Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'VIH'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'VIH.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rivard, France. "Le défi du VIH en assurance-vie." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/MQ46788.pdf.
Full textRivard, France. "Le défi du VIH en assurance-vie." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textHassaïne, Ghérici. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine VIF du VIH-1." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22009.
Full textBestman-Smith, Julie. "Immunoliposomes et VIH." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ55570.pdf.
Full textBallongue, Xavier. "VIH et orthopédie." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M147.
Full textGOMMY, FLORENCE. "Lymphomes et vih." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20017.
Full textLehmani, Albert. "Infection VIH en Ethiopie." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11003.
Full textValente, Alice Mercês de Pinho. "Tuberculose : reflexão sobre a actual situação da doença." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1038.
Full textBeniguel, Lydie. "Etude et modélisation de la production d'anticorps anti-VIH chez des personnes infectées par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET005T.
Full textRamos, Perfecto Donald. "Estudio comparativo de las lesiones periodontales en gestantes VIH seropositivas y VIH no seropositivas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6361.
Full textRealiza un examen sobre las lesiones periodontales, registra el índice de higiene oral y determina la situación socioeconómica, educación y hábitos de higiene bucal, las cuales fueron variables del estudio, en gestantes VIH seropositivas (grupo de estudio) y gestantes VIH no seropositivas (grupo control) de los Hospitales Maternidad de Lima y San Bartolomé, en Lima, Perú, durante el año 1999. Es una investigación de tipo comparativo, transversal, prospectivo. Utiliza una muestra total de 60 pacientes, 30 del grupo control y 30 del grupo de estudio, ambos localizados. Obtiene que ambos grupos presentan lesiones periodontales desde las más simples hasta las moderadamente severas, lo mas resaltante es que en relación a pacientes, el agrandamiento gingival se encuentra en el 33.3% del grupo de estudio y 13.3% en el grupo control, existiendo aquí una diferencia. En relación al número de piezas dentarias, la gingivitis marginal localizada es identificada 282 veces en el grupo de estudio (71.3%) y 209 casos en el grupo control (62.4%). La situación socioeconómica de ambos grupos es de media y baja. El índice de higiene oral, que presenta mayor porcentaje, en ambos grupos es de regular a malo, presenta una mala calificación en lo que concierne a educación y hábitos de higiene oral. Los estudios estadísticos, para esta investigación, encuentran
Tesis
Brégnard, Christelle. "Etude des mécanismes viraux et cellulaires qui régulent l’infection par le Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T025.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Nangola, Sawitree. "The interference of human immunodeficiency virus assembly and maturation by ankyrin repeat proteins." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112044.
Full textPresently, the standard regimen for antiretroviral treatment is highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, this strategy inherits the well-known side effects and is prone to promote the HIV drug-resistant strains. As a consequence, gene therapy has been introduced as an alternative approach. In this study, we aimed to discover the novel protein-based agents for intervening viral replication by gene targeting procedure. Regarding the efficient folding dynamic in cytoplasm, ankyrin repeat protein was considered to be a candidate scaffold. Several engineered ankyrin binders specific to HIV MA-CA domain were successfully retrieved from the ankyrin-displayed phage library. Three positive clones with high binding activity by ELISA were selected for further analyzing their binding property in soluble form. The best binder, 1D4, recognized its epitope located on CA domain as shown by Western immunobloting and ELISA. The affinity of 1D4 against H6MA-CA was 0.45 μM with one to two moles of target molecule determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Although 1D4 exhibited no effect on viral maturation as verified by an ELISA based HIV protease assay technique, it disturbed the viral assembly process in Sup-T1 cells which stably expressed the myristoylated 1D4. This finding has provided a concrete prospect for HIV life cycle interruption by stem cell gene therapy in the future
DEYA, JEAN-MARIE. "Fievres d'etiologie obscure et vih." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20164.
Full textPerez-Bercoff, Danielle. "L'activation des macrophages via les RFcγ inhibe la réplication du VIH-1." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077144.
Full textAlfonso-Candela, Géma. "Etude de l'observance thérapeutique chez les patients infectés par le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral au centre Hospitalier de la Basse-Terre." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0313.
Full textIntroduction: We prepared a study observational troops, in whom we evaluate the various factors that influence the observance within the framework of the patients HIV and their antiretroviral treatment. As weil as the percentage of nonobservance and therapeutic failure of the patients followed to the Hospital of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Methods: the investigation related to 138 patients under antiretroviral treatment at least for 6 months, which answered a questionnaire of self-evaluation of the factors facilitators and barriers the observance. Results : The percentage of not-observance was estimated at 29,71 % and the found therapeutic failure was 45,65%. Various demographic factors, cultural and social that we evaluate explain this failure. Conclusion: To understand the factors associated with the observance in order to be able to increase it became a major stake of research like promoting the interventions of therapeutic education to make known with the patients their disease and their treatment, not only at the moment of initiation of the treatment but also throughout all treatment
Gaston, Fabrice. "Développement d'inhibiteurs d'entrée du virus VIH-1." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417674.
Full textLambelé, Marie. "Etude du trafic intracellulaire des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe d'isolats primaires du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 et de son impact sur l'assemblage viral." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3801.
