Journal articles: 'Vijayanagar'

1

Ramaswamy, Vijaya. "Artisans in Vijayanagar Society." Indian Economic & Social History Review 22, no. 4 (December 1985): 417–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946468502200403.

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Wagoner, Phillip B. "“Sultan among Hindu Kings”: Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 4 (November 1996): 851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2646526.

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When Robert Sewell inaugurated the modern study of the South Indian state of Vijayanagara with his classic A Forgotten Empire (1900), he characterized the state as “a Hindu bulwark against Muhammadan conquests” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1), thereby formulating one of the enduring axioms of Vijayanagara historiography. From their capital on the banks of the Tungabhadra river, the kings of Vijayanagara ruled over a territory of more than 140,000 square miles, and their state survived three changes of dynasty to endure for a period of nearly three hundred years, from the mid-fourteenth through the mid-seventeenth centuries (Stein 1989, 1–2). According to Sewell, this achievement was to be understood as “the natural result of the persistent efforts made by the Muhammadans to conquer all India” ([1900] 1962, 1). Hindu kingdoms had exercised hegemony over South India for most of the previous millennium, but were divided among themselves when the Muslim forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq swept over the South in the early decades of the fourteenth century: “When these dreaded invaders reached the Krishna River the Hindus to their south, stricken with terror, combined, and gathered in haste to the new standard [of Vijayanagara] which alone seemed to offer some hope of protection. The decayed old states crumbled away into nothingness, and the fighting kings of Vijayanagar became the saviours of the south for two and a half centuries” (Sewell [1900] 1962, 1).

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M, Kayalvizhy. "Invasion of Kumara Kampana against Tamil Nadu." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2014.

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In the 13th and 14th century Tamil Nadu was attacked and ransomed by Muslim invadours of Delhi. The Delhi Sultanate successfully established a rule at Maurai city and this province was named as Mabar country. Hindu religion and and culture were suffered a lot in the hands of them. To save the religion and culture an invasion was took by Kumara Kampana prince of Vijayanagar Empaire. He made a war against Tamil Nadu and defeated the Sambuvaraya kings at first and then marched towards Madurai. Finally the Mabar Muslim rulers were defeated and the Muslim rule came to an end. Then Tamil Nadu cames under Vijayanagar rule. Kumara Kampana gave a good administration to Tamil Nadu with the help of his efficient associates. This invasion has considered as land mark in the history of Tamil Nadu.

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Joythi, R. "Trade and Trade - Guilds During - the Vijayanagar Empire." International Journal of Social and Economic Research 6, no. 2 (2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-6270.2016.00020.9.

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Filliozat, Vasundhara. "Une inscription remarquable en kannaḍa médiéval à Hampi-Vijayanagar." Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 153, no. 4 (2009): 1345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/crai.2009.92708.

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Spencer, George W., and Noboru Karashima. "Towards a New Formation: South Indian Society under Vijayanagar Rule." American Historical Review 99, no. 3 (June 1994): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2167897.

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Cooper, Ilay. "Vijayanagar or Victoria? The Ceiling of the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi." South Asian Studies 13, no. 1 (January 1997): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1997.9628526.

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Karashima, Noburu. "The Family of Mallappa Nayaka: Transferability of vijayanagar Nayakas in Tamil Nadu." Medieval History Journal 4, no. 1 (April 2001): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097194580100400103.

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Ghorai, D. N., F. Bräuer, H. Freydorfer, and D. Siuka. "COREX$^{\textregistered}$ plant operation at Jindal Vijayanagar Steel, India: a success story." Revue de Métallurgie 98, no. 3 (March 2001): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2001179.

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G, Shashidhar, Lokesh S, and Aravind Karinagannanavar. "A CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF SCORPION STING AT VIJAYANAGAR INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, BELLARY." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 3, no. 57 (October 29, 2014): 12961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2014/3720.

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K, Roopa, Ranjan N A, Tejamoorthy M E, and Abhilash B T. "A New Approach for Restructuring Vijayanagar Feeder [MUSS Hassan] to reduce the distribution loss." IJIREEICE 4, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice/ncaee.2016.21.

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Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "Architecture of the Sultanate of Ma'bar in Madura, and other Muslim Monuments in South India." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1, no. 1 (April 1991): 31–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300000055.

