Journal articles: 'Vietnam Veterans Against the War'

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Foley, Michael S., and Andrew E. Hunt. "The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans against the War." Journal of American History 87, no. 2 (September 2000): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568912.

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Hall, Mitchell K., and Andrew E. Hunt. "The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans against the War." Michigan Historical Review 27, no. 1 (2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20173915.

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Ells, Mark D. Van, and Andrew E. Hunt. "The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans against the War." Journal of Military History 64, no. 4 (October 2000): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677329.

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Small, Melvin, and Andrew E. Hunt. "The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans against the War." American Historical Review 106, no. 2 (April 2001): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651703.

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Pavlov, Yu A. "THE US ENVIRONMENTAL WAR IN VIETNAM (1961–1975): RESULTS AND LESSONS." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 18, no. 3 (2021): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2021-18-3-89-93.

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In 1961-1975, the government of the United States performs an aggressive environmental war against Vietnam. Herbicides containing dioxins ("Orange agent", etc.) were used. The natural landscape of Vietnam was severely damaged. The flora and fauna of South Vietnam suffered greatly, and in some places were completely destroyed. The victims were many civil inhabitants. War veterans from the United States and Vietnam were injured, became disabled, and acquired chronic diseases. The reckless foreign policy of the United States led to the deterioration of the environmental situation on the Indochina Peninsula for many decades. Even today, the consequences of that war have not been completely overcome.

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Cortright, David. "The Winter Soldiers Movement: GIs and Veterans Against the Vietnam War." Peace & Change 27, no. 1 (January 2002): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0130.00221.

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Sears, Jade. "The Domestic and Geopolitical Ramifications of the Vietnam War on South Korea." General Assembly Review 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/tgar.v2i1.10520.

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The Vietnam War is a widely examined topic in the field of international relations. However, it is often viewed in terms of the strategic triangle between the United States, China, and the Soviet Union, instead of their allies. While the atrocities committed by the United States in the Vietnam War are often condemned and scrutinized in English literature, those of South Korea, their closest ally, remain less so. This essay outlines the South Korean government's political, economic, and ideological reasons for supporting the United States in Vietnam, the positive and negative consequences of this support, and the atrocities Korean troops committed against Vietnamese civilians. It argues that the legacy of the Vietnam War in South Korea is characterized by denial and neglect to this day. This essay finds that denial and neglect were experienced not only in Vietnam, but also in South Korea by veterans and the Korean government.

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Lembcke, Jerry. "Book Review: The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans against the War." Humanity & Society 26, no. 2 (May 2002): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059760202600209.

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Wagner, Sarah. "Homecomings, belonging and the mediating memory work of US Vietnam War remains." Human Remains and Violence 10, no. 1 (April 2024): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.10.1.3.

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A half-century since its conclusion, the Vietnam War’s ‘work of remembrance’ in the United States continues to generate, even innovate, forms of homecoming and claims of belonging among the state, its military and veterans, surviving families and the wider public. Such commemoration often centres on objects that materialise, physically or symbolically, absence and longed-for recovery or reunion – from wartime artefacts-turned-mementos to the identified remains of missing war dead. In exploring the war’s proliferating memory work, this article examines the small-scale but persistent practice of leaving or scattering cremains at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on the National Mall in Washington DC, against the backdrop of the US military’s efforts to account for service members missing in action (MIA). Seen together, the illicit and sanctioned efforts to return remains (or artefacts closely associated with them) to places of social recognition and fellowship shed light on the powerful role the dead have in mediating war’s meaning and the debts it incurs.

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Alzahrani, Sara. "A Hunger Strike to Death: The Politics of Necroresistance in Ron Kovic’s Hurricane Street." International Journal of Literature Studies 3, no. 3 (October 17, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijts.2023.3.3.4.

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Disabled Vietnam veteran activist Ron Kovic second memoir Hurricane Street (2016) has not garnered the same widespread recognition and readership as Born on the Fourth of July (1976) despite addressing a significant event in disabled veterans’ political history—namely, a hunger strike. The uneven popularity between the two memoirs underscores the existing gap between culturally normalized practices of doing politics among the disabled veterans’ community. While disabled veteran activists have a long history of weaponizing their bodies to express antiwar political statements, hunger strikes have not been a commonly utilized tactic in their activism or remain limited to isolated cases, resulting in a scattered and fragmented understanding of this form of protest. The paper aims to clarify the untapped potential of hunger strikes as a means of political expression for disabled veteran activists. Specifically, it aims to investigate the role of the hunger strike in Kovic’s Hurricane Street, exploring its potential and limitations in helping him navigate the complexities of his war disability. Drawing on Banu Bargu’s theories of necroresistance, this paper argues that Kovic’s protest is a life-affirming manifestation of defiance against the state injustice and an awakening of public consciousness. By delving into Kovic’s experiences and the impact of his hunger strike, this study sheds light on the intersection of disability, activism, and personal identity within the veteran community.

