Journal articles: 'Vietnam History Nguyen dynasty'

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Hanh, Nguyen Thi My. "The anti-piracy activities of the Nguyen Dynasty in the South China Sea, 1802–1858." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 50–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418824965.

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Following the traditions of the preceding feudal dynasties, efforts were made by the Nguyen Dynasty (Vietnam) to prevent piracy and ensure security and marine safety in the South China Sea during the first half of the nineteenth century. The Nguyen Dynasty directed its energies towards national interests and showed an elevated level of international awareness and responsibility, especially at the beginning of the successful cooperation with Qing Dynasty (China) to resolve this widespread problem. This article examines the attempt of the Nguyen Dynasty to suppress the raiding and looting of pirates in the South China Sea, and its important achievements in this difficult and dangerous work. Addressing this non-traditional security problem also helped confirm the Nguyen Dynasty’s possession of islands within the South China Sea, including the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands.

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Quyet, Luu Van. "The use local people as officials of Southern Administrations in the early period of Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1832)." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 5, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v5i1.644.

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Southern Vietnam is the central region of the Nguyen Dynasty. It occupies an important position in national defense and foreign affairs. The region has had the huge economic potential and can create a breakthrough for Vietnam's economic development up to now. However, due to the historical conditions and geographical location, political upheaval was tremendously popular during the period of the Nguyen Lords and early Nguyen Dynasty. Besides, the economic factors of international trade and the development of commodity production (specific social foundations) were high above the national standard. As a result, the central government had to use a special method of selecting and using local officials/mandarins. The officials selected must have been good in ``handling the statecraft'', who could understand and have/had a process of living and working in the South. As two eminent political kings, Gia Long and Minh Mang applied flexible measures, not taking the aristocratic nature of candidates very seriously. Both kings completely removed the ``hereditary'' regime, not following the Confucian model as in the North and the Central regions in selecting and using mandarins in the local government apparatus. This policy helped the Nguyen Dynasty build a dedicated, competent service bureau in the region. The policy is an exception in the history of recruiting mandarins under the Confucian perspective in the country/Vietnam, and to a certain extent, it has successfully promoted local socio-economic development. This paper aims to argue that it is difficult to apply a unified but rigid policy in Vietnam on issues related to the locality and that Southern Vietnam always demands more special attention in state policies.

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Nguyen, Nha. "The Vietnam sovereignty on Truong Sa (Spratly islands) and Hoang Sa ( Paracel islands) through analysis of related documents in English." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i1.1246.

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A 500-pages collection of documents in English showing the sovereignty of Vietnam on Hoang Sa (Paracel islands) & Truong Sa (Spratly islands) was introduced at Harvard University on 16/6/2012 after having been sent to the U.S. National Geographic Society and two Senators John McCain and Jim Webb office and the The Center For Strategic & Internatinonal Studies in 2011. This document is being proofread and completed in English in order to bring to overseas libraries especially in the United States at the addresses where the documents used to be distributed by the U.S. Army in the Pacific in 1960s over the sovereignty of Vietnam on disputing territory. It has 11 pages of summary and the full text is nearly 500 pages, including Part I that consists of textual analysis in the sovereignty dispute over the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa by U.S. Army in the Pacific in 1960. The 37 quotations from geography books , Journey of the Western countries from the 19th century and before had clearly stated from 1816 Hoang Sa has belonged to Vietnam. Part II consists of three presentations at the conferences in Hanoi and Philadelphia, USA in 2010. Part III includes the full text of a history dissertation entitled “Establishment of Vietnam’s sovereignty on Hoang Sa and Truong Sa” and the annexes of the thesis updated by the author. There are no other countries like Vietnam where the official history, codified policy books, geography books of Vietnam especial texts of the state, the local commanding sheets, clearly state the establishment of Vietnam’s sovereignty on Hoang Sa and Truong Sa. The most valuable document is the codified policy book of Nguyen dynasty (the nineteenth century reports from high-ranked officers of the Government, and other agencies or the king announcement about the establishment of Vietnam's sovereignty over Hoang Sa archipelago under the Nguyen Dynasty as the current expedition, measuring, sketching Hoang Sa, plug milestone...

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Lan, Pham Thi. "role of confucianism in sociopolitics of the Nguyen dynasty in the first half of the 19th century." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (December 16, 2021): 2403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.2003.

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The research focuses on how the Nguyen dynasty it became the first to have the largest territory in the history of Vietnam in its nearly 60 years of establishing and reigning over the unified country in the first half of the 19th century. It is seen that in terms of organizing the state apparatus, Gia Long and Minh Mang retained the system of agencies of the previous dynasties and continued reforms to ensure socio-political stability in their governance at that time. The study also clarifies the social role of Confucianism in the Nguyen dynasty, i.e. in the first half of the 19th century, which, in our opinion, is theoretically and practically significant, with the hope of further unraveling the role of Confucianism in that period.

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Pham, Manh Duc, and Chien Ngoc Do. "Memorial Tombs – special cultural heritage in the context of compound burials of Nguyen Dynasty aristocracy in Southern parts of Vietnam in Medieval and Post-Medieval Times  Pham Duc Manh." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i1.1045.

