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Alshehri, Mohammed S. H. "A critical study of western views on Hadith with special reference to the views of James Robson and John Burton." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1671/.
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The present thesis is a critical examination of the two well-known post-Schachtian scholars of Hadith; James Robson and John Burton. Both scholars are major contributors to modern Hadith studies in the West. It assesses their main arguments and their methodological approaches to Hadith literature. It also provides a historical survey of the key arguments and works of their predecessors since the rise of the modern Western debates over the reliability of Hadith materials. This critical study points to the conclusion that Robson and Burton were heavily influenced by the sceptical attitude of Ignaz Goldziher and Joseph Schacht towards the historicity of Hadith. However, Robson is inclined to accept some aspects of the Muslim traditional view regarding the genesis of Hadith and its isnad system (chain of transmitters). Burton, on the other hand, expresses a sceptical stance towards the historicity of Hadith and argues that the development of Hadith originated from the exegesis of the Qur’an, having no historical basis in the teachings of Prophet Muhammad.
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Sharābī, Kamāl al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ghanī al-Mursī. "Asānīd al-Ḥadīth al-Nabawī fī ḍawʼ nuẓum al-maʻlūmāt al-muʻāṣirah." [Alexandria, Egypt] : Dār al-Maʻrifah al-Jāmiʻīyah, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=CN-7AAAAIAAJ.
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Ibn, al-ʻIrāqī Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥīm Barr ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd. "Kitāb al-Mustafād min mubhamāt al-matn wa-al-isnād." al-Manṣūrah : Dār al-Wafāʼ lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=U1AxAAAAMAAJ.
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Ghani, Usman. "Abu Hurayra : a narrator of Hadith revisited." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4362.
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The task of preserving the Hadith was undertaken, according to the classical Muslim view, by the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad and, thereafter, the Tabicun (Successors), and then from generation to generation. Thus, we find this great amount of Hadith in front of us today. From amongst these Hadith we find as it is alleged a great proportion narrated by the Companion Abu Hurayra (d.57/58/59AH/681/682/683CE). He has narrated various kinds of narration, from those on creed to those on the ethics of Islam. However, his narrations have been looked upon with certain scepticism and criticism, as has his own personality, in both Classical Hadith scholarship and Modern Hadith scholarship. This research, entitled: ‘Abu Hurayra’ a Narrator of Hadith Revisited: An Examination into the Dichotomous Representations of an Important Figure in Hadith with special reference to Classical Islamic modes of Criticism, will discuss specifically Abu Hurayra the Companion of the Prophet Muhammad and his alleged status as a prolific narrator of the Hadith. The aim of this study is to highlight how Abu Hurayra is depicted and perceived by both Classical Hadith Scholarship and Modern Hadith Scholarship. Furthermore, the central argument of this thesis is that the charge of Abu Hurayra being a Mukthir (a prolifically active narrator who embellished his reports) is unfair for the simple reason that those traditions he uniquely transmits are rather small in number. Most of the other traditions with which his name is associated have concomitant and parallel isnads (Chains of Narration). This study therefore sets out to critically examine and analyse the life and narrations of Abu Hurayra in view of the academic debates on the wider issues of the authenticity of the sources and how they affect the arguments put forward by this research.
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Ḥasan, Ḥusayn al-Ḥājj. "Naqd al-Ḥadīth fī ʻilm al-riwāyah wa-ʻilm al-dirāyah." Bayrūt, Lubnān : Muʼassasat al-Wafāʼ, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16929382.html.
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Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá Muṣṭafá Ḥamzah Dīb. "ʻIlal al-Tirmidhī al-kabīr." ʻAmmān, al-Urdun : Maktabat al-Aqṣá, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34545156.html.
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Ibn, Saʻd Muḥammad Salmī Muḥammad ibn Ṣāmil al-ʻAlyānī. "al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrá." al-Ṭāʼif : Maktabat al-Ṣiddīq, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=kW8xAAAAMAAJ.
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Dāraquṭnī, ʻAlī ibn ʻUmar Ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir Muwaffaq ibn ʻAbd Allāh. "al-Muʼtalif wa-al-mukhtalif." Bayrūt, Lubnān : Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19226313.html.
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Maloush, T. A. H. "Early Hadith literature & theory of Ignaz Goldshir." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492536.
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This thesis focuses on the study and analysis of three main issues: 1. The role of the Qur'an in the establishment of the Sunnah, and the affirmation of its status and the importance of acting in accordance with it. 2. The role of the Prophet in the propagation and preservation of the Sunnah. 3. The main evidence that is cited by Goldziher in support of his theory of the fabrication of Hadlth during the Umayyad period. The thesis consists of an introduction, two parts and a conclusion. The introduction describes the motivation for choosing the above issues as the subject of the research and demonstrates the method followed. Part One deals with the role of the Qur'an and the Prophet in relation to the Sunnah and contains two chapters. In Chapter 1, attention is given to two issues: The clarification of the Qur'än's urgent requirement for the Sunnah from the revelation of the first verses onwards; and an examination of the Qur'än's detailed explanation of the importance of the Sunnah and of acting according to it. This chapter consists of six sections and a conclusion. Chapter 2 aims to present and discuss the various roles that were performed by the Prophet in the preservation and propagation of his Sunnah. This chapter consists of eight sections and a conclusion. Part Two, which constitutes the main part of the study, undertakes a rigorous study of Goldziher's main evidence regarding his theory of the fabrication of Hadith during the Umayyad period. It consists of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, we give a general overview of Goldziher's theory regarding the fabrication of Hadith in the Umayyad period. Chapter 3 contains an analysis of the evidence he cites in support of his claim that the Companions fabricated Iladith, and consists of five sections. Chapter 4 attempts an analysis of the evidence he cites in support of his claim that various `pious scholars' fabricated Hadith during the Umayyads' rule, and consists of seven sections. Chapter 5 contains an analysis of his evidence regarding the Umayyads' fabrication of Hadith, and consists of five sections. Chapter 6 contains an analysis of his evidence regarding the fabrication of Hadith by various theologians and consists of four sections. Chapter 7 contains a demonstration of the impact of Goldziher's opinions on subsequent studies. Finally, the Conclusion summarises the findings of the study.