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Muzychko, Olexsandr. "Instrumentalization of the image of the Ukrainian Cossacks among the american ukrainian diaspora during the USA anti-communist war in Vietnam in the 1960s - 1970s." Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, no. 17 (December 31, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2022.17.270210.

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The purpose of this article is to study the instrumentalization of the image of the Ukrainian Cossacks among the Ukrainian diaspora of the United States in relation to the events of the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s. Two aspects were the subject of attention: the use of the image of Cossacks in the activities of Ukrainians who fought in the US army and the promotion of this image in the reflection of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora. Consequently, the US war against the communist threat in Vietnam was perceived by the Ukrainian diaspora in the US as a continuation of the age-old struggle against Russia. It is natural that Ukrainians, soldiers of the US army, were perceived in particular as bearers of Cossack traditions. Naturally, the emphasis was placed on the anti-Russian pages of the Cossacks' activities. Modern cosmopolitan historiography often gives the concept of "instrumentation of history" a completely negative connotation. We cannot agree with this. History has always been, is and will be a part of the social and ideological process. The use of the image of Cossacks among Ukrainians in the United States during the Vietnam War had a positive effect on the integration of Ukrainians into the public space of the United States and the actualization of Ukrainian traditions. "Plast" and its magazine "Yunak" became the most important cementing link in the actualization of Cossack traditions. In general, on the example of the war in Vietnam, we can see how modern turning events affect our attitude to assessments of the past. Once slandered by neo-Marxists and other leftists of all shades as "unfair interference in sovereign affairs", now, against the background of Russian aggression, which continues precisely the traditions of the left, Chekist forces, special operations of Lenin-Stalin-Brezhnev, interest in this war is growing precisely as an experience struggle with currently relevant threats, the lost chance to prevent them. Of course, at the same time, there is a reassessment of the participation of ethnic Ukrainians in these events from something shy to heroic, which contains a significant educational potential for modern defenders of Ukraine. This had a positive effect on increasing the self-esteem of the still-living veterans of this war of Ukrainian origin, their due respect, and the involvement of some of them (P. Sodol) as experts in Ukraine's latest anti-Russian war.

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Blocker, Jack S. "The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War, by Andrew E. HuntThe Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War, by Andrew E. Hunt. New York, New York University Press, 1999. xi, 259 pp. $35.00 U.S. (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 36, no. 2 (August 2001): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.36.2.395.

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Lim, Young. "Awakening of Wartime Sexual Assault in Paco's Story by Larry Heinemann." Democracy and Peace Institute, Chosun University 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.55082/jdp.2022.5.2.99.

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The U.S. government has taken the sexual assault of U.S. troops lightly, even though aware of the prevalence during the Vietnam War. Some conscientious veterans admitted and confessed to this fact, but the US media also did not report it much. However, Paco's Story (1986) by Larry Heinemann specifically describes the mass sexual assault of a Vietnamese sniper who killed two US sentry soldiers. The National Book Awards 1987 winning novel confirms the public's consensus on this issue. This paper studies the reality and problems of sexual assault in the U.S. military by analyzing Paco's Story by Larry Heinemann with the main question of whether sexual assault against an enemy can be admitted in a wartime situation. This article starts with introducing the US military sexual violence and media awareness of it at that time and analyzes the novel over the two scenes of sexual intercourse. The writer analyzes the first scene that Paco's squadron raped a Viet Cong female sniper while paying attention to the presence of the men's sexual desire in the criminal act in addition to racism and misogyny. Next, this research goes to the second scene of the imaginary love affair between Paco and Cathy, looking for the answer of what stands for Cathy's existence to Paco. Lastly, this research is expected to contribute to studying wartime sexual assault in other countries including the Vietnam War.

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Hankey, Alex. "CAM and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4, no. 1 (2007): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel041.

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In the form of the Transcendental Meditation program CAM offers a method of eliminating deep-rooted stress, the efficacy of which has been demonstrated in several related studies. Any discussion of CAM and post-traumatic stress disorder should include a study of its application to Vietnam War Veterans in which improvements were observed on all variables, and several participants were able to return to work after several years of being unable to hold a job. The intervention has been studied for its impact on brain and autonomic nervous system function. It has been found to be highly effective against other stress-related conditions such as hypertension, and to improve brain coherence—a measure of effective brain function. It should be considered a possible ‘new and improved mode of treatment’ for PTSD, and further studies of its application made.

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Bullman, Tim A., Fatema Z. Akhtar, Sybil W. Morley, Julie C. Weitlauf, Yasmin S. Cypel, William J. Culpepper, Aaron I. Schneiderman, Peter C. Britton, and Victoria J. Davey. "Suicide Risk Among US Veterans With Military Service During the Vietnam War." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 12 (December 28, 2023): e2347616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.47616.