Full textThe envelope glycoprotein (Env. ) of HIV-1 is characterized by an important polymorphism that can affect motifs involved in the regulation of the intracellular trafficking. Her, we investigated four envelope genes with natural polymorphism within these motifs. We showed that this polymorphism might influence the intracellular distribution of Env. This modification affects viral assembly by diminution of Env incorporation into virions and, thus, viral replication capacity. Furthermore, it seems that additional determinants regulate intacellular trafficking of primary Env. This traffic's modification could in part contribute to viral evade from immune system. These work bring new insight in the understanding of viral life and its capacity to insure optimal propagation in vivo
Falcón, Pizarro Iván Andrés. "Demandas políticas de las organizaciones de la diversidad sexual 2000-2005: la guerra de los colas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145682.
Full text“Demandas políticas de las organizaciones de la diversidad sexual 2000-2005: la guerra de los colas” es una investigación que recorre los principales hitos de la lucha que han emprendido las organizaciones sexuales por la obtención de derechos civiles desde 1973, año de la primera marcha homosexual en el país, hasta el período 2000-2005, que coincide con la activación política de distintos actores que emergen tras la despenalización de la sodomía en Chile. El reportaje describe cuáles son las demandas que han nacido en el tiempo acotado, del mismo modo en que se sumerge en el trabajo de las asociaciones y sus dirigentes que luchan día a día contra la discriminación. Mediante el análisis de los datos recogidos a través de entrevistas y la recopilación de información, el reportaje fue dividido en seis capítulos agrupados en ámbitos de acuerdo a las demandas levantadas por los mismos grupos. Finalmente, se llega a un apartado de conclusiones en que se plantean los desafíos de la lucha de gays, lesbianas, bisexuales y trans de cara al Bicentenario de la República.
Coulon, Myriam. "Vivre avec le VIH en Languedoc-Roussillon : comportements, strastratégies et logiques sociales de personnes VIH." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21013.
Full textMzoughi, Olfa. "Développement d'inhibiteurs de l'entrée du VIH-1." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1974/.
Full textHIV-1 entry is a dynamic process with two main actors: HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins: gp120 and gp41. The entry is a key step of the infection: blockade of this step leads to an inhibition of the viral replication. Our main focus in this project is the key actor of the viral entry and fusion: gp41. The main goal of our work was to develop antiviral therapies against HIV-1 entry and the pathways triggered by the HIV-1 entry. We developped in this work HIV-1 entry inhibitors using two strategies were used: i) the development of immunogens capable to induce neutralizing antibodies, ii) the modeling and synthesis of peptide inhibitors derived from the HR1 or N36 and HR2 or C34 regions of gp41. In a second part, we have evaluated the effect of PKC pathways on HIV-1 replication. We studied, in the first part, the complex formed by the HR1 and HR2 domains, the purification of this complex, its stability and its ability to induce neutralizing antibodies, in a vaccine approach. This work has showed that HR1-HR2 complex is rapidly formed (less than 1 min) and remained stable as demonstrated by its inability, in contrast to each free peptide, to inhibit syncytia formation. Purified preformed HR1-HR2 complex and monomeric HR1 and HR2 peptides are immunogenic in mice and induce antibodies that recognize total HIV-1 envelope. They neutralize fusion when incubated at 27°C. Finally, these antibodies inhibit the anti-viral activity of peptide inhibitors by forming antigen-antibody complexes. The HR1-HR2 complex does not seem to be the optimal immunogen in order to induce neutralizing antibodies. In the second part of our study, the main focus was the development of peptide inhibitors analogues of C34 and N36 with fewer limitations. We synthetized two Trimers: TrimerN36 and TrimerC34 using an original approach based on a minimal linker composed of five lysines. Our results showed that these trimers could interact with the HRI or HRII regions. Both trimers have high antiviral activities with an ameliorated antiviral activity, for the TrimerN36 compared to the monomer N36. In the last part, we studied the signaling pathways activated upon HIV-1 entry. Indeed, the attachment of HIV-1 to its receptor and coreceptor is accompanied by the activation of multiple pathways including that of PKC. We have shown, using chemical inhibitors, oligonucleotides and siRNA, the crucial role of PKC delta isoform in viral replication
Conca, Binfa Bárbara. "Funcionamiento neuropsicológico de niños escolares infectados verticalmente por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143853.