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Helali, Müller Asma. "Etude sur la tradition prophétique : la question de l'authenticité du I/VIIème au VI/XIIème siècle." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE5049.
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Le présent travail se propose d’étudier la théorie de l’authenticité de la tradition prophétique en Islam et le processus de son évolution d’une forme non-systématique à une forme théorique complexe. C’est les prémices de ce processus, son évolution jusqu’à sa maturité, ses principaux enjeux, et ses résultats que nous avons essayé de comprendre. Nous avons observé l’amorce de la théorie de l’authenticité dans les sources de l’Islam primitif. Nous avons examiné ensuite les principaux textes théoriques de la science du hadith et nous avons élaboré, à partir de là, la structure vivante de la théorie de l’authenticité, celle-ci se compose d’une théorie de la connaissance du hadith authentique et d’une théorie de la transmission. L’histoire de la transmission du corpus « authentique » et « apocryphe » nous a permit d’établir que la différence entre les deux corpus est palpable au niveau du concept théorique et pas au niveau de l’histoire de la transmission. Les deux corpus sont transmis dans la société musulmane des six premiers siècles et ont la même fonction de légitimation. Ceci nous amène à penser que la théorie de l’authenticité désigne un système de pensée souple, qu’authenticité n’est pas véritéThis study aims to examine the nature of authenticity in the Islamic prophetic tradition; its evolution and eventual development into a complex theoretical structure. The very premises of this process and their implications have received special attention. It’s possible to observe the initial formation of the theory of authenticity in sources of early Islam. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the investigation of the theory of authenticity in the science of hadith. The dynamic structure of the theory has been elaborated on this basis and is composed of a theory of knowledge of authentic hadith and a theory of transmission. History of the transmission of “authentic” and “apocryphal” texts has enabled us to establish that the difference between these two corpuses is discernable at the conceptual level. These corpuses are transmitted in Moslem society during the first six centuries and share the same function, namely of legitimation. This leads us to believe that the theory of authenticity designates a flexible system of thought. Authenticity is not truth
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Al-Humaid, Munir Khalid. "The Similitudes of the Qur'an and Hadith : A comparative study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497343.
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Nor, Mohamad Roslan Mohamad. "The significance of Islamicjerusalem in Islam : Quranic and Hadith perspectives." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424917.
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This study is concerned with the significance of Islamicjerusalem to Islam and Muslims. It is an attempt to establish and develop a new framework based on evidences and academic debate concerning Islamicjerusalem from the Qur’ān and Hadīth perspectives. The study seeks to investigate evidences from these two core sources in Islam and thus discuss the significance of the region from these two main perspectives. Indeed, historical evidences have an important role in dealing with Islamicjerusalem, and therefore are greatly utilised in discussing this topic. The manifestation of the study can be from two main points: firstly, it deals with the Quranic verses and a number of Ahadīth that imply the meaning and necessitate reference to Islamicjerusalem. Secondly, it shows why Islamicjerusalem is intrinsically important and so central to Muslims belief, mind and heart. From these evidences, this study has taken a thematical approach in dividing the topics. Most importantly, this study discusses the new terminology for a new concept, which is Islamicjerusalem. This terminology has attracted a number of young scholars to engage in debates concerning the definition and the meaning of Islamicjerusalem. This study then furthers the discussion on Islamicjerusalem as the centre of barakah, the land of hope, the land of the Night Journey and Ascension, the land of the prophets and the future status of the region from Quranic and Hadīth perspectives. To reiterate, this study explores the Quranic and Hadīth references which are the core foundation of Muslims perspectives on Islamicjerusalem, and therefore, endeavours to present a new theoretical and conceptual framework in order to understand the Muslims concern towards Islamicjerusalem.
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Harpci, Fatih. "Muhammad Speaking of the Messiah: Jesus in the Hadith Tradition." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/223278.
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ReligionPh.D.
Much has been written about Qur’ānic references to Jesus (‘Īsā in Arabic), yet no work has been done on the structure or formal analysis of the numerous references to ‘Īsā in the Hadīth, that is, the collection of writings that report the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. In effect, non- Muslims and Muslim scholars neglect the full range of Prophet Muhammad’s statements about Jesus that are in the Hadīth. The dissertation’s main thesis is that an examination of the Hadīths’ reports of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward ‘Īsā will lead to fuller understandings about Jesus-‘Īsā among Muslims and propose to non-Muslims new insights into Christian tradition about Jesus. In the latter process, non-Muslims will be encouraged to re-examine past hostile views concerning Muhammad and his words about Jesus. A minor thesis is that Western readers in particular, whether or not they are Christians, will be aided to understand Islamic beliefs about ‘Īsā, prophethood, and eschatology more fully. In the course of the dissertation, Hadīth studies will be enhanced by a full presentation of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward Jesus-‘Īsā. While several non-eschatological references to Jesus appear the Hadīth and will be referenced, the dissertation focuses especially on Prophet Muhammad’s statements concerning ‘Īsā’s parousia (return to earth) and his messianic roles toward the End Times. It is anticipated that the work will contribute to further studies about correlations of ‘Īsā and Muhammad in Islamic and Christian theology, as well as to interreligious examinations of the Hadīth traditions.
Temple University--Theses
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Al-Busaidi, Saleh Ahmed. "The effect of doctrinal conflict on the science of Hadith." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24231.
