Academic literature on the topic 'Vietnamese in Montreal'

Our research concerns the ethnic identity of youth (18-22yrs) of immigrant parentage (Greek, Portuguese, Chilean, Vietnamese and Salvadoran, with a comparison group of French-speaking Québécois youth) in Montreal. Despite the questioning of notions of ethnicity and ethnic identity that has been going on for several decades, this area of research is still marked by essentialist perspectives that do not coincide with the results of our research. The young people interviewed express fluid ethnic identities that have changed over time and that are characterised by multiple forms of ethnic belonging. They present their ethnic identity as a source of enrichment rather than of conflict or feelings of inferiority. The oral accounts of youth of immigrant origin in Montreal give much evidence of transnationality, that is, ties with the cultural group of origin whether in the country of origin or elsewhere; and of transethnicity, solidarities with other ethnic groups in Montreal that are seen as culturally or structurally similar. Though these two orientations would seem to be somewhat contradictory, they are, we argue, in fact compatible. Both offer numerous advantages to immigrant groups and their members, particularly in the present-day context. We examine our research results in light of contextual factors related to the Montreal milieu as well as to the age group of those interviewed. We propose that, without minimising these factors, one must question the conceptualisation of ethnic identity especially as it concerns youth of immigrant origins.

To determine the health and social benefits of the family mealtime, we examined the contribution of immigrant mothers’ food motives to the importance placed on family meals, and cultural differences in mothers’ food motives and the importance ascribed to family meals. Data were taken from a study on food choice factors among ten- to 12-year-old children from three cultural communities in Montreal. A 24-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to explore food choice motives. Each mother was also asked how important it was for her family to take the time to eat together, and if the child enjoyed sharing meals with his or her family. In all, 209 of the 653 questionnaires distributed were valid; 68 were from Haitian, 75 from Portuguese, and 66 from Vietnamese mothers. Five factors emerging from factor analyses explained 61.67% of the variance. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between mothers’ countries of origin for the importance placed on health, pleasure, familiarity, and ingredient properties (p<0.005). Among Haitian and Portuguese mothers, health motivations emerged as the only significant predictor of the importance given to family meals, whereas for Vietnamese mothers, both health and eating familiar foods were predictors (p<0.05).

Despite growing interest in the difficulties encountered by ethnic entrepreneurs, very little research has yet been done on the subject. This article attempts to fill the gap. A total of 715 Chinese, Italian, Indian/Sikh, Jewish, and Vietnamese entrepreneurs from Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver were surveyed for the research. The results show that ethnic businesses tend to face the same problems as other businesses, which consequently does not appear to justify the development of support programs specifically for ethnic entrepreneurs. However, this study of established businesses does not consider failed or nascent businesses, which may have experienced additional problems. Further research is required to examine these issues. Also, given the unique social and business dynamics that exist within the ethnic communities studied, support programs should be directed through the networks of these communities.

AbstractThe Vietnam War made May ’68 possible. The war prompted young radicals to experiment with new forms of struggle, reinvent radical internationalism, and ultimately embrace revolution. Transnational exchanges and a changing political conjuncture pushed some radicals to argue that the best way to aid their Vietnamese comrades abroad was to bring the war home to France. Their efforts to translate the exemplary struggles in Vietnam into a domestic idiom helped trigger the events of May ’68. Seen in this transnational context, May ’68 was one front among many in a broader, worldwide anti-imperialist struggle, led primarily by the Vietnamese. In France, Vietnam became a universal symbol of revolt, supercharging other struggles, while radicals elsewhere were inspired to translate the French May into their own national contexts. This article shows just how profoundly Vietnam shaped the radical imaginary of the “68 years.”La guerre du Vietnam a rendu Mai 68 possible. La guerre a permis à de jeunes radicaux d'expérimenter de nouvelles formes de lutte, de reconstruire un internationalisme fort et de se lancer dans la révolution. Les échanges transnationaux ainsi qu'une nouvelle conjoncture politique entraînèrent certains radicaux à affirmer que la meilleure façon d'aider leurs camarades vietnamiens était d'importer la guerre en métropole. Leurs efforts pour traduire les luttes exemplaires des Vietnamiens dans le contexte français participèrent au déclenchement des événements de Mai 68. Pris dans une perspective transnationale, Mai 68 était un front parmi d'autres dans une lutte anti-impérialiste globale, conduite principalement par les Vietnamiens. En France, le Vietnam devint un symbole universel de révolte, s'articulant avec d'autres luttes, tandis que les événements poussèrent les radicaux d'autres pays à traduire le Mai français dans leurs propres contextes nationaux. Cet article montre que le Vietnam a façonné profondément l'imaginaire radical des « années 68 ».

