Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vikings Europe Europe

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Vikings Europe Europe'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vikings Europe Europe"

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Curry, Andrew. "Ancient DNA tracks Vikings across Europe." Science 369, no. 6510 (September 17, 2020): 1416–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6510.1416.

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Walsh, Christine. "Baptized but not Converted: The Vikings in Tenth–Century Francia." Studies in Church History 51 (2015): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400050117.

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This essay focuses on one particular encounter between pagan and Christian in tenth–century Western Europe, namely the aftermath of the Viking settlement in Rouen and its environs in or around the year 911. There is little contemporary evidence for the early settlement and such as exists was written from a Christian perspective. The Vikings left no records, although their descendants wrote several romanticized accounts of their origins, again from a Christian perspective. Despite this bias in the sources, it is possible to use them to examine the interaction between the two groups. In particular, two letters survive, one from Pope John X (914–28/9) and one from Archbishop Hervé of Reims (900–22), which together give a unique perspective on what it was like at the sharp end of the Viking influx.
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Samsonowicz, Henryk. "The long 10th century, or the creation of the New Europe." European Review 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700003318.

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The tenth century was when the spread of Christianity through Europe commenced the transformation of various state and tribal formations into the form that persisted and that we can recognize today. The political and economic development of Islam created a demand for people from which the new states also derived material resources. Trade and plunder led by the Vikings stimulated the formation of states and strengthened them, this was aided further by the existence of a stable network of roads.
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Kershaw, Jane, and Ellen C. Røyrvik. "The ‘People of the British Isles’ project and Viking settlement in England." Antiquity 90, no. 354 (November 21, 2016): 1670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.193.

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The recently concluded ‘People of the British Isles’ project (hereafter PoBI) combined large-scale, local DNA sampling with innovative data analysis to generate a survey of the genetic structure of Britain in unprecedented detail; the results were presented by Leslie and colleagues in 2015. Comparing clusters of genetic variation within Britain with DNA samples from Continental Europe, the study elucidated past immigration events via the identification and dating of historic admixture episodes (the interbreeding of two or more different population groups). Among its results, the study found “no clear genetic evidence of the Danish Viking occupation and control of a large part of England, either in separate UK clusters in that region, or in estimated ancestry profiles”, therefore positing “a relatively limited input of DNA from the Danish Vikings”, with ‘Danish Vikings’ defined in the study, and thus in this article, as peoples migrating from Denmark to eastern England in the late ninth and early tenth centuries (Leslieet al.2015: 313). Here, we consider the details of certain assumptions that were made in the study, and offer an alternative interpretation to the above conclusion. We also comment on the substantial archaeological and linguistic evidence for a large-scale Danish Viking presence in England.
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Michailidis, Melanie. "Samanid Silver and Trade along the Fur Route." Medieval Encounters 18, no. 4-5 (2012): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342119.

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Abstract While much scholarly attention has been devoted to cultural exchange in recent years, most of the focus has been on the Mediterranean Sea and the land and sea routes connecting China to the Islamic world and beyond to Europe. In the tenth century, another major trading route also flourished between Central Asia and northeastern Europe. Furs and slaves were sent from Scandinavia, Russia and Eastern Europe in exchange for silver which was mined in the realm of the Samanids in Central Asia. Not only were Samanid coins used as currency by the Vikings, but Samanid luxury metalwork objects have also been found in Europe. Using the evidence of such finds, this paper posits the Fur Route as a major avenue of cultural interchange in the Middle Ages and the Samanids as important actors on the medieval global stage. An examination of their far-flung trading connections along the Fur Route not only reveals transmission between these regions, but also reiterates the importance of the Samanids in the history of Islamic art and in that of the broader medieval world.
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Krzewińska, Maja, Gro Bjørnstad, Pontus Skoglund, Pall Isolfur Olason, Jan Bill, Anders Götherström, and Erika Hagelberg. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Viking age population of Norway." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1660 (January 19, 2015): 20130384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0384.