Full textAntecedentes: El estudio de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas asociadas a la infección por VIH en escolares resulta relevante dado el aumento en la expectativa de vida de estos niños producto del uso de terapias antiretrovirales y de las importantes implicancias que estas alteraciones pueden tener en su calidad de vida y en sus posibilidades de inserción social y laboral. Una revisión de las investigaciones pone de relieve la inconsistencia de los hallazgos en esta materia, la falta de información respecto a nuestra población infantil, y la importancia de estos resultados para el ámbito médico, educacional y clínico. Propósito: Este proyecto tiene como objetivo explorar el funcionamiento neuropsicológico de niños entre 5 y 15 años infectados verticalmente por VIH y su progresión en las diferentes etapas clínicas de la infección, así como identificar un posible perfil de funcionamiento. Material y Método: Utilizando la batería del desarrollo neuropsicológico NEPSY II se evaluó el rendimiento de 27 niños con VIH en cinco áreas: funciones ejecutivas, atención, lenguaje, memoria, procesamiento sensoriomotriz y procesamiento visoperceptivo, y luego se comparó con el rendimiento de un grupo control compuesto por 28 niños pareados por edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: Los resultados muestran un perfil neuropsicológico -en relación al grupo control- caracterizado por un rendimiento significativamente disminuido en el funcionamiento ejecutivo (control inhibitorio y flexibilidad cognitiva), lenguaje comprensivo y expresivo y en las habilidades motoras finas. En el funcionamiento neuropsicológico no se observó un deterioro en las diferentes etapas de la infección, exceptuando el lenguaje. Discusión: Los hallazgos encontrados en este estudio resultan fundamentales para una nueva conceptualizacion y enfoque en los programas de rehabilitación y tratamiento de los niños con VIH, así como dejan al descubierto la necesidad de ampliar la mirada en el trabajo con este enfermedad crónica en la infancia. Por último, queda en evidencia la importancia de continuar con diversas líneas de investigacion desde la psicología que permitan mejorar aún más la calidad de vida de estos niños y adolescentes
Merabet-Bouraoui, Naïma. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique d'inhibiteurs de la dimérisation de la protéase du VIH-1." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA110048.
Full textNew "molecular tongs" based on naphthalene and quinoline scaffolds linked to two peptidic strands were synthesized. They were designed to prevent dimerization of RN -1 protease, at the antiparallelj3- sheet structure level involving N- and C-termini of each monomer. Seventeen new molecular tongs were synthesized with dipeptidic or tripeptidic strands. These molecules were assayed on HIV-1 protease following Zhang kinetic techniques. Twelve molecules were shown as pure dimerization inhibitors, mostly in submicromolar range. Dimerization inhibition was ascertained using ANS fluorescence and gel filtration experiments which showed the dissociation of HIV-1 protease dimeric form in presence of synthesized molecular tongs
Pellegrin, Isabelle. "Etude viro-immunologique de la primo-infection par le VIH-1 : initiation et suivi longitudinal sur 3 ans d'une cohorte bordelaise." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28514.
Full textBorel, Sophie. "Etude de l’interaction entre la protéine Vif du VIH-1 et la protéine LC3 impliquée dans le processus autophagique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13518/document.
Full textAutophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway involved in the innate and adaptative immunity. The relationship between the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and autophagy is complex. The team has demonstrated that autophagy is induced in uninfected CD4 T cells after contact with infected cells expressing HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env), leading to apoptosis. In contrast, when these cells are productively infected, autophagy is repressed, suggesting that one or several viral proteins are able to block this process. The aim of the thesis was to search these viral proteins and to determine their mechanism of action. A two-hybrid screen has revealed that several HIV-1 viral proteins are able to interact with autophagic proteins (Atg). In particular, Vif (Virion infectivity factor) interacts directly with LC3, a protein involved in the formation of autophagosomes. This interaction has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo (GST pull-down and immunoprecipitation). Several mutants of Vif and LC3 have been done to analyze the binding domains. The C-terminal part of Vif and the C-terminal glycine of LC3, responsible for the conjugation to PE, seem to be involved in the interaction between Vif and LC3.Vif plays an important role during HIV-1 infection. One of its main functions is to degrade, by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the antiviral factors called APOBECs (Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like) and in particular APOBEC3G (A3G). Our results demonstrate that Vif is involved in the blockade of Env-mediated autophagy independently of its role on A3G
Préau, Marie. "Evaluation psychosociale de la qualité de vie des patients infectés par le VIH." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10077.
Full textThiebaut, Rodolphe. "Modélisation longitudinales de marqueur du VIH." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121899.
Full textépidémiologie. Le taux de lymphocytes T CD4+ et la charge virale plasmatique sont des
marqueurs très important de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH).
La modélisation de l'évolution de ces marqueurs présente plusieurs difficultés
méthodologiques. D'une part, il s'agit de données répétées incomplètes c'est à dire pouvant
être manquantes du fait de la sortie d'étude de certains sujets et de la censure de la charge
virale liée à une limite de détection inférieure des techniques de mesure. D'autre part, ces
deux marqueurs étant corrélés, il est important de prendre en compte cette information dans le
modèle. Nous avons proposé des méthodes basées sur le maximum de vraisemblance pour
estimer les paramètres de modèles linéaires mixtes prenant en compte l'ensemble de ces
difficultés. Nous avons montré l'impact significatif de ces méthodes biostatistiques sur les
estimations et donc nous avons souligné l'importance de leur utilisation dans le cadre des
marqueurs du VIH. Pour promouvoir leur diffusion, nous avons présenté des possibilités
d'implémentation de certaines des méthodes proposées dans des logiciels statistiques
communs.
Côté, Nancy. "Vivre au quotidien avec le VIH." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25539.pdf.
Full textDomingue, Mena Pascale. "Lymphome malin et serologie vih positive." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31114.
Full textMlika, Cabanne Najoua. "Tuberculose et vih en afrique centrale." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T015.
Full textGiordanengo, Valérie. "Glycoproteines lymphocytaires, infection vih et autoimmunite." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX20652.
