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Journal articles on the topic 'Viking and Middle Ages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zachrisson, Inger. "Sjiele sacrifices, Odin treasures and Saami graves?" Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 12 (January 1, 1987): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67153.

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This paper presents archaeological findings described as Saami metal deposits. These well-known "Finds from Lapp Places of Sacrifice", objects from the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages, were mostly found in northern Sweden. The author also presents a research project dealing with prehistoric and medieval Saami graves from the south Saami area.

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2

Zhiryakov, K. "THE DEFINITION OF «VIKING AGE»: GENESIS AND MAIN APPROACHES IN MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY." SCIENTIFIC NOTES OF V. I. VERNADSKY CRIMEAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY. HISTORICAL SCIENCE 11, no. 2 (2025): 62–78. https://doi.org/10.29039/2413-1741-2025-11-2-62-78.

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The article analyzes ways of interpreting the definition of «Viking Age» depending on the methodological apparatus of the study. Three stages of scientific research of the Scandinavian society of the «Viking Age» are identified and the time of emergence of the definition «Viking Age” in historiography is revealed. Research devoted to the study of the Scandinavian society of the «Viking Age» is methodologically based on a unitary-stage and plural-cyclic approach. The dependence of the method of interpreting the definition on the prevailing methodological approach of the study is analyzed. Withi

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3

Møller, Andreas Hjort. "Gravhøjen åbnes." Passage - Tidsskrift for litteratur og kritik 34, no. 81 (2019): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pas.v34i81.114434.

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Andreas Hjort Møller: “The Opening of the Barrow – From Rococo Medievalism in Johann Elias Schlegel’s Canut to Viking Romanticism in Johannes Ewald’s Rolf Krage” This article demonstrates how the representation of the Middle Ages changes from the picture of a barbaric period into the vision of a glorified past. Johann Elias Schlegel adapted a passage from Saxo’s Gesta Danorum for his 1746 play King Canute, which influenced Johannes Ewald’s widely read 1770 Saxonian play Rolf Krage. Both plays were highly popular in their time. Schlegel portrays the Middle Ages as a stark contrast to the

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4

Barrett, James H. "Fish trade in Norse Orkney and Caithness: a zooarchaeological approach." Antiquity 71, no. 273 (1997): 616–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00085367.

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The trade of dried fish played an important role in the transformation from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages in Scandinavian polities such as Arctic Norway. This paper develops zooarchaeological methods to investigate whether similar processes occurred in the less well documented Norse colonies of northern Scotland — the joint earldoms of Orkney and Caithness.

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Loftsgarden, Kjetil. "Mass Production and Mountain Marketplaces in Norway in the Viking and Middle Ages." Medieval Archaeology 64, no. 1 (2020): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2020.1754662.

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Contreras Martín, Antonio, and María Carmen Ruiz Cantero. "El mundo vikingo según Marvel: una aproximación." Cuadernos del CEMyR, no. 32 (2024): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cemyr.2024.32.16.

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Since the 19th century, it is well known that the Middle Ages have been used from different perspectives and with various objectives to configure and reconfigure the different imaginaries of Western culture. The purpose of this work is to deal with the use of the Middle Ages, specifically the Viking world, which has been made in some Marvel comics. To do this, we will focus on Thor series in Journey Into Mistery (1962-1963) and Tales of Asgard series (1963-1967), in order to observe, on the one hand, what treatment has been given to possible sources, and, on the other, to understand for what p

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Jensen, Hans Arne. "Catalogue of late- and post-glacial macrofossils of Spermatophyta from Denmark, Schleswig, Scania, Halland, and Blekinge dated 13,000 B.P. to 1536 A.D." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A 6 (December 20, 1985): 1–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriea.v6.7025.

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The catalogue summarizes published finds of macrofossils from 551 taxa of Spermatophyta originating from 505 sites in Denmark, Schleswig, Scania, Halland, and Blekinge and dated to periods between 13,000 B.P. and 1536 A.D. The information is arranged in one map and three tables. The map shows the position of each find. Table 1 presents the sites by number and name, where the finds are published, their age, the dating method applied, and the media examined. Table 2 lists the finds of macrofossils in pollen assemblage zones I-IX and the periods Pre-Roman Iron Age, Roman Iron Age, Germanic Iron A

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8

Grupa, Małgorzata, and Tomasz Kozłowski. "Selected Determinants of Social Position and Elitism in Archaeological Studies of the Early Middle Ages." Światowit, no. 60 (December 5, 2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0082-044x.swiatowit.60.5.

