Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vigne – Teneur en azote'
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Barbier, Hugues. "Recherche de marqueurs associés à la contrainte en azote et en carbone chez la vigne (vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon)." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21095.
Full textThe stake of the vine growing, is to produce fruits of quality suitable for the manufacture of wine. For that, the growing methods related to the control of the nitrogen contribution (nitrate fertilizers and the availability of carbon (limitation of leaf aera). This thesis work concerned the search for biochemical and molecular markers on grape (Vitis vinifera var Cabernet Sauvignon) associated with nitrogen and carbon constraints. He biochemical (sugar concentration, free amino acids, and ecophysiologic (growth of the vegetative parts) studies of fruit-bearing cuttings showed that the growth (size if the plants and leaf aera) is the more discriminating character between the plants under constraint and control conditions. But they did not allow to disciminate the nitrogen and the carbon constraint. A molecular study was thus undertaken by realization of SSH libraries (Subtractive Suppressive Hybridization) for the plants placed in nitrogenized constraint vs control plants. The screening of these libraries by microarrays highlighted 137 clones induced or repressed by the nitrogen constraint
Jreij, Rana. "Incidence des itinéraires culturaux : fertilisation foliaire azotée, irrigation et hauteur de haie végétale, sur la composition azotée des baies de Vitis vinifera en climat méditerranéen." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13517.
Full textMonteils, Valérie. "Distrubution de l'azote entre le lait, les fèces et l'urine chez la vache laitière alimentée aves des rations déficitaires en azote fermentescible." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2002_MONTEILS_V.pdf.
Full textThe variation of the nitrogen distribution in the output compartments milk, urine and faeces has been studied in dairy cows. A model carried out by bibliographie analysis shows the central role of the crude protein leve! of diets on predictions of nitrogen recovery in milk or its losses in urine or faeces. All experimental diets are made using a systematically deficit of rumen fermentable nitrogen ( dPDI ~ 10 g/kg DM) to maximise utilisation in milk by favouring nitrogen recycling. The first trial confrrmed that ali N outputs increased with the CP level, running from 13 to 16% of the DM. The recovery rate in milk of nitrogen intake or digested nitrogen decreased whereas digestibility and relative urinary losses increased. A second trial showed for two CP levels (13% and 14%), that its determination on the nitrogen recovery in milk was independent of lactation state as this last factor and CP level affected separately milk nitrogen. The third trial studied the effect of an additional energy supply for two given CP levels in the diet (12% and 14%) on nitrogen outputs. This supply enhanced an increased nitrogen intake and apparent digestibility. No improvement by the supplementary energy of the recovery rate of fed nitrogen in milk has been noted for both CP levels. Even if urinary losses were similar between both energy supplies at both CP levels, at the higher level (14% CP) feed nitrogen loosed in urine as urea nitrogen is higher with the supplementary energy. In this case, the increased nitrogen intake are not completely buffered by a more efficient metabolic conversion into milk. For a given range of CP levels, the metabolic utilisation of feed nitrogen in milk in our trials was systematically higher than the bibliographie values in average. As recycling has been stimulated in all diets by a systematic deficit of fermentable nitrogen, this result could be du to an underestimated metabolic nitrogen supply. The nitrogen recovered in urine and faeces was Jess sensitively affected by this supplementary nitrogen source
Paczek, Virginie. "Métabolisme azoté au cours de la formation des organes floraux chez la vigne : cas de la coulure." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112259.
