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1
Corti, Claudia, Pietro Lo Cascio, and Marta Biaggini, eds. Mainland and insular lacertid lizards. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-523-8.
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Lacertid lizards have long been a fruitful field of scientific enquiry with many people working on them over the past couple of hundred years. The scope of the field has steadily increased, beginning with taxonomy and anatomy and gradually spreading so that it includes such topics as phylogenetics, behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Since 1992, a series of symposia on lacertid lizards of the Mediterranean basin have taken place every three years. The present volume stems from the 2004 meeting in the Aeolian Islands. In the volume a wide range of island topics are considered, including the systematics of the species concerned, from both morphological and molecular viewpoints, interaction with other taxa, and conservation. The last topic is especially important, as island lizards across the world have often been vulnerable to extinction, after they came into contact with people and the animals they introduced. The volume also has papers on the more positive aspects of human influence, specifically the benign effects of traditional agriculture on at least some reptile species. Olive trees, cork oaks and the banks and walls of loose rocks that crisscross the Mediterranean scene all often contribute to elevated lizard populations. Nor is more basic biology neglected and there are articles on morphology, reproduction, development and thermoregulation. Finally, it is good to see one paper on non-Mediterranean species is included. For, to fully understand the lacertids of this region, it is necessary to appreciate their close relatives in Africa, Asia and the archipelagos of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. (From Preface by E. Nicholas Arnold & Wolfgang Böhme)
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Carlos, Casacuberta, and Castellet Manuel, eds. Mathematical research today and tomorrow: Viewpoints of seven Fields medalists : lectures given at the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, Spain, June 1991. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
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Mathematical Research Today and Tomorrow: Viewpoints of Seven Fields Metalists : Lectures Given at the Institut D'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, Spain, (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). Springer, 1993.
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(Contributor), A. Connes, G. Faltings (Contributor), V. Jones (Contributor), S. Novikov (Contributor), S. Smale (Contributor), R. Thom (Contributor), S. T. Yau (Contributor), Carles Casacuberta (Editor), and Manuel Castellet (Editor), eds. Mathematical Research Today and Tomorrow: Viewpoints of Seven Fields Medalists. Lectures given at the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, Spain, June 1991 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). Springer, 1993.
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5
Yerkes, Mara, Jana Javornik, and Anna Kurowska, eds. Social Policy and the Capability Approach. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341789.001.0001.
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The capability approach, an increasingly popular conceptual and theoretical framework focused on what individuals are able to do and be, offers a unique evaluative perspective to social policy analysis. This book explores the advantages of this approach and offers a way forward in addressing conceptual and empirical issues as they apply specifically to social policy research and practice. Short conceptual and empirical chapters provide clear examples of how policies shape the capabilities of different groups and individuals, critically assessing the efficacy of different social policies across multiple social policy fields, providing both academic and practitioner viewpoints.
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Levinson, Jerrold, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics looks at a fascinating theme in philosophy and the arts. Leading figures in the field contribute forty-eight articles which detail the theory, application, history, and future of philosophy and all branches of the arts. The first article of the book gives a general overview of the field of philosophical aesthetics in two parts: the first is a quick sketch of the lay of the land, and the second an account of five central problems over the past fifty years. The second article gives an extensive survey of recent work in the history of modern aesthetics, or aesthetic thought from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. There are three main parts to the book. The first part comprises sections dealing with problems in aesthetics, such as expression, fiction or aesthetic experience, considered apart from any particular artform. The second part contains articles on problems in aesthetics as they arise in connection with particular artforms, such as music, film, or dance. The third part addresses relations between aesthetics and other fields of enquiry, and explores viewpoints or concerns complimentary to those prominent in mainstream analytical aesthetics.
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Tweed, Thomas A. Religion: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190064679.001.0001.
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Religion: A Very Short Introduction offers a concise and fair account of the vast topic of religion, incorporating insights from different scholarly fields while also respectfully representing diverse religions and varying viewpoints. Everyone who aspires to be an informed global citizen needs to understand religion, since it affects how billions around the world conduct their lives. But most overviews are too wordy or too partisan. This one focuses on the key questions: What is religion? What does it do? How is religion expressed and how has it changed? That story of change begins with the first signs of religion among ancient humans using stone tools, and it ends with modern adherents using computer technology. Religion continues to evolve, and it continues to play an important role in how people deal with recent trends and contemporary problems, from climate change to armed conflict. Religion, the author shows, is both intensifying and alleviating those problems. Religion is pulling us apart and bringing us together.