Full textDUMAURIER, MARIE-JEANNE. "Immunopathogenese de l'infection par le vih." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066148.
Full textThiébaut, Rodolphe. "Modélisation longitudinale de marqueurs du VIH." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28988.
Full textThe study of evolution and prognostic value of markers is usual in epidemiology. The CD4+T lymphocytes cell count and the plasma viral load are useful markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). The modelling of those markers evolution raises several methodological difficulties. First of all, these is incomplete data including missing data because of subjects drop-out and censored observation because of a lower quantification limit of assays. Moreover, two markers are corelated and it is important to take into account this information in the model. We proposed maximum likelihood based methods to estimate the parameters of linear mixed models handling all of these difficulties. We showed the significant impact of these biostatistical methods on the estimations and we underlined their usefulness for HIV markers. To promote their spread, we presented possibilities to implement some of the proposed methods in standard statistical software
Feugeas, Olivier. "Pcr (polymerase chain reaction) et vih." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M264.
Full textReyna, Vargas Oscar Meliton. "Factores de riesgo asociados al Síndrome Metabólico en la infección por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana durante terapia antirretroviral de gran actividad en el Centro Medico Naval Periodo Enero a Diciembre 2008." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2091.
Full textTesis de segunda especialidad
Pérez, Nueno Violeta Isabel. "Herramientas de cribado virtual aplicadas a inhibidores de entrada del VIH. Diseño de nuevos compuestos anti-VIH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9311.
Full textPer al cribatge virtual basat en el receptor, s'han millorat els models dels co-receptors CXCR4 i CCR5 construïts a la secció de disseny molecular de l'IQS, i s'han portat a terme assajos preliminars de mode d'unió utilitzant aquests models i lligands coneguts d'elevada afinitat. Així mateix, s'ha analitzat el comportament en el cribatge virtual i en el post-processat de resultats de docking de diferents fingerprints d'interacció en comparació amb els resultats obtinguts per un nou fingerprint d'interacció (APIF) desenvolupat a la secció de disseny molecular de l'IQS.
Per al cribatge virtual basat en lligands, s'han comparat models farmacofòrics i diverses aproximacions basades en la forma i propietats moleculars utilitzant lligands d'elevada afinitat com a molècules de referència. A més, s'ha desenvolupat una nova aproximació basada en la forma molecular, la qual s'ha utilitzat per a estudiar en profunditat la hipòtesi de la multi-regió d'unió de la cavitat d'unió extracel·lular del co-receptor CCR5.
Tots els mètodes, ja siguin basats en el receptor o en lligands coneguts, s'han aplicat en primer lloc de manera retrospectiva utilitzant una extensa base de dades d'inhibidors de CXCR4/CCR5 i suposats inactius, similars en propietats als actius, recopilada en aquesta tesi. Per a cada receptor, la quimioteca ha estat cribada utilitzat inhibidors coneguts, S'han analitzat els factors d'enriquiment i la diversitat a les llistes finals de hits. A més, s'han portat a terme anàlisis ROC per a ambdós inhibidors de CXCR4 i CCR5 amb la finalitat de comparar l'habilitat del nou algoritme basat en la igualtat de formes de lligands amb la resta d'aproximacions de cribatge utilitzades.
Una vegada validades les diferents aproximacions de cribatge i seleccionats els millors paràmetres per a cadascuna d'elles, s'han aplicat les eines de cribatge virtual de manera prospectiva sobre una quimioteca combinatòria dissenyada a la secció de disseny molecular de l'IQS, així com tècniques de disseny de novo de lligands per tal d'identificar nous bloquejadors de l'entrada del VIH a les cèl·lules.
Los inhibidores de entrada del VIH han surgido recientemente como una nueva generación de fármacos antiretrovirales, los cuales bloquean la unión del virus con los co-receptores de membrana CXCR4 y CCR5. Se han desarrollado diversas moléculas pequeñas antagonistas de estos co-receptores, algunas de las cuales están actualmente en fase de ensayo clínico. Sin embargo, dado que no existen estructuras cristalográficas para estos co-receptores proteicos, es necesario analizar los modos de unión de inhibidores conocidos a la cavidad de unión extracelular de los co-receptores mediante experimentos de mutagénesis dirigida y estudios computacionales. En general, el objetivo de estas aproximaciones computacionales es cribar un gran número de compuestos candidatos a fármacos rápidamente. El cribado virtual se ha convertido recientemente en un complemento útil de los métodos de cribado experimentales high-throughput screening para grandes librerías de compuestos. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis se ha llevado a cabo un protocolo de cribado virtual, mediante aproximaciones basadas en el receptor y en ligandos activos conocidos, con el fin de encontrar antagonistas de CXCR4 y CCR5 que puedan servir como potenciales inhibidores de entrada del VIH.
Para el cribado virtual basado en el receptor, se han mejorado los modelos de los co-receptores CXCR4 y CCR5 construidos en la sección de diseño molecular del IQS, y se han llevado a cabo ensayos preliminares de modo de unión utilizando estos modelos y ligandos conocidos de elevada afinidad. Asimismo, se ha analizado el comportamiento en el cribado virtual y en el post-procesado de resultados de docking de diferentes fingerprints de interacción en comparación con los resultados obtenidos por un nuevo fingerprint de interacción (APIF) desarrollado en la sección de diseño molecular del IQS.