Full textAt the beginning of spring growth, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ) mobilise both carbohydrates and nitrogen reserves from the perennial parts before assimilation takes place. The transition between these two nutritional modes, (heterotroph and autotroph respectively), stands as a crucial point, when fast growth of canes and ovule meiosis begins. In turns, a competition in the allocation of assimilates used either for cane growth or flower formation is occurring which may lead to flower senescence and "coulure". Given that the growth of the canes remains prior to inflorescence development until the phenomena of the "nouaison", any delay in the process of assimilation or any lack as far as the reserves are concerned end up with a lack of nutrition, detrimental to inflorescence formation. In that particular case, a strong remobilisation of carbohydrates and nitrogenous reserves takes place in the flowers, and is characterised by a weak plastidic GS (GS2) activity, a strong GDH and proteolytic activity, concomitant to an accumulation of ammonium. Although the cepage sensitive to "coulure" is all the more sensitive as it is more strongly dependent of its reserves and than it has a deficit in glutamate synthase activity with regard to the cepage non sensitive to coulure. In experiments where sources/sink relationships were modified by shading of the leaves or root removal, we found that reserves bears a determining function in flowers production, while primary assimilation strongly determines the rate of nouaison. In particular, following removal, of the roots, a lack of nitrogen within the whole plant was observed. Nitrogen plays a significant role in the "coulure" of the fruiting cuttings. Its excess leads to a total "coulure" and a necrosis of the whole inflorescence. Carbohydrates are also likely to play a role, as well as the enzyme glutamate synthase, which seems inhibited by high nitrogen concentrations. Nevertheless, no strict correlation between the nitrogenous compounds and "nouaison" rates could be established. Using immunocytochemical experiments we showed that cytosolic glutamine synthetase and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase are mostly present in the phloem companion cells suggesting that they both play a major role during the transport of nitrogenous compounds to the flowers. This finding strengthens the current hypothesis that C and N molecules translocation is one of the limiting factors that controls flower formation
Miele, Alberto. "Recherches sur la composition en acides aminés et en acides gras des feuilles et des raisins de Vitis vinifera L. Cv Cabernet Sauvignon pendant la période de maturation et en fonction du système de conduite." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR20023.
Full textValenzuela, Nunez Luis Manuel. "Comparaison interspécifique de la dynamique saisonnière de composés azotés et carbonés chez le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea Matt. Liebl. ), le chêne pédonculé (Quercus robur L. ) et le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica L. ) aux stades juvéniles et adultes : effet de la défoliation et de la lumière sur la gestion des réserves." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0177_VALENZUELA-NUNEZ.pdf.
Full textThis research allows us to compare the biomass composition in nitrogenous and carbon compounds in three forest tree species. C contents (g / kg biomass) are stable whatever the species and age. N contents (g / kg biomass) are 10 times more in young trees, whatever the species. It has important links between N content and age. The C/N ratio is almost 10 times less in young trees, due to their content of total nitrogen. Stocks for a given age are comparable between species. Starch contributes to total carbon in a more important fraction in young trees: 50 % against 8 % in adult trees. Starch concentration in Quercus robur is more elevated in comparison with Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica. This comparison of species, in both youth and adult ages, allowed the evidence of different physiological mechanisms, linked to phenology. This research concerned the characterization of carbon and nitrogenous reserves by difference of present quantities at tree level in two dates corresponding to important phenologic stages. We used the 15N labelling, which allowed partitioning of nitrogen neo-assimilated to nitrogen coming from reserves remobilisation, in young trees defoliated and in different light conditions. Carbon and nitrogen remobilisation of reserves seems to be not synchronous and differed among species: oak renew only 10% of its nitrogen while beech renew 20%. We have characterized a 25kDa polypeptide in the trunk sapwood of Quercus robur, this polypeptide presents all characteristics of a Vegetative Storage Protein (VSP). Limits and uncertainties of methods used during this research are discussed
Néel, Catherine. "Modélisation couplée du transfert et des transformations de l'azote : paramétrisation et évaluation d'un modèle en sol nu." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066308.
Full textCochetel, Noé. "Influence du génotype de porte-greffe dans la signalisation azotée et le développement du greffon chez la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0290/document.
