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Journal articles on the topic 'Vijayanagar (Empire)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Joythi, R. "Trade and Trade - Guilds During - the Vijayanagar Empire." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 6, no. 2 (2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-6270.2016.00020.9.

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2

Wagoner, Phillip B. "“Sultan among Hindu Kings”: Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 4 (November 1996): 851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2646526.

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When Robert Sewell inaugurated the modern study of the South Indian state of Vijayanagara with his classic A Forgotten Empire (1900), he characterized the state as “a Hindu bulwark against Muhammadan conquests” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1), thereby formulating one of the enduring axioms of Vijayanagara historiography. From their capital on the banks of the Tungabhadra river, the kings of Vijayanagara ruled over a territory of more than 140,000 square miles, and their state survived three changes of dynasty to endure for a period of nearly three hundred years, from the mid-fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth centuries (Stein 1989, 1–2). According to Sewell, this achievement was to be understood as “the natural result of the persistent efforts made by the Muhammadans to conquer all India” ([1900] 1962, 1). Hindu kingdoms had exercised hegemony over South India for most of the previous millennium, but were divided among themselves when the Muslim forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq swept over the South in the early decades of the fourteenth century: “When these dreaded invaders reached the Krishna River the Hindus to their south, stricken with terror, combined, and gathered in haste to the new standard [of Vijayanagara] which alone seemed to offer some hope of protection. The decayed old states crumbled away into nothingness, and the fighting kings of Vijayanagar became the saviours of the south for two and a half centuries” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1).
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3

Houben, V. J. H., and D. H. A. Kolff. "IX. Between Empire Building and State Formation. Official Elites in Java and Mughal India." Itinerario 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530002341x.

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The reason to compare the recent histories of India and Indonesia was that they were the scenes of the two most extensive and populous colonial empires of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The decision to push back the comparison to the pre-colonial era meant loosing track of the vital focus of the enterprise. Moreover, pre-colonial India presents a unity in only some respects whereas Indonesia as a territorial concept did not even exist then. The tendency of Indonesianists to focus, for convenience's sake, on the island of Java seems to become inescapable. This confronts those on the Indian wing of the comparison with the dilemma to what extent they are entitled to give up Indian unity and if they do, what part of India compares best with insular Java. Especially fit for comparison seem the regional states of South India: Vijayanagar, Madurai etc. Both the rice-based economies of the South Indian states and their size suggests this. Although Java became the core region of one of the colonial empires, whereas the South Indian states would stay at the periphery of the other, such a comparison could well be fruitful.
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4

Sinopoli, Carla. "FROM THE LION THRONE: POLITICAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 43, no. 3 (2000): 364–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852000511330.

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AbstractThe fourteenth- through seventeenth-century A.D. Vijayanagara empire of south India spanned a vast area and incorporated diverse ethnic, linguistic, socioeconomic and political groups. Beyond the imperial bounds, Vijayanagara was also part of complex subcontinental political and cultural nexus, with cooperative and antagonistic relations with neighboring states and empires. In this paper, I examine both scales of these relations: the local responses to empire and the nature and creation of an imperial identity within the broader framework of subcontinental politics. As inhabitants of incorporated regions within the empire maintained aspects of their regional identities, they were also drawn into the broader polity through both economic and symbolic practices. And even as it incorporated local traditions of conquered states, Vijayanagara's court also forged a distinctive imperial identity by adopting and adapting cultural, political, and military elements from a larger subcontinental framework.
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5

Champakalakshmi, R., and Konduri Sarojini Devi. "Review of Religion in Vijayanagara Empire." Social Scientist 18, no. 8/9 (August 1990): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517348.

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6

Mears, Barbara. "Symbols of Coins of the Vijayanagara Empire." South Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2008.9628684.

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7

Shetty, Vishwith. "Vijayanagara Empire: Nayakatana System-Interpretations and Re-Analysis." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (2018): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2018.00105.5.