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Nagaosa, N. Multiferroics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0010.
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This chapter delves into the physics of multiferroics, the recent developments of which are discussed here from the viewpoint of the spin current and “emergent electromagnetism” for constrained systems. It presents the three sources of U(1) gauge fields, namely, the Berry phase associated with the noncollinear spin structure, the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), and the usual electromagnetic field. The chapter reviews multiferroic phenomena in noncollinear magnets from this viewpoint and discusses theories of multiferroic behavior of cycloidal helimagnets in terms of the spin current or vector spin chirality. Relativistic SOI leads to a coupling between the spin current and the electric polarization, and hence the ferroelectric and dielectric responses are a new and important probe for the spin states and their dynamical properties. Microscopic theories of the ground state polarization for various electronic configurations, collective modes including the electromagnon, and some predictions including photoinduced chirality switching are discussed with comparison to experimental results.
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Basu, Soumita. UN, Gender, and Women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.356.
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After the end of World War II, women’s rights advocates at the United Nations vigorously campaigned for equality between the sexes. At the UN Charter Conference held in San Francisco in 1945, women delegates fought for the recognition of sex-based discrimination as a violation of human rights in Article 1 of the Charter. At the UN, issues relating to women were primarily placed under the purview of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), established in June 1946 with the mandate to “prepare recommendations and report to the Economic and Social Council on promoting women’s rights in political, economic, civil, social and educational fields.” Three main perspectives underpin feminist International Relations (IR) literature on the UN, gender and women: promoting women’s participation and inclusion of women’s issues at the UN; gender critique of the UN, geared towards institutional transformation; and challenging the universality of the UN. Despite some fundamental differences between these three strands of thinking, their political significance is widely acknowledged in the literature. The co-existence of these contentious viewpoints resonates with the vibrant feminist politics at the UN, and offers a fruitful avenue for envisioning a better intergovernmental organization. This is particularly relevant in light of feminist scholars’ engagement with activism and policymaking at the UN from the very beginning. Nevertheless, there are issues that deserve further consideration, such as the workings of the UN, as reflected in its unique diplomatic characteristics and bureaucratic practices.
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Aquino, Frederick D., and Benjamin J. King. Introduction. Edited by Frederick D. Aquino and Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.30.
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This Handbook seeks to explore John Henry Newman with critical appreciation and to assess the large amount of secondary literature. In so doing, it does not intend to protect his legacy but to examine his life, writings, thought, and significance from the different perspectives and disciplines of philosophy, theology, history, education, and literature. Newman himself thought that the attempt to acquire a deeper understanding of things called for more than a single disciplinary perspective. Although a scholar in any particular field works within her boundaries, it is engagement across those boundaries that the present volume seeks to promote while at the same time providing a critical engagement with current scholarship in specific fields. The Handbook does not seek to merge incommensurable readings of Newman into a governing viewpoint and no particular school of thought is privileged. Instead, the volume reflects a broad range of perspectives and methodological assumptions to move all towards deeper understanding.
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Fradley, Michael. Methods in Medieval Archaeology. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.44.
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Key trends in methodological practice in later medieval archaeology in Britain largely follow those seen elsewhere in the discipline of archaeology. This chapter considers the key field techniques used in the study of later medieval archaeology. This includes traditional techniques such as archaeological excavation and survey, as well as more recent innovations such as the analysis of LiDAR data. Consideration is also given to how methodological practice has been influenced by changing theoretical viewpoints within the discipline, as well as pragmatic constraints and opportunities in undertaking archaeological research in Britain in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research. IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br201.
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The Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research (BMCR) is one of the new advanced Book series which focused on the new issues and developments in all aspects of general & scientific medical research and clinical practice. This volume is a welcome contribution to the all areas of Medical and Clinical Research. It is concise and accessible, yet covers the field comprehensively. Also, it demonstrates the deep understanding of the diverse theories, and presents the various viewpoints and approaches in an easily readable fashion. This book is of assistance to the medical students as well as the experienced practitioner.
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Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research. IOR INTERNATIONAL PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br201.