Full textThis work aimed to characterize the impact of the rootstock genotype on the scion development especially through the study of the mechanisms related to nitrogen and hormonal signalling. In that context, two rootstocks were studied, 1103 Paulsen (1103P) and Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM), inducing high and low scion vigour, respectively. A transcriptomic analysis was performed on roots of grafted plants involving both genotypes, cultivated in a split-root system where the nitrogen availability was heterogeneous. A more pronounced response was observed for RGM together with a different temporal regulation between both rootstocks, in particular concerning the expression of key genes of the nitrate response involved in root growth regulation or in hormonal signaling. Concerning plant development, a clear impact of the nitrogen availability on the production of lateral roots and shoot branching was highlighted for RGM. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of each rootstock seemed to be conferred to the scion inducing especially a higher shoot branching when the rootstock 1103P was used. The functional characterization of the genes involved in the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway and bioassays highlighted the production of strigolactone-like compounds in Grapevine. These experiments suggest also a contrasted balance between strigolactones and cytokinins within each rootstock genotype, correlated with their ability to control the scion growth. Taking together, these results showed a pronounced transcriptomic and developmental response to nitrogen availability for the genotype conferring the lowest scion vigour, RGM
Kichey, Thomas. "Etude agronomique, physiologique et cytologique de la remobilisation de l'azote au cours de la phase de remplissage du grain chez le blé tendre d'hiver (Triticum aestivum L. )." Amiens, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AMIE0514.
Full textCelette, Florian. "Dynamique des fonctionnements hydrique et azoté au sein d’une vigne enherbée sous le climat méditerranéen." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0009.
Full textRegina, Murillo de Albuquerque. "Réponses des cépages de Vitis vinifera L. Aux variations de l'environnement : effets de la contrainte hydrique sur la photosynthèse, la photorespiration et la teneur en acide abcissique des feuilles." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR20254.
Full textMANES, LISA. "Comportement et modes d'endommagement de deux aciers a haute teneur en azote dans un environnement cryotechnique." Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0020.
Full textDjegui, Narcisse. "Influence des systèmes de cultures sur le statut organique (particulièrement sur la dynamique de l'azote) des sols sur terres de barre du Sud-Bénin." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT001A.
Full textBougaran, Gaël. "La co-limitation par l'azote et le phosphore : étude des mécanismes chez la microalgue Tisochrysis lutea." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=06ceda60-6d3f-4260-889f-2b73e212511c.
Full textInteractions between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the growth of phytoplankton are not fully elucidated. Here, we propose the hypothesis that, since phosphorus plays a central role in energy, it can control the active transport of NO3. Our model for N-P co-limitation provides an asymmetric structure which reflects the respective roles of both nutrients and the differences in the control of absorption. The model succeeds in describing the different trends observed for N and P cell content in data sets taken from the literature. We further conducted experiments in batch and chemostat under different N: P ratios. Our results highlighted that P-limited cells were characterized by a low content of ATP and a low net absorption of NO3. When PO4 was resupplied, the cells showed a dramatic increase in the net absorption of NO3. Conversely, N limitation did not interact with the absorption of PO4 and the observations were successfully described by our model. Our experiments also raised the probable role of organic N excretion in N-P co-limitation and led us to propose a variant of our initial model. Finally, the effects of N-P co-limitation did not clearly affect the storage of lipids that responds to growth rate rather than the type of limitation
Lasserre, Frédérique. "Conception et intégration dans un SIG d'un modèle de transport des nitrates dans les aquifères libres : application sur deux bassins hydrogéologiques de la région Poitou-Charentes." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2267.
Full textAdiwimarta, Kustantinah. "Effets sur la digestion chez le ruminant de modifications de la teneur en azote associée aux parois végétales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL096N.
Full textScheiner, Javier David. "Spéciation du carbone, de l'azote et du phosphore de différentes boues de stations d'épuration au cours de leurs incubations contrölées dans deux types de sol." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000379/.
Full textFuret, Pierre-Maxime. "Déterminisme trophique du gradient acrotone de débourrement chez Rosa hybrida L. En fonction de l’intensité lumineuse." Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0064.