05–543Aguilar-Sánchez, Jorge (INTESOL, Indianapolis, USA; students@intesol.org), English in Costa Rica. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.2 (2005), 161–172.05–544Campbell, Jamie I. D. (U of Saskatchewan, Canada; Jamie.Campbell@usask.ca), Asymmetrical language switching costs in Chinese–English bilinguals' number naming and simple arithmetic. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Cambridge, UK) 8.1 (2005), 39–61.05–545Cohen, Roger (U of Guam, The Territory of Guam, USA), English in Mongolia. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.2 (2005), 203–216.05–546Curco, Carmen (National Autonomous U of Mexico, Mexico), Code switching and identity in the discourse of Catalan immigrants in Mexico. AILA Review (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 18 (2005), 18–40.05–547Dimova, Slobodanka (Purdue U, USA; dimova@purdue.edu), English in Macedonia. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.2 (2005), 187–202.05–548Edwards, Viv (U of Reading, UK) & Lynda Pritchard Newcombe, Language transmission in the family in Wales: an example of innovative language planning. Language Problems and Language Planning (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 29.2 (2005), 135–150.05–549Francis, Norbert (Northern Arizona U, Flagstaff, USA; norbert.francis@nau.edu), Research findings on early first language attrition: implications for the discussion on critical periods in language acquisition. Language Learning (Malden, MA, USA) 55.3 (2005), 491–531.05–550García Mayo, María del Pilar (U del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain; mariapilar.garciamayo@ehu.es), Amparo Lázaro Ibarrola & Juana M. Liceras, Placeholders in the English interlanguage of bilingual (Basque/Spanish) children. Language Learning (Malden, MA, USA) 55.3 (2005), 445–489.05–551Gómez, Leo, David Freeman & Yvonne Freeman (U of Texas Pan American, USA), Dual language education: a promising 50–50 model. Bilingual Research Journal (Tempe, AZ, USA) 29.1 (2005), 145–164.05–552Guion, Susan G. (U of Oregon, Eugene, USA; guion@uoregon.edu), Knowledge of English word stress patterns in early and late Korean–English bilinguals. Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Cambridge, UK) 27.4 (2005), 503–533.05–553Hilgendorf, Suzanne K. (Detroit, USA; s.k.hilgendorf@wayne.edu), ‘Brain Gain statt[instead of]Brain Drain’: the role of English in German education. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.1 (2005), 53–67.05–554Johnson, Eric (Arizona State U, USA), Proposition 203: a critical metaphor analysis. Bilingual Research Journal (Tempe, AZ, USA) 29.1 (2005), 69–84.05–555Leung, Yan-kit Ingrid (U of Essex, UK; ileung@essex.ac.uk), L2 vs. L3 initial state: a comparative study of the acquisition of French DPs by Vietnamese monolinguals and Cantonese–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition (Cambridge, UK) 8.1 (2005), 39–61.05–556Montrul, Silvina (U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; montrul@uiuc.edu), Second language acquisition and first language loss in adult early bilinguals: exploring some differences and similarities. Second Language Research (London, UK) 21.3 (2005), 199–249.05–557Nickels, Edelmira L. (Indiana U, USA; eoquendo@indiana.edu), English in Puerto Rico. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.2 (2005), 227–238.05–558Nicoladis, Elena (U of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; elenan@ualberta.ca), The acquisition of complex deverbal words by a French–English bilingual child. Language Learning (Malden, MA, USA) 55.3 (2005), 415–443.05–559Oakes, Leigh (Queen Mary, U of London, UK), From internationalisation to globalisation: language and the nationalist revival in Sweden. Language Problems and Language Planning (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 29.2 (2005), 151–176.05–560Rolstad, Kellie, Kate S. Mahoney & Gene V. Glass (Arizona State U, USA), Weighing the evidence: a meta-analysis of bilingual education in Arizona. Bilingual Research Journal (Tempe, AZ, USA) 29.1 (2005), 43–67.05–561Tan, Peter K. W. (National U of Singapore, Singapore), The medium-of-instruction debate in Malaysia: English as a Malaysian language?Language Problems and Language Planning (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 29.1 (2005), 47–66.05–562Thordardottir, Elin T. (McGill U, Montreal, Canada; elin.thordardottir@mcgill.ca), Early lexical and syntactic development in Quebec French and English: implications for cross-linguistic and bilingual assessment. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders (London, UK) 40.3 (2005), 243–278.05–563Ustinova, Irina P. (Murray State U, USA; irina.ustinova@murraystate.edu), English in Russia. World Englishes (Oxford, UK) 24.2 (2005), 239–252.05–564Valdés, Guadalupe (Stanford U, USA; gvaldes@stanford.edu), Bilingualism, heritage language learners, and SLA research: opportunities lost or seized?The Modern Language Journal (Malden, MA, USA) 89.3 (2005), 410–426.

This study is an inquiry into cultural conflict experienced by adolescents of Vietnamese origin in Montreal. It examines the nature of the conflicts as they are experienced by the adolescents themselves, as they are perceived by the parents, and by the teachers, counsellors and principals at the secondary schools they attended. The study also examines the course of the conflicts and the kinds of solutions used to resolve them. Separate semi-structured interviews were conducted with six adolescents, five parents and seven school personnel in two public schools attended by the students. Analysis of the interviews showed that students, parents and school personnel tended to define the problems in different ways and to have very different perceptions of their causes. In those families in which the problems of cultural conflict manifested themselves most severely, parents and children tended to use behaviours leading to a deterioration of relations between them and employed a very limited range of alternatives for conflict resolution.