Full textAbstract:
The Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research (BMCR) is one of the new advanced Book series which focused on the new issues and developments in all aspects of general & scientific medical research and clinical practice. This volume is a welcome contribution to the all areas of Medical and Clinical Research. It is concise and accessible, yet covers the field comprehensively. Also, it demonstrates the deep understanding of the diverse theories, and presents the various viewpoints and approaches in an easily readable fashion. This book is of assistance to the medical students as well as the experienced practitioner.
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Zotarelli Filho, Idiberto José. Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research. 2nd ed. IOR PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/br211.
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The Bulletin of Medical and Clinical Research (BMCR) is one of the new advanced Book series which focused on the new issues and developments in all aspects of general & scientific medical research and clinical practice. This volume is a welcome contribution to the all areas of Medical and Clinical Research. It is concise and accessible, yet covers the field comprehensively. Also, it demonstrates the deep understanding of the diverse theories, and presents the various viewpoints and approaches in an easily readable fashion. This book is of assistance to the medical students as well as the experienced practitioner.
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Geniets, Anne, James O'Donovan, Niall Winters, and Laura Hakimi, eds. Training for Community Health. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866244.001.0001.
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Training and supervision have been cited as integral aspects to well-functioning community health worker (CHW) programmes. However, to date no books have focused on addressing this specific topic. This edited volume brings together a range of viewpoints from world leading practitioners and academics in CHW training, education, and supervision from different geographic regions. It explores the themes of supervision, technology support for training, participatory design, ethics and programme evaluation. The book aims to provide a comprehensive and multifaceted overview of the current state of this emerging field and to identify gaps in research and practice in this key area of global health.
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Mann, Peter. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.001.0001.
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This book explores the fascinating subject of classical mechanics, which is the pinnacle of nineteenth-century physics, from a fresh and exciting viewpoint. With its foundations laid down in ancient Greece, classical physics was truly born in the 1700s with Sir Isaac Newton’s discoveries and quickly developed into the modern scientific method that is commonplace today. After the Newtonian revolution, others reformulated classical mechanics into different descriptions and new formalisms, each uncovering novel aspects of the mathematical and geometrical laws of nature. Over the last 400 years, classical physics has been used to engineer bridges, railways, engines, antennas, planes and much, much more. Classical mechanics is still a vibrant field of active research in theoretical physics and, to this day, captures the excitement of many physicists. Classical mechanics persists today due to its incredible practicality and as the physical embodiment of many fields of abstract mathematics. In this book, the reader journeys from Newton’s three laws of motion to analytical mechanics and Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics, as well as the formulations of Jacobi and many other hard-working natural philosophers who lend their names to classical mechanics.
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Church, Allan H., David W. Bracken, John W. Fleenor, and Dale S. Rose, eds. Handbook of Strategic 360 Feedback. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879860.001.0001.
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Strategic 360 Feedback is defined as (a) having content derived from the organization’s strategy and values; (b) creating data that are sufficiently reliable and valid to be used for decision-making; (c) being integrated into talent management and development systems; and (d) being inclusive of all candidates for assessment. The handbook contains 31 chapters by leading practitioners in the field, organized into five major sections: 360 for Decision Making, 360 for Development, Methodology and Measurement, Organizational Applications (Case Studies), and Critical and Emerging Topics. It presents viewpoints from academics, scientists, practitioners, and consultants on best practices in the design, implementation and evaluation of many forms of multirater processes and technologies currently used to support talent management systems.
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Case, Steve, Phil Johnson, David Manlow, Roger Smith, and Kate Williams. Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198736752.001.0001.
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Criminology is a core, introductory textbook on the field of crime and criminology. It starts by looking at what crime is and the theories that try to explain it. It then considers society's response to crime. It shows how to carry out independent research and plan first steps in a career. The critical, applied approach is emphasized through some of the many features that are integrated throughout the book. These include conversations with authentic voices from the field, compelling personal insights, and challenges to the reader to question assumptions, apply knowledge, and critically reflect on their personal viewpoints. Topics covered include crime statistics, the media, victimology, youth crime, sociological positivism, crime control, punishment, and rehabilitation. The last part of the text applies theories of criminology to the real world and introduces the reader to what might be involved in a career in criminology research.
