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Journal articles on the topic 'Views on suicide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ross, Virginia, Anoop Sankaranarayanan, Terry J. Lewin, and Mick Hunter. "Mental health workers’ views about their suicide prevention role." Psychology, Community & Health 5, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/pch.v5i1.174.

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AimMental Health workers bear responsibility for preventing suicide in their client group. Survey studies have indicated that staff can be seriously adversely affected when a client suicides. The aim of the current study is to describe and evaluate the effects on mental health (MH) workers of their ongoing role in managing suicidal behaviours and to identify the thoughts and feelings associated with this role.MethodA survey was administered to 135 MH workers via an on-line self-report vehicle. The survey comprised standardised measures of anxiety and burnout as well as a questionnaire developed for this study concerning perceptions and attitudes to suicide and suicide prevention.ResultsFactor analysis of 12 retained items of the questionnaire identified three factors: 1) preventability beliefs (beliefs about suicide being always and/or permanently preventable); 2) associated distress (stress/anxiety about managing suicidal behaviour); and 3) the prevention role (covering views about personal roles and responsibilities in preventing suicidal behaviours). Analysis of these factors found that many MH workers experience an elevation of stress/anxiety in relation to their role in managing suicidal behaviours. This distress was associated with the emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Measures showed adverse responses were higher for outpatient than inpatient workers; for those who had received generic training in suicide prevention: and for those who had experienced a workplace related client suicide.ConclusionThere is a need for the development of appropriate self-care strategies to alleviate stress in MH workers exposed to suicide.

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2

O'Donnell, Ian, Richard Farmer, and José Catalán. "Explaining Suicide: The Views of Survivors of Serious Suicide Attempts." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 6 (June 1996): 780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.6.780.

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BackgroundThere is a dearth of information on the motivational aspects of serious suicide attempts, in particular those which involve violent methods. Clarification of the reasons which lie behind such acts may suggest appropriate preventive strategies.MethodInterviews were carried out with 20 individuals who had attempted suicide by jumping in front of a railway train. Demographic and psychiatric data were collected for each case and the Suicidal Intent Scale was administered.ResultsIn most cases the act had been impulsive and was characterised by an extremely high level of suicidal intent. The majority were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of their suicide attempt. In some cases, survival and the aftermath of the attempt appeared to have a beneficial effect on mental state.ConclusionsWhile high levels of psychiatric morbidity and high suicidal intent were common, impulsivity and improved mental state indicate that there are similarities between high and low suicide intent survivors.

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3

Youssef, Hanafy. "Durkheim's views on suicide." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 5 (May 1990): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s000712500017970x.

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4

Andoh-Arthur, Johnny, Birthe Loa Knizek, Joseph Osafo, and Heidi Hjelmeland. "Societal Reactions to Suicide in Ghana." Crisis 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000618.

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Abstract. Background: Condemnatory reactions toward suicide are prevalent in Africa, yet no study has examined how society reacts to suicides from the perspective of suicide-bereaved persons. Aims: This qualitative study explored societal reactions to suicides so as to further our understanding of the problem in Ghana. Method: Using a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed 45 close relations of 14 men who took their lives. Results: The reactions followed ontological questions of what suicide means (construing the act), its impact (consequences), why it happened and who to blame (attributions and allocation of responsibility), and how to remedy perceived damages (damage control). Limitations: Focusing on suicides of only men might have limited the range of societal reactions to suicide in general. Conclusion: Reparative and retributive societal reactions to suicides were influenced predominantly by views that suicide is an extraordinary moral evil in the setting. Increased culturally focused suicide education can improve people's understanding and enhance responsive suicide prevention and postvention.

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5

King, Stephen R., Walter R. Hampton, Bruce Bernstein, and Aric Schichor. "College Students' Views on Suicide." Journal of American College Health 44, no. 6 (May 1996): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1996.9936856.

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6

Jenkin, Gabrielle L. S., Ben E. Slim, and Sunny Collings. "News Media Coverage of Stakeholder Views on Suicide and Its Reporting in New Zealand." Crisis 41, no. 4 (July 2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000629.

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Abstract. Background: Periodically, a debate around suicide reporting becomes prominent in the media. At one point, the Chief Coroner of New Zealand made a public call to the media to open up discussions around suicide and its reporting. Following this action, a high-profile debate emerged in the media. Aims: Our aim was to identify the key players in this debate and examine their perspectives. Method: From a Factiva search of news items from high-circulation newspapers, we identified key stakeholders and documented their perspectives using a framing matrix. Results: Seven stakeholder groups were identified with coroners and health service providers dominant in the news. Framing around the issues varied. There was consensus among the majority of stakeholders supporting continued public health type coverage of the issue of suicide, but a number of differences in levels of support for the reporting individual suicides. Limitations: Although specific to New Zealand, the findings will be of interest to countries considering reporting restrictions. Conclusion: The debate around suicide and its reporting appears to have been obfuscated by the conflating of two different types of media reporting on suicide: news media coverage of suicide as a public health issue and the reporting of individual suicide cases.