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ImportanceThere are persistent questions about suicide deaths among US veterans who served in the Vietnam War. It has been believed that Vietnam War veterans may be at an increased risk for suicide.ObjectiveTo determine whether military service in the Vietnam War was associated with an increased risk of suicide, and to enumerate the number of suicides and analyze patterns in suicides among Vietnam War theater veterans compared with the US population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study compiled a roster of all Vietnam War–era veterans and Vietnam War theater veterans who served between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. The 2 cohorts included theater veterans, defined as those who were deployed to the Vietnam War, and nontheater veterans, defined as those who served during the Vietnam War era but were not deployed to the Vietnam War. Mortality in these 2 cohorts was monitored from 1979 (beginning of follow-up) through 2019 (end of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was death by suicide occurring between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2019. Suicide mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) that reflected adjusted associations between suicide risk and theater status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated to compare the number of suicides among theater and nontheater veterans with the expected number of suicides among the US population.ResultsThis study identified 2 465 343 theater veterans (2 450 025 males [99.4%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.8 [6.7] years) and 7 122 976 nontheater veterans (6 874 606 males [96.5%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.3 [8.2] years). There were 22 736 suicides (24.1%) among theater veterans and 71 761 (75.9%) among nontheater veterans. After adjustments for covariates, Vietnam War deployment was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96). There was no increased risk of suicide among either theater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) or nontheater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) veterans compared with the US population.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found no association between Vietnam War–era military service and increased risk of suicide between 1979 and 2019. Nonetheless, the 94 497 suicides among all Vietnam War–era veterans during this period are noteworthy and merit the ongoing attention of health policymakers and mental health professionals.

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Hunter, Michael. "Defining a War: INDOCHINA, THE VIETNAM WAR, AND THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT." Marine Corps History 6, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2020060204.

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Only two weeks after the fall of Saigon in May 1975, Khmer Rouge forces seized the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez (1944) off the Cambodian coast, setting up a Marine rescue and recovery battle on the island of Koh Tang. This battle on 12–15 May 1975 was the final U.S. military episode amid the wider Second Indochina War. The term Vietnam War has impeded a proper understanding of the wider war in the American consciousness, leading many to disassociate the Mayaguez incident from the Vietnam War, though they belong within the same historical frame. This article seeks to provide a heretofore unseen historical argument connecting the Mayaguez incident to the wider war and to demonstrate that Mayaguez and Koh Tang veterans are Vietnam veterans, relying on primary sources from the Ford administration, the papers of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, and interviews with veterans.

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Lee, Wanhyung, Ui-Jin Kim, Seunghon Ham, Won-Jun Choi, Seunghyun Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon, and Seong-Kyu Kang. "Cohort Profile: The Korean Vietnam War Veterans’ Health Study Cohort (KOVECO)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074211.

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During the Vietnam War, many troops and citizen were exposed to large amounts of Agent Orange (AO), and the hazardous effects of AO are continuously being researched and reported. The Korean Vietnam War Veterans’ Health Study Cohort (KOVECO) is a retrospective cohort to demonstrate the health status of the Korean Vietnam War veterans and their second-generation offsprings. The KOVECO is a collaboration of data from the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs and the National Health Insurance Sharing Service from 2002 to 2018. The study participants were all Korean Vietnam War veterans and their second-generation offsprings, and the references were the general population in which gender and region were matched with the participants. As of 2002, 191,272 Vietnam War veterans (1,000,320 comparisons) and 1,963,402 s-generations (1,173,061 references) were included in the cohort. The KOVECO consists of personal information, medical facility visit information, and general health examination information. The KOVECO could act as a health surveillance system, which would be able to detect long-term health effects caused by exposure to AO and provide a direction for policy making through academic research.

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Buckaloo, Derek N. "Wisconsin Vietnam War Stories: Our Veterans Remember." Annals of Iowa 70, no. 2 (April 2011): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1546.

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Knox, Wilma J. "Speculation Contrasting Experiences of World War II and U.S. Servicemen of the Vietnam Era in Southeast Asia." Psychological Reports 73, no. 1 (August 1993): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.137.

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Clinical experience with veterans leads to the speculation that there was deliberate promotion of drug use during the Vietnam War which may account for the markedly greater drug addiction evident in comparing Vietnam and World War II veterans. Returning home within a few days of combat rather than slowly by sea may have removed an opportunity to discuss and reflect on war experiences.

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Griffin, Robert J., and Shaikat Sen. "Causal Communication: Movie Portrayals and Audience Attributions for Vietnam Veterans' Problems." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72, no. 3 (September 1995): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200303.

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This study applies attribution theory to field research into communication and public perceptions of a social group. In particular, audience viewing of various popular Vietnam War films related to attributions audiences made for readjustment problems facing some Vietnam veterans, which in turn related to public opinion about government assistance to Vietnam veterans. Results also suggest that mass media might play a role in the social definition of the meaning of the Vietnam War as the United States comes to closure on that episode in history.

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Lee, Dylan, Soyoung Choun, Maria Kurth, Hyunyup Lee, and Carolyn M. Aldwin. "WAR COHORT DIFFERENCES IN MILITARY SERVICE APPRAISALS AND HOMECOMING EXPERIENCES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2566.