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During the fourteenth century on the Travancore coast of South India an independent Muslim sultanate was established which lasted for less than half a century, and was eventually terminated by the newly established neighbouring kingdom of Vijayanagar. The short, brutal and enigmatic period of this sultanate has attracted the attention of a number of modern scholars who have tried to put together its history through study of the coins, a few inscriptions, and the brief, often dismissive remarks found in the North Indian histories, as well as, most informative of all, the travel account of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, who visited the region when the power of the sultanate was at its peak. However, none of these studies agrees even in the number and chronology of the sultans, let alone the details of the events: a confusion which is a direct result of the lack of adequate information at the present time. Under the circumstances it may appear presumptuous to embark on a description of the architectural monuments of this sultanate.

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Bijjaragi, Bhagyashree, and Amulya M. N. "Re-laparotomy in OBG: a clinical study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181021.

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Background: If laparotomy done within 60 days of primary surgery for the original disease it is called re-laparotomy. Aim of this study was to determine the risk factors causing re-laparotomy, the indications, management and outcomes of re-laparotomy.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Bellary, Karnataka. It is a 2 year prospective observational study of all the patients with re-laparotomy following operation done for obstetric or gynaecological indications.Results: Total 4105 patients underwent major surgery in two years between October 2013 to September 2015. Re-laparotomy was done in 10 cases. The incidence of re-laparotomy was 0.25% which is mainly for subacute intestinal obstruction, intraperitoneal haemorrhage, burst abdomen, PPH, rectus sheath hematoma.Conclusions: Hemorrhage, burst abdomen, infections are the main reasons for re-laparotomy after obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. Though the incidence of re-laparotomy is low and the outcome is favourable, several measures must be undertaken to prevent re-laparotomy such as careful surgical technique, meticulous hemostasis and strict asepsis should be maintained.

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Houben, V. J. H., and D. H. A. Kolff. "IX. Between Empire Building and State Formation. Official Elites in Java and Mughal India." Itinerario 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530002341x.

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The reason to compare the recent histories of India and Indonesia was that they were the scenes of the two most extensive and populous colonial empires of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The decision to push back the comparison to the pre-colonial era meant loosing track of the vital focus of the enterprise. Moreover, pre-colonial India presents a unity in only some respects whereas Indonesia as a territorial concept did not even exist then. The tendency of Indonesianists to focus, for convenience's sake, on the island of Java seems to become inescapable. This confronts those on the Indian wing of the comparison with the dilemma to what extent they are entitled to give up Indian unity and if they do, what part of India compares best with insular Java. Especially fit for comparison seem the regional states of South India: Vijayanagar, Madurai etc. Both the rice-based economies of the South Indian states and their size suggests this. Although Java became the core region of one of the colonial empires, whereas the South Indian states would stay at the periphery of the other, such a comparison could well be fruitful.

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Karashima, N., and Y. Subbarayalu. "THE EMERGENCE OF THE PERIYANADU ASSEMBLY IN SOUTH INDIA DURING THE CHOLA AND PANDYAN PERIODS." International Journal of Asian Studies 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591404000063.

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In ancient and medieval south India, from about the fifth century, the term nādu denoted a micro-region which was important as the basic unit of agricultural production. The agricultural community formed in the nādu was called nāttār or nāttavar, literally meaning the people of the nādu. Initially it was exclusively composed of the Vellāla peasantry, but from the eleventh century there began to appear in Tamil inscriptions the term periyanādu meaning “big nādu” to denote a supra-nādu assembly. In this paper we examine the meaning of the emergence of this and other similar supra-local and/or multi-community organizations.The Chola dynasty, which had ruled south India for about four hundred years, disappeared in the latter half of the thirteenth century. The succeeding Pandyan dynasty was put down in its turn by the invasion of the Delhi Sultan's army at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Therefore, the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in south India were a period of political turmoil, during when, nevertheless, foreign trade was carried out vigorously in the Indian Ocean. Merchants and artisans joined peasants in the activities of the periyanādu, generating a new state and social formation that became explicitly visible in the fifteenth century under Vijayanagar rule.