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This paper introduces Memorial Tombs in the context of memorial compound tomb types for the aristocrat of the Nguyen Dynasty (1802- 1945) in Southern Vietnam in The Medieval and Post-Medieval Time. This type was of rare tangible and intangible cultural heritage at the time (1.5%). These heritage assets are very valuable because they are associated with historical figures – “state founders, meritorious officials” in country expansion time “The Great South Unification (Dai Nam Nhat thong)”. In addition to the typical complex of mausoleums in Southern Vietnam (Nguyen Huu Canh, 1650-1700; Le Van Duyet, 1763-1832; Le Van Phong, Truong Tan Buu, 1752-1827 or Tran Van Hoc, Phan Tan Huynh, Huynh Van Tu, and "Sir Nhieu Loc"), the authors studied Vo Tanh mausoleum at both Hoang De (emperor) and Gia Dinh (emperor) citadels, and the mausoleum of his warmates related to the last and biggest-scaled sea fight between the Nguyen dynasty’s army and the Tay Son insurgent army on Thi Nai lagoon in 1801 (Vo Di Nguy, 1745-1801; Ngo Tung Chau; Thu Ngoc Hau, etc.). In our opinion, the presence of memorial tomb types of Vo Tanh and his warmates – historic-cultural-artistic heritage sites of national/provincial levels in Southern Vietnam relating the honoring of heroes who “wholeheartedly served the King, defended the country, saved the people” in the history of country expansion “Towards the South” in medieval and post-medieval times. They contribute to the moulding of prominent features of the comtemporary Southerners’ personality. Those historical stories of the Southern heroes are preserved and worshipped by their descendants bearing in mind the Vietnamese way of life “praising the bridge carrying one over” and pay homage to ancestors for their nation-building service.

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Ngo, Le Van. "ABOUT THE LINK OF ORIGINS BETWEEN THE INHABITANTS IN THE SOUTH IN ANCIENT TIMES AND SOME ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i4.1831.

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The South of Vietnam is an area of plains; however, it has special features not only in Vietnam, but also world-wide as it is the place where a lot of ethnic groups live, leading to multireligion and multi-culture. The history of formation and development of the land is closely associated with the process of reclaiming virgin soil, building up villages, expanding the territory to establish, to enforce and to defend sovereignty of communities whose dominating role lies in the Viet’s hands. Due to the South’s special characteristics and big significance to the country development, there have been a lot of researches to affirm the cultural values of the communities living in the land, contributing to the enrichment of the Vietnamese culture. On the other hand, there are also researches on a bigger scale which cover the whole region revealing a lot of evidences from the first inhabitants as well as their cultures. These inhabitants, as far as anthropological type and culture are concerned, are close to the ethnic groups of the Malayo-Polynesian language family. The expansion of territory, establisment as well as enforcement and protection of sovereignty of the Nguyen Loads and Nguyen Dynasty received positive and effective contribution from inhabitants of different ethnic groups out of whom the Viet played the dominating role. The paper, based on the materials and my knowledge, presents the link of origins between the inhabitants in the South in ancient times and some ethnic groups in the Central highlands in order to clarify the formation process of the Southern communities.

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Van, Vu Hong, and Pham Van Luong. "Study of the Laws under the Feudal Dynasties of Vietnam." Addaiyan Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.1.7.4.

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After the establishment of the Dynasty, along with the establishment of national sovereignty, development of socio-cultural economy of the country, the Lý kings, firstly Lý Thái Tổ who focused on revival and development of ancient Vietnamese culture to a new level, with new nuances. As the first Dynasty of the period of independence and autonomy, the LýDynasty acted as the first Dynasty to open, establish and create the basic money for the development of the following dynasties at all and aspects of culture such as religious activities, beliefs, literature - arts, folk festivals ... In particular, it was noticeable as the first marks in the reception of Confucian ideology of the Lý Dynasty. Starting from there, the monarchy and feudal states in Vietnam were aware of the role of law and cared about and invested in the enactment of the law. The Vietnamese legal system in this period consisted of general laws and other legal documents such as Chiếu, Chỉ, Lệ, Lệnh, Dụ, Sắc ... In which, the laws- Hình Thư (Lý Dynasty), Quốc Triều Hình Luật (called Hình Luật - Trần Dynasty), Quốc Triều Hình Luật(called the Hồng Đức law– Hậu Lê Dynasty), and the Hoàng Việt Luật Lệ(called the Gia Long law - Nguyễn Dynasty) were ancient codes the most typical was built and issued in Vietnamese history (from the 11th century to the 19th century).The main and throughout ideology in the Laws is expressed in two main contents- first, the concept of the people and the role of the people; secondly, virtue of the king, virtue of the people, king- functionary, king-people and king-functionary relationship. These ideologies, to a certain extent, have influenced the Chinese Confucianist conception of water governance and determined the social relationships that everyone must follow. However, those laws have been developed and regulated by the conditions of Vietnamese society, by the requirements and practical tasks set for the feudal class, for the Vietnamese people... Because, that thought went beyond the classic books of the Confucian sages; contribute to meeting the requirements and tasks of defending and building the country, in line with the development trend of Vietnamese society in the feudal period. It has undeniable positive values.

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Truong, Le Quang. "Vuong Huu Quang and his poems inspired on the ambassador trip to China." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 4 (December 6, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.599.

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Vuong Huu Quang 王有光, with courtesy name Dung Hoi用晦 and poetic name Te Trai 濟齋, was a high-ranked mandarin of the Nguyen Dynasty. He was born in Tan Duc Village, Tan Long District, Phien An Town, Gia Dinh Province, Southern Vietnam, into a family of the Ming-Dynasty immigrants who originated from CangZhou County, Fujian Province. Vuong Huu Quang held many important positions in the imperial court across various localities and traveled to China for diplomatic mission twice in the fifth year of Thieu Tri Emperor (1845) and from the seventh year of Thieu Tri (1847) to the first year of Tu Duc Emperor (1848). His name, however, is unfamiliar to Vietnamese modern readers due to his limited written legacy, most of which was lost in history. Researchers have known of only two steles poems he left in China, one engraved on a stele in Wuxi and the other in the Yue Fei Temple. Upon reading the old collection Viet Nam Han van Yen hanh van hien tap thanh 越南漢文燕行文獻集成, I discovered that Vuong Huu Quang and his co-worker Pham Chi Huong enjoyed writing and responding in poetic form during their diplomatic trips to China. This article introduces several more poems of Vuong Huu Quang to expand our understanding of another Southern Vietnamese poet who have been mostly covered by time, and provides a brief analysis on the poetic style that Vuong Huu Quang and Pham Chi Huong applied in portraying historical figures.

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9

Taylor, K. W. "The Literati Revival in Seventeenth-century Vietnam." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 18, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001223.