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This thesis is an analysis of the effect of Islamic doctrinal conflict on the science of Hadith. Part 1 describes how doctrinal conflict began among the Muslims in the early years after the death of Prophet Muhammad. The conflict grew rapidly to affect the lives and history of the Muslims, who became divided into different doctrines and groups, each with its own view on politics, aqidah and fiqh. It includes a short description of each of the well-known doctrines covering politics, aqidah and fiqh (its founder, origins and famous promoters). Part 2 concentrates on the effect of doctrinal conflict on Muslims in their narration of hadiths. A comparison is made of the narrations by several scholars of Islam to investigate the extent to which each scholar accepted the narrations and narrators promoted by other scholars. It also determines the effect of doctrinal conflict on the forgery of hadity to support a particular opinion and to glorify or disparage an individual or group. Part 3 examines the term “narration of the heretic” (riwāyat al-mubtadi’), that is, each scholar regarding the others as heretics. To this end, the views of various scholars of Islam are analysed to determine their differences and their effect on Muslims in the science of Hadith with regard to the “narration of the heretic”. Therefore, it investigates how the different views held by scholars of the “narration of the heretic” affects the judgement of hadiths. Part 4 consists of a comparative study of a group of narrations that have been subjected to widely differing interpretations by Muslims. The fields chosen for this study are Virtues (al-Manaqib), the Faith (al-‘aqidah) and Jurisprudence (al-fiqh).
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Bednarkiewicz, Maroussia. "Summoning the believers as the Christians did? : religious differentiation in Muslim sources until the third/ninth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e98bd5c-3d6d-4530-b372-95780de2af86.
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The Muslim tradition tells us that when Muslims migrated to Medina and their number increased, they felt the need for an efficient means to convoke the community for the daily prayers. Jews and Christians both had well-established summoning rituals involving different instruments, that Muslims considered adopting. They eventually developed a distinct, simple ritual consisting of a small set of chanted formulæ, which became known as the adhān, the Islamic call to prayer. This is the narrative thread that we find in all major Sunnī collections of aḥādīth - reported sayings of Muḥammad and his companions - which recount the introduction of the adhān. The present work postulates that this thread or 'proto-narrative' was used by several narrators, transmitters, and collectors until the third/ninth century who modified it and added new elements in order to settle political and religious controversies of their times. This proto-narrative is outlined in the main chapter (chap. 3), which highlights how it was modified and why, using close textual analysis of both Sunnī and Shī'ī texts with data-dense graphs of relations, locations, and times produced via network visualisation tools. Five major Sunnī legal treaties from the second/eighth century onwards were also scrutinised (chap. 4) to better understand the general context in which the aḥādīth about the introduction of the adhān were being circulated and confirm the results obtained through the textual analysis. The conclusions reveal specific mechanisms used in the formation and transmission of aḥādīth. In the case of the adhān, aḥādīth represent half of a 'conversation' between people, students, or rulers on one side, asking questions about the origins and the right form of the call to prayer, and on the other side, scholars or jurists who answer with adapted narratives. Only the latter was preserved, yet the present thesis shows that it is often possible to reconstruct, to a certain extent, the former part of this 'conversation'.
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Guenther, Alan M. "The Hadith in Christian-Muslim discourse in British India, 1857-1888." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ43881.pdf.
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Abdelrahman, Essam. "The influence of Hadith on the architecture of early congregational mosques." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1696/.
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This study weighs up the influence of ḤadÄ«th, "Traditions of Prophet Muḥammadâ, on the architecture of the major congregational mosques which were built from the rise of Islam in 1/622 to the end of the Umayyad period in 132/750. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first is an introduction which deals with: the reasons behind underestimating the role of ḤadÄ«th in shaping mosque architecture, the main questions of the study, and the approaches and methodologies applied to deal with these questions. The second chapter discusses the historiographical problems of ḤadÄ«th and early Arabo-Islamic sources. The third examines the nature and functions of the sizable hypaethral building which was erected by the Prophet and which we believe was a mosque and not simply an abode for the Prophet and his family. The fourth chapter deals with the history and form of this structure, which represents, by definition, an embodiment of ḤadÄ«th regarding mosques. The fifth chapter, however, asks whether there was an "orthodoxâ form of mosque according to ḤadÄ«th. It also tries to explore the features of such a form. The sixth and seventh chapters investigate whether and how ḤadÄ«th influenced the architectural evolution of the mosques which were built under the Rightly-guided Caliphs and those built by the Umayyads, respectively. Chapter eight is an epilogue that summarizes the findings of the study.
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Saad, Salma. "The legal and social status of women in the Hadith literature." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/508/.
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This thesis covers the status of, and attitude to, the woman in Islam, as reflected by the literature of the Hadith. All previous works which have dealt with the status of the woman in Islam have attempted to cover vast areas and aspect ranging from the pre-Islamic era to our present time. However, no single work has ever been devoted to the position of woman as depicted in Muslim tradition. Since the amount of material collected is so vast, it seems to the author that even a general survey of the status of woman from pre-Isalmic times to our present day, is beyond the scope of this research, especially that this subject has already been discussed by many scholars. The literature of the hadith, however, has never been the sole corpus for this subject and hence is the major source for the present research. The status of women is examined in this work following the different "stages" in the life of the woman. Hence the following aspects have been considered; a. the baby girl b. the young girl c. the married woman and the mother d. the divorced woman e. the widow f. the slave woman. The six major books of Hadiths, and the books of Sunni, contain an enormous number of references to woman noted by the Prophet and his companions. These references usually refer to the status and legal position of women from birth to death, mainly based on actual facts which were brought to the attention of the Prophet. In order to collect all the relevant references; all six books of the Hadith, were carefully examined, registered and classified. In addition, all relevant works available were read so that a sound background for the research can be established. Experts in the field of Islamic law were consulted on various aspect of this topic and were also to lesser extent relied on traditions and customs known to the author and her family. Having dealt with a most sensitive subject which has been neglected up till now. The author aware of the incompleteness of this work, nevertheless, the author feel that the amount of materials examined and methods of analysis which were employed should give the reader on authentic insight into the life and position of the Muslim woman as depicted in the Hadith.