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Marthandappa, Suresh Chagnur, Bharath Padmashali, Sameena Abdul Razak Bekinalkar, and Bellara Raghavendra. "A study to assess the impact of health education on larval indices in the rural areas of Ballari: a southern district of India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202074.

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Background: Awareness regarding dengue through health education is one of the important components of Integrated vector control which can bring about reduction in mosquito density and thereby reduction in morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study to assess the impact of health education on larval indices in the study area.Methods: This was a community based interventional study was conducted between August to September 2017 at rural field practice area of Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari. Three villages with a population of more than 2000 were selected randomly. A total of 100 households were surveyed for Aedes larvae in all the three villages. Baseline information and larval indices like house index (HI), container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI) were calculated as per the procedure of WHO. Health education regarding potential breeding sites of Aedes mosquito and importance and methods of eliminating them through demonstration at household level and street play at community level was done. Post intervention larval survey was done.Results: There was 31.7% reduction in container index (pre-CI: 14.2% to post-CI: 9.7%) and 40.1% reduction in Breteau index (pre-BI: 76.3 to post-BI: 45.7%) and this reduction in the larval indices was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Based on the high larval indices, the study areas were prone for dengue transmission. There was significant reduction in the larval indices after the educational intervention.

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T., Varija, Veerendra Kumar C. M., and Chandrasekhar Tarihalli. "Analysis of caesarean section rate in tertiary care hospital according to Robson`s 10 groups classification." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2018): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181023.

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Background: The caesarean section (CS) delivery rate is steadily increasing worldwide, including India. Identifying the proportion of women in various categories as per Robson's ten group classification system and CS rate among them is important to bring down the increasing CS rate.Methods: This case series study was conducted at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), a tertiary care teaching hospital in Ballari, Karnataka, India. All pregnant women who have been admitted for delivery were enrolled and the data was collected for the women delivered by CS during January 2016 to December 2016 and proportions in various groups as per Robson’s ten-group classification system were calculated.Results: Among a total of 6980 women delivered during study period, 2992 (42.8%) delivered by CS. The CS rates among various groups varied from 100% among women with abnormal lies and group 6-95% (all nulliparous breeches) group 5-94% (Previous CS, single cephalic, >37 weeks) to 10 to 15% among multiparous women with spontaneous labour having single cephalic pregnancy (group 3). Among women with previous section, CS rate was very high (89.6%). Women with previous CS (group 5) contributed maximum (40.24%) to the total number of CS.Conclusions: In the present study, all women with breech presentation and abnormal lies delivered by CS and repeat CS was the highest contributor to all CS deliveries.

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Heitzman, James. "Towards a New Formation: South Indian Society Under Vijayanagar Rule. By Noboru Karashima. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992. xii, 294 pp. $19.95." Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 3 (August 1994): 972–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059789.

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S., Sudhakar Rao M., Bipinkumar ., and Vijaya T. N. "Clinicopathological study and management of infective swellings of neck in pediatric age group patients." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205056.

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Background: Neck swellings are common presenting complaint in paediatric age group patients attending ENT department and are cause of concern for both doctors and parents because they are considered as red flag.Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 102 paediatric patients of both genders attending the OPD of department of ENT, Vijayanagar institute of medical sciences, Bellary, Karnataka, between July 2018 to March 2020.Results: Out of 102 patients in our study, majority of them were reactive lymphadenopathy 47 (46%). Out of 41 deep neck space infections, submandibular space is the most commonly involved space 27 (65.8%). Twenty-nine (70.7%) DNSI’s needed institutional management hence got admitted and among them 20 (48.7%) were submandibular space infection and 7 (17%) were Ludwig’s angina which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Among 27 submandibular space infection, 24 (88.8%) had fever, 19 (70.3%) had local pain, 4 (14.8%) had dysphagia which was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: In the infective neck swellings of paediatric age group the submandibular space infection needs the zenith of active institutional management among both the genders, and the Ludwig’s angina warrants its treatment on institutional admission which is frequent in this age group.

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D. B., Jyothi. "Knowledge attitude and practices of pharmacogenomics and its educational needs among doctors at a tertiary care hospital VIMS, Ballari: a questionnaire based study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200710.