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Subhan, Muhammad, Sabariah Yaakub, and Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani. Port, maritime and hinterland development in Southeast Asia. UUM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474946.
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This book addresses myriad of issues and challenges in the field of port, maritime and hinterland development in Southeast Asia from multidisciplinary perspectives.Instead of focusing on only certain aspects of the maritime discipline, the book presents a range of different viewpoint from business and management, historical development, geography, law, and others.Although the book is made in the form of an edited book, readers will benefit and gain knowledge on many important issues in the field of port, maritime and hinterland development in Southeast Asia. This book will also be beneficial to all parties in this area, including policy and decision makers, government officials, port authorities, port operators or terminal operators, maritime-related service providers such as freight forwarders in port, ship agents, navigation officers, customs brokers, stevedores and other port users, shippers, passengers, and carriers.This book is also catered for those involved in maritime research or students who take maritime subject, or to the public who are interested in maritime issues.The contributors of this book are experts from diverse backgrounds with extensive experience in the fields of port, maritime and hinterland development.This is because we believe that maritime studies are intertwined with many aspects of life from environmental management to disputes at the sea, which will affect the maritime trade industry.Hence, issues in this book are also various.However, the emphasis is on the development of port, maritime and hinterland sector in Southeast Asia.
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Cornwell, Hannah. Peace in Civil War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805632.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the pressures that the civil wars of the 40s exerted on the conventional political language of the Republic, focusing in particular on the central role of pax in the debates of the time. The letters and speeches of Cicero provide major source material for this period and offer different viewpoints between the expedient and less guarded use of the term pax in order to examine the crisis of the Republic. The literary engagement with the concept is further explored in the works of Sallust and Caesar. An investigation into the language of pax in the numismatic field also provides insight into the engaging and changing application of the term as the political structures of the Republic change.
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Sweeney, Marvin A. Contemporary Jewish Readings of the Prophets. Edited by Carolyn J. Sharp. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.25.
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Contemporary Jewish critical scholars share many methodological foundations and viewpoints with their Christian counterparts, but there are nevertheless areas of distinctive concern to Jewish interpreters of the Bible in general and the prophets in particular. This chapter therefore addresses issues faced by Jewish scholars in the field., namely, the place of the prophets in the Tanak, i.e. the Jewish version of the Bible; the historical and social roles of the prophets; and treatment of exile, repentance, and restoration of the people to the Temple and the land of Israel in each of the books of the Latter Prophets, including Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Book of the Twelve Prophets. Examples of scholars treated include Ehud Ben Zvi, Julie Galambush, Moshe Greenberg, Tamar Kamionkowski, Shalom Paul, Dalit Rom-Shiloni, Benjamin Sommer, Emanuel Tov, and the author.
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Hogh-Olesen, Henrik. Summing Up the Aesthetic Impulse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927929.003.0010.
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In Chapter 9, the threads from the different investigations are gathered, and the evolutionary functions and conditions behind the aesthetic impulse are outlined in a synthesizing model. One of the main discussions in the aesthetic field concerns whether artistic behavior should be considered a biological adaptation in its own right and thus an innate behavioral repertoire with direct consequence to our survival and reproduction, which has been passed down the genetic line through evolutionary selection. Or should this behavior rather be considered a random by-product that may hold certain advantages for us, but which is a side effect of other adaptive processes? The chapter argues for the author’s stand in the adaptation/by-product opposition and shows how the viewpoints presented throughout the book best can be contained within the adaptation theory.
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Smith, Jad. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040634.003.0008.
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Bester’s writable approach, which took shape early in his career and peaked in the fifties, resulted in open texts with layered, incongruous meanings that invited readers to coproduce, even finish, his stories through active imagination. Bester produced this sense of excess through various types of pulp-modernist extra-coding—allusions, nonstandard orthography, synesthesia, and mixed-viewpoint narration, to name a few—but the reader-centered, writable patterns he created mattered more than any of these pyrotechnics alone. The conclusion argues that Bester is rightly remembered as a lodestar for SF’s venturers and nomads, largely because his self-conscious play with SF reading and writing protocols put the field in a highly productive dialogue with itself.
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Ward-Steinman, Patricia Madura. Choral Pedagogy Responds to the Media. Edited by Frank Abrahams and Paul D. Head. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199373369.013.2.