Para el cribado virtual basado en ligandos, se han comparado modelos farmacofóricos y diversas aproximaciones basadas en la forma y propiedades moleculares utilizando ligandos de elevada afinidad como moléculas de referencia. Además, se ha desarrollado una nueva aproximación basada en la forma molecular, la cual se ha utilizado para estudiar en profundidad la hipótesis de la multi-región de unión de la cavidad de unión extracelular del co-receptor CCR5.
Todos los métodos, ya sean basados en el receptor o en ligandos conocidos, se han aplicado en primer lugar de manera retrospectiva utilizando una extensa base de datos de inhibidores de CXCR4/CCR5 y supuestos inactivos, similares en propiedades a los activos, recopilada en esta tesis. Para cada receptor, la quimioteca ha sido cribada utilizando inhibidores conocidos, Se han analizado los factores de enriquecimiento y la diversidad en las listas finales de hits. Además, se han llevado a cabo análisis ROC para ambos inhibidores de CXCR4 y CCR5 con el fin de comparar la habilidad del nuevo algoritmo basado en la igualdad de formas de ligandos con el resto de aproximaciones de cribado utilizadas.
Una vez validadas las diferentes aproximaciones de cribado y seleccionados los mejores parámetros para cada una de ellas, se han aplicado las herramientas de cribado virtual de manera prospectiva sobre una quimioteca combinatoria diseñada en la sección de diseño molecular del IQS, así como técnicas de diseño de novo de ligandos para identificar nuevos bloqueadores de la entrada del VIH a las células.
HIV entry inhibitors have emerged as a new generation of antiretroviral drugs that block viral fusion with the CXCR4 and CCR5 membrane co-receptors. Several small molecule antagonists for these co-receptors have been developed, some of which are currently in clinical trials. However, because no crystal structures for the co-receptor proteins are available, the binding modes of the known inhibitors within the co-receptor extracellular pockets need to be analyzed by means of site-directed mutagenesis and computational experiments. Generally, the objective of these computational approaches is to screen large numbers of candidate drug compounds rapidly. Virtual screening has recently become a useful complement to laboratory-based high-throughput screening methods for large libraries of compounds. Hence, in this thesis, a virtual screening protocol, using several receptor-based and ligand-based approaches, has been performed to find CXCR4 and CCR5 antagonists that could potentially serve as HIV entry inhibitors.
For receptor-based virtual screening, homology models of CXCR4 and CCR5 co-receptors built in our research group have been improved, and preliminary binding mode analyses using these models and high affinity known ligands have been carried out. Also, the performance in virtual screening and docking post-processing of different interaction fingerprints, compared to the results obtained with a new interaction fingerprint (APIF) developed in our research group, has been analysed.
For ligand-based virtual screening, pharmacophore modelling and several shape-based and property-based molecular comparison approaches have been compared, using high-affinity ligands as query molecules. Also, a novel consensus shape-based virtual screening approach has been developed and used to investigate and add further evidence for multiple binding sites within the CCR5 extracellular pocket hypothesis.
All the receptor-based and ligand-based methods have been firstly applied in a retrospective virtual screening, using a large database of known CXCR4/CCR5 inhibitors and similar presumed inactive molecules assembled in this thesis. For each receptor, the library has been queried using known binders, and the enrichment factors and diversity of the resulting virtual hit lists have been analyzed. Moreover, receiver-operator-characteristic analyses for both CXCR4 and CCR5 inhibitors have been carried out in order to compare the performance of the new consensus shape matching algorithm with the other screening approaches used.
Once the different virtual screening approaches have been validated and the best parameters for each one have been selected, prospective virtual screening of a combinatorial library designed by our research group and de novo design methods have been applied to identify new HIV entry blockers.
Kanja, Marine. "Coévolution dans le gène pol du VIH-1 : un carrefour aux frontières de nouvelles espèces du VIH." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ077/document.
Full textIntegrase (IN) is one of the viral enzymes ensuring HIV replication. The functionality of proteins, which, like those from HIV, have sequence variability, relies on nonconserved residues, in addition to the conserved amino acids between strains, which have an important role especially when they are part of coevolution networks. These networks can counteract the deleterious effect of a mutation by introducing compensatory mutations elsewhere in the protein. This work has demonstrated, through a comparative study of different strains of HIV, extensive coevolution networks in IN. A major result is the identification of a new motif that provides multiple roles in the infectious cycle. The pattern differs between HIV groups M and O, but is strictly conserved within these two groups despite some genetic flexibility in cell culture. This suggests that these groups followed convergent, although distinct, evolution pathways
AOUIZERAT, JACK. "Chimisme gastrique et infection liee au virus vih : etude prospective de patients infectes par le virus vih." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6549.
Full textZerhouni, Bouchra. "Activités lymphocytaires cytotoxiques anti-VIH chez les patients infectés par le VIH et chez les couples discordants." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T021.
Full textClaverie, Marie-Pierre. "L'approche psychosomatique dans la compréhension de l'évolution d'une maladie infectieuse : psychosomatique et immunité." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20025.
