissibility — Abuse of process — Abuse of rights — Whether reasons not to exercise jurisdiction under Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations — Matter for preliminary objections — Whether exceptional circumstances existing — Whether Application inadmissible on that basis — Abuse of rights — Whether ground of inadmissibility when establishment of rights claimed properly a matter for merits Treaties — Palermo Convention — Subject matter of dispute — Procedural preconditions to Court’s jurisdiction under Article 35(2) of Palermo Convention — Scope of jurisdiction ratione materiae under Palermo Convention — Article 4 of Palermo Convention — Incorporation of customary rules of international law on State immunity by reference to principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity and non-intervention in internal affairs of other States — Alleged overextension of jurisdiction by France in implementing provisions of Palermo Convention 220Diplomatic relations — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Optional Protocol to Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, 1961 — Subject matter of dispute — Procedural preconditions to Court’s jurisdiction under Articles II and III of Optional Protocol — Meaning of “premises of the mission” under Article 1(i) of Vienna Convention — Whether definition of “premises of the mission” falling within scope ratione materiae of Vienna Convention — Whether a dispute concerning inviolability of the building at 42 Avenue Foch State immunity — Jurisdictional immunity — Head of State immunity — Vice-President of State accused of misappropriation of funds and money laundering by authorities of another State — Whether entitled to immunity — Basis for any claim to immunity — Customary international law — Whether incorporated into Palermo Convention

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Hind Abdul Amir Aloush. "Immunities of diplomatic means of communication and liability for misuse: حصانات وسائل الاتصال الدبلوماسي والمسؤولية الناجمة عن اساءة استخدامها." Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing 3, no. 3 (June 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.h240517.

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The importance of this research is that it concerns the various diplomatic connections (classical and modern) also include the immunities and privileges that diplomatic missions have in regard to the mechanisms of their transmissions, travels, bags, and documents. Whereas, the concern of this study is to give answers of questions regarding the extent of rights that the diplomatic missions have through using modern and diplomatic mechanisms such as (Internet and satellites) that because Vienna convention has not answered this question, also those mechanisms were not using at the time of preparing Vienna convention for diplomatic relations on 1961. At the same time, the receiver states for a mission who violate their commitments under articles (22 and 29) in Vienna convention 1961, they will be inquired and liable for all damages to the state that sent the mission. This is applicable to the mission itself too where it abuses one of the connection mechanisms and makes a damage whether it is a material or ethical damage or whether the damage is direct or indirect. Those all require an absolute agreement in international actions.

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"Fun v. Pulgar and Albergrin." International Law Reports 180 (2019): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108562454.023.

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Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servant alleging that she had been trafficked and forced to work by former employers — Certification of diplomatic status of former employers — Whether diplomatic immunity continuing despite subsequent termination of diplomatic status — Whether commercial activity exception applicable to hiring of domestic servant — Whether subsequent attempts at service defective — Whether Court lacking jurisdiction — The law of the United States

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UGWU, Joshua Chinedu. "Diplomatic Relations in International Law and Some Relevant Provisions of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3605430.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961)'

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