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8

Mosteller, John F., and Annalibera Dallapiccola. "Vijayanagara City and Empire New Currents of Research." Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, no. 4 (October 1987): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603391.

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9

Rao, Nagendra. "Vijayanagara in modern historiography: A survey." Studies in People's History 6, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919834796.

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What Sewell called the ‘Forgotten Empire’ once unified the larger part of South India, governing it from Vijayanagara for over 200 years. Once modern methods of research took root, the effort began to reconstruct its history. British historians saw in it a predecessor—an imperfect, but predecessor all the same. Indian historians tended to see in it good evidence of Indian capacity for military enterprise and efficient administration. Since Independence, the trend has continued, with Burton Stein on one side and T.V. Mahanlingam, on the other side. But a more objective trend is also noticeable now, in the work of Y. Subbarayalu and N. Karashima.
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10

M, Kayalvizhy. "Invasion of Kumara Kampana against Tamil Nadu." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2014.

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In the 13th and 14th century Tamil Nadu was attacked and ransomed by Muslim invadours of Delhi. The Delhi Sultanate successfully established a rule at Maurai city and this province was named as Mabar country. Hindu religion and and culture were suffered a lot in the hands of them. To save the religion and culture an invasion was took by Kumara Kampana prince of Vijayanagar Empaire. He made a war against Tamil Nadu and defeated the Sambuvaraya kings at first and then marched towards Madurai. Finally the Mabar Muslim rulers were defeated and the Muslim rule came to an end. Then Tamil Nadu cames under Vijayanagar rule. Kumara Kampana gave a good administration to Tamil Nadu with the help of his efficient associates. This invasion has considered as land mark in the history of Tamil Nadu.
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11

GUHA, SUMIT. "The Frontiers of Memory: What the Marathas Remembered of Vijayanagara." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2009): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003307.

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AbstractThe past two decades have seen a dramatic renewal of interest in the subject of historical memory, its reproduction and transmission. But most studies have focused on the selection and construction of extant memories. This essay looks at missing memory as well. It seeks to broaden our understanding of memory by investigating the way in which historical memory significant to one historical tradition was slighted by another, even though the two overlapped both spatially and chronologically. It does this by an examination of how the memory of the Marathi-speaking peoples first neglected and then adopted the story of the Vijayanagara empire that once dominated southern India.
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12

BES, LENNART. "Sultan among Dutchmen? Royal dress at court audiences in South India, as portrayed in local works of art and Dutch embassy reports, seventeenth–eighteenth centuries." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 1792–845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000232.

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AbstractFrom the fourteenth century CE onwards, South Indian states ruled by Hindu kings were strongly influenced by politico-cultural conventions from Muslim-governed areas. This development was, for instance, manifest in the dress and titles of the rulers of the Vijayanagara empire. As has been argued, they bore the title of sultan and on public occasions they appeared in garments fashioned on Persian and Arab clothing. Both adaptations exemplified efforts to connect to the dominant Indo-Islamic world. From Vijayanagara's fragmentation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, new Hindu-ruled kingdoms arose. We may wonder to what extent those succeeding polities continued practices adopted from Islamic courts. With that question in mind, this article discusses royal dress at court audiences in four Vijayanagara successor states, chiefly on the basis of embassy reports of the Dutch East India Company and South Indian works of art. It appears that kings could wear a variety of clothing styles at audiences and that influences on these styles now came from multiple backgrounds, comprising diverse Islamic and other elements. Further, not all successor states followed the same dress codes, as their dynasties modified earlier conventions in different ways, depending on varying political developments.
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13

LeDuc, Matthew. "Discourses of Heritage and Tourism at a World Heritage Site: The Case of Hampi, India." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.3.t8m66k6040w48266.