Full textApical control is defined as the preferential budburst of apical axillary buds along an axis (budburst acrotone gradient). Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of apical control. On a decapitated rose model with an acrotone budburst gradient, we determined the origin of the mechanisms (morphological, internal or external to the bud) involved in apical control. We studied the influence of carbon and nitrogen nutrition on apical control in different lighting regimes (low or high) and nitrogen supply regimes (low or high). We then studied carbon and nitrogen fluxes during bud break by isotopic labelling with 15N and 13C. Our results showed that the buds are morphologically identical and that they are all capable of breaking when grown in vitro. In low light conditions, the budburst profile is not modified by the addition of nitrogen. On the other hand, in high light conditions, buds all emerge when nitrogen supply is high, while the budburst profile remains acrotonous under low nitrogen supply. We have shown in low light that nitrogen is less absorbed and that the export of carbon to the roots is reduced. The nutrition of the unclogging apical bud is then very dependent on the nitrogen reserves accumulated before beheading. The expression of apical control thus seems to be determined by the nitrogen absorption capacity, which is conditioned by the light intensity. Our study has shown that the nitrogen status of the plant is a key factor in regulating apical control
Hassan, Abid Sultan. "Influence du type génétique et du taux azoté sur l'utilisation énergétique et azotée chez le poulet en croissance." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT007A.
Full textGeng, Qing Zhi. "Modélisation conjointe du cycle de l'eau et du transfert des nitrates dans un système hydrologique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0125.
Full textLindemann, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude statistique des répartitions et à la modélisation de la dynamique de l'azote nitrique dans le sol." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112364.
Full textRecous, Sylvie. "Dynamique de l'azote en sol cultivé : organisation microbienne des formes ammoniacale et nitrique, conséquences sur l'utilisation de l'azote des engrais par une culture de blé." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10049.
Full textChoné, Xavier. "Contribution à l'étude des terroirs de Bordeaux : étude des déficits hydriques modérés, de l'alimentation en azote et de leurs effets sur le potentiel aromatique des raisins de Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20917.
Full textSoil mapping of Entre-Deux-Mers area revealed various soil types. Vine water deficits have been studied with stem water potential measured with a pressure chamber. Stem water potential is a more discriminating indicator than predawn leaf water potential to assess moderate water deficits. Conversely to predawn leaf water potential, stem water potential can detect water deficit the days following summer rainfall. When water was whithholding, shoot growth speed decrease occured for stem water potential value of 0,65 MPa. This value can be considered as a threshold value of the occurence of moderate vine water deficit. Stem water potential and leaf transpiration rate are strongly linked during continuous soil dehydration. Aromatic potential of grape is upon the dependence on the precursor content (P-4MMP, P-4MMPOH, P-3MH), the glutathion content and the phenolic content. A marked nitrogen deficiency decreased the aromatic potential of the grape. Low nitrogen status is linked with high phenolic content and low glutathion and precursor content in the grape. Post veraison, moderate vine water deficit have positive effect on the aromatic potential of the grape
Mioche, Dominique. "Aspects du cycle de la matière sur les récifs frangeants de l'île de la Réunion (Océan Indien) : signature des dégradations et mécanismes de l'eutrophisation." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_15_Mioche.pdf.
Full textRichaud-Patillon, Odile. "La microfiltration tangentielle dans le traitement des eaux potables : application au cas d'une eau dénitrifiée." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT067H.
Full textAbbes, Zouhaier. "Estimation de la sensibilité et de la tolérance de différents génotypes de féverole (Vicia faba L. ) à la plante parasite Orobanche foetida Poiret : Impact du génotype hôte sur les particularités physiologiques et métaboliques du parasite." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2076.