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Background: Genetic differences account for an outsized amount of patient variation in drug response and disposition. Pharmacogenomics is that the study of genetic factors that underlie variation in drug response. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of pharmacogenomics and its educational needs among doctors of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 110 doctors forming a structured questionnaire.Results: Nearly 82.8% of the survey participants were of the age group 25 to 34 years. When choosing appropriate drug therapy for patients, medical record and age were the factors most commonly cited by respondents as extremely or vital (98%). When asked to rank their familiarity with pharmacogenomics, 40% reported somewhat familiar with the subject. 98% of respondents found pharmacogenomic information in drug labelling extremely/very/somewhat helpful. 48.4% of participants knew that drug metabolizing enzymes were the foremost commonly recognized mechanism for pharmacogenomic differences in drug response. The foremost common reasons for not ordering weren't knowing what test to order (48%). The most common pharmacogenomic resource consulted by survey participants were internet (80%), scientific literature (50%), and medical association literature (30%). The most common preferred formats for a perfect pharmacogenomic resource were indicated as web-based (60%), mobile application (60%), and print materials (34%).Conclusions: There's a requirement for improved resource material preferably in electronic format to extend the appliance of genomics to clinical care.

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M., Vishwanath, Murgesh J. V., Arpitha D., and Nithiya D. "Prospective study on prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184312.

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Background: Hypertension is the leading non-communicable disease risk attributing to cardio vascular morbidity and mortality. Various reasons are socio-economic, behavioural, sedentary life style, nutritional, age, obesity and poor health maintenance. A wide range of antihypertensive drugs belonging to different pharmacological classes are available alone or in combinations. Present study was done to evaluate the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective, observational, non-interventional, hospital-based study was carried out in hypertensive patients attending outpatient department of General Medicine at Medical College Hospital attached to Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari. Data was collected from outpatient slip of patients in a predesigned case record form, which was analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Among 200 patients analysed 95 (47.5%) were males and 105 (52.5%) were females, with maximum number of patients falling in the age group 61-70years. Among antihypertensives prescribed, amlodipine (78.5%) was most frequently prescribed drug. Frequently used drugs for monotherapy - amlodipine (37.5%), for two drug therapy - amlodipine + atenolol (25.5%), and for three drug therapy - amlodipine + atenolol + telmisartan (2.5%). WHO prescribing indicators: Average number of drugs per encounter is 2.38 (±1.19). Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name is 76.47%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list is 97.89%.Conclusions: Present study shows current trends in prescription of antihypertensives in tertiary care hospital and their rational use. Study emphasizes need for preventive and educative measures about hypertension in population.

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Devadiga, Veena, and Veerendrakumar C. M. "Intravenous labetalol vs. oral nifedipine in control of hypertensive emergencies in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a randomized control trial." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20213479.

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Background: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder peculiar to human pregnancy and accounts for a considerable proportion of both maternal and perinatal deaths. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of labetalol versus nifedepine in the treatment of hypertensive crisis, maternal and fetal outcomes and also prevention of further complications in patients admitted to department of OBG, VIMS, Ballari.Methods: Total 100 women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia who were admitted in the labour room at the Vijayanagar institute of medical sciences, Ballari over a period ranging from April 2013 to September 2014 who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this Open Label, prospective, randomized study. Patients were allocated into two groups; group A and group B and managed with Intravenous labetalol and oral nifedipine respectively after proper history, examination and investigations.Results: We found that less number of doses were required to achieve target blood pressure in labetalol group (2.4±0.99) compared to nifedipine group patients who required more number of doses. (2.56±0.84) Even with fixed dose regimen (VIMS Regimen) of labetalol, our study showed more rapid decrease in blood pressure to target level with labetalol group (36±14.85 min) compared to nifedipine group (68.1±27.64 min) which was statistically significant (p=0.000).Conclusions: The goal of treatment is to maintain BP at a level that minimizes maternal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. Labetalol is better than nifedipine in the management of hypertensive crisis in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.

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Talbot, Cynthia, and Burton Stein. "Vijayanagara." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 4 (October 1994): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/606180.

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Heitzman, James. "A Concordance of Nāyakas: The Vijayanagar Inscriptions in South India. By Noboru Karashima. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. vii, 350 pp. $29.95 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 62, no. 2 (May 2003): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096315.