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Pop choral music has changed during the 21st century due to the enormous popularity of contemporary a cappella and commercial network TV shows such as Glee, The Voice, The Choir, The Sing-Off, American Idol, and the Clash of the Choirs. Choir students watch these shows and are influenced by them in terms of vocal tone, repertoire, showmanship, and competitive spirit. What is the proper pedagogical response? Should the media shape/influence choral pedagogy, or should traditional pedagogy develop the pop-influenced singer? This chapter addresses these questions and includes viewpoints of choral teachers throughout the age and experience spectra—from first-year teachers who are very familiar with these shows to competition-winning show choir directors and leaders in the field of choral music who have witnessed the effects of these programs on choral interest, enrollment, attitudes, and achievement in school choral programs.
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Dean, Roger T., and Alex McLean, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Algorithmic Music. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.001.0001.
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Algorithmic music appears to be at a turning point in its history, with many new systems and communities of practice developing together, as vibrant musical culture. This handbook brings together dozens of leading researchers and practitioners in the field, blending technical, artistic, cultural and scientific viewpoints into a whole that considers the making of algorithmic music as a rich, and essentially human activity. The book is organised into four sections, the first grounding the topic in the history, philosophy and psychology of algorithmic music. The second section asks 'what can algorithms in music do?', finding answers in computer science, mathematics, machine learning, bio-inspired computation, manipulation of pattern, computational creativity, and live coding. The third section focuses on the music maker, and the role of algorithms in supporting network music, sonification, music interface design, music in computer games, and spatialisation. The final section opens out to culture at large, and considers algorithmic music in terms of its audience reception, sociology, education, politics and the potential for mass consumption. Perhaps just as importantly, these sections are interleaved with reflective pieces from leading practitioners in the field, allowing us to to grasp the pragmatics of making music with algorithms. Combined, these diverse standpoints provide an absorbing, authoritative survey of research and practice from across the algorithmic music field.
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Margolis, Eric, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Cognitive Science. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.001.0001.
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Recent research across the disciplines of cognitive science has exerted a profound influence on how many philosophers approach problems about the nature of mind. These philosophers, while attentive to traditional philosophical concerns, are increasingly drawing both theory and evidence from empirical disciplines — both the framing of the questions and how to resolve them. However, this familiarity with the results of cognitive science has led to the raising of an entirely new set of questions about the mind and how we study it, questions which not so long ago philosophers did not even pose, let alone address. This book offers an overview of this burgeoning field that balances breadth and depth, with articles covering every aspect of the psychology and cognitive anthropology. Each article provides a critical and balanced discussion of a core topic while also conveying distinctive viewpoints and arguments. Several of the articles are co-authored collaborations between philosophers and scientists.
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Seeman, Don. Divinity Inhabits the Social. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797852.003.0020.
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This chapter argues that theologians and anthropologists should consider themselves natural (if sometimes conflictual) conversation partners because “divinity inhabits the social,” which means that neither field can avoid dealing with central themes theorized by the other. From a phenomenological anthropology viewpoint, theological languages contribute to new and more adequate accounts of lived experience. Based on women’s accounts of divine blessing at an Atlanta homeless shelter, this essay maintains that a continuum exists between academic theology and vernacular religion roughly analogous to the one between biomedical and vernacular accounts of suffering. Theologically engaged anthropology should emulate the analytic program of medical anthropology in probing the relation between these. Ways must also be found to broaden the kinds of expert knowledge that count as theology, especially in non-Christian traditions. The goal should be a theoretically robust program that contributes to more than just the anthropology of religion.
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Miller, Leta E. War, with Interludes (1991–1995). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038532.003.0005.
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This chapter examines Kernis's music in the years 1991–1995, a period marked by a proliferation of dark, brooding works responding to world conflicts. These works include the Second Symphony (1991), a reaction to the first Gulf War; Still Movement with Hymn (1993), provoked by the war in Bosnia; Colored Field (1994), inspired by his 1989 visit to Auschwitz and Birkenau; and Lament and Prayer (1995), a memorial to the Holocaust. Was it the self-confidence brought on by increasing fame that in some sense empowered Kernis to take on these greater-than-life themes or to imagine that in some way he could, by his art, effect a change in the world around him? Such a viewpoint in no way indicates a misplaced self-importance. Rather, it is essential to the very art of composition, to the communicative goal that most composers pursue: the reaching out, through personal self-expression, to move and commune with listeners, and ultimately inspire a transformation in them.