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Modern Vietnamese history is generally considered to begin with the seventeenth century. The final destruction of the Cham kingdom and the concurrent territorial expansion presided over by the Nguyễn lords of Hue increased the visibility of the Vietnamese people along the South China Sea and attracted the attention of refugees, merchants, and missionaries from China, Japan, and Europe. These foreign contacts were symptomatic of basic changes occurring in Vietnam; they were not the cause. From the decline of the Lê dynasty early in the sixteenth century, political life was dominated by militarized family alliances. By the second quarter of the seventeenth century, the two most successful families in the competition for power were locked in a grim testing of wills. Mutually aggressive policies remained inconclusive after half a century of warfare, however, and were eventually abandoned by both parties. This resulted from the rise of new interests tied to the internal social, political, and economic conditions of Vietnam. The rise of these new interests was the most significant development in the seventeenth century.

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Kelley, Liam C. "Jacob Ramsay . Mandarins and Martyrs: The Church and the Nguyen Dynasty in Early Nineteenth‐Century Vietnam . Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press . 2008 . Pp. x, 212. $50.00." American Historical Review 114, no. 4 (October 2009): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.4.1054.

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Michaud, Jean. "Mandarins and Martyrs: The Church and the Nguyen Dynasty in Early Nineteenth-Century Vietnam. By Jacob Ramsay. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2008. xii + 213pp. $50.00 cloth." Church History 78, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640709000742.

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Pham, Manh Duc, and Thang Chien Nguyen. "The compound tombs at Cho Lach (Ben Tre)." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i2.1325.

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Between April & May 2014, the Department of Archaeology (Faculty of History, University of Social Sciences and Humanities - Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City) and the Department of Culture - Sports and Tourism of Ben Tre Province conducted an excavation of the compound tomb at Chợ Lách town (Chợ Lách district, Bến Tre Province). The main results are as follows: Archaeologists detected two raising architectures on brick ground like the architectural model of mausoleum, in which the big Mausoleum lies approximately directed southward, offset 3° east, including a stele house and a burial house in scale of 300cm in width, 240cm in length and 185- 205cm in height designed for 2-adult burial (normally a married couple often found in Nam Bộ Tombs). Two graves are of rectangular form because only soil walls surrounded the graves. They are submerged in water in the depth of 70-275cm, decomposed, containing just a piece of the adult skull, 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. The small architectural mausoleum with stele and burial houses was opened heading straight West and with the scale of 140cm in length, 65cm in width and 95cm in height. The rectangular burial pit, with the dimension of length 130cm, width 60cm, depth 70cm, not flooded, so the wooden coffin covered by sarcophagus with iron nails is preserved. There are remains of a lying face-up child, spreading legs, wearing 2 bronze buttons. The baby was about 2-4 years old with the height of 100-110cm. From the results of forensic examination and comparative research into the tomb structure scale and the artifact collected from the excavated pit, the authors state that: The tomb monuments in Cho Lach belong to the styles of stele and burial house for aristocratic title, to the Nguyen Dynasty in two centuries 18th and 19th, with structure building material, brick grounds, steel frames, wooden coffins with iron nails, spherical virtual buttons, ceramic fragments etc. For the first time in Vietnam, tomb monuments contained such specific characteristics as 5 very small bronze balls and plant traces (as coconut fiber and fruit (Mangrove palm), Bần rind (Sonneratia) and Ráng leaves (Acrosticlum aureum Linn), pottery and ceramic pieces etc. Especially the first time in Vietnam, archaeologists find 2 aristocratic mausoleums sitting next to each other, perhaps belonging to the same family, in which the parents were lying in big burial pits and their child (ageing from 2 to 4 only) was lying in a small burial pit, but a majestic stele house of this model has still been built from the Medieval & Post-Medieval Ages.

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Duong Thanh, Mung. "FROM THE INVASION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DA NANG CONCESSION BY THE FRENCH COLONIALISTS (1858 - 1888)." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v11i2.1043.

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The research was conducted based on original documents, such as letters, archives, and monographs from the French-Spanish alliance invaded Vietnam until the signing of the agreement dated October 1, 1888. The results show that, from 1858, with the plot to annex and establish a colony in Vietnam, the French colonialists allied with Spain to attack Da Nang. After defending the Nguyen dynasty, the French colonialists quickly planned and setted up concessions in the Tonkin and Central of Vietnam. Da Nang from a provincial administrative unit under the Nguyen dynasty became a concession area with its own legal, administrative and regulatory system of the French colonial government. Based on the research results, the article will contribute to clarifying the difficulties and challenges of the French colonialists in the early invasion of Vietnam. In addition the article will point out the French colonialists' attempts to force the Nguyen dynasty to sign treaties to turn Da Nang into a concessions area.

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Trường, Lê Quang. "CẢM THỨC CỦA NGUYỄN DU VỀ TRUNG QUỐC THANH TRIỀU TRONG BẮC HÀNH TẠP LỤC." Dalat University Journal of Science 11, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37569/dalatuniversity.11.2.839(2021).

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Nguyen Du (1765-1820), with courtesy name To Nhu, poetic name Thanh Hien, and other pseudonym Hong Son Liep Ho, was born into the noble Nguyen clan of Tien Dien village in central Vietnam. Many of his family members served in high positions in the imperial mandarin system of the Le-Trinh dynasty. Inheriting honors from his father, Nguyen Du was bestowed the titles: Hoang Tin Great Man, Guard Commandant of Origin, and Thu Nhac Count. Therefore, deep within his conscience, Nguyen Du always felt indebted to the Le dynasty. However, the rapid replacement of the Le-Trinh by the Tay Son and then by the Nguyen dynasty during the chaotic years of the eighteen century seriously challenged his beliefs and emotions, pushing him into a reclusive lifestyle during his reluctant service to the Nguyen dynasty. In the 12th year of Gia Long (1813), Nguyen Du was appointed the mission leader on a yearly tribute trip to China, during which he wrote a collection of poetry titled “Bac hanh tap luc” (Trivial Notes on the Northward Trip). His “trivial notes” revealed his complicated thinking and feelings about the Chinese landscape, people and culture under the rule of the Jiaqing emperor. This article analyzes Nguyen Du’s rational and emotional perceptions of China, especially Chinese culture as implied in “Bac hanh tap luc”, to better understand a case of direct interaction of a Vietnamese Confucian scholar with imperial China.