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Kumar, Praveen, D. Satish Kumar, K. Marutiram, and SMR Prasad. "Pilot-scale steam aging of steel slags." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17694247.

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Solid waste management has gained importance in the steel industry in view of rising environmental concerns and scarcity of raw materials. In spite of significant developments in reducing waste generation and development of recycling technologies, steel slag is still a concern for the industry as most of it is dumped. Steel slag is similar to stone aggregates in strength, but its volumetric instability in contact with water hinders its application as aggregates in construction. A part of steel slag is normally exposed to rain and sun for natural aging and stabilization for months before use. The natural aging process is slow and time-consuming, and thus restricts its usage. The steelmaking slag can be put to effective use as coarse aggregates if quickly aged and stabilized by pre-reacting the free expansive phases. In the present work, a new process has been developed to accelerate the steel slag aging process using steam in a 30 T pilot scale facility. The setup has controlled steam injection, distribution, and process control system for steam, temperature, flow, and pressure. Steam percolates through the minute pores in the slag lumps and hydrates the expansive free lime and MgO phases, making it stable. The aged slag expansion properties were tested using an in-house developed expansion testing apparatus. The process is capable of reducing the expansion of steel slag from 3.5% to <1.5% (standard requirement) in 7 days. The aged steel slag is currently being used in roads at JSW Steel, Vijayanagar Works.

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M. S., Sudhakar Rao, and Deepak Karade. "A retrospective clinical study and management of ingested Indian currency coin found in the oesophagus among paediatric age group." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20194939.

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Background: Foreign body ingestion is a common event in children and carries significant morbidity and mortality. Indian currency coins are found to be the common ingested foreign bodies hence, to be treated accordingly.Methods: A 7 years retrospective review of 133 children diagnosed, admitted and managed for “ingested Indian currency coin” between January 2011 to December 2017 in the Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology and Head and Neck surgery, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka, India. A plain radiograph of the relevant views of neck and chest were taken to identify the foreign body. Results: There were 80 (60.2%) males and 53 (39.8%) females, ranging in age from 6 months to 15 years. Most of the patients 98 (73.7%) presented within 12 hours of the coin ingestion. 109 patients presented with one or more symptoms, common being vomiting 83 (62.4%). Coin was located mostly at the cricopharynx 111 (83.5%). Coin removal was possible using Macintosh laryngoscope and Magill’s forceps in 106 (79.7%) patients, and 27 (20.3%) patient’s required rigid oesophagoscope.Conclusions: Indian currency coin ingestion is commonly found in cricopharyngeal area of the oesophagus among preschool age group. The duration of retention of the foreign body, procedural time, hospital stay of the patient, diameter of the coin in both the genders have no impact on clinical outcome on retrieval of them.

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Ghimire, Netra Hari, and Paras Mani Mahat. "Genetic Variability and Correlation Coefficients of Major Traits in Cold Tolerance Rice (Oriza sativa L.) Under Mountain Environment of Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i4.26922.

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This study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Vijayanagar, Jumla Nepal comprising fifteen genotypes of cold tolerance rice during regular rice growing season of high hill in 2015 in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications to observe genetic variability, correlation, heritability, genetic advance and clustering of genotypes in relation to yield and yield associated traits and selection and advancement of early maturing, high yielding, disease resistant, and cold tolerance genotypes for high mountain area. Analysis of variance revealed that all characters except number of panicle per hill were significantly different indicating presence of variation in genetic constituents. Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all the corresponding traits under study indicating environmental influence for the expression of the traits. Higher PCV and GCV value were obtained in grain yield (Yld), number of grain per panicle (NGPP) and number of panicle per hill (NPPH). Higher heritability coupled with higher genetic advance (GA) was obtained in NGPP, NPPH and Yld, high heritability and medium GA was obtained in thousand grains wt (TGW), plant height (Pht) and panicle length (PL) indicating additive gene action indicating direct selection may be a tool for varietal development. Positive and significant correlation was obtained between all characters except DM and Pht, PL and PHT and TGW and PPH. Total three clusters were obtained in eighty percent euclidean similarity clustering indicating genetic closeness/distances among the genotypes. Culture 1 carries the superior five genotypes including NR-10638-B-B-4 and NR-10695-B-B-B. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(4): 445-452

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Ali, N. Imdad, Noor Elahi Pasha, and Ravishankar T.H.S. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound and Plain X-Ray KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) Compared to Non-Contrast CT (Computed Tomography) in Patients of Ureteric Calculi." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 7, no. 47 (November 23, 2020): 2762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2020/567.