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Pezo-Lanfranco, Luis Nicanor. Bioarqueologia e Antropologia Forense: Métodos de escavação, recuperação e curadoria de ossos humanos. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-376-3.
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This book presents a synthesis on the necessary methods and techniques for the correct excavation, recovery and conservation of human remains, as well as notions of sampling and analysis of bones, useful for an adequate study of funeral contexts in conventional (bio)archaeological research or forensic-anthropology. As this book was written primarily for archeology students and archeologists with little training in bone handling, the language is easy-to-follow. The book is divided into two sections that roughly correspond to the two phases in which the method of analysis of human bones can be divided. In the first section, we describe the Phase I or field work that includes recovery methods, from the prospection and identification of burial sites, excavation and recording, field-sampling techniques, to the packaging and transport of bones to the laboratory. In the second part of the book, Phase II or laboratory work, we describe the treatment that should be given to bones from their arrival to laboratory of analysis to the final storage. In this section, we show the methods of cleaning and preparation of bones for further analysis, some basic notions on restoration and conservation, and relevant information about sampling techniques and their scientific principles to obtain information from the examined individual. Along the text we emphasize the informative potential of each analysis from the bioarchaeological and anthropological-forensic viewpoint.
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Jessop, Bob. Putting Civil Society in Its Place. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354956.001.0001.
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This book interprets civil society both as a shifting horizon of action and as an ensemble of governance arrangements with diverse agents rather than as a fixed reality with a definite substance. Its focus is not so much on civil society as it is on governance, metagovernance, and their forms of failure. These phenomena are examined from a governance theoretical viewpoint concerned with the coordination through self-organizing networks, partnerships and other forms of reflexive collaboration and, relatedly, in terms of an alleged ‘shift from government to governance’ in the polity and similar shifts from hierarchical authority to networked or ‘heterarchical’ coordination in many other social fields. After exploring these themes, the book presents the two phases of the WISERD civil society research programme and locates it in terms of Marx, Gramsci, and Foucault. The book then presents Bob Jessop’s own case studies of the role of governance in tackling economic and social problems and the limits and failures of economic and social policy in various styles of governance. It concludes with remarks on the struggle to integrate civil society into governance, and the power of social networks and solidarity within civil society. It thereby provides a comprehensive review of the factors that influence their success and identifies lessons for future social innovation.
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Canevaro, Lilah Grace. Women of Substance in Homeric Epic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826309.001.0001.
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Women in Greek epic are treated as objects, as commodities to be exchanged in marriage or as the spoils of warfare. However, women also use objects to negotiate their own agency, subverting the male viewpoint by using the very form they themselves are thought by men to embody. Female objects in Homer can be symbolically significant and powerfully characterizing. They can be tools of recognition and identification. They can pause narrative and be used agonistically. They can send messages and be vessels for memory. This book brings together Gender Theory and the burgeoning field of New Materialisms, combining an approach predicated on the idea of the woman as object with one which questions the very distinction between subject and object. This productive tension leads us to decentre the male subject—and to put centre stage not only the woman as object but also the agency of women and objects. Homeric women are shown to be not only objectified but also well-versed users of objects. This is something that Homer portrays clearly, that Odysseus understands—but that has often escaped many other men, from Odysseus’ alter ego Aethon in Odyssey 19 to modern experts on Homeric epic.
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Rury, John L., and Eileen H. Tamura, eds. The [Oxford] Handbook of the History of Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340033.001.0001.
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This handbook offers a global perspective on the historical development of educational institutions, systems of schooling, ideas about education, and educational experiences. Sections deal with questions of theory and methods, ancient and medieval education, the rise of national school systems, the development of universities in different contexts, problems of inequality and discrimination in education, and reform and institutional change. Specific chapters discuss colonialism and anticolonial struggles, indigenous education, gender issues in education, higher education systems, educational reform, urban and rural education, the education of minority groups, comparative, international, and transnational education, childhood and education, nonformal and informal education, and a range of other topics. Chapters consider changing scholarship in the field, connect nationally oriented works by comparing themes and approaches, and provide suggestions for further research and analysis. Like many other subfields of historical research and writing, the history of education has been deeply affected by international social and political upheaval occurring since the 1960s. In this regard, as chapters weigh the influence of revisionist perspectives at various points in time, they take particular note of those arising after that time. In discussing changing viewpoints, their authors consider how schooling and other educational experiences have been shaped by the larger social and political context, and how these influences have affected the experiences of students, their families, and the educators who have worked with them. Each chapter includes notes and a bibliography for readers interested in further study.