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In the town of Hampi, India, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the past remains very much alive. Devotees congregate at medieval-era temples; tourists from across India and the world marvel at the empire's fallen grandeur; and, up until quite recently, residents lived and worked in centuries-old stone mandapas (pavilions) lining both sides of the town's main street. The case of Hampi and its heritage illustrates a key question: do people have the right to live in historic monuments, particularly monuments that have been declared the patrimony not just of India, but of the entire world?
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14

Chekuri, Christopher. "‘Fathers’ and ‘Sons’: Inscribing Self and Empire at Vijayanagara, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." Medieval History Journal 15, no. 1 (April 2012): 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097194581001500105.

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15

Natampally, Meera. "Reconstrucción visual (gráfica, ilustrada y digital) del Templo Hampi." Virtual Archaeology Review 5, no. 10 (May 2, 2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2014.4225.

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The existing temple complex in Hampi, Karnataka, India was extensively studied, analyzed and documented. The complex was measured-drawn and digitized by plotting its edges and vertices using AutoCAD to generate 2d drawings. The graphic 2d elements developed were extended into 3 dimensional objects using Google sketch-up. The tool has been used to facilitate the visual re-construction to achieve the architecture of the temple in its original form. 3D virtual modelling / visual reconstruction helps us to visualize the structure in its original form giving a holistic picture of the Vijayanagara Empire in all its former glory. The project is interpreted graphically using Auto-CAD drawings, pictorially, digitally using Sketch-Up model and Kinect.
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16

Subramanian, Lakshmi. "Book Review: Vijayanagara Visions: Religious Experience and Cultural Creativity in a South Indian Empire." Indian Economic & Social History Review 48, no. 4 (December 2011): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946461104800408.

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17

Mishra, R. K. "Magnanimity of an Indian Saint: The Portrait of an Apostle of God: A Focus on Basavaraj Naikar's Religious Play The Golden Servant of God." Dialogue: A Journal Devoted to Literary Appreciation 15, no. 1-2 (December 29, 2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30949/dajdtla.v14i1-2.8.

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This article offers a detailed analysis of Basavaraj Naikar's religious play, The Golden Servant of God in terms of its dramatic conflict between worldliness and spirituality that takes place in the soul of Kanakadasa, a great saint of Karnataka. It shows how he, born in a shepherd caste, grows from the level of an Administrator of Bada and Bamkapura villages (appointed by Emperor Sri Krisnadevaraya of Vijayanagara Empire) to that of a renunciate, fighting all through his life against the social evil of caste discrimination, especially against brahmanical orthodoxy and articulates the same in his innumerable musical compositions known as kirtanas. It also shows how Kanakadasa, being disillusioned by the meaninglessness of material life, seeks shelter and salvation in the holy feet of Lord Adikesava of Kaginelli, a tiny village in North Karnataka.
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18

Palat, Ravi Arvind. "Popular revolts and the state in Medieval South India: A study of the Vijayanagara empire (1360-1565)." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 142, no. 1 (1986): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003372.

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19

Durgamohan, M. "The cultural and economic significance of Hampi festival." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 7, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-03-2015-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the issues and potential that this festival brings forth. Festivals are an integral part of the cultural and social fabric of India. Festivals have been celebrated from times immemorial. One such festival is Hampi festival, which was in vogue in the Vijayanagara Empire. The Government of Karnataka revived this festival. Design/methodology/approach – Focus group discussions with the festival stakeholders were held to explore the cultural and economic impact of Hampi festival. Recommendations are made regarding improving the festival. Findings – Held at Hampi, a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site and the world’s largest open air museum covering 26 sq km, having 550 monuments, Hampi festival is a cultural extravaganza of dance, drama, music, fireworks, puppet shows and spectacular processions, all combined to recreate the grandeur of a bygone era. It has tremendous untapped potential from a cultural and economic perspective. Practical implications – An understanding of the opportunities and issues in organizing the festival, with implications for multiple stakeholders including the government at multiple levels. Originality/value – Building a discussion on how a large-scale festival that generates national and international visitation be leveraged for cultural and economic gains.
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20

Rajangam, Krupa, and Aparna Sundar. "Reading the Entanglements of Nature-culture Conservation and Development in Contemporary India." Journal of South Asian Development 16, no. 1 (April 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731741211013676.