Les trois études recensées sur le style parental et la santé mentale chez des jeunes Vietnamiens démontrent qu’une perception du style autoritaire parental était reliée à une plus faible estime de soi ainsi qu’à un plus haut niveau de dépression. Dans cette étude, nous examinons l’acculturation et les styles parentaux des mères et des pères en relation avec la santé mentale chez de jeunes adultes Vietnamiens âgés de 18 à 25 ans (N = 53). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que le modèle de style parental que les jeunes attribuent le plus à leurs parents est autoritaire. Le niveau de fermeté (authoritativeness) des mères est plus élevé que celui des pères. Les styles parentaux n’ont aucun effet sur le niveau d’estime de soi, de détresse psychologique et d’affiliation ethnique chez les jeunes. Ceux qui adoptent une stratégie de marginalisation démontrent une plus faible estime de soi que ceux qui adoptent celle d’intégration, d’assimilation ou d’ethnocentrisme. Les résultats sur le style parental démontrent que les jeunes ayant des parents autoritaires ne sont pas plus maladaptés que ceux ayant des parents fermes ou permissifs. Les résultats concernant les différences entre les quatre modes d’acculturation selon la détresse psychologique ne sont pas significatifs. Adopter une stratégie de marginalisation semble être associé à une plus faible estime de soi, mais non à une plus faible adaptation psychologique chez les jeunes Vietnamiens.
The three studies that have been carried out on parenting style and mental health outcomes in Vietnamese youth showed that adolescents’ perception of their parents using the authoritarian style was related to lower self-esteem and higher depression. In this study, we examined acculturation and parenting styles of mothers and fathers in relation to mental health outcomes in Vietnamese young adults aged 18 to 25 years old (N = 53). It was found that the parenting style youth attributed the most to their parents was authoritarian. Mothers’ levels of authoritativeness were higher than fathers’. Parenting styles had no effect on youth levels of self-esteem, psychological distress and ethnic affiliation. Youth who adopted the marginalization strategy showed lower self-esteem than those who adopted integration, assimilation or ethnocentrism. Parenting style results show that youth with authoritarian parents are not less maladjusted compared to youth with authoritative or permissive parents. Differences between the four acculturation modes on psychological distress were not significant. Adopting the marginalization strategy seems associated with lower self-esteem but not with poorer psychological adjustment in Vietnamese youth.

Le paysage religieux québécois a connu depuis les années 1960 des transformations profondes, que l’on associe classiquement au processus de sécularisation de la province et à la diversification des régions d’origine de son immigration. Le passage d’une immigration surtout européenne, et donc principalement chrétienne ou juive, à une immigration issue d’autres régions de monde participa à l’émergence d’une nouvelle diversité religieuse au Québec. Ce mémoire se propose d’explorer le cas d’une des religions qui fut introduite suite à l’accueil de réfugiés vietnamiens entre les années 1970 et 1990, le caodaïsme. Bien que très faiblement représentés à Montréal et au Québec comparativement aux Vietnamiens bouddhistes et catholiques, les caodaïstes ont rapidement formé leur propre congrégation, celle-ci ayant été un lieu de soutien pour les nouveaux arrivants vietnamiens. Basées sur un terrain mené en 2014 et en 2015 auprès du Temple Caodaïque de Montréal, les analyses proposées dans ce mémoire mettent en lumière le rôle particulier qu’a pu jouer cette congrégation religieuse auprès de ses membres dans leur insertion à la société québécoise, tout en soulignant l’évolution qu’a connue le rôle de ce lieu de culte après trois décennies d’existence et le déclin de l’immigration vietnamienne au Québec. Par ailleurs, nous analysons les différentes adaptations qu’a connue la pratique, collective comme individuelle, du caodaïsme au Québec en mettant en exergue l’importance de l’influence du contexte sécularisé et de la condition minoritaire. Nous montrons finalement la manière dont les adeptes de cette congrégation cherchent à mettre leur doctrine en cohérence avec la société québécoise.
The religious landscape in Quebec has undergone profound changes since the 1960s. These transformations are typically associated with the process of secularization of the province and the diversification of the origins of its immigrants. The transition from a mainly European immigration, and therefore mainly Christian or Jewish, to an immigration from other regions of the world, contributed to the formation of a newly established religious diversity in Quebec. This master’s thesis explores the case of Caodaism a religion that was first introduced by Vietnamese refugees between the 1970s and 1990s. Although Caodaists were few in numbers in Montreal and Quebec compared to Vietnamese Buddhists and Catholics, they quickly formed their own congregation, which became a site where new Vietnamese immigrants could seek support. Based on fieldwork conducted in 2014 and 2015 with the Temple Caodaïque de Montréal, I examine the role that this religious congregation played in the integration of its members into Quebec society, while demonstrating the transformation of the role ascribed to the Caodaist place of worship through the last three decades of existence and the decline of Vietnamese immigration in Quebec. Furthermore, I analyze how the collective and individual practice of Caodaism in Quebec has adapted though time, emphasising the importance of the influence of the secularized context and the religion’s minority status. I finally show how the members of this congregation strive to make their religious doctrine consistent with Quebec society.