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Smith, William. Cosmopolitanism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.133.
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Cosmopolitanism refers to the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality. A cosmopolitan community might be based on an inclusive morality, a shared economic relationship, or a political structure that encompasses different nations. The argument that all citizens of the world possess an equal moral status can be interpreted as a statement that all humans deserve to be given equal respect, or that their interests deserve to be treated equally. Cosmopolitanism was initially thought to have been established by the Cynics (classical cosmopolitanism), then further interpreted and elucidated by the Stoics, and later polished and cultivated by the Enlightenment scholars (enlightenment cosmopolitanism). Cosmopolitanism is an analytical viewpoint that defends the concept of global citizenship. Global citizenship is most commonly associated with a “way of creating a personal identity,” along with various ideas about one’s moral responsibilities and political rights. It is also worth noting how within the domain of international ethics, cosmopolitanism is currently being presented as a stand-alone paradigm, apart from rival approaches including nationalism, social libreralism, and realism. However, the difficulty of distinguishing cosmopolitanism from these rivals becomes apparent, and there are those who think that such discerning lines create more confusion than clarity about the various disagreements within the field.
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Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Populism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Populist forces are increasingly relevant, and studies on populism have entered the mainstream of the political science discipline. However, no book has synthesized the ongoing debate on how to study the phenomenon. The main goal of this Handbook is to provide the state of the art of the scholarship on populism. The Handbook lays out not only the cumulated knowledge on populism, but also the ongoing discussions and research gaps on this topic. The Handbook is divided into four sections. The first presents the main conceptual approaches and points out how the phenomenon in question can be empirically analyzed. The second focuses on populist forces across the world with chapters on Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Central, Eastern, and Western Europe, East Asia, India, Latin America, the post-Soviet States, and the United States. The third reflects on the interaction between populism and various issues both from scholarly and political viewpoints. Analysis includes the relationship between populism and fascism, foreign policy, gender, nationalism, political parties, religion, social movements, and technocracy. The fourth part encompasses recent normative debates on populism, including chapters on populism and cosmopolitanism, constitutionalism, hegemony, the history of popular sovereignty, the idea of the people, and revolution. With each chapter written by an expert in their field, this Handbook will position the study of populism within political science and will be indispensable not only to those who turn to populism for the first time, but also to those who want to take their understanding of populism in new directions.
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Ågren, J. Arvid. The Gene's-Eye View of Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862260.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
To many evolutionary biologists, the central challenge of their discipline is to explain adaptation, the appearance of design in the living world. With the theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin elegantly showed how a purely mechanistic process can achieve this striking feature of nature. Since Darwin, the way many biologists think about evolution and natural selection is as a theory about individual organisms. Over a century later, a subtle but radical shift in perspective emerged with the gene’s-eye view of evolution in which natural selection was conceptualized as a struggle between genes for replication and transmission to the next generation. This viewpoint culminated with the publication of The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins (Oxford University Press, 1976) and is now commonly referred to as selfish gene thinking. The gene’s-eye view has subsequently played a central role in evolutionary biology, although it continues to attract controversy. The central aim of this accessible book is to show how the gene’s-eye view differs from the traditional organismal account of evolution, trace its historical origins, clarify typical misunderstandings and, by using examples from contemporary experimental work, show why so many evolutionary biologists still consider it an indispensable heuristic. The book concludes by discussing how selfish gene thinking fits into ongoing debates in evolutionary biology, and what they tell us about the future of the gene’s-eye view of evolution. The Gene’s-Eye View of Evolution is suitable for graduate-level students taking courses in evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. It will also appeal to a broader, interdisciplinary audience from the social sciences and humanities including philosophers and historians of science
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Tiwari, Sandip. Semiconductor Physics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759867.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