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Issues related to luxury relics such as silk textiles were associated in most early medieval discoveries with the movement of Viking groups from north to south and back. These priceless relics were found on burial grounds, and their owners undoubtedly belonged to the economic elite of the population. Parallel anthropological studies were carried out to see if this elitism is corroborated by individual morphological characteristics of the deceased persons. However, no significant differences defining the elitism of the studied individuals were uncovered. It is the grave furnishings – silk fabri

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9

Simón, Armando. "The Berserker/Blind Rage Syndrome as a Potentially New Diagnostic Category for the DSM-III." Psychological Reports 60, no. 1 (1987): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.1.131.

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It is proposed that a new type of disorder be incorporated in the DSM-III under the category of Dissociative Disorders. The disorder, the Berkserker/Blind Rage Syndrome is characterized by (a) violent overreaction to physical, verbal, or visual insult, (b) amnesia during the actual period of violence, (c) abnormally great strength, (d) specifically target-oriented violence. Some case studies are presented for illustration and a parallel is made with the Viking Berserkers of the Middle Ages.

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10

Linaa, Jette. "From Landing site to Local Centre." Danish Journal of Archaeology 13, no. 1 (2024): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.7146/dja.v13i1.148522.

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The Viking Age represents a period of significant dynamism, during which local centres and urban sites participated to varying extents in maritime networks. This paper investigates the development, activities, and maritime engagement of the Danish town of Aarhus, located on the East Coast of Jutland, during the Viking Age. In previous research, Aarhus has been portrayed as a prominent town founded in the 8th century with substantial ties to maritime networks. However, this study challenges that narrative through a comparative analysis of structures and 16,000 from 20 excavations—contextualised

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11

Benedictow, Ole Jørgen. "The demography of the Viking age and the high middle ages in the Nordic countries." Scandinavian Journal of History 21, no. 3 (1996): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03468759608579323.

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12

Fialko, O. Ye. "AMAZONS IN VIKING AGE." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 26, no. 1 (2018): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.01.05.

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Amazons are usually associated with the period of the early Iron Age. However, a large number of graves of armed women of the early Middle Ages are known in the territory of Eurasia. In the Scandinavian countries, the period of the 9th — the first half of the 11th centuries was called the «Viking Age». This period is related to the military, commercial and demographic expansion of the Scandinavians. During the archaeological researches, burials of women with weapons were recorded in the cemeteries of Denmark, Norway and Southern Sweden. They constitute a small series of 16 funerary complexes.&

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Barrett, James H., and Michael P. Richards. "Identity, Gender, Religion and Economy: New Isotope and Radiocarbon Evidence for Marine Resource Intensification in Early Historic Orkney, Scotland, UK." European Journal of Archaeology 7, no. 3 (2004): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957104056502.

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Stable isotope measurements and radiocarbon dates on 54 burials from northern Scotland document trends in marine protein consumption from the late Iron Age to the end of the Middle Ages. They illuminate how local environmental and cultural contingencies interrelated with a pan-European trend towards more intensive fishing around the end of the first millennium AD. Little use was made of marine foods in late Iron Age Orkney despite its maritime setting. Significant fish consumption appeared in the Viking Age (ninth to eleventh centuries AD), first in the case of some men buried with grave-goods

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14

Klevnäs, Alison Margaret. "‘Imbued with the Essence of the Owner’: Personhood and Possessions in the Reopening and Reworking of Viking-Age Burials." European Journal of Archaeology 19, no. 3 (2016): 456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14619571.2016.1190202.