Full textPsychosomatic and AIDS, contribution to evaluation of disease evolution. This study of 19 subjects afflicted with HIV infection demonstrates that their symptomatic variability in terms of stabilization depends of the quality of psychic functioning. The analysis and interpretation of data from Toranto Alexithymia scale, from Rorschach protocols, KAPP and clinical research interviews tend to hypothesis that the somatic improument and the ability to cope with the disease depends of the quality of psychic functioning
Beaumont, Elodie. "Étude de l'émergence in vivo d'un variant de virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 portant des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe naturellement tronquées dans leur domaine cytoplasmique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3126/document.
Full textThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) typically encodes envelope glycoprotein transmembrane subunits with long cytoplasmic tails (CTs) involved in viral infectivity and morphogenesis. The integrity of the gp41 CT thus seems to be essential for viral replication in vitro and in vivo. However, we report here the emergence and dominance in vivo of a primary HIV-1 variant carrying a natural 20-amino-acid truncation of the gp41 CT. Such a deletion would therefore be expected to impair viral replication. The aims of this study were thus to assess the functional consequences of the gp41 truncation and to identify the molecular mechanisms by which a primary HIV-1 harboring such a deletion in the gp41 CT maintained its ability to replicate efficiently in vivo. Our findings reveal that replication capacity of a primary HIV-1 carrying truncated CT could be rescued by compensatory mechanisms involving mutations in the matrix protein. In conclusion, our findings provide new insignt into HIV-1 assembly and evolution potential in vivo
Tagnouokam, Ngoupo Paul Alain. "Fréquence et profil génétique des doubles infections VIH-1/M+O et formes recombinantes VIH-1/MO au Cameroun." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR11.
Full textFrequency and genetic profile of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/1V10 recombinant forms circulating in Cameroon Despite the great genetic divergence between the pandemic HIV-1/M and non pandemic HIV-1/0, four HIV-1/MO intergroup recombinants have been reported in 1999 and 2010. In Cameroon, the co-circulation of two groups (M and 0) provides an ideal environment for HIV-1/MO recombination to occur. In a previous work, we reported new dual infections and six HIV-LIMO putative recombinant forms, associated to or not to dual infections. However, this study had some epidemiological and technical limitations. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the frequency and to characterize genetic profiles of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections, as well as HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon. From March 2013 to June 2015, 275 HIV infected patients from Centre Pasteur of Cameroon were included in the study, based on serotyping test, enabling to distinguish HIV serotypes M, 0 and M+0. HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0 specific PCR were further performed in the pol and env genes, in order to confirm serological reactivities, and to detect pollenv discordance, characteristic of putative recombinants. In the likelihood of M+0 dual infections and/or presence of MO recombinant, a breakpoint in the vpr gene, considered a hotspot of recombination was investigated. Finally, full length genomes of recombinants were characterized and genetic link with previous recombinants was investigated by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 275 patients, 199 (72. 4%) were HIV-1/M mono-reactive, 47(17. 1%) HIV-1/0 mono-reactive, and 29 (10. 5%) were M+0 dual reactive. HIV-1/M+0 dual infections were identified in 4 patients (1. 4%), and the presence of recombinants forms in 3 patients (1. 1%). The first recombinant form was detected in a husband and his wife, and was not associated to dual infection, and the second recombinant form was associated to a parental HIV-1/M virus. Full length genomes characterization identified recombinant breakpoints in the vpr gene and the LTR region for the first recombinant form, and in the vpu gene and the LTR region for the second form. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found. HIV-1/M subtypes and HIV-1/0 sub-groups were concordant with the present molecular epidemiology of HIV infection in Cameroon, that is, the predominance of CRF02_AG and HIV-1/0 sub-group H. Geographical origins of patients with HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/M0 recombinants showed that they were from five administrative regions of Cameroon. In this study, we described seven new cases of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/MO recombinants, thus confirming the co-circulation of these forms in Cameroon. Even though their frequency remains low, these forms are found in different geographical regions of Cameroon, pointing out their diffusion potential. We also characterized full length genomes of two new HIV-1/MO recombinants, and identified breakpoints in vpr and vpu genes as well as LTR regions. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found, showing the circulation of multiple URFs, and the great dynamic evolution between HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0. It is therefore, necessary to improve the surveillance of HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon, in order to detect potential emergence of a CRF_MO, and to further study their virological and phenotypic properties
Kony, Sabine. "Tuberculose et infection à VIH au Sénégal." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T061.