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QUYNH, NGUYEN THE, TRUONG THI AN, TRAN DUC THIEP, NGUYEN DINH CHIEN, DAO TRAN CAO, and NGUYEN QUANG LIEM. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE." Communications in Physics 14, no. 1 (April 16, 2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/19.

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The results on elemental analysis of the vietnamese ancient bronze coins during the time of the Nguyen dynasty (19th century) are presented. The samples were provided by the Vietnam National Historical Museum and the elemental analysis was performed on the home-made model EDS-XT-99-01 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the Institute of Materials Science, NCST of Vietnam. The samples exited simultaneously by radioisotope source and X-ray tube. The analytical results show the similarity in the elemental composition of the coins issued by different kings of the Nguyen dynasty, but there is the difference in the concentration of the used elements. Another interesting point is that all the coins have zinc (Zn) in their composition, which shows clearly the influence of the occidental metallurgical technology on the money-making technique in Vietnam during the 19th century.

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QUYNH, NGUYEN THE, TRUONG THI AN, TRAN DUC THIEP, NGUYEN DINH CHIEN, DAO TRAN CAO, and NGUYEN QUANG LIEM. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE." Communications in Physics 14, no. 1 (April 16, 2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/14/1/19.

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The results on elemental analysis of the vietnamese ancient bronze coins during the time of the Nguyen dynasty (19th century) are presented. The samples were provided by the Vietnam National Historical Museum and the elemental analysis was performed on the home-made model EDS-XT-99-01 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the Institute of Materials Science, NCST of Vietnam. The samples exited simultaneously by radioisotope source and X-ray tube. The analytical results show the similarity in the elemental composition of the coins issued by different kings of the Nguyen dynasty, but there is the difference in the concentration of the used elements. Another interesting point is that all the coins have zinc (Zn) in their composition, which shows clearly the influence of the occidental metallurgical technology on the money-making technique in Vietnam during the 19th century.

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Quyet, Luu Van, Vo Van Sen, Nguyen Thi Anh Nguyet, and Vo Phuc Toan. "The Border Protection and Sea Defense in the South Viet Nam of the Nguyen Dynasty in the First Half of the 19th Century." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 4, 2021): 4160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2440.

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From distant past to present day, the Southern region has been playing an important role in national defense and foreign affairs, with great potential to create a breakthrough for the socioeconomic development of Vietnam. However, due to historical conditions and geographical location, political instabilities were frequently seen in the Southern region under the rule of the Nguyen lords and the early Nguyen Dynasty (early 19th century), especially the instability of the relationship between three feudal countries: Dai Viet (Vietnam), Chenla (Cambodia) and Siam (Thailand) from the 17th century to the first half of the 19th century. In its Southern defense strategy to prevent Siamese invasions and maintain its position as the "protector" of Chenla as well as to develop the new land, the Nguyen Dynasty focused on building border defense formation on land and sea in the South, with the defense system on the border area of Chau Doc, Ha Tien and the Southwestern sea in the Gulf of Thailand as the focus. The Nguyen Dynasty's proper implementation of policies in the border and sea areas had brought great effects and contributed to the strong protection of Dai Viet's sovereignty over the Southern land.

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Tran, Mai Thi. "The process of assertion and defense of the sovereignty over the Vietnam’s South West waters during the Nguyen lords and Nguyen dynasty (from the 17th to 19th centuries)." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1404.

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The process of establishment, assertion and defense of the sovereignty over the Vietnam’s South West waters by the Nguyen Lords and Nguyen Royal Dynasty is a long process undergoing many complicated upheavals during the period from the 17th to 19th centuries. Through the consistent, flexible and resolute policies and measures issued by the Nguyen Lords and Nguyen Royal Dynasty, the sovereign power of Vietnam extended over all of the South West waters up to Ha Tien and Ca Mau Cape, including offshore islands in the East Sea and Gulf of Thailand. Besides the Paracel Flotilla guarding the archipelagos in the East Sea, the Nguyen Lords also established the Bac Hai Flotilla (under the command of Paracel Flotilla) with the responsibility to exploit fossils, inspect and control Vietnam’s sovereignty implementation in the areas of “Bac Hai zones, Con Lon island and other islands in Ha Tien”. From the enforcement of Vietnam’s sovereignty and sovereignty rights, the Nguyen Lords turned the South West waters into one of the most critical sites in international exchange which made contribution of vital significance to the construction and protection of national security.

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Nguyen, Minh Trong. "Learning about Nguyen dynasty military in the 1858-1884 period." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i1.554.

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When a country faces invaders, the role of its military forces becomes extremely important as it decides the fate of the country. In the 1858-1884 period, the French invaded Vietnam for the first time. The paper aims to clarify the army Nguyen’s organizational issues, mode of recruitment and training, and combat capability. Thence, the paper will help to explain why the Nguyen army failed to defeat the invasion of the French.

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My Hanh, Nguyen Thi. "Investiture Beseeching in Vietnam – China Diplomatic Relationship in Feudal Age." Asian Culture and History 8, no. 1 (August 11, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v8n1p17.

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Investiture beseeching between Vietnam and China Feudal Dynasties actually started in the 10th Century (Ngo Xuong Ngap Reign), after Vietnam had escaped over 1000 years Northern colony and domination by China Feudal Dynasty, gaining its full independence. This also meant that it was not until China faced military failure and had to return national sovereignty for Vietnam that they conferred kingship for Vietnam. In other words, naturally, Kingship conferring of China for Vietnam firstly confirmed the independence of Vietnam according to the defined rules among China and countries with tribute and consecration relationship. For Vietnam, whose border was adjacent to Great Feudal China and who used to be invaded by China for thousands years, investiture beseeching was always used as a diplomatic way to maintain friendship with this strong neighbor. This investiture beseeching lasted till time of Tu Duc King (Nguyen Dynasty) because Tianjin Agreement in 1885 between France and China permanently ended this mother country – vassal relationship between China and Vietnam.