Full textThis work aim to evaluate some sensitivity and tolerance degrees of various faba bean genotypes to O. Foetida, to characterize mechanisms involved in resistance and finally to estimate the impact of the host genotype on the parasite sink strength which controls parasite development following attachment to the host roots. Cultures were performed under field, pot and in vitro conditions. The genotype Bachaar was used as the control of high sensitivity. Among the five tested genotypes, XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1 was the less sensitive and the most productive under infestation in both field and pot assays. The root exudates of this genotype displayed low stimulatory activity for orobanche seed germination. Consequently, few tubercles developed on roots. The infection process of all these genotypes was followed in vitro. In comparison to Bachaar, the genotypes known as moderately resistant genotypes under field conditions limited growth of orobanche tubercles under in vitro conditions, especially the genotype XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1. Growth of the parasite should be mediated by soluble invertase activities and restricted following attachment to XBJ90. 03-16-1-1-1 roots by the low osmotic potential of the infected roots in addition to the organic nitrogen deficiency of the host phloem sap. On the other hand, the faba bean genotype did not influence the osmoregulation process of O. Foetida. Potassium was by far the major osmotically active compound in orobanche. Among the organic solutes, hexoses were accumulated highly in the growing stems. In contrast, tubercles displayed higher contents in starch and free amino acids, mainly in asparagine and aspartate. In parallel, asparagine/aspartate, glutamine/glutamate, alanine, serine and gamma amino butyric acid were identified as the main nitrogen compounds in the host phloem exudates. The key role of the enzymes asparagine synthetase and aspartate oxaloglutarate aminotransferase in the utilization of these host-derived amino acids is proposed in O. Foetida parasitizing faba bean
Kengni, Lucas. "Mesure in-situ des pertes d'eau et d'azote sous culture de maïs irriguée : application à la plaine de la Bièvre (Isère)." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10067.
Full textDe, Stefani Vania. "Etude de la solubilité de solides à pression modérée, liée au domaine de la cryogénie : mesures et modélisation." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1125.
Full textHien, Victor. "Pratiques culturales et évolution de la teneur en azote organique utilisable par les cultures dans un sol ferralitique du Burkina Faso." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/INPL_T_1990_HIEN_V.pdf.
Full textMathieu, Olivier. "Application du traçage isotopique 15N à l'étude du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) , gaz à effet de serre produit par l'activité microbienne des sols : quantification des flux et approche spatiale au terrain." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS050.
Full textNitrous oxide (N2O) is a trace gas involved in the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion. During this work, we have developed isotopic techniques to study N2O emissions from soils. Using the addition of a 15N–labelled substrate, allowing the simultaneous measurement of N2O and N2, observed spatial variability of N2O and N2 emissions was significant at the field scale. Results support the hypothesis that soil carbon availability influences N2O/N2 regulation. The relative contributions to N2O production of nitrification and denitrification were investigated using a pair–labelled experiment (15NH4+ or 15NH3–). Transition to saturated conditions increases the proportion of nitrified nitrogen emitted as N2O. Finally, a study of isotopic fractionation during denitrification shows a decrease in the fractionation effect with the 15N enrichment of the added substrate
Lecourt, Julien. "Rôle de la nutrition azotée dans le contrôle de l’allocation de la biomasse d’une vigne greffée : validation par marquage isotopique et modélisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22096/document.
Full textResearch on rootstock/scion interactions in grapevine in relation to the environment persisted for several decades, but the physiological mechanisms determining the rootstock effect on scion vigour are still misunderstood. This lack of knowledge hampers the development of existing rootstocks to control the vigor and productivity, or research new rootstock genotypes better adapted to future conditions of production. The objective of this work is to understand by an integrative biology approach coupling experimentation and modeling how the rootstock interacts specifically with the scion (and vice versa) to change in the early stages of grafting , the physiological characteristics of the whole plant to coordinate the development and growth of the aerial parts with the root parties. Nitrogen is considered a key element in the control of the growth and the biomass allocation within a plant, and a particular emphasis is placed on the role of nitrogen nutrition in the nutritional control of the grafted grapevine growth. Experimental work was conducted in a greenhouse to characterize by isotopic labeling nitrogen (15N) and carbon flow within the whole plant for two rootstock/scion combinations at vegetative stage : one giving a strong vigour (CS/1103P), the other a low vigour (CS / RGM), in response to a change in the external nitrate availability. This study on the coupling between acquisition functions and use of nitrogenous and carbonaceous resources was completed by a dynamic phenotyping aerial growth, the distribution of biomass between the organs and the biochemical and mineral composition of the principal organs of plant. We were able to understand the communication signals between the aerial part and the root part of grafted vines, which led to the development of a simplified conceptual model of the functioning of the grafted vines. A first version of a mechanistic model based on a source-sink formalism taking into account the acquisition and allocation of C and N in both aerial and root compartments and their plasticity to the availability of exogenous and endogenous resource was developed
Bonzi, Moussa. "Évaluation et déterminisme du bilan de l'azote en sols cultivés du centre Burkina Faso : étude par traçage isotopique [exposant]15N au cours d'essais en station et en milieu paysan." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL057N.