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This article examines the wide range of grave disturbance practices seen in Viking-age burials across Scandinavia. It argues that the much-debated reopenings at high-profile sites, notably the Norwegian ‘royal’ mounds, should be seen against a background of widespread and varied evidence for burial reworking in Scandinavia throughout the first-millennium AD and into the Middle Ages. Interventions into Viking-age graves are interpreted as disruptive, intended to derail practices of memory-creation set in motion by funerary displays and monuments. However, the reopening and reworking of burials

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15

Rogers, Penelope Walton. "Tracing Textile Production from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages: Tools, Textiles, Texts and Contexts." Medieval Archaeology 67, no. 1 (2023): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204755.

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16

UCHIROVA, Margarita, Sergey KHUDYAKOV, and Varvara BRIGUGLIO. "Intramundane Asceticism as a Basis for Organizing Irish Monastery in the Early Middle Ages." WISDOM 2, no. 1 (2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i1.774.

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The work aims to study the features of the organization of the early medieval Christian society based on the development of intramundane asceticism as the basis of worldly activities with the aim of the natural arrangement of the world under the commitment to the conceptual vocation. The need to update the research study on this issue of inciting contradictions in ideas about the essence of Irish Christian culture. The chronological scope of the study is limited to the period of the 5th-11thcenturies. The lower limit of distribution with the birth of the Irish Christian mission and the appeara

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Khlevov, Alexander, and Ilya Goubanov. "Seaxes and skalms: Single-edged weapon in the Old Icelandic texts." Scandinavian Philology 22, no. 1 (2024): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2024.112.

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The article examines the problem of the use in combat conditions and classification of single-edged short-bladed weapons of the Germanic and neighboring peoples of Europe in the early Middle Ages — combat knives seaxes. The authors consider the numerous existing archaeological finds in the context of terms used in modern Scandinavian languages, and also turn to the analysis of options for using the terms “seax” and “skalm” in archaic texts. A contextual analysis of the use of these terms in the poetic texts of songs from the Elder Edda and the prose of Icelandic sagas belonging to various subt

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18

Kelly, Morgan, and Cormac Ó Gráda. "The Waning of the Little Ice Age: Climate Change in Early Modern Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 3 (2013): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00573.

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The supposed ramifications of the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling temperatures straddling several centuries in northwestern Europe, reach far beyond meteorology into economic, political, and cultural history. The available annual temperature series from the late Middle Ages to the end of the nineteenth century, however, contain no major breaks, cycles, or trends that could be associated with the existence of a Little Ice Age. Furthermore, the series of resonant images, ranging from frost fairs to contracting glaciers and from dwindling vineyards to disappearing Viking colonies, often adduc

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19

Wilson, David M. "Else Roesdahl 60 år." Kuml 51, no. 51 (2002): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v51i51.102990.

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Else Roesdahl reaches 60l first met Else Roesdahl in 1969, when, newly graduated, she was working as an assistant in the National Museum. This was the foundation of a friendship which spans her professional career.Else was born on Als and her sense of history and her fierce in dependence is based in the background of her family, which was deeply involved in the politics of Sønderjylland after 1864. Although she studied in Copenhagen, she returned to Jutl and with her husband, Erich Lange, in 1970, and soon became firmly established in Aarhus University.As a student (and later as a postgraduat

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20

Lund, Julie. "Thresholds and Passages: The Meanings of Bridges and Crossings in the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages." Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 1 (January 2005): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.vms.2.3017467.

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21

Koskela Vasaru, Mervi. "Bjarmaland and Interaction in the North of Europe from the Viking Age until the Early Middle Ages." Journal of Northern Studies 6, no. 2 (2013): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/jns.v6i2.719.

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The medieval Scandinavian written sources locate Bjarmaland to the White Sea. The words Terfinna land connect the location with the Kola Peninsula and the environs of the Varzuga River whereas the name Gandvík guides our interest towards the Kantalahti Bay of the White Sea. The name Vína can be connected with either the Northern Dvina River or Viena Karelia. The Bjarmians as portrayed in the written sources seem to have been a permanently settled group of Baltic Fennic speaking people that lived in the north of Europe since the Viking Age (first mentioned in writing in the ninth century) until

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22

Lund, Julie. "Våben i vand – Om deponeringer i vikingetiden." Kuml 53, no. 53 (2004): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v53i53.97499.