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Abstract Nearly all the research on appraisals of military service and homecoming experiences have been done on World War II veterans. However, Spiro et al. (2016) hypothesized that there were war cohort differences in military experiences that could affect life-long adaptation. For example, Boscarino et al. (2018) found that Vietnam veterans reported less welcoming homecoming experiences than OEF/OIF/OND veterans. We examined war cohort differences among OEF/OIF/OND, Persian Gulf, and Vietnam combat veterans in military service appraisals and homecoming experiences. We used pilot data from Veterans Aging: Longitudinal studies in Oregon (VALOR) from an online survey. The sample included male and female combat veterans (Mage = 58.1, SD = 12.0, range = 35-83, 30.5% female): 39 from the OEF/OIF/OND, 68 from the Persian Gulf War, and 60 from the Vietnam War cohorts. Comparable to earlier studies (e.g., Aldwin et al., 1994), combat veterans were surprisingly much more likely to endorse desirable appraisals than the undesirable ones, with each of the 14 desirable appraisals endorsed by over 90% of the veterans. Fewer endorsed the undesirable experience items; the most common was separation from loved ones and loss of friends. Most also reported positive homecoming experiences. Contrary to expectations, ANOVAs revealed that there were no significant differences in appraisals of desirable and undesirable military service experiences, nor in homecoming experiences among the war cohorts. In this small sample, military experiences were perceived similarly among combat veterans despite differences in wartime experiences. Most felt that positive experiences resulted from their desirable military service.

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Cypel, Yasmin, Paula Schnurr, Robert Bossarte, William Culpepper, Aaron Schneiderman, Fatema Akhtar, Sybil Morley, and Victoria Davey. "The Mental Health of Older Veterans Ages 58-99 Years: 2016-2017 VE-HEROeS Findings." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.551.

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Abstract Mental health and its correlates were examined in U.S. Vietnam War veterans approximately fifty years after the War. The 2016-2017 VE-HEROeS (Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study) was a mail survey of the health of U.S. Vietnam War veterans who served between February 28, 1961 and May 7, 1975 and matched US non-veteran controls. ‘Veteran status’ represented wartime experience for three cohorts: ‘theater’ veterans with service in Vietnam, Cambodia, or Laos, non-theater veterans with service elsewhere, and non-veterans with no military service. Veterans and non-veterans, aged 58-99 years, were randomly selected from a veteran sampling frame (n=9.87 million) derived from the Department of Veterans Affairs’ USVETS dataset and a commercial address database, respectively. Questionnaires were mailed to 42,393 veterans and 6,885 non-veterans; the response rate for veterans was 45% (n=18,866) and 67% (n=4,530) for non-veterans. Weighted bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to examine poor overall mental health, via the SF-8TM Mental Health Component Summary score (MCS), and other mental health measures by veteran status and socioeconomic, health, and other military characteristics. Nearly 50% of all theater veterans reported poor overall mental health (MCS<50). Prevalence of mental health measures was greatest for theater veterans and successively decreased for non-theater veterans and non-veterans. Key correlates significantly (P< 0.02) associated with poor MCS included veteran status, race/ethnicity, income, physical health, health perception, trauma, distress, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (Primary Care DSM-5 PTSD screen), and drug use. Results indicate a high burden of poor mental health among those who served in-theater.

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Carpenter, Joan, Dawn Smith, Hilary Griffin, Daniel Kinder, Joshua Thorpe, Mary Ersek, and Ann Kutney-Lee. "Quality of End-of-Life Care for Vietnam Veterans: Implications for Practice and Policy." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.793.

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Abstract In federal response to the aging population of Vietnam-era Veterans, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to create a pilot program to identify and develop best practices for improving hospice care for this population. A first step in VA’s response was to identify whether the end-of-life (EOL) care needs and outcomes of Vietnam-era Veterans differed from previous generations. Using medical records and bereaved family surveys, we examined clinical characteristics, healthcare utilization, and EOL quality indicators for Vietnam-era Veterans who died in VA inpatient settings between 2013-17. Contemporaneous comparisons were made with World War II/Korean War-era Veterans. Compared to prior generations, higher percentages of Vietnam-era Veterans had mental health/substance use diagnoses and disability. Similar percentages of family members in both groups reported that overall EOL care was excellent; however, post-traumatic stress disorder management ratings by families of Vietnam-era Veterans were significantly lower. Although current VA EOL practices are largely meeting the needs of Vietnam-era Veterans, greater focus on mental health comorbidity, including post-traumatic stress disorder, Agent Orange-related conditions, and ensuring access to quality EOL care in the community is warranted. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should anticipate more physical and mental health comorbidities among Veterans at EOL as Vietnam-era Veterans continue to age. Findings are being used to inform the development of standardized EOL care protocols and training programs for non-VA healthcare providers that are tailored to the needs of this population.