Full textVanderschaeve, Frédérique. "Influence de l'azote en forte concentration sur les phénomènes de précipitation dans les aciers." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10120.
Full textHameed, Hassan Rasheed. "Transformation et translocation de l'azote sous influence lombricienne et microbienne : modèles et validation écologiques." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20243.
Full textJeanmaire, Guillaume. "Précipitation des nitrures d’aluminium (AlN) dans un acier maraging à très faible teneur en azote : influence de la déformation plastique à chaud." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0162/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties of the conventional maraging steels are controlled by the choice of chemical composition and appropriate heat treatment parameters; the latter leading to martensitic microstructure and precipitation hardening phases (carbides and intermetallics). In the last decade, this steel family, that mechanical properties are in steady progress, has enabled the development of a new grade of steel, namely: the ML340TM. The performance of the ML340TM is scheduled to meet applications in the aeronautic domain. Despite a strictly controlled chemical composition, requiring very low nitrogen content, aluminium nitride (AlN) can precipitate with particle size up to few tens of microns. The precipitation of these nitrides could be at the origin of micro-cracks formation, which is responsible of the fatigue properties degradation. Improvement of the fatigue property is undoubtedly related to a drastic reduction of the nitrides size. During this study, it was found that the parameters of thermal and thermo-mechanical treatments might have an influence on microstructural features of aluminium nitrides: mass fraction, surface density, size and spatial distribution. This task was made possible thanks to the introduction of an automated method coupling the image analysis to the chemical composition. This unusual method allows discriminating, by size and by chemistry, aluminium nitrides from the other particles (carbides inclusion, etc.). The role of some of the heat treatment parameters (cooling rate, time and isothermal holding temperature, intermediate and direct quenching) on the microstructural features of aluminium nitrides has been clearly identified. Furthermore, hot plastic deformation, in the austenitic range, has a highlighted effect on the microstructure features of the aluminium nitrides. Ultimately, in this study, we have revealed that getting a submicron aluminium nitride precipitation is subjected to a controlled combination of thermal and thermo-mechanical parameters
Chevron, Florence. "Dénitrification biologique d'une nappe phréatique polluée par des composés azotés d'origine industrielle : expérimentations en laboratoire sur les cinétiques, le métabolisme et les apports de nutriments." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-234.pdf.
Full textDembélé, Oupré Claude. "Dynamique de l’azote et du carbone lors de la décomposition de trois légumineuses utilisées comme cultures de couverture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40302.
Full textGatti, Matteo. "Evaluation de l'effet du terroir sur la teneur en stilbènes du vin." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994185.
Full textLachapelle, Jean-Mathieu. "Réévaluation des besoins en azote, phosphore et potassium des cultures de brocoli, de chou et de chou-fleur en sols minéraux au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21865.
Full textLonga, Norbert. "Influence de quelques agrosystèmes lorrains sur la qualité des eaux : cas des eaux de captage de la commune de Loisy-54." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL093N.
Full textIn agricultural areas, the pollution of aquifers by nitrates is caused especially by the mineralization of soil organic matter. This phenomenon is aggravated by farming practices that use organic or mineral fertilizers to achieve maximum yield. During five years, the nitrate levels in top-soil layer (Ap and subsequent lavers) of a clayey-calcareous soil were measured. The amounts of these nitrates non immobilized by soil or by crops come directly to a mini-watersheb supplying a water-catchment of the commune of Loisy (54). The nitrate contents of water were, for several years beyond the target content of 50 mg/l (CEE norm) to range between 65 and 75 mg/l. Therefore, an attempt was made to explain the relationship between the contents of nitrates in soil and in drainage water measured weekly. In parallel, the influence of the buryinf of the straw and an intercrop culture using rape to catch the nitrates was studied during the intercrop period on bare soil. The overall balance of this work explained clearly the necessity to know the real supply of native mineral nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilizers applications should be made accounting for local climatic conditions and particularly the different stages of the development of plant crop
Litalien, Anne. "Caractérisation d'une nuance d'acier inoxydable martensitique enrichie à l'azote : résistance à la corrosion, proposition d'un traitement de trempe de surface pour application aéronautique." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES012.