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The medieval Norsemen or Vikings had an important biological and cultural impact on many parts of Europe through raids, colonization and trade, from about AD 793 to 1066. To help understand the genetic affinities of the ancient Norsemen, and their genetic contribution to the gene pool of other Europeans, we analysed DNA markers in Late Iron Age skeletal remains from Norway. DNA was extracted from 80 individuals, and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms were detected by next-generation sequencing. The sequences of 45 ancient Norwegians were verified as genuine through the identification of damage patterns characteristic of ancient DNA. The ancient Norwegians were genetically similar to previously analysed ancient Icelanders, and to present-day Shetland and Orkney Islanders, Norwegians, Swedes, Scots, English, German and French. The Viking Age population had higher frequencies of K*, U*, V* and I* haplogroups than their modern counterparts, but a lower proportion of T* and H* haplogroups. Three individuals carried haplotypes that are rare in Norway today (U5b1b1, Hg A* and an uncommon variant of H*). Our combined analyses indicate that Norse women were important agents in the overseas expansion and settlement of the Vikings, and that women from the Orkneys and Western Isles contributed to the colonization of Iceland.
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Krim, Arthur. "Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings." Geographical Review 108, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gere.12234.

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Gardeła, Leszek. "What the Vikings did for fun? Sports and pastimes in medieval northern Europe." World Archaeology 44, no. 2 (June 2012): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2012.669640.

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Vogt, Helle. "The conversion of Scandinavia: Vikings, merchants, and missionaries in the remaking of Northern Europe." Comparative Legal History 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2049677x.2015.1041742.

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Sindbæk, Søren M. "Networks and nodal points: the emergence of towns in early Viking Age Scandinavia." Antiquity 81, no. 311 (March 1, 2007): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00094886.

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Did towns return to early medieval Europe through political leadership or economic expansion? This paper turns the spotlight on a particular group of actors, the long-distance traders, and finds that they stimulated proto-towns of a special kind among the Vikings. While social and economic changes, and aristocratic advantage, were widespread, it was the largely self-directed actions of these intrepid merchants which created what the author calls ‘the nodal points.’ One can think of many other periods and parts of the world in which this type of non-political initiative may well have proved pivotal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vikings Europe Europe"

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Tillquist, Christopher. "Voyages of the Vikings: Human haploid variation in northern Europe." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279948.

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Europe is a region characterized by a long history of both settlement and resettlement. This study uses information from the haploid systems of the human genome in order to investigate the presence of population structure in Europe and discuss the mitigating effects of shared population history and the impact of evolutionary forces. By means of two kinds of data from the Y chromosome, the study first establishes patterns of diversity across the entirety of Europe. More in-depth analyses investigate the evolutionary effects of settlement and colonization on overall genetic diversity of populations. Finally, considering data from the entire control region sequence, an effort is made to estimate patterns of mitochondrial diversity and compare their import to that of the Y chromosome.
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Malbos, Lucie. "Les relations entre les emporia et leurs hinterlands en Europe du Nord-Ouest du VIIe au Xe siècle." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010668.