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Dohrenwend, Bruce P., and Thomas J. Yager. "Personal Involvement of U.S. Vietnam Veterans in Harming Civilians and Prisoners: The Roles of Antisocial Predispositions and Combat Situations." Clinical Psychological Science 9, no. 5 (April 12, 2021): 932–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702621991794.

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Our previous research with U.S. Vietnam veterans focused on war-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We used data from a clinically diagnosed subsample of 254 men from the 1986–1988 National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS). We found that one of the most important factors associated with war-related PTSD was veterans’ participation in harm to civilians and/or prisoners (13% of the veterans). In the present research, we used the larger sample (1,183) of NVVRS male veterans to investigate the relative importance of veterans’ predispositions to antisocial behavior by contrast with their combat situations in their involvement in harm. We found that severity of combat situation is much more important. However, veterans who harmed both civilians and prisoners have elevated scores on prewar antisocial behavior and the most elevated Vietnam-related guilt feelings. In addition, harmers as a whole are more likely than nonharmers to have died by the time of a 2012–2013 follow-up of the NVVRS study.

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Levin, Aaron. "Vietnam Veterans Continue to Feel Effects of War." Psychiatric News 50, no. 20 (October 16, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2015.10a15.

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Chattarji, Subarno. "Poetry by american women veterans." Alea : Estudos Neolatinos 16, no. 2 (December 2014): 300–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-106x2014000200004.

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While there is a significant body of literature - fiction, memoirs, poetry - by American male veterans that has been discussed and analyzed, writings by American women who served in Vietnam receive less attention. This essay looks at some poetry by women within contexts of collective political and cultural amnesia. It argues that in recovering women's voices there is often a reiteration of dominant masculine tropes which in turn does not interrogate fundamental structures and justifications of the Vietnam War. However, the poems are indicative of alternative visions, of "things worth living for" in the aftermath of a war that has specific reverberations in the United States of America.

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Neal, Leigh A. "Commentary." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 4, no. 4 (July 1998): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.4.4.217.

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It is a sobering fact that the average age of the surviving veterans of the Second World War is now close to 80 years. The available information indicates that the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in all Second World War veterans is slightly higher than the 15% lifetime prevalence found in Vietnam War veterans, although there are few reliable studies on which to base this conclusion. It is, however, consistent with the finding that combat stress, based on casualty rates, during periods of the Vietnam War was equivalent to the severity of combat stress in the Second World War. There are several epidemiological studies (Beebe, 1975; Tennant et al, 1986) of more specific Second World War veteran groups such as Far East prisoners of war and, predictably, they show higher PTSD prevalence rates, ranging between 30 and 50%.

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Desai, Miraj U., Anthony J. Pavlo, Larry Davidson, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem, and Robert Rosenheck. "Context Matters: Social, Cultural, and Political Dimensions of PTSD Among Vietnam Veterans." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 20, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.20.2.113.

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This brief article examines the social determinants of mental health for a group of Vietnam veterans who recently received a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, interviews were conducted with Vietnam-era veterans presenting for mental healthcare at the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), about 40 years after the Vietnam War. The present data and analyses reflect the subset of participants who received diagnoses of PTSD. Findings reveal how PTSD and related psychosocial suffering cannot be fully understood without attending to the sociocultural and political milieu in which they manifest. Five specific social determinants are presented: war as the specific context of trauma; sociopolitical meanings of the Vietnam War; racism; detrimental norms of masculinity; and ecological hazards. Findings suggest that it is important for clinical practices, community interventions, and policies for PTSD to be understood in historically and socioculturally contextualized ways that do justice to, and seek justice for, people's experiences.

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Sylvester, Christine. "Curating and re-curating the American war in Vietnam." Security Dialogue 49, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617733851.

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The American war in Vietnam killed 58,000 US military personnel and millions of people on the ground, creating a troubling war legacy that has been ‘resolved’ in the USA through state strategies to efface military mortalities. Drawing on Charlotte Heath-Kelly’s work addressing mortality denied or ignored in the field of international relations and that of Andrew Bacevich and Christian Appy on American militarism, I explore the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC, as a site of war re-curations that refuse the effacement of mortality and disrupt the militarist myths that sustain it – namely, that America is renewed and revitalized through war, and that soldiers live on as American heroes when they sacrifice for the country. With the Vietnam Syndrome long since replaced by insistence on loving all soldiers, even if not all the country’s wars, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated to remembering those who were not publicly acknowledged for fighting and dying in America’s failed war. Assemblages of pictures, letters, and other items that a community of loss leaves at the Memorial re-curate the war by showing the lingering pain that war mortality inflicts on those who experience it decade upon decade. Taken together, the objects of war shown at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and collected each evening put mortality at the heart of war experience. The Memorial is therefore a key location of knowledge that challenges militarist appeals and state effacements in favor of what Viet Thanh Nguyen calls ‘just memory’ of war.