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BACKGROUND Imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of patients with urolithiasis. Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) is generally accepted as the gold standard, but there are concerns over higher radiation exposure from NCCT to the patient population. Our prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of plain X-ray KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) and USG (Ultrasonography) with NCCT in the evaluation of patients with ureteric colic. METHODS This study conducted from December 2018 to January 2020 in the Department of Urology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, and attached Hospital. 230 patients with ureteric colic were evaluated for ureteric calculi with x-ray KUB, USG (Ultrasonography) abdomen and pelvis and NCCT (Non-Contrast Computed Tomography) KUB region. RESULTS Out of 230 patients, 168 (73 %) were males and 62 (26.9 %) were females. Ages of the study population ranged from 18 to 55 yrs. 198 of the 230 patients were confirmed to have ureteric calculus, with lower ureteric calculus 97 (48.9 %), upper ureteric 65 (32.8 %), middle ureteric 29 (14.6 %), and multiple 7 (3.5 %). X-ray and USG (Ultrasonography) group yielded a sensitivity of 86.3 %, a specificity of 87.5 %, positive predictive value 97 %, and negative predictive value 51 %. While On NCCT (Non-Contrast Computed Tomography), a total of 192 patients (96 %) demonstrated ureterolithiasis of the 198 patients confirmed to have ureteric calculi (Table 2). X-ray and USG group yielded a sensitivity of 96.9 %, specificity of 93.6 %, positive predictive value 98.9 %, and negative predictive value 83 %. CONCLUSIONS Combination of x-ray KUB and USG, and NCCT were found to be excellent imaging modalities for the detection of ureteric calculi. X-ray KUB and USG can be used as the first investigation of choice for patients with ureteric colic and for follow up of patients after treatment. KEYWORDS Ureteric Colic, Ureterolithiasis, Ultrasonography

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Hubballi, Ravi Kishore, Shyam Sundar Nayaka G. S., and Shruthi Manohar Koujalagi. "Clinical correlation between tonsillar hypertrophy and tonsillitis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20195703.

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Background: Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common clinical condition seen by an otorhinolaryngologist. Tonsils undergo hypertrophy due to recurrent infection or as a part of generalized lymphoid hypertrophy. The aim of this study is to clinically correlate the association between tonsillar hypertrophy and acute/chronic tonsillitis.Methods: 100 patients attending the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Department at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, Karnataka with complaints of tonsillitis acute, chronic, acute on chronic, other ENT symptoms and asymptomatic patients were assessed for tonsillar enlargement using Brodsky Tonsillar Grading scale for tonsillar hypertrophy. Results: Out of the 100 patients with tonsillar enlargement and the symptoms at presentation we observed a statistically significant (p=0.0001) irrespective of the severity of the infection to the tonsillar hypertrophy graded according to Brodsky tonsillar grade.Conclusions: It is a common prudence that most of the general public and majority of general physicians are of the opinion that tonsillar grades are related to clinical pathology. Our study reveals tonsillar hypertrophy and severity of clinical disease are not directly proportional hence our study indicates management of acute or chronic tonsillitis cannot be influenced by the grade of tonsillar enlargement. We can consider tonsillar enlargement as a guide for prognostic evaluation. We were unable to find any literature regarding our objective of study. Hence this study can be considered as a stepping stone for further in depth clinical studies.

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Michell, George. "Reflections on Vijayanagara." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 16, sup001 (January 1993): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856409308723189.

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Vijay Bharath Reddy, C. R., and M. Santhosh Reddy. "Study of pathology of ossicles in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media, its repair and outcome." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180699.