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Weapons in water The purpose of the article is to throw light on Viking Age weapon finds from wetland areas. In the presentation, the author claims that these weapons should be interpreted as traces of ritual acts of deposition rather than as lost items or traces of actual battles. The positions of the weapon deposits in the landscape are discussed. Further, the interpretation of a number of written sources mentioning weapons in connection with wetlands is discussed. An examination of Viking Age weapons found in wetlands in Zealand and Scania shows that they are concentrated in the small river

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23

Benham, Jenny. "The earliest arbitration treaty? A reassessment of the Anglo-Norman treaty of 991*." Historical Research 93, no. 260 (2020): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa001.

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Abstract Concluded at Rouen in March 991, the Anglo-Norman treaty has traditionally occupied a very small corner of the huge historiography for King Æthelred’s reign as one of the first of the king’s failures to deal with the threat of renewed viking raids. This article is an attempt to rethink the place and importance of this treaty in the scholarly literature by looking at it from the perspective of how diplomacy was practised in the earlier middle ages. It reveals the treaty as the earliest arbitration treaty in the medieval West and offers alternative ways of viewing the immediate context

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Kazanski, Michel, and Anna Mastykova. "Burials with Horses at the Necropolis of the Sambian-Natangian Culture of the Early Middle Ages and Anthropological Data." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp215267279.

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This paper compares the results of anthropological research and information about the burial of horses in the burial grounds of the Sambian-Natangian civilisation (Dolkeim-Kovrovo culture). The inclusion of anthropological analysis data from the cemeteries of Mitino and Zaostrovye-1 shows that for the Merovingian period and the beginning of the Viking period, the connection of horse burials exclusively with male graves is not certain. Horse burials are accompanied here by male, female and children’s burials. Presence of a horse in the burials of Sambian-Natangian culture was undoubtedly a soci

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Baug, Irene, Wojciech Filipowiak, Øystein James Jansen, and Torkil SØrlie RØhr. "Norse Whetstones in Slavic Areas—Indicators of Long-Distance Networks During the Viking Age and the Middle Ages." Medieval Archaeology 68, no. 1 (2024): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2024.2347751.

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E Batey, Colleen. "Quarrying in Western Norway. An Archaeological Study of Production and Distribution in the Viking Period and Middle Ages." Medieval Archaeology 60, no. 1 (2016): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2016.1147829.

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27

Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben. "Der Runen-Stein von Rök und Snorri Sturluson - oder 'Wie aussagekräftig sind unsere Quellen zur Religionsgeschichte der Wikingerzeit?'." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 13 (January 1, 1990): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67173.

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The article contributes to the discussion on source criticism within the research field of Old Norse religion. It examines the common assumption that archaeological sources are always to prefer above written sources from the Middle Ages where the Viking Era is described as such accounts are invariably tendentious and biased. Influenced by theories from the field of social anthropology, however, the article argues for the worth of written sources as a complement to the material ones. As an example, the effort to interpret the inscriptions on the runic stone from Rök are introduced. The article

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28

YEPIK, Marta. "Inheritance of Power in Mercia by Princess Aelfwynn." Вісник Львівського університету. Серія історична / Visnyk of the Lviv University. Historical Series, no. 54 (November 3, 2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/his.2022.54.11601.

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The period of the early Middle Ages is controversial among scholars, especially with regard to gender studies, which have intensified since the late twentieth century. It is believed that in the Middle Ages women were restricted in their rights and the role of a noble woman was limited to strengthening alliance by contracting dynastic marriage. This was the case with the Carolingians, but the end of the early Middle Ages is also known as the beginning of the Viking’s Age, where women were treated with honor and respect, a woman could rule the odal while her husband was absent, and participate

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Stensköld, Eva. "Flying Daggers, Horse Whisperers and a Midwinter Sacrifice: Creating the Past during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages." Current Swedish Archaeology 14, no. 1 (2021): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2006.10.

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This paper sets out to trace the life history of a horse skull found in a bog in Scania in the year 1900. A parallel is drawn between the find of the horse and the famous painting, "Midwinter Sacrifice" by Carl Larsson. The story of the horse has opened up a discussion on how material culture is created and recreated in time and space, resulting in completely new communicative fields. The manifestation of the past and the reuse of Stone Age places and artefacts are brought into focus when the author discusses the location where the horse skull was originally found.