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CUSACK, J. R. "Strangers at Home: Vietnam Veterans Since the War; Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings From the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study." American Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 6 (June 1992): 837—a—838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.6.837-a.

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Alzahrani, Sara. "Travelling Memories: Revisiting the Past in Larry Heinemann’s Black Virgin Mountain." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 2 (February 3, 2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.2.5.

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The Vietnam War was a period of immense upheaval and trauma for American troops. In recognition of the urgent need for psychological support and care for veterans, a therapy culture and narratives of healing began to take shape, acknowledging the psychological potential of revisiting sites of trauma. While there are numerous cases of war veterans returning to Vietnam in search of closure, very few studies have delved into the specific ways in which mobility and movement influence the reconstruction of war memories and their impact on veterans’ healing. This paper aims to examine how the physical act of returning to a place of trauma can be a powerful form of remembrance and healing, potentially leading to a greater understanding of the complex and interconnected nature of trauma and memory. Through a close reading of Larry Heinemann’s memoir Black Virgin Mountain: A Return to Vietnam (2005), this paper seeks to uncover the power and potential of physical movement to manifest and process traumatic memories, and the potential risks involved. Understanding how war memories continue to manifest long after the war has ended is crucial for understanding the healing process and the urgent needs of veterans. It highlights the significance of mobility and movement as active vehicles of remembrance, allowing veterans to navigate the traumas of the past and find closure.

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Grant, Lenny. "Post-Vietnam Syndrome: Psychiatry, Anti-War Politics, and the Reconstitution of the Vietnam Veteran." Rhetoric of Health and Medicine 3, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/rhm.2020.1007.

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Using primary source materials from medical, government, and journalism archives, this study of public medical discourse reveals the role of argumentation in positively shaping public perceptions of traumatized soldiers and locates the contemporary origins of the trope of “soldier as psychological victim of war”—a perception that continues to inform public policy and medical research. Using Jasinski’s (1998) concepts of interior and exterior constitutive potential to analyze the public writings, interviews, and Congressional testimony of VVAW-affiliated psychiatrists, the study finds that the radical psychiatrists’ interior (directed at veterans) and exterior (directed at public and medical institutions) rhetorics were (and arguably remain) mutually effective in creating an identity for veterans to occupy that exculpated them from their involvement in war, while allowing them to garner benefits for their service. The article concludes with two examples of the “veteran as psychological victim of war” trope as it shapes the contemporary rhetorical ecology of former servicemembers.

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Dergacheva, V. E., and Yu G. Chernyshov. "Features of the "Monumental" Policy of the United States in Relation to the Conflicts of the Cold War (on the Example of Monuments in Washington, D.C.)." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(131) (July 11, 2023): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2023)3-11.

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In this article, the authors analyze the unique features of the United States' "monumental" policy in relation to the conflicts of the Cold War and the associated memorial and commemorative spaces within the metropolitan region. Specifically, the authors focus on the two Cold War conflicts that are commemorated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. — the Korean War (1950-1953) and the Vietnam War (19641975). The Vietnam Veterans Memorial (1982) and the Korean War Veterans Memorial (1995) are among the monumental objects that commemorate these conflicts, along with the Three Soldiers Monument (1984) and the Vietnam Women's Memorial (1993), which were later added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. To examine the evolution and specific characteristics of the American "monumental" policy regarding the history of the Cold War, the authors employed various sources, including artifacts of "monumental" policy such as monuments, memorial complexes, and architectural structures; official documents on monumental projects; official websites of memorials and their funds; materials on planning, construction, and preservation of memorials; memoirs and interviews of architects; articles in the media; opinion polls; reviews from visitors to monumental objects. By tracing the history of the creation of these monumental objects, the authors aim to evaluate the degree of influence of civil society on official memory politics and to understand how assessments of Cold War conflicts have evolved in the United States.

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August, Lynn R., and Barbara A. Gianola. "Symptoms of War Trauma Induced Psychiatric Disorders: Southeast Asian Refugees and Vietnam Veterans." International Migration Review 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 820–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100320.

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This article compares the symptomatology of Southeast Asian refugees suffering from mental health disorders with that of Vietnam veterans suffering from psychiatric disorders related to war trauma. Both of these groups share common unresolved feelings and have similar clinical manifestations resulting from the intensity of wartime atrocities. Similarities in the symptoms presented by these two groups suggest the Southeast Asian refugees may also suffer from the same type of war trauma induced psychiatric disorder as the Vietnam veterans.

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Frueh, B. Christopher, Jon D. Elhai, Anouk L. Grubaugh, Jeannine Monnier, Todd B. Kashdan, Julie A. Sauvageot, Mark B. Hamner, B. G. Burkett, and George W. Arana. "Documented combat exposure of US veterans seeking treatment for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 6 (June 2005): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.6.467.