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7

Osafo, Joseph, Charity S. Akotia, Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie, Johnny Andoh-Arthur, and Kofi E. Boakye. "Community leaders' attitudes towards and perceptions of suicide and suicide prevention in Ghana." Transcultural Psychiatry 56, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518824434.

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Community leaders can play an important role in suicide prevention because they are potential gatekeepers in resource-poor settings. To investigate their attitudes towards suicide and the role they play when people are in suicidal crisis, 10 community leaders were interviewed in a rural community in Ghana. Thematic Analysis of the interviews showed that leaders held two conflicting views about suicide: health crisis and moral taboo. They also viewed the reasons for suicide as psychosocial strains more than psychiatric factors. Though they viewed suicide as a moral taboo, they maintained a more neutral position in their gatekeeping role: providing support for persons in suicidal crisis more often than exerting a condemnatory attitude. Implications for gatekeeper training are discussed.

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8

Gnoth, Mareike, Heide Glaesmer, and Holger Steinberg. "The views of Wilhelm Griesinger (1817–68) on suicidality or ‘self-murder’." History of Psychiatry 29, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18793591.

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To date, little attention has been paid to the fact that a whole section in Wilhelm Griesinger’s textbook is devoted to suicidality. Griesinger perceived suicide as a distinct entity. In his opinion, only one-third of all suicides were committed by people suffering from mental disorders; heredity and brain anomalies could also be involved. Therapeutically, Griesinger recommended removing all potential means for suicide and admitting people at risk to a psychiatric hospital. Since his textbook was a standard work, his views reveal what young doctors could have learned about suicidality in German psychiatry of the second half of the nineteenth century.

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9

Akotia, Charity S., Joseph Osafo, Winifred Asare-Doku, and Kofi E. Boakye. "News Editors’ Views about Suicide and Suicide Stories in Ghana." Psychological Studies 65, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00511-4.

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10

Becker, Carl B. "Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia." Philosophy East and West 40, no. 4 (October 1990): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399357.

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11

Lakeman, Richard, and Mary FitzGerald. "The Ethics of Suicide Research." Crisis 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.1.13.

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Background. Good quality, ethically sound research is needed in order to better understand, appropriately respond to, and reduce the incidence of suicide. There is, however, a lack of clarity around the nature of ethical problems associated with suicide research and how to resolve them. This is a formidable challenge for ethics committee members in approving and monitoring research. Aims. To describe the views that members of health research ethics committee hold regarding ethical problems and ethical practice in research involving people who are, or who have, been suicidal. Methods. Ethics committee members were invited to complete an online survey addressing the risks, benefits, and ethical problems associated with suicide research. Findings were aggregated into themes using an inductive form of content analysis. Results. Concerns of ethics committees centered on accessing the population, potential harm to participants or the researcher, researcher competency, maintaining confidentiality, providing support to participants, and responding sensitively to the needs of family. Conclusions. Ethical research involving suicidal people requires both procedures to protect participants, and consideration of ethics as an ongoing negotiated process. The findings of this research provide a snapshot of views held by a number of ethics committee members.

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12

Yu.O., Demianenko, and Mykhailenko O.O. "Analysis of suicide behavior causes in context of psychoanalytical theory." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences 2020, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2020.02.070.

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The article examines the views of scientists on the causes of suicide and suicidal behavior in the psychoanalytic tradition context. The research presents a retrospective vision of psychoanalysts of the suicide phenomenon. Based on the theoretical analysis, the authors try to generalize the understanding of the causes and motives of suicidal behavior in psychoanalytic theory. The desire to solve certain life problems motivates people to overcome their inferiority. The article raises issues related to the psychodynamic understanding of the mechanisms of suicidal decision, through the struggle of the instincts of Eros (instinct of life) and Thanatos (instinct of death), the struggle of “I” with the “Super- I”, or through the unconscious metaphorical desire to return to the womb, symbolic acceleration degeneration. There is no unity in the issue of suicide; representatives of different scientific fields, followers of many psychological schools consider it from different angles. Some individuals fail to do so; they begin to feel the need to destroy others. The desire to solve certain life problems motivates people to overcome their inferiority. But if some individuals fail to do so, they begin to feel the need to destroy others. Suicide in this context becomes a covert attack on other people. Through self-destruction, a person seeks to evoke compassion for himself and condemnation of those responsible for his low self-esteem. Psychoanalytic approach primarily tries to explain the phenomenon of suicide by internal unconscious processes, the struggle of “Me” with “Super-Me”. Considering the psychoanalysts’ views, it is concluded that suicide in the psychoanalytic concept is primarily seen as an internal urge arising in the psyche and over time is stimulated by external factors, the struggle between instincts of self-preservation and self-destruction is at the heart of the process. Based on the theoretical analysis, the authors try to generalize the understanding of the causes and motives of suicidal behavior in psychoanalytic theory. Based on the views of psychoanalysts, it is concluded that suicide in the psychoanalytic concept is primarily seen as an internal motivation that arises in the psyche and over time is stimulated by external factors, at the heart of this process is the struggle between instincts and self-destruction. Thus, the authors conclude that the psychoanalytic approach, which considers suicide as an act of self-destructive tendencies of the individual, autoaggressive behavior, which is an unconscious way to punish himself and tries to explain the phenomenon of suicide, primarily internal unconscious processes, struggle “I” and “Super-I”. Key words: psychoanalysis, suicide, suicidal behavior, autoaggression.