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Vu, Hong Van. "The influence of taoism on the folk beliefs of the vietnamese." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 4 (December 24, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.64-111099.

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The traditional culture of Vietnam, in addition to typical indigenous folk beliefs, also includes three systems of ideas imported from outside Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. In those three ideological systems, Buddhism and Confucianism are very easy to evaluate and comment on, because the two religions have been used by the feudal Vietnamese dynasties and respect is the national religion; such as Buddhism under the Ly Dynasty and Tran Dynasty; Confucianism under the Le Dynasty and Nguyen Dynasty. Particularly for Taoism, its influence was mainly on the folk, living with the common class in society. To consider correctly, few documents can be as authentic as Confucianism and Buddhism, when the activities of these two religions were well documented. However, the influence of Taoism on Vietnamese culture is undeniable. Based on researching ancient documents, and actual surveys in the provinces and cities of Vietnam, this research focuses on studying the influence of Taoism on the folk beliefs of Vietnamese in 3 beliefs: (1) Belief in worshiping the ancestors; (2) Belief in worshiping the Mother Goddess; (3) Belief in worshiping the village Tutelary god.

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Pham, Kien Thi, and Xuan Bui Dung. "The Philosophy of Nguyen Trai for the advancement of the Concept in Humanity." Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 4 (December 8, 2021): 2453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.20.

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In Vietnam, humanity thought is a national cultural value that is highly appreciated at all times. Typical for the humanistic thought of Vietnam is the philosophy Nguyen Trai’s. To better understand of Nguyen Trai’s thoughts on humans, the article uses a comprehensive method and specific history of dialectical materialism to clarify the humanity content of philosophers around the world. At the same time, the article uses analysis, comparison, and synthesis methods to see the interference of Chinese Confucian thought with the value humanity of Viet Nam inside of humanity Nguyen Trai. From there, the paper draws great ideas of Nguyen Trai clarifies the idea of benevolence with justice, empathy, and understanding of the plight of others. Nguyen Trai humanity thought to help the suffering and unhappiness of others, even those of your enemies. However, in the history of Vietnam and the war situation, Nguyen Trai’s humanity thought has exceptional value. Humanity also means respecting and valuing the good, great, and sacred dignity in every human being. The social wisdom in managing the country is that hate the brutal forces trampling on the right to life, and happiness. That is the value for Vietnam today to build socialism.

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Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen An Son, Masakazu Furuta, and Tamikazu Kume. "Disinfection of Woodblocks of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam by Low-Energy X-rays." RADIOISOTOPES 70, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.70.55.

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Van, Vu Hong, Nguyen Xuan Phong, and Pham Duy Hoang. "The Influence of Confucianism in the Law Code of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 04, no. 05 (May 17, 2020): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2020.v04i05.003.

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Tran Thi Thai, Ha. "Confucian education in The Tran dynasty (13th century - 14th century)." Journal of Science Social Science 67, no. 1 (February 2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2022-0012.

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The education and elective department of Confucianism in medieval Vietnam were important measures to recruit talent for the government and also to maintain the influence of Confucianism in society. The Tran dynasty (1226-1400) continued to develop Confucian education and elective department as a way to govern the country. Confucian education during the Tran period has not actually developed in comparison to the period from the late XV, but through Tran's establishment of examination regulations, reorganization of the school system, organize translation sessions of Confucian scriptures... A solid foundation has been laid for the continued completion of the education and election of the Le and Nguyen dynasties. The article mainly uses historical methods, analyzes and compares historical data from ancient Vietnamese bibliographic sources to clarify the contents of Confucian education in the Tran Dynasty. The results of this research bring new perceptions on Confucian education, about the parallel relationship between the development of Confucianism and Confucian education in Vietnam in the 13th-XIV centuries as well as the efforts of the Tran Dynasty in the process of building and consolidating the unified centralized monarchy political institution.

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Goscha, Christopher. "'The Modern Barbarian': Nguyen Van Vinh and the Complexity Of Colonial Modernity in Vietnam." European Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 1 (2004): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570061033004758.

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Abstract This article studies the life and socio-cultural works of Nguyen Van Vinh in order to understand better the complexity of 'colonial modernity' in Vietnam. Vinh saw in an alliance with colonial France the chance to modernise Vietnam in Western ways. Thanks to his translations and his essays on Vietnamese society and culture, he helped open the way to a larger cultural revolution in the 1930s. It was a way of dealing with the humiliation of colonial domination and a way of putting Vietnam back on a civilisational par with the rest of the 'modern' world. At the same time, Nguyen Van Vinh served as a powerful propaganda tool for the colonial state in its attempts to cut off Vietnam from her Asian context and ally her closely with colonial France through the Vietnamese language. Indeed, Nguyen Van Vinh provides a revealing example of the colonial origins of the Francophonie policy in Vietnam that began long before French decolonisation.

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Tran, Thuan, and Toan Phuc Vo. "The relationship between Le Van Duyet and Minh Mang in the first 30 years of the power concentration process in the Nguyen Dynasty." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.745.

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Upon founding the dynasty, Gia Long upheld a politico-military on a vast territory with two administrative units of power ruling over the two areas now named the North and South of Vietnam respectively. Gia Dinh Citadel – the administrative unit ruling the South of Vietnam with a very important role in economy, national defense, and diplomacy – was headed by Le Van Duyet. In the first 30 years of the Nguyen Dynasty, along with the transfer of power from the Gia Long to the Minh Mang was the position assertion of Le Van Duyet in Gia Dinh Citadel, making him one of the most powerful figures. However, the transfer of the throne also marked the concentration of power into the hands of the central government ruled by the emperor; thus, leading to the elimination of administrative units upholding great power such as Gia Dinh Citadel. This process took place in a quite complex manner due to intrinsic problems revolving around the relationship between Minh Mang and Le Van Duyet – the relationship between a king and a high-ranking mandarin with great power. The paper describes the maneuver of political relations between the two characters in the 30 years of power concentration from a fresher point of view.