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BackgroundThere are concerns regarding the validity of combat exposure reports of veterans seeking treatment for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within US Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.AimsTo verify combat exposure history for a relevant sample through objective historical data.MethodArchival records were reviewed from the US National Military Personnel Records Center for 100 consecutive veterans reporting Vietnam combat in a Veterans Affairs PTSD clinic. Cross-sectional clinical assessment and 12-month service use data were also examined.ResultsAlthough 93% had documentation of Vietnam war-zone service, only 41% of the total sample had objective evidence of combat exposure documented in their military record. There was virtually no difference between the Vietnam ‘combat’ and ‘no combat’ groups on relevant clinical variables.ConclusionsA significant number of treatment-seeking Veterans Affairs patients may misrepresent their combat involvement in Vietnam. There are implications for the integrity of the PTSD database and the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.

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Scurfield, Raymond M., Leslie P. Root, Andrew Wiest, F. N. Coiro, H. J. Sartin, C. L. Jones, and M. B. Fanugao. "History Lived and Learned: Students and Vietnam Veterans in an Integrative Study Abroad Course." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 9, no. 1 (August 15, 2003): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v9i1.117.

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In May 2000, the College of International and Continuing Education and the History Department at the University of Southern Mississippi (USM) sponsored an innovative study-abroad course on the history of the Vietnam War. As part of the course, three Vietnam combat veterans accompanied eight undergraduate and eight graduate history students to Vietnam. The course’s staff included three members of the history faculty, a social-work faculty member, a psychologist, and a cameraman. This precedent-setting study abroad course integrated the teaching of Vietnam culture and military history with an exploration of the mental health aspects of combat and post-war recovery of Vietnam veterans. This article discusses lessons learned in designing and implementing the course, and implications regarding the integration of history education and therapeutic mental health objectives.

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Lee, Hyunyup, Sungrok Kang, Soyoung Choun, and Carolyn Aldwin. "Correlates of Psychological Well-being Among Korean Vietnam War Veterans." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3273.

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Abstract Prior research on Veterans’ mental health has largely focused on identifying risk and protective factors for negative psychological symptoms such as PTSD. However, mental health indicates not merely absence of psychopathology, but also the existence of positive psychological well-being (Keyes, 2005). Thus, the current study aimed to examine the correlates of psychological well-being, which is less studied, in an Asian sample, Korean veterans. Data for this 2017 study were from Korean Vietnam War Veterans Study. Participants were 348 male veterans, and their mean age was about 72 years old (SD = 2.7, range = 65-84). Using Keyes’ (2002) classification criteria, psychological well-being was divided into three types: flourishing (9.5%), moderately health (59.95%), and languishing (25.3%). Own-way analyses of variance showed that the groups did not differ in demographic variables (age, marital status, education, and income). Further, there were no differences in combat exposure, negative appraisals of military service, smoking, and alcohol consumption. However, significant group differences were found for resources; Scheffé's post-hoc analyses indicated that optimism, positive appraisals of military service, four types of social support (family, significant others, friend, and military peer), and self-rated health were significantly different among the groups, and highest in the flourishing group. The moderately health group showed higher levels of positive appraisals of military service and four types of social support than the languishing group. Thus, the majority (about 60%) of Korean Vietnam veterans were moderately psychologically healthy in this sample, but those with positive psychosocial resources were more likely to be healthiest.

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Denton, Donald D. "Descended into Hell: Consultation on the Vietnam Experience." Journal of Pastoral Care 41, no. 4 (December 1987): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098704100409.

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Outlines a group process designed to bring reconciliation between veterans of the Vietnam War and those who protested the war. Notes materials from brain research as well as scriptural wisdom as theoretical bases for the empirical program.

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Woolhandler, Steffie, David U. Himmelstein, Ronald Distajo, Karen E. Lasser, Danny McCormick, David H. Bor, and Sidney M. Wolfe. "America's Neglected Veterans: 1.7 Million Who Served Have No Health Coverage." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 2 (April 2005): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/upbq-c3rh-d367-5h9d.

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Many U.S. military veterans lack health insurance and are ineligible for care in Veterans Administration health care facilities. Using two recently released national government surveys—the 2004 Current Population Survey and the 2002 National Health Interview Survey—the authors examined how many veterans are uninsured (lacking health insurance coverage and not receiving care from the VA) and whether uninsured veterans have problems in access to care. In 2003, 1.69 million military veterans neither had health insurance nor received ongoing care at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospitals or clinics; the number of uninsured veterans increased by 235,159 since 2000. The proportion of nonelderly veterans who were uninsured rose from 9.9 percent in 2000 to 11.9 percent in 2003. An additional 3.90 million members of veterans' households were also uninsured and ineligible for VHA care. Medicare covered virtually all Korean War and World War II veterans, but 681,808 Vietnam-era veterans were uninsured (8.7 percent of the 7.85 million Vietnam-era vets). Among the 8.27 million veterans who served during “other eras” (including the Persian Gulf War), 12.1 percent (999,548) lacked health coverage. A disturbingly high number of veterans reported problems in obtaining needed medical care. By almost any measure, uninsured veterans had as much trouble getting medical care as other uninsured persons. Thus millions of U.S. veterans and their family members are uninsured and face grave difficulties in gaining access to even the most basic medical care.