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Syrovatko, A. S., N. E. Zaretskaya, A. A. Troshina, and A. V. Panin. "Radiocarbon Chronology of the Schurovo Burial Mound Cremation Complex (Viking Times, Middle Oka River, Russia)." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 771–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047421.

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Excavation of the Schurovo archaeological site, located on a ∼12-m river terrace, has revealed 3 occupation periods: 1) as a dwelling site of the Migration period (4th–5th centuries AD); 2) as local burial mounds (termed “houses of the dead” in Russian); 3) and as a ground burial period, which left a cremation layer directly on the ground and is now covered by the Little Ice Age overbank alluvium. The latter 2 periods contain few artifacts, which makes radiocarbon dating more appropriate for establishing their chronology. The burial mounds were dated to the mid-6th to mid-7th centuries AD. The

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Filipowiak, Wojciech, Michał Bogacki, and Karolina Kokora. "The Center of Slavs and Vikings in Wolin, Poland. History, scenography, story and efect." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 29, no. 1 (2021): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.106.

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In this paper, the authors analyze the Center of Slavs and Vikings (hereinafter Centrum), a reconstruction of early medieval Wolin functioning as an open air museum. The reconstruction was made on an islet on the Dziwna Strait, opposite the center of Wolin. In the early Middle Ages, the city was one of the largest craft and trade centers on the Baltic Sea. It appears in numerous written sources and has been the subject of archaeological research for nearly 200 years. Its history is connected with the legend of Jómsborg and Vineta. The idea of building an archaeological and ethnographic open-

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Bondar, Igor. "The runic inscription of the new zoomorphic amulet of Scandinavian jewelry traditions of the early Middle Ages, originating from the Middle Dniester of Republic of Moldova." Scandinavian Philology 20, no. 1 (2022): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.110.

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The present study focuses on the decipherment and interpretation of the unique runic inscription carved on the zoomorphic pendant of Scandinavian jewelry traditions. The new Scandinavian zoomorphic pendant of 10th century, originating from the region of Middle Dniester, Republic of Moldova. The graffito and amulet have no direct analogies. In the research paper the runic inscription is interpreted as the protection magical spell. The runic inscription is based on the ideographic runes of the Elder and the Younger Futhark. The runic inscription of a similar nature with this combination of graph

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Haas, Ain. "The Bowed Lyre of Estonia’s Swedes: Origin, Diffusion, Decline, Revival." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 93 (August 2024): 105–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2024.93.haas.

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Once played across Northern Europe in the Middle Ages, as early as the Viking Era, the bowed lyre has survived in an unbroken tradition in the Baltic region. The traditional playing method uses a loosely strung bow to stroke drone and melody strings simultaneously, while pressing the latter with knuckles or fingernails through a handhole. Iconographic, archeological, and ethnographic evidence points to the likely derivation of the bowed lyre from the bowed lute of Moorish Iberia or the Byzantine Empire. After a long decline in popularity, revivals occurred in Sweden (1970s), Finland (1980s), a

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Arkæologisk Selskab, Jysk. "Anmeldelser 2015." Kuml 64, no. 64 (2015): 275–343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v64i64.24315.

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Sofie Laurine Albris: At bo, at benævne. Arkæologi og stednavne i jernalderens og vikingetidens landskab. Eksempler fra Sydvestsjælland.(Lisbeth Eilersgaard Christensen)Angelika Abegg-Wigg & Nina Lau (eds.): Kammergräber im Barbaricum. Zu Einflüssen und Übergangsphänomenen von der vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis in die Völkerwanderungszeit.(Birgit M. Rasmussen)Kasper H. Andersen og Stefan Pajung (red.): Drikkekultur i middelalderen. (Jette Linaa)Hans Dal: Arkæologi på havbunden. Historien om udgravningen af en stenalderboplads i Tybrind Vig.(Peter Moe Astrup og Claus Skriver)Peder Dam: Bebygge

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35

Lemm, Thorsten. "Husby in Angeln – Ein königlicher Hof der späten Wikingerzeit?" Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89, no. 2 (2014): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2014-0023.