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Mark W. McLeod. "Mandarins and Martyrs: The Church and the Nguyen Dynasty in Early Nineteenth-Century Vietnam (review)." Catholic Historical Review 95, no. 3 (2009): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0436.

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Truong, Anh. "Research on Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War (Vietnam) During the 17th and 18th Centuries Through Western Materials." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (September 2022): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.4.3.

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Introduction. The article researches Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War (in Vietnamese history, also known as Dang Trong – Dang Ngoai War or Trinh – Nguyen War) that took place from the early 17th century to the late 18th century in Vietnam. Methods and Materials. When researching this matter, the author used Western materials, including writings, reports, correspondences, diaries, etc., of Western missionaries, merchants, and travellers used to operate in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. The author combines two main research methods of historical science (historical method and logical method) with other research methods (system, analysis, synthesis, comparison, etc.) to clarify the article’s contents. Analysis. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the struggle for political power between two powers: Trinh Lord in Tonkin and Nguyen Lord in Cochinchina, caused Vietnam to undergo a fierce civil war that lasted for more than a century. This civil war was scattered mentioned in Western missionaries, merchants, and travellers’ materials (including writings, reports, correspondences and diaries), operating in Vietnam during this period. The cause of the civil war outbreak, force correlation between two sides, happening of some battles and using foreign resources of Trinh Lord and Nguyen Lord to defeat the enemy, those were the contents recorded by Westerners. Despite not much adequate, researchers also have a basic visualization of Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War’s panorama taking place in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries. Results. Based on researching several contents related to Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War, mentioned in writings, reports, correspondences, and diaries of Westerners present in Vietnam in the 17th and 18th centuries, the author analyzed to draw out the advantages and limitations of these materials. On that basis, the author initially clarifies its value for the research and assessment of Tonkin – Cochinchina Civil War of Vietnamese scholars at present and in the future.

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Woo, Seong-Hoon. "A Study on the Characteristics of the Layout of the Hue, the Capital of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam." Journal of architectural history 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7738/jah.2016.25.1.023.

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Vu, Thi Xuyen. "Nguyen Lords with Trading Activities and International Cultural Exchange in South Vietnam during the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2021.54-87-105.

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The 16th 18th centuries were widely known as a fascinating period of Vietnamese history. It was characterized by the division between North (Đng Ngoi) and South of the country (Đng Trong) and the civil war accordingly between the Trinh Lords and the Nguyen Lords. It also witnessed the most vibrant cultural exchange and integration of feudal states in Vietnamese medieval times. With their well-defined vision and effective maritime trade strategies, the Nguyen Lords have actively promoted cultural and economic exchange in the region and to the world. The seaports along the coast of South Vietnam have become a central gateway for these activities. The current research is an attempt to give a vivid picture of the dynamic trading environment in Thuan Quang the biggest province in this part of the country. A critical reassessment of the Nguyen Lords integration policies will also be presented.

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Vo, Khai Hoang. "THE LEGEND OF THE ANTI-FRENCH HERO NGUYEN TRUNG TRUC IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF RESIDENTS IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 35 (January 8, 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.35.2019.199.

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This paper presents the legend of the hero Nguyen Trung Truc in the life of Southern residents. The results showed that the hero Nguyen Trung Truc had left a deep impression in the hearts of the people. People have worshiped and created many fantastic, strange stories about his life and career which associated with the painful and proud history period of the nation. Those are the legends about the youth, the glorious feats of arms, the death and the reincarnation of the national hero.

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Doai, Nguyen Duy. "The Ca Ong (Whale) belief followed by the inhabitants of the Ly Son island District – Quang Ngai." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1i4.462.

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The Ca Ong (whale) belief is one of the folk beliefs in Vietnam. The Ca Ong belief followed by the inhabitants of the Ly Son island district not only reflects their spiritual needs, but also educates people in the value of gratefulness. Thus, at the temple, the practitioners of the Ca Ong belief often hang many horizontal lacquered boards (hoành phi) with parallel sentences in the main hall, with the purpose of explicating the aforementioned values. This belief also reflects the aspirations of the island inhabitants, who wish to have their lives blessed with happiness by the god. Particularly, this paper explores the divergence of the Ca Ong belief that can be found in this island. Namely, this belief is not only worshipped at the temple by the community, but also privately within the Dang family, where they worship Ca Ong as a god. This is something never happening in other regions such as the South Central coast or the South of Vietnam. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the change of the title system within this belief. Whereas titles were previously bestowed by the Nguyen dynasty, family titles in the Ly Son Island are bestowed by the Shaman.

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Tana, Li. "An Alternative Vietnam? The Nguyen Kingdom in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (March 1998): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400021500.

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The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Nguyen kingdom was known as Dang Trong to Vietnamese, and Cochinchina by the Westerners. In just 200 years it won control over three-fifths of the territory in modern Vietnam. The experiences of this expanding southern frontier area seem to suggest an image of Vietnam that is very different from the north, opening a door to an alternative world in which diversity was tolerated, and indeed exploited, for Vietnam's own development.

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McLeod, Mark W. "Nguyen Truong To: A Catholic Reformer at Emperor Tu-duc's Court." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (September 1994): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400013527.

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This paper analyses the thought of Vietnamese reformer Nguyen Truong To as he formulated his unique response to the nineteenth-century French aggressions against Vietnam. It intends to show that he was a sincere and patriotic reformer whose reform proposals presented a greater challenge to the Confucian monarchical system than is generally recognized.

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Raynor, Sharon D. "South Vietnamese Soldiers: Memories of the Vietnam War and After. By Nathalie Huynh Chau Nguyen." Oral History Review 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohy081.

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Goscha, Christopher E. "« Le barbare moderne » : Nguyen Van Vinh et la complexité de la modernisation coloniale au Vietnam." Outre-mers 88, no. 332 (2001): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/outre.2001.3899.