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Morgan, Edward P., and Wilbur J. Scott. "The Politics of Readjustment: Vietnam Veterans since the War." Journal of American History 81, no. 3 (December 1994): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081607.

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Leventman, Seymour, and Wilbur J. Scott. "The Politics of Readjustment: Vietnam Veterans Since the War." Social Forces 75, no. 3 (March 1997): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580537.

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강성록, 이현엽, and 김세훈. "Predictors of PTSD symptoms in Korean Vietnam War veterans." Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 33, no. 1 (February 2014): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2014.33.1.003.

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Curry, G. David, and Wilbur J. Scott. "The Politics of Readjustment: Vietnam Veterans Since the War." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 3 (May 1995): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076491.

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Alderman, Christopher P., Andrew L. Gilbert, and John T. Condon. "Characteristics of Tranquilizer Use among Australian Vietnam War Veterans." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34, no. 11 (November 2000): 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19418.

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Kobrick, Felice R. "Reaction of Vietnam Veterans to the Persian Gulf War." Health & Social Work 18, no. 3 (August 1993): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/18.3.165.

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Park, Jinim. "The Colonized Colonizers: Korean Experiences of the Vietnam War." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 7, no. 3-4 (1998): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656198793646004.

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AbstractOn 15 February 1997, the South Korean newspaper Chosun Ilbo reported that the Seoul District Court had rejected an appeal by the Korean Vietnam War veterans who had asked for compensation relating to the health effects of having been exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam.

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Cypel, Yasmin, Stella E. Hines, Victoria J. Davey, Stephanie M. Eber, and Aaron I. Schneiderman. "Spirometric Pulmonary Restriction in Herbicide-Exposed U.S. Vietnam War Veterans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 28, 2019): 3131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173131.

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Spirometric restriction in herbicide-exposed U.S. Army Chemical Corps Vietnam War veterans was examined because no published research on this topic in Vietnam War veterans exists. Spirometry was conducted on 468 veterans who served in chemical operations in a 2013 study assessing the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and herbicide exposure. Exposure was verified based on blood serum values of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Further, the association between herbicide exposure and spirometry restriction (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ lower limit of normal (LLN) and FVC < LLN) was tested after adjustment for military characteristics, selected anthropometrics, and other predictors using multivariable regression. Spirometric restriction in herbicide sprayers (15.7%, 95% CI: 10.6, 20.9) was almost twice that of nonsprayers (9.91%, 95% CI: 5.9, 13.9) (p = 0.081). While spirometric restriction was not significantly associated with herbicide exposure (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.64, 95% CI: 0.82, 3.29) despite the greater prevalence of restriction in sprayers versus nonsprayers, spirometric restriction was significantly associated with race/ethnicity (aOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.36, 6.79) and waist circumference (aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.85). Because restrictive pulmonary disease may result from chemically-induced inflammation or sensitivity, research on chemical exposures and restriction in veterans should continue. Future study should include full pulmonary function testing, targeted research designs, and a wider set of explanatory variables in analysis, such as other determinants of health.

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Roefaro, John. "The Changing Face of Older American Veterans." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.4.

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The demographics of the Veterans in our care are everchanging, we are currently seeing a major shift in our geriatric Veteran population. World War II (WWII) ended in 1945, meaning that the youngest WWII Veterans are no more than 93 years old. There are currently close to 300,000 WWII Veterans and this number is expected to drop to <50,000 by 2024. Conversely, there are currently nearly 1 million Veterans of the Korean Conflict (1950–1953) and nearly 6 million Vietnam Era (1964–1975) Veterans. As the Vietnam Era Veterans age, we are seeing a surge in the number of Veterans aged 75 and older. There are currently less than 4.6 million Veterans in this age group and that number is expected to exceed 5 million by 2023.

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Roefaro, John. "The Changing Face of Older American Veterans." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.4.

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The demographics of the Veterans in our care are everchanging, we are currently seeing a major shift in our geriatric Veteran population. World War II (WWII) ended in 1945, meaning that the youngest WWII Veterans are no more than 93 years old. There are currently close to 300,000 WWII Veterans and this number is expected to drop to <50,000 by 2024. Conversely, there are currently nearly 1 million Veterans of the Korean Conflict (1950-1953) and nearly 6 million Vietnam Era (1964-1975) Veterans. As the Vietnam Era Veterans age, we are seeing a surge in the number of Veterans aged 75 and older. There are currently less than 4.6 million Veterans in this age group and that number is expected to exceed 5 million by 2023.

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Watkins, Nicholas, Frances Cole, and Sue Weidemann. "The War Memorial as Healing Environment: The Psychological Effect of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial on Vietnam War Combat Veterans’ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms." Environment and Behavior 42, no. 3 (March 10, 2010): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916510361873.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vietnam Veterans Against the War'

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