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In this article we argue for greater attention to the practice of (nature-culture) conservation as a specific form of intervention with implications for development. Outlining the dominant frameworks through which the often vexed relationship between conservation and development has been understood, the article offers an alternative analytical framework that is grounded in ethnographic attention to everyday practice. Applying this framework, the three papers in this special section examine conservation-development dilemmas at diverse conservation sites in India—Rushikulya, Orissa, a globally significant site for the conservation of marine turtles; Nagarahole, in southern Karnataka, one of India’s most successful tiger reserves; and the Hampi region, northern Karnataka, where the archaeological remains of the medieval Vijayanagara Empire have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS). The papers reveal a relationship between conservation and development that is paradoxically both more structurally imbricated and more contingent and variable than a focus on official frameworks, discourses and plans would suggest. They lead us to argue that, rather than focusing on the stated objectives of the formal conservation plan alone, attention to its ambivalent adoptions and unintended outcomes, as well as to negotiations between diverse actors and forms of knowledge, can contribute to both a more balanced theorization of conservation’s relation to development as well as to more effective conservation practices.
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21

Rajangam, Krupa. "Bridging Development and Heritage: Expert Gaze, Local Discourses, and Visual Aesthetic Crisis at Hampi World Heritage Site." Journal of South Asian Development 16, no. 1 (April 2021): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731741211007291.

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In this article, I explore the complex trajectory of two bridges that were proposed for construction across the River Tungabhadra in the early 1990s at locations that now fall within the boundary of Hampi, a UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site (WHS) in India. The proposed bridges were considered improper forms of infrastructure development in the visual context of a WHS, and the site was placed on the World Heritage in Danger List in the late 1990s. Popular media framed the controversy as a ‘classic clash’ between heritage and development where conservation goals and developmental needs opposed one another. Heritage experts, agencies, and activists read the crisis as one of ‘heritage or development’, normatively typecasting residents north of the river as ‘uneducated, ignorant locals’ wanting development at the cost of heritage. However, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and archival material covering nearly three decades, I demonstrate that residents wanted the bridges not as physical infrastructure towards some obscure development goals, but as the means to link their overlooked contributions to the founding of the Vijayanagara Empire, the capital region and its contemporary remaking as a WHS. In this instance, the binary opposition lay in the ‘expert gaze’, not in local discourses. It was experts, rather than ‘local people’, who saw conservation and development as inherently opposed to each other. I explicate how various views on what constitutes heritage and development intersect with each other, and suggest that dissonance need not be the inevitable result but may be built into the gaze of expertise.
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22

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. "The birth-pangs of Portuguese Asia: revisiting the fateful ‘long decade’ 1498–1509." Journal of Global History 2, no. 3 (November 2007): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022807002288.

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AbstractThe essay sets out to re-examine the events and processes of inter-state and commercial competition that accompanied the arrival of the first Portuguese fleets in the Indian Ocean after the voyage of Vasco da Gama (1497–99). Focusing on the ‘long decade’ from 1498 to 1509, a series of differing perspectives on the challenges caused by the Portuguese to other rival powers is laid out and examined in detail. These include the Venetian conception of the Portuguese enterprise, which tended to be divided between an ‘optimistic’ view (suggesting that the Cape route would collapse quickly), and a more ‘pessimistic’ one, which saw the Serenissima itself as gravely threatened. The geo-political vision of Venetian observers, and the place given by them to the Vijayanagara empire in South India is duly noted with regard to the pepper trade in particular. This view is then contrasted with the abundant but uneven Portuguese documentation available from the time of the viceroyalty of Dom Francisco de Almeida (1505–09). The essay finally sets out to explain and contextualize the Mamluk maritime intervention in the affairs of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, culminating in the defeat of the fleet of Amir Husain al-Kurdi off Diu in 1509. We remind you that you should always take great care to send some men to discover (a descobryr), both to Melaka and to any other parts that are so far not that well-known, and you should send them with some goods in some local ships which are going there, so long as they can carry them safely. And those whom you send for this purpose should be men who know how to act upon it properly (devem ser homens que ho bem saybam fazer).Royal instructions to Dom Francisco de Almeida, 3 March 1505.1
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23