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13

Berrios, G. E., and M. Mohanna. "Durkheim and French Psychiatric Views on Suicide During the 19th Century." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.1.1.

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One of the targets of Durkheim's criticism, in his masterly book Le Suicide (1897), is the view upheld (according to him) by all 19th-century French alienists that suicide was, in all cases, a form of madness (henceforth, the ‘absolutist’ or ‘psychiatric’ hypothesis). Durkheim's view is important, particularly among sociologists, and lest they, and other readers, are led uncritically to accept his version of 19th-century French psychiatric views on suicide, it would seem important to put the historical record straight. The relevant literature is vast, and only representative writers are included in this paper. It is not the purpose of this paper to deal, in any way, with Durkheim's sociological views. (This is being done by Mohanna & Berrios (1990)).

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14

Cudak, Sławomir. "Suicide Attempts and Suicides in the Views of People Subject to Imprisonment." Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47459/jssi.2021.11.24.

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15

Razzaghizadeh, Sakineh, and Mohammad Reza Aram. "Critique of Ethan Kohlberg's Views on the Martyrdom of Early Muslims." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 7 (September 1, 2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i7.1918.

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The special place of martyrdom in Islam has caused researchers to pay attention to this issue; The issue of martyrdom in Islam has also attracted the attention of Orientalists. Ethan Kohlberg is one of the Islamologists who has dealt with the subject of martyrdom in his research. Medieval Muslim Views on Martyrdom (Medieval Muslim views on martyrdom) He concludes that the concept of martyrdom in Islam is to give up life and seek an opportunity to reach death. In another part of the article, Kohlberg discusses the relationship between suicide and martyrdom, and challenges the issue of boycotting suicide in Islam and its ugliness. He believes that attacking the enemy is a form of suicide. Arguing against historical narrations, he considers suicide permissible in Islam. In this study, after briefly introducing the concepts of martyrdom and suicide in Islamic verses and hadiths, in the content critique section, to express and explain the citations of this Orientalist about his views on martyrdom, the ruling on suicide in Islam, and that martyrdom seeks suicide. We will pay and the inaccuracy of his views will be revealed.

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16

Sanders, Sara, Laura Ting, James Power, and Jodi Jacobson. "Social Workers' Views of No Suicide Contracts." Social Work in Mental Health 4, no. 4 (November 15, 2006): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j200v04n04_04.

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17

Eagles, John M., Dawn P. Carson, Annabel Begg, and Simon A. Naji. "Suicide prevention: A study of patients' views." British Journal of Psychiatry 182, no. 3 (March 2003): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.3.261.

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BackgroundSuicide prevention strategies are usually formulated without seeking the views of people with psychiatric illnesses.AimsTo establish what helped patients with severe psychiatric illness when they felt suicidal.MethodA semi-structured interview was constructed following transcribed interviews with 12 patients. This was administered to 59 out-patients with serious and enduring mental illness, focusing on factors they found helpful or unhelpful when at their most despairing.ResultsThree-quarters of patients were in contact with psychiatric services when feeling at their lowest, and this contact was generally deemed to be helpful. Social networks were considered just as helpful as psychiatric services by the half of patients who discussed their feelings with friends or relatives. Religious beliefs and affiliations were helpful. Negative influences included the media and the stigma of psychiatric illness.ConclusionsEfforts at suicide prevention might usefully focus on enhancing patients' social networks, increasing the likelihood of early contact with psychiatric services and decreasing the stigma attached to psychiatric illness. Larger studies of patients exposed to different service models would be informative.

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18

Phillips, Pat. "Views of Assisted Suicide From Several Nations." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 12 (September 24, 1997): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550120027009.

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19

Phillips, P. "Views of assisted suicide from several nations." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 12 (September 24, 1997): 969–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.278.12.969.

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20

Baume, Pierre. "Suicide in Australia: Do We Really Have A Problem?" Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 13, no. 2 (November 1996): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027498.

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AbstractIn 1995, 2367 Australians lost their lives through suicide, and up to 100 times this number may attempt each year: Suicide has now become a major public health problem in Australia, which has seen the suicide rates in young males quadruple over the last 35 years or so. An analysis of current research on suicide and suicidal behaviour exploring possible causes and crosscultural issues, is discussed. As well, an extended definition of suicide as an intentional death and its antecedents provides the foundation for a discourse on the views now held by our corntemporary society. The paper argues that suicide not only is one of the most extreme consequences of personal psychosocial distress but also is often also an indicator of previous life events and environmental factors that potentiates for personal vulnerabilities.