Full textOur studies on tuberculosis and HIV were performed in Dakar, Senegal, in an African context characterized by the deprivation of health care facilities and a growing number of persons affected by tuberculosis and HIV. In particular, the problems of tuberculosis diagnosis, which is a major condition of its control, and lack of means for HIV-positive patient management are prevalent. These studies tum around three facets: 1/ pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis difficulties associated with negative sputum acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) smears, since finding AFB in sputum by direct microscopy is often the only way to confirm tuberculosis diagnosis, 2/ the clinical, biological and radiographie signification of severe CD4+ depletion observed in HIV- negative patients with tuberculosis, and 3/ a means of compensating for the inaccessibility of CD4+ numeration, an important tool in the management of HIV-positive patients, in particular to establish the appropriate timing of prevention of opportunistic infections with cotrimoxazole. Among 450 hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 40 (9%) were HIV-positive, 85 (19%) patients had a negative sputum AFB smear. This phenomenon was more frequent in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients (35% versus 17%, p=0. 01) and its risk factors were: absence of cough, absence of cavitation, HIV seropositivity, a CD4+ cell count 200/mm³ and an age >40 years. These results are consistent with most of other African studies and confirm the need to develop diagnosis algorithms for this form of tuberculosis. Among 430 HIV-negative hospitalized patients with tuberculosis, severe CD4+ depletions (<300/mm³) were frequent (14%), suggesting, with other results already published, an existing association between tuberculosis and the "idiopathie CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia". Our results also suggested that these depletions were associated with more advanced disease and accompanying immunodepression. Regarding HIV-positive patient management, we have developed a simple score to predict CD4+ cell counts <400/mm³, for use as a decision tool for prevention by cotrimoxazole
Perraud, Aurélie. "Etude d'un ligand de haute affinité pour l'intégrase du VIH-1 : structure et mécanisme d'inhibition in vitro et ex vivo de l'oligodeoxynucleotide 93del." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21377.
Full textHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection still remains a serious problem. Finding new antiretroviral is needed. Integrase (IN) is a potential therapeutical target. Selected by a combinatory strategy, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 93del inhibits specifically in vitro activities of IN catalysed by different enzyme oligomeric forms. In solution, ODN 93del is structured in a dimeric G quartet. In a molecular docking model, it is able to fit in a cavity formed by a tetramer of IN. As integration is catalysed by this oligomer, IN tetrameric would be the target of inhibitors in infected cell. Moreover, 93del inhibits early steps of viral cycle ex vivo. Consequently, ODN 93del might be used as a model to find new inhibitors
Goujon, Caroline. "Caractérisation des fonctions de la protéine Vpx dans l'infection lentivirale des cellules dendritiques humaines." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0402.
Full textThe HIV-1 lentivirus targets mainly T CD4+ cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). The latter cell type is a pivotal player in the regulation of the immune system and exerts a major role during viral dissemination and is thus a potential target of gene and cellular therapy. As a consequence, the study of the early steps of lentiviral infection in DCs is important both for the understanding of HIV biology and for improving lentiviral vectors mediated gene transfer in this cell type. DCs are less permissive to lentiviral infection than other cells targeted by HIV. We have shown that DCs were specifically refractory to the infection with mutant vectors (LVs) such as the heterologous LVs, in which the proteins of HIV-1 encapsidate a genome derived from SIVMAC. The addition of virus-like-particles derived from SIVMAC restores the infection with the heterologous LVs and surprisingly increases the infection with LVs from different origins. The viral protein Vpx coded by members of the HIV-2/SIVSM lineage is responsible for this effect. This protein was previously thought to participate in the nuclear import of viral DNA. Here, we describe a novel role for Vpx in the accumulation of retroviral DNA specifically in DCs. Our data suggest that Vpx modifies DCs to increase their permissivity to the infection by promoting the retroviral escape from a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. The study of the positive effect of Vpx on LVs infection of DCs allowed us to uncover the possible existence of a potential restriction pathway of lentiviral infection in this cell type that may be responsible for its poor susceptibility to the infection
Ammar, Farah. "Analyse des mécanismes d'inhibition de l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066327.
Full textRetroviral Integrase (IN) catalyzes integration of viral cDNA into the infected cell chromosome in a two-step reaction: the 3’processing (3’P) and the strand transfer (ST). The ST reaction is inhibited by diketoacids or isosteres as raltegravir (RAL) approved by FDA for use in anti-AIDS therapy or TB11 that acts also on the 3’P reaction. The comparative study of the two compoundsdemonstrate that TB11 similarly to RAL interacts with the free LTR ends, either processed or unprocessed, although with a much lower affinity compared with RAL. For each compound, we found a good agreement between the affinity values for processed LTR and the in vitro IC50 values reported for ST inhibition, suggesting a functional relationship between drug binding to DNA and ST inhibition. TB11, unlike RAL, binds to free IN and intercalates into DNA base pairs upon increase of drug concentration which could be at the basis of its high toxicity. The understanding of the inhibition mechanism of INwas pursued by the study of two monoclonal antibodies anti-K159 (147-175 peptide of HIV-1 IN), 4C6 and 4F4. The antibodies recognize epitopes lying in the N-terminal portion and in the C-terminal portion of K159. Results show that 1) both antibodies are able to recognize their epitopes in the entire IN; 2) IN uses common residues to interact with the viral DNA and the antibody and 3) antibodies recognize epitopes with very high affinity. Our results on ST inhibitors can be used for developmentof a new family of inhibitors interacting preferentially with viral DNA, thereby inducing less resistance mutations in IN, those on antibodies should help us in the search of inhibitors acting preferentially on 3’P
Rosny, Eve de. "Nouvelles séries d'inhibiteurs peptidiques et non peptidiques de la protéase du VIH-1 : études cinétiques et mécanistiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MARN0011.