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Phuong, Nguyen Duy. "MARITIME SECURITY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA: PIRATES AND ANTI-PIRACY MEASURES IN CENTRAL VIETNAM UNDER THE NGUYEN DYNASTY (1802 – 1885)." Asian and African Studies 31, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/aassav.2022.31.2.04.

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Bodemer, Margaret B. "Review: Nothing Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War by Viet Thanh Nguyen." Public Historian 39, no. 3 (August 1, 2017): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2017.39.3.139.

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Cooke, Nola. "The Composition of the Nineteenth-Century Political Elite of Pre-Colonial Nguyen Vietnam (1802–1883)." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 4 (October 1995): 741–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016164.

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Until 1971, when Alexander Woodside published his ground- breaking study, Vietnam and the Chinese Model, western scholarship on late traditional Vietnam was still locked within the narrow confines of French colonial understanding. Woodside's work, which drew extensively on Vietnamese historical sources, became an instant classic. So thoroughly did it dominate the field that two decades later it remains today the sole detailed discussion in English of the first half of the nineteenth century. Such is its stature that no-one has ever seriously questioned its findings, or challenged the author's vision of early nineteenth-century Vietnam. However, such a critique is long overdue. Despite the breadth of Woodside's scholarship, his conceptual framework assumes a continuity in Vietnamese history, culture, and politics from the Le to the early Nguyen that distorts the historical dynamic of the nineteenth cen tury, as well as contradicting some of his own evidence. His image of the nineteenth-century political elite provides a case in point. Like every scholar before or since, Woodside's conclusions about elite composition are extrapolated from the Sinic structures of its mandarinal organization, buttressed by anecdotal evidence and generalized impressions. But these are poor substitutes for quantification when enough readily-available biographical data exist to profile elite composition statistically. This article presents such an analysis. Its results contradict venerable French colonial views and Woodside's ideas alike; and do so in a way that suggests our present historical understanding of the late pre-colonial Vietnam needs serious revision.

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Wolters, O. W. "On Telling a Story of Vietnam in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26, no. 1 (March 1995): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010481.

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My essay in celebration of the Journal's anniversary sketches what may be the concluding chapter in a study of Vietnam in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries when the Tran dynasty reigned (1226–1400). In 1225 the Tran family overthrew the last emperor of the previous dynasty, the Ly (1009–1225) and hitherto the only long lived one. The Ly imperial line, in fact, lasted nearly fifty years longer than its successor. Nevertheless, the Tran is unquestionably the most renowned of all Vietnamese dynasties on account of its victories when Kubilai Khan's armies attacked three times in the thirteenth century. Yet one has to ask what kind of dynasty it was and how the country it ruled should be defined. Should one look to China, the source of the dynastic institution, for guidance or should one look elsewhere? An event in 1237 suggests ambiguity. That year officials were required to offer betel and tea to the emperor when he was departing from the Eastern Pier near the capital. “Betel and tea” bring Southeast Asia as well as China into the picture.

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Nguyen, Khuyen Huy. "Research on the real author of Ngu che bac tuan thi tap and the value of the Ngu che bac tuan poem collection." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i3.487.

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Researching literature documents and determining the complete ones and the author of the text are the important task of Han Nom studies. When the author and the best text are clearly known, that document values highly. This paper is not beyond our purposes. The issue of the texts of Ngu Che Bac Tuan thi tap has only been up to now made statistics in “the Nguyen Dynasty woodblocks – Section overview”. However, this book argues that this was a work composed by King Minh Menh. Through researching and comparing with official history and other Ngu Che’s texts of King Thieu Tri, there comes the conclusion that it was written by Thieu Tri.

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Jespersen, T. Christopher. "Kissinger, Ford, and Congress: The Very Bitter End in Vietnam." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 439–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.3.439.

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Although not elected to the office, Gerald Ford nonetheless had the opportunity to change the nation's course in Vietnam when he assumed the presidency in August 1974. He did not do so, leaving the burden of ending the war there to the U.S. Congress. Contrary to what some policymakers and historians have subsequently argued, Congress did not sell out a healthy, viable South Vietnamese government to the communists in 1974––1975. Instead, the senators and representatives who voted to reduce, not cut off, military and economic assistance to the government of Nguyen Van Thieu made the correct and proper decision in the face of that regime's obviously untenable nature and the overwhelming desire of the American people to curtail support for it. Rather than working out a plan to end the war and remove those South Vietnamese who had worked with the Americans over the years, the Ford administration, led by the President himself, his Secretary of State and National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, and Graham Martin, the U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam, chose to pursue a deliberate policy of denial, one designed to place the blame for the loss of South Vietnam on the shoulders of Congress. The resulting tragedy left thousands of Vietnamese to face life as the clear losers in a civil war.

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Ngọc, Nguyễn Quang. "HA NOI – HUE – SAI GON IN TERRITORY EXPANSION TOWARD THE SOUTH AND UNIFICATION OF THE COUNTRY (1069–1802)." Hue University Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities 129, no. 6E (October 27, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v129i6e.6058.

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Vietnam is a country of an early history establishment with three archaeological centres: Dong Son in the North, Sa Huynh in the Central, and Oc Eo in the South. In the long history, these three centres unite and gather into a unified block, step by step, becoming a mainstream development trend. By the eleventh century, Thang Long capital (Hanoi) is a typical representative, the starting point for the course of advancement to the South of the Vietnamese. Later, Phu Xuan (Hue) from the fourteenth century and Gia Dinh (Saigon) from the seventeenth century directly multiply resources, deciding the success of the course of territory expansion and determining the southern territory of the nation Dai Viet – Vietnam in the middle of the eighteenth century. The Tay Son movement at the end of the eighteenth century starts unifying the country, but the course is not completed with numerous limitations. The mission of unifying the whole country is assigned back to Nguyen Anh. Nguyen Anh continually builds Gia Dinh into a firm basement for proceeding to conquer the imperial capital of Hue and the citadel Thang Long, completing the 733-year journey to expand the southern territory (1069–1802) and unifying the whole country into a single unit. Hanoi – Hue – Saigon in the relationship and mutual support has become the three pillars that determine all successes throughout the long history and in each stage of expansion and shaping of territory and unification of the country.