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Les emporia, sites commerciaux abritant des activités artisanales, apparaissent aux VIIe et VIIIe siècles sur les rives des mers du Nord, Baltique et Manche, alors que le centre de gravité économique se déplace de la Méditerranée vers le Nord, que les échanges se font plus massifs et que les pouvoirs politiques se recomposent. Situés à la fois à la périphérie des royaumes en train de se constituer et au centre des réseaux d'échanges, ce sont des lieux de rencontre (économique, politique, culturelle), où marchands anglo-saxons, francs, frisons, scandinaves et slaves échangent marchandises et idées, ainsi que des centres de consommation, de production, d'échange, de stockage et de transit. Leurs caractéristiques communes permettent de comparer les sites scandinaves (Birka, Kaupang, Hedeby, Ribe), anglo-saxon (Hamwic) et francs (Quentovic et Dorestad), en les resituant par rapport aux changements politiques, économiques et sociaux entre le VIIe et le Xe siècle. Pour cela, cette étude s'appuie sur des sources à la fois textuelles et archéologiques, dans le cadre d'une approche interdisciplinaire, sollicitant l'archéologie, la géographie, l'anthropologie. On se demandera comment les emporia et leurs hinterlands interagissaient, en termes d'approvisionnement, de diffusion des monnaies et objets, et quelles relations entretenaient ces ports avec les différents pouvoirs, en abordant leurs fonctions fiscales, administratives, juridiques et même religieuses, pour esquisser des réseaux sociaux, à des échelles différentes (du local aux réseaux d'échanges à longue-distance), tout en s'interrogeant sur les liens entre les différents emporia en Europe du Nord-Ouest, voire au-delà
The emporia, trading-stations with manufacturing activities, appear during the 7th and 8th centuries on the North Sea, Baltic and Channel shores, when the economic axis moved from the Mediterranean Sea towards the North, when the exchanges become more important and the political powers are remodeled. On the periphery of kingdoms being set up and at the heart of exchange networks, they are meeting places, with economic, political and cultural aspects and where Anglo-Saxon, Frankish, Frisian, Scandinavian and Slav traders mingle with each other. They are also consumption centers and producing sites where exchanges, storage and transit can take place. Thanks to their common characteristics we can compare Scandinavian sites (Birka, Kaupang, Hedeby, Ribe), Anglo-Saxon site (Hamwic) and Frankish sites (Quentovic and Dorestad), in a context of political, economic and social changes during the 7th-10th centuries. To this end, this study rests on both written and archaeological sources, in an interdisciplinary approach using archaeology, geography, anthropology. We will wonder how the emporia and their hinterlands interact, as regards supply issues, coinage, importations and craft productions circulation. We will also examine the relationships between the emporia and various authorities, and elaborate on the fiscal, administrative, juridical and even religious functions of these trading ports, to outline social networks, on different scales (from local insertion to integration in the long-distance trade networks), while examining the links between the different emporia in Northwestern Europe and even beyond
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Jaubert, Anne Nissen. "Peuplement et structures d'habitat au Danemark durant les IIIe-XIIe siècles dans leur contexte nord-ouest européen." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0058.

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Les structures d'habitat danoises des iiie-xiie siecles sont rapprochees de celles observees dans le nord-ouest de l'europe. La generalisation des fermes cloturees vers 200 et l'emergence du village medieval aux xie-xiie siecles delimitent les cadres chronologiques. La grande plaine de l'europe septentrionale determine l'aire geographique de l'etude. Les autres pays nordiques en sont donc exclus. La transgression du limes permet de confronter le poids de la culture avec le poids de la nature. Cinq regions test, reparties sur l'ensemble du danemark actuel, permettent d'aborder l'occupation du sol. En dehors des sources archeologiques traditionnelles, ces analyses accordent une place importante aux eglises, premieres sources a nous renseigner sur le peuplement et les capacites economiques dans l'ensemble du pays. Les habitats danois connaissent trois transformations : la cloturation des fermes vers 200, leur agrandissement significatif vers 700 et l'enracinement de l'habitat entre 1000 et 1200 environ. La comparaison avec l'habitat rural europeen repose sur une selection de fouilles etendues depuis le nord de l'allemagne jusqu'au nord de la france. Malgre les differences regionales et quelques decalages chronologiques, trois etapes d'evolution esquissent une evolution analogue
The settlement's patterns and the structures of rural sites in denmark from ca 200 ad to ca 1200 ad are compared to those of the northwestern europe. Fondamental changes in the settlements' organisation determine the chronological framework. The geographical limits follow the north european plain, excluding the other scandinavian countries. Ca 200 ad the farms become larger and enclosed. This lay-out will be maintained during the whole period. The stabilization of the settlement and the emergency of the medieval village mark the end of the study. The analysis of 5 microregions examine the settlement patterns in different parts of the country. The settlement structures are studied by small and large excavations from all of denmark. Three important changes are noted before ca. 1200 : the enclosed farm ca 200, a significant enlarging ca 700 and the development of stable settlements in the beginning of the northern middle ages. The comparison with north-west european excavations shows important regional differences but it put three major changes in rural settlements into evidence
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Gruszczynski, Jacek. "Comparative study of archaeological contexts of silver hoards c.800-1050 in northern and central Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7e38b8a-60e7-4f8c-b53c-3daecb250e39.