Wagoner, Phillip B. "Hampi. By Anila Verghese. New York and New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. xiii, 95 pp.; 13 line drawings, 20 b/w, 4 color plates. Rs 595. - Penugonda Fort—A Defence Capital of the Vijayanagara Empire: History, Art, and Culture. By R. Vasantha. Delhi: Sharada Publishing House, 2000. 145 pp.; 14 line drawings, 38 b/w, 12 color plates. Rs 1100." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 1 (February 2003): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096221.

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24

Scammell, G. V. "The New Cambridge History of India. vol. 1.2. Vijayanagara. By Burton Stein. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1989. Pp. xiv, 156. - The Political Economy of Commerce: South India, 1500–1650. By Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1990. Pp. x, 401. - Goa through the Ages. vol. II. An Economic History. Edited by Teotonio R. De Souza. Concept Publishing Company: New Delhi, 1990. Pp. ix, 316. - The Rise of Merchant Empires. Long-distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350–1750. Edited by James D. Tracy. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1990. Pp. ix, 442. - Brides of the Sea. Port Cities of Asia from the 16th–20th Centuries. Edited by Frank Broeze. New South Wales University Press: Kensington, NSW, Australia, 1989. Pp. xv, 254. - Albuquerque, Caesar of the East. Selected Texts by Afonso de Albuquerque and his Son. Edited and Translated with an Introduction and Notes by T. F. Earle and John Villiers. Aris & Phillips: Warminster, England, 1990. Pp. xi, 308. - Intrepid Itinerant. Manuel Godinho and his Journey from India to Portugal in 1663. Edited and Translated by John Correia-Afonso with the assistance of Vitalio Lobo. Oxford University Press: Bombay, 1990. Pp. XI, 253." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 4 (October 1993): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001347.

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25

"Classification of Architectural Designs using Deep Learning." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c5621.029320.

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Architecture style of buildings play’s an important role in various aspects. Architectural style or the construction method affects the human health in multiple ways. Many dynasties are ruled India and constructed various types of monuments. So, In this proposed work popular dynasties like Hoysala dynasty, Vijayanagar empire, Mughal empire, Nizam’s of Hyderabad, Chalukya dynasty etc. are considered for creating dataset for the work. The architects of those times had really good knowledge about the different scientific methods to be used for construction. This project aims at classification of different architectural styles. Automatic identification of different architectural styles would facilitate different applications. The dataset is manually created by downloading images from various websites. Deep learning, inception v3 master algorithm are used. Experiments are performed using tenser flow and bottle neck files are created for validation. Good recognition rate is achieved with a fewer data set.
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26

Jammanna, A. "DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS AND FEW DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF VIJAYANAGARA SUPREMACY." Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 36 (November 4, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v4i36.10084.

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One of the earliest writers on and admires of the Vijayanagara empire the Englishman Robert Sewell once expressed his opinion on the tradition of history writing (or the lack of it) in pre-modern India. In a series of lectures delivered before the east India Association in London in 1897 entitled “India before the British’ he observed that they only way of knowing what happened a hundred years ago was. Medieval times saw many changes in the art and culture of India. The cosmopolitan and philosophic traditions that were integral to the indict vision of life evolved with the charging times. Practically the last bastion in which ancient heritage of ideas continued as a living expression, through changed, was the Vijayanagara Empire.
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