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Background: If the ears have perforation of long standing durations, even without cholesteatomas, they remain infected. Three times as many operations were performed in the United States in 1978 for this disease as were performed for cholesteatoma. The objective of the study was to study of pathology of ossicles in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media, its repair and outcome. Methods: This is a clinical study of patients presented to outpatient, department of Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary during the period of November 2004 to November 2005 with non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media. This study is aimed to study the various ossicular abnormalities encountered in non-cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media and their reconstruction techniques. Results: 12 ears (40%) had central and 18 ears (60%) had subtotal perforation. The average hearing loss in patients with isolated erosion of lenticular process of incus was 50.72±6.95 dB. In our study, autologous incus was used for ossicular reconstruction in 14 (46.67%) patients and homologous septal cartilage in 10 (33.33%) cases. Twenty-nine of the 30 cases underwent myringostapediopexy (type IIIb tympanoplasty) with the ossicular graft as short columella between the tympanic membrane graft and the stapes superstructure. Conclusions: Excellent results were noted only with the autologous incus graft. 28.57% of the total patients with autologous incus graft showed excellent post-operative results. Good results were found for autologous incus, homologous septal cartilage and teflon PORP, with percentage of 28.57, 50 and 25% respectively.

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Michell, George. "Vijayanagara: the architectural record." South Asian Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1985.9628330.

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Smith, Alan. "Rock-cut Features at Vijayanagara." South Asian Studies 15, no. 1 (January 1999): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1999.9628564.

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Lycett, Mark T., and Kathleen D. Morrison. "The “Fall” of Vijayanagara Reconsidered: Political Destruction and Historical Construction in South Indian History." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 56, no. 3 (2013): 433–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341314.

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Abstract The eponymous capital of Vijayanagara was largely abandoned following the defeat of the imperial army at Talikota in 1565. The city was burned and looted and its monumental temple complexes, gateways, and images left in ruins. Despite large-scale damage to architecture in the city, however, the level and focus of destruction was strikingly variable. In this paper, we draw on the material record of late Vijayanagara temple complexes and other archaeological evidence to examine patterns of differentially distributed political violence. We suggest that these patterns may be understood, in part, in terms of the contemporary politics of sovereignty, incorporation, and reconstitution of elite authority. Drawing on these observations, we discuss the role of commemorative destruction as well as post-1565 temple rededications and abandonments in the afterlife of Vijayanagara as a social space. In particular, we examine the potential of monumental violence to act as a symbol or to index social memory through a creative and fluid process of instituting claims about the past, heritage, authenticity, and the nature of the present.

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Champakalakshmi, R., and Konduri Sarojini Devi. "Review of Religion in Vijayanagara Empire." Social Scientist 18, no. 8/9 (August 1990): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517348.

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Jaiswal, Suvira. "Sculpture at Vijayanagara: Iconography and Style." Indian Historical Review 27, no. 1 (January 2000): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360002700112.

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Verghese, Anila. "Deities, cults and kings at Vijayanagara." World Archaeology 36, no. 3 (September 2004): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1468936042000282726812a.

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Rao, Nagendra. "Vijayanagara in modern historiography: A survey." Studies in People's History 6, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919834796.

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What Sewell called the ‘Forgotten Empire’ once unified the larger part of South India, governing it from Vijayanagara for over 200 years. Once modern methods of research took root, the effort began to reconstruct its history. British historians saw in it a predecessor—an imperfect, but predecessor all the same. Indian historians tended to see in it good evidence of Indian capacity for military enterprise and efficient administration. Since Independence, the trend has continued, with Burton Stein on one side and T.V. Mahanlingam, on the other side. But a more objective trend is also noticeable now, in the work of Y. Subbarayalu and N. Karashima.

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Sinopoli, Carla. "FROM THE LION THRONE: POLITICAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF THE VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 43, no. 3 (2000): 364–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852000511330.

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AbstractThe fourteenth- through seventeenth-century A.D. Vijayanagara empire of south India spanned a vast area and incorporated diverse ethnic, linguistic, socioeconomic and political groups. Beyond the imperial bounds, Vijayanagara was also part of complex subcontinental political and cultural nexus, with cooperative and antagonistic relations with neighboring states and empires. In this paper, I examine both scales of these relations: the local responses to empire and the nature and creation of an imperial identity within the broader framework of subcontinental politics. As inhabitants of incorporated regions within the empire maintained aspects of their regional identities, they were also drawn into the broader polity through both economic and symbolic practices. And even as it incorporated local traditions of conquered states, Vijayanagara's court also forged a distinctive imperial identity by adopting and adapting cultural, political, and military elements from a larger subcontinental framework.