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Clements, Ben. "An Assessment of Long-Term and Contemporary Attitudes towards ‘Sanctity of Life’ Issues amongst Roman Catholics in Britain." Journal of Religion in Europe 7, no. 3-4 (December 4, 2014): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00704005.

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The Roman Catholic Church has long-standing and steadfast positions on ‘sanctity of life’ issues. This article examines the views of Catholics in Britain on two of these issues: assisted suicide and abortion. It looks at whether Catholics still retain distinctive views on these issues compared to wider society and then examines which socio-demographic and religious factors underpin their attitudes. Catholics tend to be more likely than the general population to oppose assisted suicide and abortion in particular circumstances and to view them as less morally justifiable. Amongst Catholics, socially-conservative views on these issues are associated with various socio-demographic factors and both believing and behaving aspects of religiosity.

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22

Rozanov, Vsevolod A., Natalia V. Semenova, Aleksandr Ja Vuks, Victoria V. Freize, Vladimir D. Isakov, Orazmurad D. Yagmurov, and Nikolay G. Neznanov. "Suicides in the COVID-19 Pandemic — Are We Well Informed Regarding Current Risks and Future Prospects?" Consortium Psychiatricum 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/cp56.

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Background. Suicides are predicted to drop in the acute phase of any crisis that poses a threat to the entire population, though data on this are inconsistent. A pandemic is the most severe global crisis one can imagine. There is an urgent need to identify objective trends in suicide rates across countries and populations in a real-time manner in order to be better informed regarding prospects and adaptation of preventive strategies. Objectives. To evaluate suicidal behaviour in a metropolis immediately after the introduction of severe containment measures due to the pandemic. Methods. Cases of completed suicides in St. Petersburg were obtained from the local city Bureau of Forensic Medical Examinations for the period 1 January 2016 to 31 July 2020. Data were accurately collected and monthly frequencies per 100,000 of the population in April-May 2020 (introduction of the most severe stay at home measures) were compared with corresponding data from 2016-2019. Confidence intervals were calculated according to Wilson. Results. Suicide frequencies in the population of St. Petersburg in April 2020 did not go up, in contrast, they were 30.3% lower than the average for the previous four years. The decrease in April was more pronounced in males than in females (36.3% and12.4%, respectively). When looking at age groups it was found that the biggest drop in suicides was in older males ( 55 years). In this group, suicide indices were 58.5% lower than average for the previous four years. However, in females, there was a 50% rise in suicides in June, while in young males (15-34 years) there was an 87.9% rise in May. Total number of suicides for the first half of 2020 was very close to the average seen in previous years. None of the registered changes were statistically significant. Conclusions. The analysis is preliminary and does not account for possible seasonality, however, we consider that the reduction in completed suicides immediately after crisis exposure deserves attention. It supports views that in the acute phase of the crisis, suicidal behaviour may decline, which may be quickly replaced by a rise. Such a rise in females and younger males points on possible risk groups and requires a response from society. More studies are needed to have a clearer picture of suicide dynamics in Russia during the different waves of the pandemic, and prevention should be prioritized regardless of the tendencies.

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23

Robinson, Jo, Jane Pirkis, Karolina Krysinska, Sara Niner, Anthony F. Jorm, Michael Dudley, Emily Schindeler, Diego De Leo, and Susy Harrigan. "Research Priorities in Suicide Prevention in Australia." Crisis 29, no. 4 (July 2008): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.4.180.

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This project sought to inform priority setting in Australian suicide prevention research, by empirically examining existing priorities and by seeking stakeholders views on where future priorities might lie. Existing priorities were examined via reviews of Australian literature published and grants funded during the life of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy (1999–2006). Stakeholders views of future priorities were elicited via a questionnaire administered to 11 groups comprising 231 individuals with an interest in suicide prevention. The study identified 263 journal articles and 36 grants. The journal articles most commonly reported on studies of descriptive epidemiology, while the grants tended to fund intervention studies. Both gave roughly equal weight to completed and attempted suicide, and gave little emphasis to studies of suicide methods. Young people were the most frequently-researched target group, with people with mental health problems and people who had attempted suicide or deliberately self-harmed also receiving attention. Stakeholders indicated that emphasis should be given to intervention studies, and that completed suicide and attempted suicide are both important. In terms of suicide method, they felt the focus should be on poisoning by drugs and hanging. They had mixed views about the target groups that should be afforded priority, although young people and people with mental health problems were frequently ranked highly. This paper presents a picture of the current focus with regard to suicide prevention research, identifying some areas where there are clear gaps and others where relatively greater efforts have been made. By combining this information with stakeholders views of where future priorities should lie, the paper provides some guidance as to the shape a future suicide prevention research agenda for Australia should take. A strategic approach to suicide prevention research will help fill internationally-identified gaps in knowledge about what works and what doesnt work in suicide prevention.