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Massie, Rebecca. "Country Views." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1047.
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Over the years I have created many different images and explored a variety of media along my artistic journey. Similar images continue to occur in my work - images from my life as a child and as an adult in rural settings. I lived on a poultry farm and was involved in working with my parents there. When I married, my husband was a cattle farmer so I continued to live on a farm and use rural images in my work. Living in the country makes me constantly aware of the relationship between God, nature and man. I believe that we can find beauty in the most ordinary objects or places. My artwork is intended to help others find this beauty.
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Akkari, Karim. "Langue légitime ou légitimation du discours : étude comparative sur le rapport des grammairiens avec les différents corpus d'énoncés de l'arabe normatif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC031.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au corpus d’énoncés reconnu légitime pour asseoir un parler dit « normatif ». L’engouement pour la langue des Arabes et son apprentissage s’est fait - depuis la propagation de l’Islam - de plus en plus fort. L’arabe devient alors objet d’étude. Très tôt, à une époque encore discutée, s’organise une grande collecte des éléments constitutifs de ce qui allait servir de base à l’établissement des codes linguistiques de la langue arabe. En parallèle, s’effectue également une autre collecte : celle des récits sur les dits et faits du Prophète Muḥammad, composant le corpus du Hadith (ou de la Tradition dans une plus large mesure). Ainsi, le Hadith est-il incontestablement devenu une des sources les plus importantes, presque incontournable dans les sciences arabo-islamiques. À la mesure de la place qu’il occupe dans beaucoup de disciplines, on aurait pu s’attendre à ce qu’il ait une légitimité prépondérante dans le domaine de la grammaire arabe mais il n’en est pas ainsi. Contre toute attente, le Hadith semble n’arriver qu’à une place subalterne. Le grammairien, qui tient un discours ou une discussion sur la langue, se base sur un corpus d’énoncés reconnu légitime pour asseoir des règles grammaticales et celui-ci regroupe essentiellement le Coran et les propos arabes (poésie et prose anciennes). Dans le discours grammatical, le Hadith n’est peut-être pas absent, mais il voit sa légitimité extrêmement discutée. Nous avons essayé d’éclaircir ce point en inscrivant cette polémique dans un questionnement plus global. Nous nous sommes intéressé à l’étude du rapport entre la légitimité de la langue et les différents corpus qui forment son assise. Quels ont été les critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion entrant en compte pour la constitution de ce corpus ? Quel outil représentait chacun des textes (Coran, Hadith et Kalam al-ˁArab) pour le grammairien ? Au-delà des assertions, nous avons observé l’attitude du grammairien avec ces différents textes prenant soin de mettre en exergue à la fois les particularités mais aussi les points communs de ces sourcesThis thesis deals with the corpus of statements recognized as legitimate in order to establish a so-called "normative" speech. The enthusiasm for the Arabic language and its study became increasingly strong with the spread of Islam. Arabic becomes an object of study. Very early on, at a time still being discussed, a large collection of elements constituting what would serve as a basis for the establishment of the linguistic codes of the Arabic language was organized. At the same time, there is also another collection: that of the narratives on the said and the facts of the Prophet Muḥammad, composing the corpus of Hadith (or Tradition to a greater extent). Thus, the Hadith has undoubtedly become one of the most important sources, almost impossible to circumvent in the Arab-Islamic sciences. Given the major role it plays in many disciplines, one might have expected it to have a preponderant legitimacy in the field of Arabic grammar, but this is not so. Against all expectations, the Hadith seems to arrive only at a subordinate place. The grammarian, who holds a discourse or a discussion on the language, bases himself on a corpus of statements recognized as legitimate in order to establish grammatical rules. This corpus essentially groups together the Quran and the words of the Arabs (ancient poetry and prose). In grammatical discourse, the Hadith may not be absent, but its legitimacy is extremely debated. We have tried to clarify this by putting this polemic into a more global questioning. We are interested in studying the relationship between the legitimacy of the language and the different corpuses that form its foundation. What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the constitution of this corpus? What tool did each of the texts (Qur'an, Hadith and Kalam al-ˁArab) represent for the grammarian? Beyond the assertions, we have observed the attitude of the grammarian toward these different texts taking care to highlight both the peculiarities but also the common points of these sources
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Yarrington, Matthew D. "Lived Islam in Bangladesh : contemporary religious discourse between Ahl-i-Hadith, 'Hanafis' and authoritative texts, with special reference to al-barzakh." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5690.