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Sinopoli, Carla M., and Kathleen D. Morrison. "Dimensions of Imperial Control the Vijayanagara Capital." American Anthropologist 97, no. 1 (March 1995): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1995.97.1.02a00110.

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Verghese, Anila, and Dieter Eigner. "A Monastic Complex in Vithalapura, Hampi Vijayanagara." South Asian Studies 14, no. 1 (January 1998): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1998.9628555.

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Mears, Barbara. "Symbols of Coins of the Vijayanagara Empire." South Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (January 2008): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2008.9628684.

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Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. "Agreeing to Disagree: Burton Stein on Vijayanagara." South Asia Research 17, no. 2 (October 1997): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272809701700204.

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Shetty, Vishwith. "Vijayanagara Empire: Nayakatana System-Interpretations and Re-Analysis." Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (2018): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-5828.2018.00105.5.

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Mosteller, John F., and Annalibera Dallapiccola. "Vijayanagara City and Empire New Currents of Research." Journal of the American Oriental Society 107, no. 4 (October 1987): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603391.

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Dallapiccola, A. L., and Anila Verghese. "Narrative Reliefs of Bhima and Purushamriga at Vijayanagara." South Asian Studies 18, no. 1 (January 2002): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2002.9628609.

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Bhaskara Rao, P. "Historiographical Study on Vijayanagara Dynasty: An Empirical Observations." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): p8844. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.04.2019.p8844.

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BES, LENNART. "Sultan among Dutchmen? Royal dress at court audiences in South India, as portrayed in local works of art and Dutch embassy reports, seventeenth–eighteenth centuries." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 1792–845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000232.

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AbstractFrom the fourteenth century CE onwards, South Indian states ruled by Hindu kings were strongly influenced by politico-cultural conventions from Muslim-governed areas. This development was, for instance, manifest in the dress and titles of the rulers of the Vijayanagara empire. As has been argued, they bore the title of sultan and on public occasions they appeared in garments fashioned on Persian and Arab clothing. Both adaptations exemplified efforts to connect to the dominant Indo-Islamic world. From Vijayanagara's fragmentation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, new Hindu-ruled kingdoms arose. We may wonder to what extent those succeeding polities continued practices adopted from Islamic courts. With that question in mind, this article discusses royal dress at court audiences in four Vijayanagara successor states, chiefly on the basis of embassy reports of the Dutch East India Company and South Indian works of art. It appears that kings could wear a variety of clothing styles at audiences and that influences on these styles now came from multiple backgrounds, comprising diverse Islamic and other elements. Further, not all successor states followed the same dress codes, as their dynasties modified earlier conventions in different ways, depending on varying political developments.

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Vasantamadhava, K. G. "A Note on the Pejavar Copper Plate 1352 Saka, 1430 A.D." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 117, no. 1 (January 1985): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00154929.

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Karnataka has rich epigraphical sources. The entire edifice of Karnataka history from the 3rd century B.C. down to the end of Vijayanagara rests on epigraphical records. A volume of information concerning the political conditions, government and administration, political geography, the social structure and the life of the people, the religious faiths, economic conditions and many other topics, can be derived from a critical study of the inscriptions.The inscription under discussion is a copper plate from the village of Pejavar, Mangalore Taluka, South Kanara District, Karnataka State. The copper plate is now in the possession of K. Venkatraya Achar, Suratkal. It belongs to the period of the Vijayanagara emperor Immadi Devarāya (1424–1446 A.D.). The copper plate is in the Kannada language and script. The script seems to belong to a later period. The epigraphic department of the Government of India noticed this inscription in its annual report in the year 1967–68. Sri Venkatraya Achar, the discoverer of the inscription, made a few observations in the year 1957. This paper seeks to provide fresh information on political, religious and land transaction procedures on the basis of the contents of the copper plate.

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Sinopoli, Carla M. "The Organization of Craft Production at Vijayanagara, South India." American Anthropologist 90, no. 3 (September 1988): 580–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1988.90.3.02a00040.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vijayanagar'

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