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24

Michaud, Laurent, Yves Dorogi, Sophie Gilbert, and Céline Bourquin. "Patient perspectives on an intervention after suicide attempt: The need for patient centred and individualized care." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247393.

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Background Many types of intervention exist for suicide attempters, but they tend not to sufficiently consider patient’s views. Aim To identify useful components of a previously evaluated intervention after a suicide attempt from the patient’s views and to better understand the process of recovery. Method Forty-one interviews with suicide attempters were qualitatively analysed. Views of participants (i) on the components of the intervention (nurse case-management, joint crisis plan, meetings with relatives/network and follow-up calls) and (ii) their recovery were explored. The material was analysed by means of thematic analysis with a deductive-inductive approach. Results Participants valued the human and professional qualities of the nurse case-manager, and appreciated follow-up calls and meetings. However, their views diverged regarding for instance frequency of phone calls, or disclosing information or lack thereof. Interpersonal relationship, suicide attempters’ own resources and life changes emerged as core recovery factors. Discussion The study highlights the figure of an engaged clinician, with both professional and human commitment, aware that some suicide attempters put more emphasis on their own resources than on delivered health care. Conclusions Interventions should consider the clinician as the cornerstone of the tailored care valued by suicide attempters.

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25

Hunter, Ernest M. "Aboriginal Suicides in Custody: A View from the Kimberley." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (September 1988): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161208.

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Aboriginal deaths in custody have become an issue of national concern and international attention. Amongst those dying are an increasing number who commit suicide. In the heated and tense arena of this politicized debate there are many views but little to back them up. The author examines the international literature on deaths in custody, draws from work on Aboriginal suicide in the Kimberley, including two suicides in police custody, and reports the finding of a survey of 100 prisoners conducted in the police cells in Broome. With the final report of the Muirhead Royal Commission several years away, it is imperative that all sources of information be examined to guide policy changes in the present.

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Barnes, Donna Holland, Denise Pazur, and David Lester. "Parents' Views of Their Child's Death by Suicide." Illness, Crisis & Loss 22, no. 3 (July 2014): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/il.22.3.b.

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27

Lee, Melinda A., Heidi D. Nelson, Virginia P. Tilden, Linda Ganzini, Terri A. Schmidt, and Susan W. Tolle. "Legalizing Assisted Suicide — Views of Physicians in Oregon." New England Journal of Medicine 334, no. 5 (February 1996): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199602013340507.

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28

Heikkinen, M., H. Aro, and J. Lönnqvist. "The partners' views on precipitant stressors in suicide." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 85, no. 5 (May 1992): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb10323.x.

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29

Chilstrom, Corinne. "Suicide and Pastoral Care." Journal of Pastoral Care 43, no. 3 (September 1989): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234098904300302.

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Reflects on the many dimensions of suicide, drawing especially on the author's personal experience as the mother of an 18-year old son who committed suicide. Notes the stigma of suicide, the various types and reasons for suicide, and the variety of reactions of suicide survivors. Views surviving the suicide of a loved one as an instance of compounded grief and as a root experience requiring wise and sensitive pastoral care.

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30

Mozaffor, M., ASM Nurunnabi, and S. Shahriah. "Ethical Issues in Suicide Research." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 9, no. 1 (September 18, 2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v9i1.31307.

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Introduction: Quality research is needed in order to better understand, appropriately respond to, and reduce the incidence of suicide, which must be ethically sound as well. However, in South Asian region, there is a lack of knowledge and clarity around the nature of ethical problems related to suicide research and how to resolve them. This review work aims to describe the possible ethical problems and how to ensure ethical practice in different types of suicide research, especially involving groups of people who are or who have been suicidal. Material And Method: This review was prepared through an extensive searching of published articles in 3 databases - Google, HINARI and PubMed. However, some institutional guidelines were also taken into considerations. Key words used for searching were ‘suicide’, ‘suicidal’, ‘ethics’, ‘ethical issues’ and ‘ethical research’. A total of 18 journal articles and 3 guidelines were finally selected for this review. Results: Major concerns or ethical issues are accessing the population, potential harm to participants or the researcher, researchers’ competency, securing trust and confidence, maintaining confidentiality, providing support to the participants, and responding sensitively to the needs of the family involved. Conclusion: Ethical research on suicide, especially involving people with suicidal ideation requires both procedures to protect the study participants, and consideration of ethical dilemmas (before, during and after research) as an ongoing negotiated process. The findings of this research provide a collection and compilation of views held by number of researchers, bioethicists, ethics committee members as well as institutions.

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31

Wedlake, Grace. "Complicating Theory through Practice: Affirming the Right to Die for Suicidal People." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 9, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v9i4.670.