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Zusammenfassung: Seit langem nehmen in Norwegen und Schweden Ortschaften und Höfe mit dem Namen Huseby o. ä. zentrale Punkte in der Frühgeschichtsforschung ein. Sie werden dort als seit jeher bedeutende Orte interpretiert, die in der späten Wikingerzeit oder am Übergang zum Mittelalter zu königlichen Höfen aufstiegen und in diesem Zuge mit der standardisierten Bezeichnung *húsabýr versehen wurden. Die dadurch ersetzten ursprünglichen Ortsnamen sind nur selten überliefert. Die Huseby-Orte Alt-Dänemarks fanden in der Forschung hingegen nur wenig Beachtung. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse der in den l

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36

Brégaint, David. "Gro Steinsland, Jon Vidar Sigurdsson, Jan Erik Rekdal and Ian Beuermann (eds.): Ideology and Power in the Viking and Middle Ages." Historisk tidsskrift 92, no. 02 (2013): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-2944-2013-02-15.

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37

Lind, John. "Darkness in the East: Scandinavian Scholars on the Question of Eastern Influence in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages." ISTORIYA 10, no. 9 (83) (2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840007295-3.

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38

Lunde, Arne. "The Vikings on Film: Essays on Depictions of the Nordic Middle Ages." Scandinavian Studies 83, no. 3 (2011): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/23075486.

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Power, Bernard A. "Climatological Analysis of Old Norse Sailing Directions for North Atlantic Routes." Journal of Navigation 55, no. 1 (2002): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330100159x.

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The navigational feats of the Vikings and Norse in the Middle Ages have excited much interest and admiration, and we are fortunate that actual sailing directions for their various North Atlantic routes have been passed down to us in the Icelandic sagas. Using statistical data of modern wind conditions, this paper examines the sailing directions to determine whether the sailing times quoted are reasonable for a type of ship that was making these voyages in the Middle Ages. The findings show very good correlation between the calculated times and those of the sagas. The paper goes on to study an

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SHCHODRA, Olga. "Slavs and Russia on Transcontinental Trade Routes in Early Middle Ages." Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, no. 23 (June 8, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2022.22-23.3590.

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As a result of the Arab conquests, there were significant changes in the geography of international trade routes. They shifted from the Mediterranean basin to the north and passed through the Slavic-populated regions of Central and Eastern Europe and Ruthenia. The new system of water and land routes connected the European Frankish West, the Slavic Baltic Pomerania, the Danube and the Ruthenian East of the continent. With the development of trade with the Arab East, the Way from the Vikings to the Greeks was formed and began to function, connecting the lands of the Baltic Wagri Slavs with Kyiv

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Agersnap Larsen, Lars. "Muldfjælsplovens tidlige historie – Fra yngre romersk jernalder til middelalder." Kuml 64, no. 64 (2015): 165–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v64i64.24220.

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The early history of the mouldboard plough – from the Late Roman Iron Age to the Middle AgesUntil quite recently, the introduction of the mouldboard plough to Denmark was seen as being closely linked to a new efficient Medieval cultivation system, the open-field system, which was considered to be the foundation for dynamic social changes evident in the area from c. AD 1000-1300. The open-field system is often explained in the context of a Medieval agricultural and technological revolution, whereby the mouldboard plough, ridge-and-furrow cultivation and crop rotation were introduced as a kind o

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Piličiauskienė, Giedrė, Laurynas Kurila, Žilvinas Ežerinskis, et al. "Horses in Lithuania in the Late Roman–Medieval Period (3rd–14th C AD) Burial Sites: Updates on Size, Age and Dating." Animals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121549.

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The tradition of burying horses in Lithuania lasted from the Early Roman period until the late 14th C AD. It was the longest-lasting custom in Europe, which has left about 2000 known horse burials. This paper publishes the osteometric data and age of horses found in Lithuanian cemeteries and castles of the 3rd–14th C AD, over 200 individuals in total. These are the remains of all the horses still stored in Lithuanian institutions. The paper discusses the dynamics of horse body size in order to test previously suggested hypotheses regarding the relationship between large horse body size and its

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Rasmussen, Elizabeth. "Translation in Medieval and Reformation Norway: A History of Stories or the Story of History." Meta 49, no. 3 (2004): 629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009382ar.