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Contemporary north-west Bangladesh is the scene of a religious contest between the self-described 'Hanafis‘, who include various expressions of Islamic faith and practice, and Salafi reformist groups known as Ahl-i-Hadith. Occasionally labelled 'Wahhabis‘ due to their affinity with the doctrine from Arabia, the Ahl-i-Hadith actively seek to purify local Islam of all practices which they consider to be bidaʿ. Local Hanafi Muslims, who form a majority, are resistant to these efforts at total religious reform. This thesis investigates the contemporary discourse taking place between these two communities in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and between these groups and their authoritative Islamic texts. The case study used to focus on inter-group debates is the contested issue of whether or not to perform rituals meant to assist the dead during al-barzakh – the conscious waiting period in the grave believed to last from death until the day of resurrection. Especially during a soul‘s first forty days in al-barzakh, the Hanafi community observes rituals intended to reduce the torment of the grave and send soʾab, or merit, to the account of the deceased. Participant observation at numerous milad, chollisha and khotom ceremonies for the dead, as well as interviews with local ʿulamaʾ and other informants highlight the progress of Ahl-i-Hadith reform efforts, but also the way in which Hanafi leaders defend and interpret their 'unorthodox‘ practices using authoritative Sunni hadith and Qurʾanic passages. Additional Islamic texts which are locally influential are examined. Special voice is given to "what Muslims say" in an attempt to let the words and actions of those involved in the debates direct the research agenda as they interpret and defend their respective positions. This thesis provides other researchers with a field-based account of contemporary Islamic belief and practice in Bangladesh – an understudied Islamic context containing over 150 million people. Dozens of quotations from ʿulamaʾ are reproduced in the original Bengali and in English. Additionally, this study complicates Islamic fundamentalist and Western scholarly conceptions of 'popular Islam‘ and 'syncretism‘ by showing that Hanafi ʿulamaʾ in Rajshahi explain their (contested) beliefs and activities in Islamic terms, using universally recognised Sunni sources of authority, especially the hadith literature.
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Günes, Özden [Verfasser]. "Prosozialität im Islam : Ihre Lehren und Dimensionen im Koran und Hadith / Özden Günes." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114640425/34.
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Wang, Ling. "Updating XML views." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-082406-013940/.
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Eriksson, André. "Views : Cinema, redefined." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229697.
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Transforming the first floor of a 1950s building at Sveavägen, Stockholm, this project aims to redefine the traditional cinema. This is not a perfect quiet black box, but a place for sharing, experiencing and discussing film. A cinema for independent films, short films, documentaries and film festivals, but perhaps also presentations and lectures. A flexible building that can open up, or close down, depending on the event. A cinema where one can sit down for a brief movement with a coffee, or spend an evening at the big screen.
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Ali, Abdul Karim. "Al-Shafi'i's contribution to Hadith with an annotated translation of his work Jima'al-'Ilm." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21659.
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Mohd, Zarif Muhammad Mustaqim. "Jawah hadith scholarship in the nineteenth century : a comparative study of the adaptions of Lubab al-Hadith composed by Nawawi of Banten (d.1314/1897) and Wan Ali of Kelantan (d.1331/1913)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3448.
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Hadīth scholarship and its erudition among the Jāwah or the Muslims from the Malay Archipelago (the term applied to them in the Hejaz) in the periods prior to the twentieth century is almost a neglected area of study on Islam and its development in the Southeast Asian region. While this may be surprising considering the sublime status and influence of hadīth on the religious outlook of the Jāwah, perhaps the dearth of surviving materials on hadīth and its study during these periods might have also aggravated this apparent gap in their religious and intellectual history in the pre-modern era. However, this study proposes that despite the feasibility of an early presence of hadīth studies and its scholarship among the Jāwah, it was actually in the nineteenth century that significant development in its scholarship and discourse took place through Lubāb al-Hadīth. This is a collection of four hundred traditions attributed to al-Suyūtī (d. 911/1505), which has managed to attract serious scholarly interests from two important Jāwah scholars in Mecca namely, Nawawī of Banten (d. 1314/1897) and Wan ‘Alī of Kelantan (d. 1331/1913), who undertook their adaptations and commentaries of the text. Even though both scholars shared similar cultural and scholarly milieu of Arabia, their approaches, methods, and choices of languages in commenting on the text are markedly divergent. The fact that both works are still being distributed and read until the present day indicates their significance and relevance as an influential legacy of Jāwah h}adīth scholarship and its discourse in the nineteenth century. Thus, this study examines the important issue of hadīth scholarship in the nineteenth century through the case of Lubāb al-Hadīth and a comparative study of its two commentaries as mentioned above. Although the primary focus of discussion is on their methods on hadīth and selected religious views as presented in their commentaries, the anonymities surrounding the origin, authorship and significance of the base work is also analyzed. In turn, this has lead to a more detailed account on the place and influence of these works on the general development and characteristics of Jāwah hadīth scholarship and its discourse in the nineteenth century which also had their impacts in later years.
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Lucey, Patrick Joseph. "Lipreading across multiple views." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16676/.