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Currently, suicidality is inadequately engaged with in suicide prevention methods. The key focus is on preventing people from dying, rather than validating suicidal ideation as a legitimate experience. As Alexandre Baril (2017; 2018; 2002) argues, in this refusal to validate suicidality, suicidal people are subjected to suicidism – a term Baril coined to describe the oppression suicidal people face which silences them and views their desire to die as illegitimate. Baril (2017) argues for a harm reduction approach to suicide which not only recognizes the validity of suicidality, but also supports suicidal people should they choose to die. In this paper, I seek to highlight Baril’s argument on affirming the choices of suicidal people through an engagement with three of his ideas: epistemic violence, biopower, and the injunction to happiness. While I agree with Baril’s harm reduction approach to suicide, I also contend that his argument becomes more complex when shifting from theory to practice. Therefore, alongside Baril’s work, I highlight the work of Kai Cheng Thom, who recognizes that failing to fight for suicidal people is equally as ableist as failing to listen to them.

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Tadros, George, Mona Y. Rakhawy, Aref Khoweiled, Ahmed Mahmoud El-Houssini, and Farooq Khan. "Perception of physician-assisted suicide among Egyptian psychiatrists: cultural perspective." Psychiatrist 35, no. 1 (January 2011): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.030411.

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Aims and methodTo explore the views of Egyptian psychiatrists on physician-assisted suicide, focusing on demographical, spiritual, legal and clinical domains. We surveyed the views of psychiatrists in four Egyptian counties using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert response scale.ResultsA total of 160 psychiatrists completed the questionnaire (response rate 82%). Of these, 50% described the influence of their religious beliefs on their medical practice as very strong/strong and 12.5% as weak/nil. The majority (75%) said they would disagree or strongly disagree with supporting physician-assisted suicide for a terminally ill patient; a similar proportion (76%) were against passive euthanasia. The majority (77%) felt that physician-assisted suicide was against their religious beliefs; there was no significant difference between Muslims and Christians. The majority (82.4%) believed that physician-assisted suicide could/will be abused.Clinical implicationsCareful consideration should be given to the safeguarding of psychiatric patients if physician-assisted suicide is legalised. Future studies on the views of clinicians should explore the influence of cultural differences rather than religious beliefs.

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Marzano, Lisa, Mark Smith, Matthew Long, Charlotte Kisby, and Keith Hawton. "Police and Suicide Prevention." Crisis 37, no. 3 (May 2016): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000381.

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Abstract. Background: Police officers are frequently the first responders to individuals in crisis, but generally receive little training for this role. We developed and evaluated training in suicide awareness and prevention for frontline rail police in the UK. Aims: To investigate the impact of training on officers’ suicide prevention attitudes, confidence, and knowledge. Method: Fifty-three participants completed a brief questionnaire before and after undertaking training. In addition, two focus groups were conducted with 10 officers to explore in greater depth their views and experiences of the training program and the perceived impact on practice. Results: Baseline levels of suicide prevention attitudes, confidence, and knowledge were mixed but mostly positive and improved significantly after training. Such improvements were seemingly maintained over time, but there was insufficient power to test this statistically. Feedback on the course was generally excellent, notwithstanding some criticisms and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: Training in suicide prevention appears to have been well received and to have had a beneficial impact on officers’ attitudes, confidence, and knowledge. Further research is needed to assess its longer-term effects on police attitudes, skills, and interactions with suicidal individuals, and to establish its relative effectiveness in the context of multilevel interventions.

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Кримець, Л. В. "Social and philosophical views on the problem of suicide." Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy, no. 69 (May 22, 2017): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30839/2072-7941.2017.102118.

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Schepp, Karen Gulseth, and Lana Biocca. "Adolescent suicide: Views of adolescents, parents, and school personnel." Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 5, no. 2 (April 1991): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(05)80017-2.

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Hanlon, T. R. G. "British community pharmacists' views of physician-assisted suicide (PAS)." Journal of Medical Ethics 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.5.363.

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Skogman, Katarina, and Agneta Öjehagen. "Motives for Suicide Attempts--the Views of the Patients." Archives of Suicide Research 7, no. 3 (July 2003): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110301558.

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Skogman, Katarina, and Agneta Öjehagen. "Problems of Importance for Suicide Attempts--the Patients' Views." Archives of Suicide Research 7, no. 3 (July 2003): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110301562.

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Pfister, Eliane, and Nikola Biller-Andorno. "Physician-Assisted Suicide: Views of Swiss Health Care Professionals." Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 7, no. 3 (July 6, 2010): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11673-010-9246-2.

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Wang, Ding, Yu Ting Wang, and Xue Ya Wang. "Suicide in Three Ethnic Groups in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia." Crisis 18, no. 3 (May 1997): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.18.3.112.

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Suicide was examined in three ethnic groups in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, for the period 1986-1991. The influence of the different cultures on suicide was studied. The Han have the most tolerant views toward suicide and were found also to have the highest suicide rate. The Hui follow Islam, which condemns suicide, and were found to have the lowest suicide rate. The Meng expect to suffer in life and are thus not prone to suicide, though as they move to the cities and become more educated, they tend to adopt Han cultural values so that their suicide rate is now moderately high.