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Lee, Steven Hugh. "Lien-Hang T. Nguyen. Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam." American Historical Review 118, no. 5 (November 25, 2013): 1501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/118.5.1501.

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Gordienko, Elena. "Vietnamese Tutelary Spirits (Thành Hoàng): History Of the Cult and its Current State." Человек и культура, no. 5 (May 2022): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8744.2022.5.38950.

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This article discusses the cult of the tutelary spirits (thành hoàng) in Vietnam. These are spirits venerated as patrons of villages, rural communities and urban areas in Vietnam are expected to protect area against calamities, disasters, epidemics, wars, etc. These are mythical, historical and pseudo-historical characters who have merits to the area and its inhabitants. The veneration of them is rooted in the traditional culture. It is an integral part of the Vietnamese folk religion (tín ngưỡng dân gian Việt Nam). The spirits of the area are included in the pantheon of numerous deities and spirits (thần) worshipped by the Vietnamese nowadays despite the anti-religious policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam (in the second half of the 20th century). The article describes reconstruction of the history of the cult and a description of its current state. The milestones of its development are considered: the formation of the cult during the Late Lê dynasty (1428–1788), development trends during the Nguyễn dynasty (1802–1945), which included the period of colonization of Vietnam by the French, the decline of the cult in the second half of the 20th century in socialist Vietnam, the revival of the cult and the entire religious system with the beginning of economic reforms and the democratization of public life in the 1980-90s, and finally, the modern flourishing of the cult and the features of its adaptation to modern conditions. The definition of the historical forms of the cult allows to identify the dynamics in its development and describe the inevitable transformations of the cult in the 21st century, which often are not realized by the bearers of culture, who perceive the cult as an ancient unchanging tradition. The cult has not previously been studied by Soviet and Russian orientalists. I propose the first systematic description of the history of the cult and an assessment of its current state.

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Briain, Lonán Ó. "Vietnam. Television in post-reform Vietnam: Nation, media, market By Giang Nguyen-Thu New York: Routledge, 2019. Pp. 150. Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 3 (September 2019): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000468.

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Nguyen, Thang Tat. "The Co Vang revolt in Giap Tuat year (1874) in Ha Tinh province." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. X3 (December 31, 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1ix3.446.

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On March 15, 1874, the Nguyen Dynasty and the French colonialists signed the Giap Tuat treaty with many heavy provisions. This compromise action of the Hue court brought about strong reactions from the people of the whole country, especially from those in the Tonkin region and Central Vietnam. Many revolts broke out both against the French colonialists and against the feudal court’s compromise and surrender. Through the court’s action of giving some the land to the invader, Nghe Tinh people in general and Ha Tinh in particular realized that since then they could not separate the revolts against the French colonialists from the ones against the imperial court. The inherent class conflict which had been temporarily suppressed flared again. The conflict between the Vietnamese and the French Empire, between classes is the origin of the Co Vang revolt in Giap Tuat Year in Ha Tinh under the leadership of Tran Quang Can. Although lasting only six months, the uprising caused great difficulties for the French colonialists and the compromising feudal court, highlighting the passionate patriotic tradition and Ha Tinh people’s strong spirit of fighting invaders. This was also the first flame just to burst out again 10 years later, strongly and fiercely, in the Can Vuong Movement.

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Nguyen Hong, Linh. "Tang poetry of some poets during their exile in Vietnam." Journal of Science Social Science 67, no. 1 (February 2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1067.2022-0003.

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The Tang Dynasty had a prosperous economy and political stability and good educational policies marking the golden age of Tang Poetry with the greatest number of poets and the most brilliant number of compositions in the history of classical Chinese poetry. As a precious cultural heritage, Tang poetry and the culture of the Tang Dynasty were positively received in Vietnam… Vietnam has been many in-depth research works about regarding the influence and reception of some typical poets of the Tang period, namely DuFu, Li Bai, Bai Ju Yi… Other Tang poets are still faint silhouettes. In the process of studying the history of the propagation and reception of Tang poetry into Vietnam, we have more knowledge about Tang poems composed by poets during their exile in our country. They have an intimate relationship with Vietnamese writers, so they have had the opportunity to disseminate the Tang poetry, and have contributed several poems with the enormous value in content and art at the same time. Within the scope of the article, we focus on introducing and surveying poetry in the exile of two poets of the Early Tang period – namely Du Shen Yan and Shen Quan Qi. The survey of poems written in a special historical period by two poets shows that the beauty and undying vitality of the Tang poetry is also the contribution of poems describing Vietnam’s nature, landscapes, and Vietnamese.

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Hien, Do Thi, and Do Thi Thanh Ha. "ideology of “taking people as the root” of the ly dynasty in Vietnam." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (January 9, 2022): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns4.2093.

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Ideology is always an issue that plays an important role in the life of a society, and that ideology also greatly influences the process of ruling the country of dynasties in the history. Unlike previous dynasties, which lasted only a few decades, the Ly dynasty represents a flourishing period of feudalism lasting more than 200 years. A major event was that King Ly Thanh Tong changed the country name from Dai Co Viet to Dai Viet in 1054, ushering in a brilliant era in Vietnamese history. The ideology of “taking people as the root” of Vietnamese feudal dynasties highlights the unyielding and indomitable fighting spirit for the right to enjoy independence and freedom in the old land of Giao Chi and Cuu Chan, which later was Dai Viet and is now Vietnam. It also reflects the desire for people to live in peace and harmony. This articles focuses on studying the ideology of “taking people as the root” through the reign of kings of the Ly dynasty in Vietnam. From there, the article points out the achievements and limitations in the process of taking care of people, as well as historical lessons for the development of the country today.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vietnam History Nguyen dynasty'

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