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Visual information from a speaker's mouth region is known to improve automatic speech recognition (ASR) robustness, especially in the presence of acoustic noise. Currently, the vast majority of audio-visual ASR (AVASR) studies assume frontal images of the speaker's face, which is a rather restrictive human-computer interaction (HCI) scenario. The lack of research into AVASR across multiple views has been dictated by the lack of large corpora that contains varying pose/viewpoint speech data. Recently, research has concentrated on recognising human be- haviours within "meeting " or "lecture " type scenarios via "smart-rooms ". This has resulted in the collection of audio-visual speech data which allows for the recognition of visual speech from both frontal and non-frontal views to occur. Using this data, the main focus of this thesis was to investigate and develop various methods within the confines of a lipreading system which can recognise visual speech across multiple views. This reseach constitutes the first published work within the field which looks at this particular aspect of AVASR. The task of recognising visual speech from non-frontal views (i.e. profile) is in principle very similar to that of frontal views, requiring the lipreading system to initially locate and track the mouth region and subsequently extract visual features. However, this task is far more complicated than the frontal case, because the facial features required to locate and track the mouth lie in a much more limited spatial plane. Nevertheless, accurate mouth region tracking can be achieved by employing techniques similar to frontal facial feature localisation. Once the mouth region has been extracted, the same visual feature extraction process can take place to the frontal view. A novel contribution of this thesis, is to quantify the degradation in lipreading performance between the frontal and profile views. In addition to this, novel patch-based analysis of the various views is conducted, and as a result a novel multi-stream patch-based representation is formulated. Having a lipreading system which can recognise visual speech from both frontal and profile views is a novel contribution to the field of AVASR. How- ever, given both the frontal and profile viewpoints, this begs the question, is there any benefit of having the additional viewpoint? Another major contribution of this thesis, is an exploration of a novel multi-view lipreading system. This system shows that there does exist complimentary information in the additional viewpoint (possibly that of lip protrusion), with superior performance achieved in the multi-view system compared to the frontal-only system. Even though having a multi-view lipreading system which can recognise visual speech from both front and profile views is very beneficial, it can hardly considered to be realistic, as each particular viewpoint is dedicated to a single pose (i.e. front or profile). In an effort to make the lipreading system more realistic, a unified system based on a single camera was developed which enables a lipreading system to recognise visual speech from both frontal and profile poses. This is called pose-invariant lipreading. Pose-invariant lipreading can be performed on either stationary or continuous tasks. Methods which effectively normalise the various poses into a single pose were investigated for the stationary scenario and in another contribution of this thesis, an algorithm based on regularised linear regression was employed to project all the visual speech features into a uniform pose. This particular method is shown to be beneficial when the lipreading system was biased towards the dominant pose (i.e. frontal). The final contribution of this thesis is the formulation of a continuous pose-invariant lipreading system which contains a pose-estimator at the start of the visual front-end. This system highlights the complexity of developing such a system, as introducing more flexibility within the lipreading system invariability means the introduction of more error. All the works contained in this thesis present novel and innovative contributions to the field of AVASR, and hopefully this will aid in the future deployment of an AVASR system in realistic scenarios.
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Fryer, Marilyn. "Teachers' views on creativity." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328586.
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This study explored the views of teachers and further education lecturers in England and Wales about creativity and its development. A survey questionnaire was administered to 1028 teachers and lecturers, and interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of 31 teachers. The questionnaire included original measures of teachers' opinions about creativity and teaching style preferences, as well as the Torrance "Ideal Pupil" and "Ideal Person" Checklists - included to facilitate comparisons with previous research. Results indicate that most teachers subscribe to a definition of creativity perceived mainly in terms of "imagination", "originality" and "self-expression". "Divergence is regarded as synonymous with creativity by only half the sample. Most teachers think creativity can be developed, but almost three quarters think it is rare. Creativity is perceived as quite different from intelligence. Over two thirds think creativity is limitless, whilst less than a third think intelligence is. Clear differences in views on creativity emerged in terms of some major socio-biographical factors - sex and subjects taught, in particular. Such differences appear to be linked to teaching style preferences by the phenomenon "person orientation", as defined by Collings (1978). It has been found that females, general subject teachers, creative arts teachers and nurse tutors tend to favour a pupil oriented teaching style significantly more than males and maths/science/ technology teachers. Moreover, females are significantly more likely to view creativity in terms of self-expression than males, who are more "objectoriented", as discussed by Collings and Smithers (1984). Similarly, maths/science/technology teachers are significantly less likely to envisage creativity as "self-expression" than are all other groups. What mainly distinguishes those teachers in the sample most oriented to creativity from those much less oriented, is a body of opinion which reflects a preference for pupil-centred learning.
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Nivens, Ryan Andrew, Tara Carver Peters, and Jesse Nivens. "Views of Isometric Geometry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/293.
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Maytham-Bailey, Sandra. "One lens three views." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6844.
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This document explores the complexity of the Zulu Reed Dance in the context of creating a photographic record of the event in various narrative styles within the genre of documentary photography. The authorphotographer acknowledges their subjective contribution in the image making process, and uses this understanding to demonstrate a continuum of subjectivity that operates depending on the visual narrative being constructed. To contextualise the photographers approach, the document explores the social, political and economic landscape, and the dominant visual record produced by media. A qualitative review of six national newspapers demonstrates that the media view is relatively generic and does not attempt to engage with alternative perspectives. The document also explores critical theory on the subject of the qualification of a photographer to provide an accurate record outside of their cultural status. The author considers the validity of image production and the reception of the work as indicative of a continuum of subjectivity. To demonstrate this fluidity, the photographer produces three photo essays, all made at the same event at the same time with very different narrative outcomes. These photo essays can be found the accompanying book titled 'One lens three views'.
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Johnson, Alyssa Marie. "Views From The House." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429835120.
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Peng, Xiaobo. "Mediation on XQuery Views." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5442/.
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The major goal of information integration is to provide efficient and easy-to-use access to multiple heterogeneous data sources with a single query. At the same time, one of the current trends is to use standard technologies for implementing solutions to complex software problems. In this dissertation, I used XML and XQuery as the standard technologies and have developed an extended projection algorithm to provide a solution to the information integration problem. In order to demonstrate my solution, I implemented a prototype mediation system called Omphalos based on XML related technologies. The dissertation describes the architecture of the system, its metadata, and the process it uses to answer queries. The system uses XQuery expressions (termed metaqueries) to capture complex mappings between global schemas and data source schemas. The system then applies these metaqueries in order to rewrite a user query on a virtual global database (representing the integrated view of the heterogeneous data sources) to a query (termed an outsourced query) on the real data sources. An extended XML document projection algorithm was developed to increase the efficiency of selecting the relevant subset of data from an individual data source to answer the user query. The system applies the projection algorithm to decompose an outsourced query into atomic queries which are each executed on a single data source. I also developed an algorithm to generate integrating queries, which the system uses to compose the answers from the atomic queries into a single answer to the original user query. I present a proof of both the extended XML document projection algorithm and the query integration algorithm. An analysis of the efficiency of the new extended algorithm is also presented. Finally I describe a collaborative schema-matching tool that was implemented to facilitate maintaining metadata.