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Paszkiewicz, Anna. "Suicidia w twórczości Gajto Gazdanowa." Slavica Wratislaviensia 167 (December 21, 2018): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.167.27.

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Suicide in Gaito Gazdanov’s fictionGaito Gazdanov, who was a representative of the young generation of Russian first-wave émigré writers, in his fiction shows particular interest in thanatology, especially suicides. Nikolai Berdyaev and Lev Shestov were recognized theoreticians in this field. In his short stories The Great Musician and Iron Lord Gazdanov argues with Berdyaev’s ideas. Conversely, Black Swan corresponds with Shestov’s views that suicide is a positive act and recalls the archetype depicting suicide as a journey into another, better life.Суицид в творчестве Гайто ГаздановаГайто Газданова, писателя молодого поколения русских эмигрантов первой волны, отличает особенная заинтересованность проблемами танаталогии, в том числе суицидами. Известными теоретиками в этой области были Николай Бердяев и Лев Шестов. Гайто Газданов в рассказе Великий музыкант и особенно в рассказе Железный лорд полемизирует с концепциями Н. Бердяева. В свою очередь рассказ Чёрные лебеди перекликается со взглядами Льва Шестова, согласно которому самоубийство является положительным актом и напоминает архетип, представляющий самоубийство как путешествие в иную, лучшую жизнь.

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James, Karen, and Duncan Stewart. "Blurred Boundaries – A Qualitative Study of How Acts of Self-Harm and Attempted Suicide Are Defined by Mental Health Practitioners." Crisis 39, no. 4 (July 2018): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000491.

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Abstract. Background: There is no commonly accepted definition of the term self-harm, and there is an ongoing debate about whether or not it should include acts of attempted suicide. The use of this language in clinical practice has not previously been explored. Aims: To investigate if, and how, practitioners distinguish between acts of self-harm and attempted suicide, and present any implications for practice. Method: We conducted semistructured interviews with a random sample of 18 frontline practitioners from 10 mental health wards and completed a thematic analysis of interview data. Results: Most participants described self-harm and attempted suicide as distinct behaviors. Characteristics of the act, disclosures of intent, and the level of distress observed were commonly used to differentiate between self-harm and attempted suicide. Very few participants believed that people who self-harm may also feel suicidal. Practitioners confidently described two different behaviors, yet self-harm and attempted suicide were often conflated, revealing the challenges and complexities associated with the separation of these acts in clinical practice. Limitations: Clinicians working in other settings or disciplines may have different views. Participants' accounts may not be an accurate representation of what happens in practice. Conclusion: This study adds to a body of evidence which argues against the dichotomous separation of these behaviors into acts of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harm.Our findings suggest there is no common understanding of the boundaries between self-harm and attempted suicide among frontline clinicians. The language currently used, and consequent practice, particularly with regard to risk assessment, is problematic. Efforts should be made to operationalize terms around suicidal behavior and to incorporate these into training for clinical staff.

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Knizek, Birthe Loa, Heidi Hjelmeland, Paulius Skruibis, Reinhold Fartacek, Sandor Fekete, Danute Gailiene, Peter Osvath, Ellinor Salander Renberg, and Rudolf R. Rohrer. "County Council Politicians Attitudes Toward Suicide and Suicide Prevention." Crisis 29, no. 3 (May 2008): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.3.123.

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The purpose of the present study was to compare county council politicians attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention in five European countries. A questionnaire was distributed and here the responses to the open-ended questions are analyzed qualitatively. Considerable differences were found in what the politicians in the five countries believed to be the most important causes of suicide and how suicide can be prevented. There were also differences in to what degree the politicians revealed a judgmental attitude toward suicide, which seemed to be related to the magnitude of the problem in the respective countries. A certain implicit inconsistency in the logic directing the politicians responses was found when their views on causes to suicide and suicide prevention strategies were compared. The responses indicate a need for increased consciousness and knowledge about suicide and suicide prevention among politicians in all the five countries. This is important since they are responsible for initiating and funding suicide preventive efforts.

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Muñoz-Sánchez, Juan-Luis, María Sánchez-Gómez, María Martín-Cilleros, Esther Parra-Vidales, Diego de Leo, and Manuel Franco-Martín. "Addressing Suicide Risk According to Different Healthcare Professionals in Spain: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102117.