A graduate-level text, Semiconductor physics: Principles, theory and nanoscale covers the central topics of the field, together with advanced topics related to the nanoscale and to quantum confinement, and integrates the understanding of important attributes that go beyond the conventional solid-state and statistical expositions. Topics include the behavior of electrons, phonons and photons; the energy and entropic foundations; bandstructures and their calculation; the behavior at surfaces and interfaces, including those of heterostructures and their heterojunctions; deep and shallow point perturbations; scattering and transport, including mesoscale behavior, using the evolution and dynamics of classical and quantum ensembles from a probabilistic viewpoint; energy transformations; light-matter interactions; the role of causality; the connections between the quantum and the macroscale that lead to linear responses and Onsager relationships; fluctuations and their connections to dissipation, noise and other attributes; stress and strain effects in semiconductors; properties of high permittivity dielectrics; and remote interaction processes. The final chapter discusses the special consequences of the principles to the variety of properties (consequences of selection rules, for example) under quantum-confined conditions and in monolayer semiconductor systems. The text also bring together short appendices discussing transform theorems integral to this study, the nature of random processes, oscillator strength, A and B coefficients and other topics important for understanding semiconductor behavior. The text brings the study of semiconductor physics to the same level as that of the advanced texts of solid state by focusing exclusively on the equilibrium and off-equilibrium behaviors important in semiconductors.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Atomistic Spin Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this book is to provide a theoretical foundation and an understanding of atomistic spin-dynamics, and to give examples of where the atomistic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation can and should be used. The contents involve a description of density functional theory both from a fundamental viewpoint as well as a practical one, with several examples of how this theory can be used for the evaluation of ground state properties like spin and orbital moments, magnetic form-factors, magnetic anisotropy, Heisenberg exchange parameters, and the Gilbert damping parameter. This book also outlines how interatomic exchange interactions are relevant for the effective field used in the temporal evolution of atomistic spins. The equation of motion for atomistic spin-dynamics is derived starting from the quantum mechanical equation of motion of the spin-operator. It is shown that this lead to the atomistic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, provided a Born-Oppenheimer-like approximation is made, where the motion of atomic spins is considered slower than that of the electrons. It is also described how finite temperature effects may enter the theory of atomistic spin-dynamics, via Langevin dynamics. Details of the practical implementation of the resulting stochastic differential equation are provided, and several examples illustrating the accuracy and importance of this method are given. Examples are given of how atomistic spin-dynamics reproduce experimental data of magnon dispersion of bulk and thin-film systems, the damping parameter, the formation of skyrmionic states, all-thermal switching motion, and ultrafast magnetization measurements.
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Giunti, Marco. Computation, Dynamics, and Cognition. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090093.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Currently there is growing interest in the application of dynamical methods to the study of cognition. Computation, Dynamics, and Cognition investigates this convergence from a theoretical and philosophical perspective, generating a provocative new view of the aims and methods of cognitive science. Advancing the dynamical approach as the methodological frame best equipped to guide inquiry in the field's two main research programs--the symbolic and connectionist approaches--Marco Giunti engages a host of questions crucial not only to the science of cognition, but also to computation theory, dynamical systems theory, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science. In chapter one Giunti employs a dynamical viewpoint to explore foundational issues in computation theory. Using the concept of Turing computability, he precisely and originally defines the nature of a computational system, sharpening our understanding of computation theory and its applications. In chapter two he generalizes his definition of a computational system, arguing that the concept of Turing computability itself is relative to the kind of support on which Turing machine operate. Chapter three completes the book's conceptual foundation, discussing a form of scientific explanation for real dynamical systems that Giunti calls "Galilean explanation." The book's fourth and final chapter develops the methodological thesis that all cognitive systems are dynamical systems. On Giunti's view, a dynamical approach is likely to benefit even those scientific explanations of cognition which are based on symbolic models. Giunti concludes by proposing a new modeling practice for cognitive science, one based on "Galilean models" of cognitive systems. Innovative, lucidly-written, and broad-ranging in its analysis, Computation, Dynamics, and Cognition will interest philosophers of science and mind, as well as cognitive scientists, computer scientists, and theorists of dynamical systems. This book elaborates a comprehensive picture of the application of dynamical methods to the study of cognition. Giunti argues that both computational systems and connectionist networks are special types of dynamical systems. He shows how this dynamical approach can be applied to problems of cognition, information processing, consciousness, meaning, and the relation between body and mind.