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Afif, Nora. ""De la description du paradis dans les sources islamiques sunnites" : (du VIIème siècle au début de la période moderne)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100129.
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Le Paradis en Islam est défini par le terme arabe Al-Janna comme mentionné dans le Coran, le Livre Saint des musulmans. La connaissance du Paradis est associée chez les musulmans à des états de bien-être absolu dans l’Au-delà en même temps qu’elle est associée à la notion coranique du paradis originel comme premier lieu de séjour d’Adam et Ève. La récompense paradisiaque est interprétée dans les consciences musulmanes comme une grâce divine éternelle après la mort. C’est pourquoi toute une littérature de récits sur le Paradis islamique ne va pas cesser de fasciner les populations musulmanes et non-musulmanes depuis l’avènement de l’Islam jusqu’au début de la période moderne. Le texte coranique abonde en descriptions paradisiaques au même titre que les compilations de ḥadīths ou dires du prophète Muhammad, qui viennent les expliquer et les expliciter. La notion de paradis, fortement présente dans la doctrine islamique a fourni un grand nombre de thèmes de discussions aux théologiens et aux docteurs sunnites de la Loi durant toute la période médiévale suscitant parfois de vifs débats et des controverses. La littérature exégétique propre au paradis se définissant progressivement, il est alors nécessaire de comprendre le processus d’évolution dans l’élaboration d’une Histoire de la description du Paradis en Islam du VIIème au XVIème siècle ainsi que la manière dont s’est opérée la mise en place d’une interprétation réglementée par les auteurs sunnites les plus rigoristes pour l’imagination « cadrée » du lieu paradisiaqueParadise in Islam is defined by the Arabic term Al-Janna as mentioned in the Qur'an, the Holy Book of Muslims. The knowledge of Paradise is associated with the states of absolute well-being in the Hereafter and at the same time with the Qur'anic notion of the original paradise as the first place of residence of Adam and Eve. The heavenly reward is interpreted in Muslim consciousness as an eternal divine grace after death. This is why a whole literature of stories about the Islamic paradise will not stop fascinating the Muslim and non-Muslim populations since the advent of Islam until the beginning of the modern period. The Quranic text abounds in paradisiacal descriptions as well as the compilations of ḥadīths or sayings of the prophet Muhammad, who come to underline and explain them. The notion of paradise, strongly present in Islamic doctrine, has provided a great deal of discussion to Sunni theologians and Sunni Doctors throughout the medieval period, sometimes with heated debate and controversy. The exegetical literature specific to paradise being defined gradually, it is then necessary to understand the process of evolution in the elaboration of a History of the description of Paradise in Islam from the 7th to the 16th century, as well as the way in which it operated the establishment of a regulated interpretation by the most rigorous Sunni authors for the "framed" imagination of the paradisiacal place
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Lane, Andrew N. "Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulusi's (1641-1731) commentary on Ibn Arabi's 'Fusus al-Hikam' : an analysis and interpretation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:533fc636-91c8-42fd-a40b-ac9771ad591c.
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This thesis is an analysis and interpretation of six chapters from al-Nabulusi's commentary. One of these is an account of his intentions for writing the commentary and the other five are commentaries on parts of the Fusus al-hikam. These chapters chosen from al-Nabulusi's commentary treat important subjects in the Fusus al-hikam which exemplify Ibn 'Arabi's thought particularly well. They are concerned with certain issues which were perceived to have a special importance in the Islamic religious tradition. One issue, for example, is that of Pharaoh's profession of faith which was a prominent subject of debate and discussion in Islamic literature. Ibn 'Arabi's position on this was severely criticised by many. The thesis argues that there are four ways in which to appreciate the commentary's intellectual and religious outlook: first, with respect to its approach to Ibn 'Arabi's ideas; second, with respect to its use of Qur'an and hadith in the specific context of developing an independence from Ibn 'Arabi's thought and in the general context of Qur'anic exegesis; third, in its use of language, narrative and metaphor, finally, in its legal approach towards the issue of Pharaoh's faith evincing arguments similar to those of Ibn 'Arabi, but not identical, and, like Ibn 'Arabi, adopting positions different from those of the wider Islamic religious tradition. The thesis demonstrates that the commentary's significance can be appreciated in two historical contexts: the anti-Ibn 'Arabi tendency manifest in late 17th century Damascus; and the enduring tradition of polemics surrounding Ibn 'Arabi's thought.
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Jamil, Ranya [Verfasser]. "Die Hadith-Analyse bei Shuʿayb al-ʾArnaʾūṭ : Eine vergleichende Studie zur Methodologie zeitgenössischer Gelehrter / Ranya Jamil." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230718141/34.
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Allouche, Zohar Shani. "'Between the pure milk and the froth' : images of the devil in the Muslim tradition (Hadith)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433211.
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Hannousse, Abdelhakim, Gilles Ardourel, and Rémi Douence. "Views for aspectualizing component models." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4135/.
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Component based software development (CBSD) and aspectoriented software development (AOSD) are two complementary approaches. However, existing proposals for integrating aspects into component models are direct transposition of object-oriented AOSD techniques to components. In this article, we propose a new approach based on views. Our proposal introduces crosscutting components quite naturally and can be integrated into different component models.
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Maverley, Suzanne Isabella. "Unclear Boundaries and Faraway Views." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117598.
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Located in the Harbour of Cork, this work encourages the Harbour to turn back upon itself and re-establish the collective memory of transport by water. It was inspired by the Harbour Authority’s decision to introduce a passenger ferry network, servicing the City and the towns along the harbour. The meeting of the people and their harbour is to be finely nuanced through new installations, which facilitate the landing of these new vessels. Without these comprehensible points, which together create boundaries and act as threshold, the harbour is immense and continually shifting. These interventions intend to create a middle space between the landscape edge and the vast harbour: a type of ‘airlock’ which prepares the pedestrian for passage, using tools of sequencing and reframing to direct views. The project is investigated through mapping with an architecture that addresses the shifting scale along the harbour and a conversation begins between the macro and microcosm.