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This study analyzes the views of four groups of healthcare professionals who may play a role in the management of suicidal behavior. The goal was to identify key factors for suicide prevention in different areas of the healthcare system. Qualitative research was conducted using focus groups made up of different healthcare professionals who participated in the identification, management, and prevention of suicidal behavior. Professionals included were primary care physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and emergency physicians. ‘Suicide’ was amongst the most relevant terms that came up in discussions most of the times it appeared associated with words such as ‘risk’, danger’, or ‘harm’. In the analysis by categories, the four groups of professionals agreed that interventions in at-risk behaviors are first in importance. Prevention was the second main concern with greater significance among psychiatrists. Primary care professionals call for more time to address patients at risk for suicide and easier access to and communication with the mental health network. Emergency care professionals have a lack of awareness of their role in the detection of risk for suicide in patients who seek attention at emergency care facilities for reasons of general somatic issues. Mental health care professionals are in high demand in cases of self-harm, but they would like to receive specific training in dealing with suicidal behavior.

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Brennan, Ciara, and Sinéad McGilloway. "Suicide ideation, psychological adjustment and mental health service support: A screening study in an Irish secondary school sample." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 29, no. 1 (2012): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700017614.

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AbstractObjective: The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent of suicide ideation, psychological maladjustment and views of mental health service support in a sample of secondary school pupils.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a purposive sample of participants (n=93) recruited from a secondary school located in the south east of Ireland. Participants completed a Background Information Questionnaire (BIQ); the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ); and the Reynolds Adolescence Adjustment Screening Inventory (RAASI).Results: Approximately ten percent of participants displayed high levels of suicide ideation whilst one third reported having previously had suicidal thoughts; one quarter reported psychological adjustment difficulties, although these varied by age and sex. Participants' drug use and their levels of parental closeness were both individual factors that significantly predicted both suicide ideation and psychological adjustment. Females reported higher levels of parental closeness than males. Forty percent of respondents rated mental health support services as insufficient to meet their needs.Conclusion: The findings raise serious concerns about the extent of suicidal thoughts amongst young people in Ireland; they also highlight a potentially important role for parents in this regard. Further research should ascertain national prevalence rates whilst appropriate school-based mental health education/promotion and support services should also be implemented.

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Mandel, David R. "Suicide terrorism, moral relativism, and the situationist narrative." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003440.

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AbstractLankford challenges two popular views of suicide terrorists: first, that they are psychologically normal and, second, that they are heroic, not unlike professional soldiers. I augment Lankford's critique by tracing these views to a simplistic situationist narrative and to a careless form of moral relativism to which many scholars adhere. Conceptual weaknesses of these positions are briefly discussed.

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Nugroho, Irwan Budi. "Euthanasia dan Bunuh Diri Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam Dan Hukum yang Berlaku di Indonesia." Ngabari: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial 13, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51772/njsis.v13i2.60.

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This study aims to determine the causes of people committing euthanasia and suicide, knowing the Islamic legal view of euthanasia and suicide, and knowing the legal views in Indonesia regarding euthanasia and suicide. The literature study method was used in this research. After conducting the discussion, the researchers found: 1) The causes of euthanasia include: insufficient economic factors, drug prices and medical treatment costs that are too expensive and unreachable, diseases convicted of being incurable by the medical team, consideration of hospital rooms, health workers, and hospital equipment deemed usable another patient, a sense of humanity, a consideration of deserving death rather than a life of torment, and a desire to lighten the burden of the sick. 2) Personal egoism, the desire to defend others, the urge to defend certain groups, the burden of life, and burdensome regulations can cause a person to commit suicide. 3) In essence, both Islamic law and Indonesian law prohibit euthanasia and suicide.

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Stillion, Judith M., and Bethany D. Stillion. "Attitudes Toward Suicide: Past, Present and Future." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 38, no. 2 (March 1999): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0t85-b3h5-jg6t-qfxg.

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This article maintains that it is important to understand how any given society views the act of suicide. It traces the forces that have shaped attitudes toward suicide in the Western world, documenting the change from viewing suicide as a sin to viewing it as a mental health problem. It also discusses recent methods of assessing attitudes toward suicide, including both normed and non-normed approaches. Finally, it calls for new types of research in the area of attitudes toward suicide that will permit finer-grained analyses of this most complex human behavior.

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KOSLOFSKY, CRAIG. "Suicide and the secularization of the body in early modern Saxony." Continuity and Change 16, no. 1 (May 2001): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600100371x.

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A jurisdictional dispute over the burial of suicides in Electoral Saxony in the years 1702–1706 brought into sharp contrast conflicting views of the body in popular belief and Lutheran pastoral theology, and in the secularizing project of the early Enlightenment. The dispute centred on the practical, local implications of territorialism, a theory of church subordination to the state developed in the 1690s by the Saxon jurist Christian Thomasius (1655–1728), the most influential German political philosopher of the early Enlightenment. Considered in its intellectual and institutional contexts, the Saxon dispute illustrates the importance of the body to an understanding of secularization, the early Enlightenment and the history of suicide.

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Goy, Elizabeth R., Bryant Carlson, Nicole Simopoulos, Ann Jackson, and Linda Ganzini. "Determinants of Oregon Hospice Chaplains’ Views on Physician-Assisted Suicide." Journal of Palliative Care 22, no. 2 (June 2006): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585970602200204.

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