Full textClark, Karen. "Transformations de l'azote dans deux sols froids après l'application d'un lisier de porc enrichi en ¹⁵N." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19296.
Full textDruart, Coline. "Effets des pesticides de la vigne sur le cycle biologique de l'escargot dans divers contextes d'exposition." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662413.
Full textClaude, Pierre-Phillippe. "Effets des cultures intercalaires dans le maïs-grain, sur le rendement en grain, la qualité édaphique, et la teneur en azote inorganique des sols." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74544.
Full textFall-ploughed red clover maintained the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates on the Ste-Rosalie clay. Spring-ploughed red clover on the other hand caused a decrease in bulk density in the top 10 cm of the Chicot loam.
The nitrogen-response of corn indicated that the intercrops did not contribute to the nitrogen regime of grain-corn. There were also indications that intercrops competed with corn for available inorganic nitrogen and water. The intercrops, however, did reduce the levels of soil inorganic nitrogen in the fall allowing for a possible decrease in the nitrogen load of soil percolates.
Despite the beneficial effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the organic nitrogen content of the soil, the presence of leguminous intercrops did not prevent the increase of the soil CN ratio.
Gerbier, Christophe. "Etude comparative de la faisabilité industrielle de procédés biologiques de dénitrification." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0057.
Full textMahieu, Stéphanie. "Assessment of the below ground contribution of field grown pea (Pisum sativum L. ) to the soil N pool." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0030.
Full textIn order to use grain legumes as a means of N acquisition in cropping systems, estimates of biological N2 fixation, N balances and the N benefit for following crops need to be improved. These estimates remain unclear, mainly because of difficulties in assessing below ground N (BGN = Root N + N rhizodeposition), especially N rhizodeposition. The aim of my Ph. D. Was to adapt and refine a 15N labelling method to measure the amount of N derived from rhizodeposition by a pea and to design a protocol for field studies. Two methods (split-root and cotton-wick) and a variety of labelling conditions were tested in the field and in the greenhouse. In addition, effects of water stress, N availability and sources of N nutrition (nitrogen fixation or inorganic N uptake) on this process were investigated on different pea varieties and isolines. The labelling frequency and concentration of the labelling solution were shown to influence the assessment of N rhizodeposition. However, results obtained with both methods were reliable when plants were labelled continuously with a diluted labelling solution. The 15N cotton-wick technique was easier to adapt and monitor in the field than the split-root method and was chosen for further field studies. The results suggest that N source and water stress have no specific effect on the proportion of total plant N allocated to the below ground parts. In the field, rhizodeposition represented around 90% of the total plant N. This should be taken into account when estimating N benefits from biological N2 fixation by a grain legume crop and for the prediction of N economies for succeeding crops in legume-based cropping systems
Mendoza-Vega, Oscar. "Contribution à l'étude de la dénitrification biologique des extraits de tabac." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD130.
Full textVoisin, Anne-Sophie. "Etude du fonctionnement des racines nodulées du pois (Pisum sativum L. ) en relation avec la disponibilité en nitrates du sol, les flux de carbone au sein de la plante et la phénologie : croissance des racines nodulées et activité fixatrice des nodosités." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS005.
Full textTrinsoutrot-Gattin, Isabelle. "Influence de la qualité biochimique et de la teneur en azote de résidus de colza (Brassica napus L) sur les biotransformations du carbone et de l'azote au cours de leur décomposition dans le sol." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10070.
Full textTexier, Michèle. "Régulation des transferts d'azote dans la rhizosphère de plantes non fixatrices d'azote (cas du blé)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20042.
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