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Karrow, Douglas D. "Science teachers' views of creativity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ32487.pdf.
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Armstrong, Kevin Anthony. "Aesthetics/ethics, two modern views." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37936.pdf.
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Tsandilas, Theophanis. "Rewriting queries over XML views." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62974.pdf.
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Heideman, Daniel. "Three views of Genesis 17." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1119.
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Bondesson, Laban. "Microscopic views of drug solubility." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3940.
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Jiang, Ming. "Updating views over recursive XML." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-010608-234057/.
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Amstutz, Scott Anthony. "Mountain Views for Chamber Orchestra." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333460.
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Mountain Views for Chamber Orchestra is a three-movement piece that evokes various geographic and aesthetic attributes of the Catalina Mountains in Tucson Arizona. It makes use of musical elements such as time, theme, color/timbre, and texture from the chamber ensemble that are conducive to the evocation of contours, colors, and polyphonies necessary for the images found in the work. "Early Morning Clouds Descending on the Catalinas," the first movement of Mountain Views depicts the picturesque Catalinas as they are often seen in the mild winter mornings of Tucson. The slow introduction conveys the early dawn and the episodic middle section uses ostinato-like repetitions and sudden juxtapositions of block-like figures that depict a hidden and secretive landscape. "Cancion del saguaro," the second movement is much slower than the previous movement and features a more aria-like treatment yet, still with some repetitious accompanimental figures. This movement depicts a lonely cactus within the mountain landscape with chromatic glissandos that imply scale and incline. "Danzas de sombra," the last movement depicts the mountain face at dusk using white-note collections and contrasting black-note collections that depict bright and shadowy sections of the mountain. This movement is more segmented or episodic with the different sections distinguishable not only by their key areas and modes but also registrally and metrically with a greater use of mixed meter and dance-like rhythms in the black-note shadowy sections.
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Hindert, Johann. "German views of irregular warfare." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45873.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIncreasingly, so-called weak actors employ irregular warfare to successfully challenge the strong. The British, French, and Americans are recognized for their irregular warfare experience, but the comparatively rich German tradition remains overlooked. German contributions to irregular warfare, in fact, rival their reputed expertise in modern maneuver warfare. This thesis surveys German irregular warfare cases from the eighteenth century forward. Beginning in the American Revolution, Hessian officer Johann Ewald revealed important counter-insurgency principles. In the early nineteenth century, Carl von Clausewitz spoke to the larger idea of people’s war and noted its efficacy. In a peripheral theater of World War I, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck mastered the art of irregular adaptation and survival. In the Second World War, Otto Skorzeny perfected the strategic commando raid. After serving in the same war, Friedrich A.F. von der Heydte published a theory of modern irregular warfare, unique for its views on terrorism and the combined employment of irregular and other forms of warfare. Otto Heilbrunn studied partisan warfare and endorsed pseudo operations to counter asymmetric threats such as those faced by the United States today. German irregular warfare offers strategic answers to contemporary security challenges.
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Nortje, Nico. "Older adults' views on euthanasia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52380.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes older adults (65 years and older) have towards euthanasia. The subjects of the study were people 65 years of age and older who reside in homes for the aged within the Cape Metropolis. An equal number of subjects from the African, Coloured and European communities were randomly selected. A biographical questionnaire as well as the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and the Purpose In Life Test, were administered. The influence of four variables were focused on, namely age, ethnicity, meaning in life and health. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and one-way ANOV A analysis were used. Ethnicity, meaning in life and health were not found to have a significant correlation with euthanasia. Age was the only variable found to have a significant correlation with euthanasia. The findings were discussed and certain recommendations were made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel wat die houding van ouer volwassenes (65 jaar en ouer) is ten opsigte van genadedood. Die proefpersone was almalouer as 65 jaar en woonagtig in ouetehuise binne die Kaapse Metropool. 'n Gelyke aantal proefpersone van die Afrika, Kleurling en Europese gemeenskappe is willekeurig gekies. 'n Biografiese vraelys, asook die "Euthanasia Attitude Scale" en "Purpose In Life Test", is gebruik. Die invloed van vier veranderlikes, naamlik: ouderdom, kultuur, betekenis in die lewe en gesondheid, is ondersoek. Pearson korrelasionele koëffisiënt en een-rigting ANOV A ontledings is gebruik. Etnisiteit, betekenis in die lewe en gesondheid het nie beduidend met genadedood gekorreleer nie, ouderdom was die enigste veranderlike wat beduidend met genadedood gekorreleer het. Die bevindinge is bespreek en sekere aanbevelings is gemaak.
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Pattinson, Peter M. "The Crusaders' views of Islam." Thesis, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273772.
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Cheng, C. P. "Evaluation of relational database views." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381026.
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Jiang, Ming. "Updating Views Over Recursive XML." Digital WPI, 2008. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/12.
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We study the problem of updating XML views defined over XML documents. A view update is performed by finding the base updates over the underlying data sources that achieve the desired view update. If such base updates do not exist, the view update is said to be untranslatable and rejected. In SQL, determining whether a view update is translatable is performed using schema level analysis, where the view definition and the base schema are used. XML schemas are more complex than SQL schemas, and can specify recursive types and cardinality constraints. There are two kinds of view updates: single view element update, where the user requires for an update over a particular view element, and a set of view elements update, where the user requires for an update over all view elements that satisfy a given XPath over the view. Accordingly, we propose one solution for each kind of view update problems based on schema level analysis for determining whether an update over XML views is translatable and for finding the translation if one exists, while considering the features of XML schemas.