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The dissertation deals with the archaeological context of Baltic-zone silver hoards deposited in the Viking Age. Its main objective is to investigate the hoards and the context of their deposition to determine how hundreds of thousands of silver artefacts, mainly Oriental dirhams, arrived in Northern Europe, why they were put in the ground and never retrieved. The review of the published sources on hoards was undertaken in three case studies: Gotland, Pomerania and Svealand. The data on hoards, archaeological sites, geology and topography was collected in geodatabases, and analysed in detail by applying descriptive and advanced statistical methods: regression modelling and GIS-based spatial analysis. The results were presented in the historical context depicted in contemporary literary sources. Hoard deposition was most pronounced near sites which afforded conditions suitable for mercantile exchange and facilitated the flow of silver: the network of emporia, regional trade hubs, local power centres, and harbours, generally situated near major communication routes and within populated areas. However, exchange networks needn't have been strictly hierarchical, and emporium-scale sites were not indispensable for a fair share of silver influx, and trade, to occur. Chronological changes in hoard distributions, their composition and fragmentation of objects indicate how these networks operated and meshed with economic and political conditions in c. 900 and c. 980. A method, which uses the information about the presence/absence of a container, crossreferenced with the weight of silver, was devised to provide an indication as to whether particular hoards were deposited with the aim of retrieval - as savings accessed periodically, or for protection in the face of danger - or whether they were meant to be permanent ritual or symbolic offerings. Ritual behaviour took a variety of forms, but the most widespread were the depositions in recently occupied land in marginal soils, where they were aimed at forging a personal bond between the land and the owner.
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Delvaux, Matthew C. "Transregional Slave Networks of the Northern Arc, 700–900 C.E.:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108583.

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Thesis advisor: Robin Fleming
This dissertation charts the movement of slaves from Western Europe, through Scandinavia, and into the frontiers of the Caliphate, a movement which took shape in the early 700s and flourished into the late 800s. The victims of this movement are well attested in texts from either end of their journey, and the movement of everyday things allows us to trace the itineraries they followed. Necklace beads—produced in the east, carried to the north, and worn in the west—serve as proxies for human traffic that traveled the same routes in opposite directions. Attention to this traffic overcomes four impasses—between regional particularism and interregional connectivity; between attention to exchange and focus on production; between privileging textual or material evidence; and between definitions of slavery that obscure practices of enslavement. The introduction outlines problems of studying medieval slavery with regard to transregional approaches to the Middle Ages, the transition to serfdom, and the use of material evidence. Chapter One gathers narrative texts previously dealt with anecdotally to establish patterns for the Viking-Age slave trade, with eastward traffic thriving by the late 800s. Chapter Two confirms these patterns by graphically comparing viking violence to reports of captive taking in the annals and archival documents of Ireland, Francia, and Anglo-Saxon England. Chapter Three investigates how viking captive taking impacted Western societies and the creation of written records in Carolingian Europe. Chapter Four turns to the material record, using beads to trace the intensity and flow of human traffic that fed from early viking violence. Chapter Five establishes a corresponding demand for slaves in the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate through Arabic archival, legal, historical, and geographic texts. The conclusion places this research in the context of global history. By spanning periods, regions, and disciplines, this dissertation brings to focus people who crossed boundaries unwillingly, but whose movements contributed to epochal change
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Crichton, Anna-Claire. "What’s in a Name; An Examination of Scandinavian Groups and their Interactions in Viking Age Ireland." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1624284838035963.

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Wiklund, Jonas. "Hur såg Birkas hamn ut och vilka transporter behövdes?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Culture and Communication, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2840.

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What is located on the bottom in the water outside of Birka? Remains of a water palisade or jetties and other constructions.