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Abstract Three major events marked medieval Norwegian literary production, style, and language: the introduction of Christianity, the Black Death, and the Reformation. Foreign material in translation was pivotal to the transition between the pagan Viking Era and the Christian Middle Ages and to the passage from Catholicism to Lutheranism in the 16th century. Lack of translation and literary production following the Black Death also had an impact. Translation in a medieval and Renaissance context must be understood as transfer of knowledge, the crossing of linguistic and cultural borders. The t

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Görman, Marianne. "The Necklace as a Divine Symbol and as a Sign of Dignity in the Old Norse Conception." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 16 (January 1, 1996): 111–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67226.

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Neck-rings are frequent in finds from the Early Bronze Age, ca. 1000-550 B.C. Far later necklaces are mentioned in the Old Icelandic literature. For instance, thegoddess Freyja was the owner of the Brisingamen necklace, according to Snorri Sturluson in his Edda, written in the 13' century A.D. He also tells that the god Ööinn was in possession of the ring Draupnir, from which eight new rings fell every ninth night. Thus, necklaces appear in three quite distinct eras: the Early Bronze Age, the Migration Period, and the early Middle Ages. Is this interest of our ancestors in neck-ornaments conce

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Dahle, Kristoffer, Dag-Øyvind Engtrø Solem, Magnar Mojaren Gran, and Arne Anderson Stamnes. "Making the Invisible Visible: The Applicability and Potential of Non-Invasive Methods in Pastoral Mountain Landscapes—New Results from Aerial Surveys and Geophysical Prospection at Shielings Across Møre and Romsdal, Norway." Remote Sensing 17, no. 7 (2025): 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071281.

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Shielings are seasonal settlements found in upland pastures across Scandinavia and the North Atlantic. New investigations across the county of Møre and Romsdal, Norway, demonstrate the existence of this transhumant system by the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. Sub-terranean features in these pastoral mountain landscapes have been identified by remote sensing technologies, but non-invasive methods still face challenges in terms of practical applicability and in confirming the presence of archaeological sites. Generally, aerial surveys, such as LiDAR and image-based modelling, excel in documen

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Skarsten, Trygve R. "Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. By Thomas A. DuBois. The Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. x + 271 pp. $45.00 cloth; $19.95 paper." Church History 69, no. 3 (2000): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169409.

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Pagh, Lars. "Tamdrup – Kongsgård og mindekirke i nyt lys." Kuml 65, no. 65 (2016): 81–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v65i65.24843.

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TamdrupRoyal residence and memorial church in a new light Tamdrup has been shrouded in a degree of mystery in recent times. The solitary church located on a moraine hill west of Horsens is visible from afar and has attracted attention for centuries. On the face of it, it resembles an ordinary parish church, but on closer examination it is found to be unusually large, and on entering one discovers that hidden beneath one roof is a three-aisled construction, which originally was a Romanesque basilica. Why was such a large church built in this particular place? What were the prevailing circ

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Hughes, Shaun F. D. "The Vikings on Film: Essays on Depictions of the Nordic Middle Ages (review)." Arthuriana 22, no. 1 (2012): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2012.0007.

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Lunde, Arne. "The Vikings on Film: Essays on Depictions of the Nordic Middle Ages (review)." Scandinavian Studies 83, no. 3 (2011): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scd.2011.0045.

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Arneborg, Jette, Jan Heinemeier, Niels Lynnerup, Henrik L. Nielsen, Niels Rud, and Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir. "Change of Diet of the Greenland Vikings Determined from Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and 14C Dating of Their Bones." Radiocarbon 41, no. 2 (1999): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200019512.

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Bone samples from the Greenland Viking colony provide us with a unique opportunity to test and use 14C dating of remains of humans who depended upon food of mixed marine and terrestrial origin. We investigated the skeletons of 27 Greenland Norse people excavated from churchyard burials from the late 10th to the middle 15th century. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of the bone collagen reveals that the diet of the Greenland Norse changed dramatically from predominantly terrestrial food at the time of Eric the Red around AD 1000 to predominantly marine food toward the end of the set

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