Full textMickoto, Carole. "Vivre avec l'infection par le VIH : étude réalisée en France et au Gabon." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3022.
Full textMorón-López, Sara. "Evaluation of clinical strategies to cure HIV-1 infection in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394080.
Full textEl desarrollo de fármacos que inhiben el ciclo de replicación del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1), conocidos como terapia antirretroviral combinada (TAR), fue uno de los mayores éxitos clínicos del siglo XX. Sin embargo, a pesar de que este tratamiento suprime eficientemente la replicación viral, mejora la función inmunológica y disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA), la TAR no es capaz de curar esta infección y tiene diversas limitaciones: (i) no puede reducir completamente la inflamación crónica ni la inmunosenescencia, (ii) no puede erradicar las células latentemente infectadas, y (iii) requiere adherencia diaria al tratamiento para evitar el rebote viral, la resistencia a fármacos y la progresión de la enfermedad. Por tanto, el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias con el objetivo de curar la infección por VIH-1 es un requisito ineludible a nivel mundial. Las estrategias que están siendo actualmente evaluadas son: la optimización del tratamiento antirretroviral, la inmunoterapia, la reactivación de latencia, la vacunación terapéutica, y la terapia celular y génica. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar el potencial curativo de cuatro estudios clínicos basados en: (i) inmunoterapia con interferón-α (IFNα), (ii) reactivación de latencia con carbonato de litio, (iii) vacunación terapéutica con inmunógeno de regiones conservadas de VIH-1 (MVA.HIVconsv), y (iv) terapia celular con trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas usando células de cordón umbilical resistentes a la infección por VIH-1. Todos estos estudios se realizaron en individuos tratados en fase crónica y con viremia suprimida. Para ello se analizaron marcadores virológicos e inmunológicos para cuantificar el reservorio de VIH-1 y la función inmunológica, utilizando métodos de biología celular y molecular. Los resultados mostraron que tanto la inmunoterapia con IFNα como la administración de litio se podrían usar como implementación del tratamiento, en combinación con la TAR, ya que ambos actúan como represores virales. Además, se observó que la vacuna de región conservada MVA.HIVconsv genera respuestas citotóxicas específicas contra regiones conservadas del genoma de VIH-1; sin embargo, estas respuestas no son suficientes para afectar al reservorio de VIH-1, de modo que esta vacunación debería ser administrada en combinación con agentes reactivadores de la latencia. Finalmente, el trasplante alogénico con células de cordón umbilical resistente a la infección por VIH-1 mostró que el paciente infectado con VIH-1 tratado podría haberse curado mediante esta estrategia terapéutica. Desafortunadamente, el paciente falleció tres meses después del trasplante debido a una rápida progresión del linfoma que padecía, y no fue posible confirmar esta hipótesis con análisis posteriores. Por consiguiente, es necesario realizar más estudios clínicos basados en éstas o nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para conseguir un tratamiento, de aplicación generalizada para todos los individuos infectados por VIH, el cual permita conseguir curar definitivamente esta pandemia.
The development of drugs that inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication cycle, known as combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), was one of the major clinical successes of the 20th century. However, despite the fact that this treatment efficiently suppresses viral replication, improves the immune function and decreases the morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), ART cannot cure this infection and has several limitations, as it: (i) cannot completely decrease the chronic inflammation and immunosenescence, (ii) cannot eradicate the latently infected cells, and (iii) requires adherence to daily drug regimens to avoid viral rebound, drug resistance and disease progression. Therefore, the development of new approaches to cure HIV-1 infection is a major necessity worldwide. The strategies that are currently in evaluation are: treatment optimization, immunotherapy, latency reactivation, therapeutic vaccination, and cellular and gene therapy. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to evaluate the curative potential of four clinical trials based on: (i) immunotherapy with interferon-α (IFNα), (ii) latency reactivation with lithium carbonate, (iii) therapeutic vaccination with HIV-1 conserved region immunogen (MVA.HIVconsv), and (iv) cellular therapy with an hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using an HIV-resistant cord blood unit. All these studies were performed in chronically ART-suppressed individuals. For that purpose, we analyzed virological and immunological markers to quantify the HIV-1 reservoir and the immune function, using cellular and molecular biology methods. Our results showed that immunotherapy with IFNα and administration of lithium could be used in combination with ART, since both act as viral repressors but cannot directly cure HIV-1 infection. Moreover, we observed that MVA.HIVconsv vaccine efficiently elicits HIV-specific cytotoxic immune responses against conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome. However, these responses are not sufficient to have an impact on the HIV-1 reservoir. Therefore, the vaccine should be administered in combination with a latency-reversing agent (LRA). Finally, there were signs of recovery from the HIV-1 infection in the individual treated with the HSCT using an HIV-resistant cord blood unit. Unfortunately, it was impossible to confirm this observation in samples 3 months after the transplant, time at which the patient passed away due to the quick progression of a lymphoma. In the future, more clinical trials based on these or other novel strategies should be performed to find the optimal strategies that target the heterogeneous population of infected individuals, which ultimately will allow for the eradication of this pandemic.
Palcidi, Laurent. "Etude pharmacologique des analogues nucléosidiques à activité anti-VIH et anti-VHB." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22060.
Full text