Birka a Viking Age town that existed between AD 750 and 975 was located on the northwestern part of the small island of Björkö, in the Mälar archipelago of the Baltic Sea in Sweden. The Town was protected onshore by a hill fort and a town rampart. It is a widely spread assumption that Birka had a water palisade as a part of its defense. There are logs and other remnants on the bottom of the lake dating back to the Viking age. Uncertainty remains as to the origin of these remnants. The questions being, are they from a water palisade or the remnants of jetties and other constructions. The amount of fire wood alone needed to support 500 inhabitants for one year is equal to a wall of wood one meter high, one meter wide and two kilometers in length. This calculation does not take into account the wood used for transportation of other materials, people and animals. The conclusion is that future examination of the area is necessary to find out what is located on the bottom in the water.

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Schyman, Joakim. "Den gotländska vikingatidabebyggelsens rumsliga placering i landskapet : en empirisk detaljstudie av Hemse socken." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-160.

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Joakim Schyman, 2009. Den gotländska vikingatida bebyggelsens rumsliga placering ilandskapet - En empirisk detaljstudie av Hemse socken (The spacial distribution of the VikingAge settlements on Gotland – An emperical study of remains from Hemse Parish.)

This essay investigates whether a relation between Viking age graves and Viking agesettlements in Hemse parish can be found. This was done by using database information onViking age findings, such as silver hoards, phosphate levels and location of graves in Hemseparish. Literature and maps were also used. Earlier research shows that the Viking agesettlements can be found by silver hoards and relatively high phosphate levels. This essay'sanalysis verifies this. The analysis also shows the possibility of a prehistoric court leet locatedin the center of Hemse parish. The Viking age graves are located close to the possible courtleet, along the ridge running through the parish. These graves are seen as a grave fieldcommonly used by all the settlements in the parish. Findings close to the settlements showthat inhabitants also buried their dead close to their settlements as a marking of territory. Thisgives us a complex picture of the connection between the habitants and their burials duringthis period.

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Lawson, Michael David. "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538.

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Using the lives of impaired individuals catalogued in the Íslendingasögur as a narrative framework, this study examines medieval Scandinavian social views regarding impairment from the ninth to the thirteenth century. Beginning with the myths and legends of the eddic poetry and prose of Iceland, it investigates impairment in Norse pre-Christian belief; demonstrating how myth and memory informed medieval conceptualizations of the body. This thesis counters scholarly assumptions that the impaired were universally marginalized across medieval Europe. It argues that bodily difference, in the Norse world, was only viewed as a limitation when it prevented an individual from fulfilling roles that contributed to their community. As Christianity’s influence spread and northern European powers became more focused on state-building aims, Scandinavian societies also slowly began to transform. Less importance was placed on the community in favor of the individual and policies regarding bodily difference likewise changed; becoming less inclusive toward the impaired.
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Boling, David Carter. "Dust storm transport of pathogenic microbes to Viking Scandinavia : a query into possible environmental vectors or disease pathogenesis in a closed biological and ecological system." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28364.

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This thesis is an integrated study that links several disciplines-archaeology, anthropology, geography, atmospheric sciences, and microbiology. It attempts to generate an argument that central to climate change is disequilibrium in human ecologies- in my case, disease ecologies in Iceland during the 15th century. This thesis investigates the environment's effect on human adaptability. The effect of the environment on Icelanders as they moved from settlement to later periods was disquieting. The climate of the world was changing- moving from the Medieval Warm Period to the colder Little Ice Age. I analyze the disease ecology of the 15th century and also conduct an archeological and cultural analysis of the Icelandic people, to show the deficiencies in their adaptation, and submit that certain shortcomings in their physical environment, as well as the inadequate adaptive synthesis to the environment, led to a marginal adaptation. This was augmented by political unrest and problems with outside trade, which left them vulnerable and susceptible to disease pathogenesis. I discuss the climate change during the Little Ice Age, and assert that this event is the crucible that crushed Iceland after 400 years of reasonably good fortune. Hundreds of epidemics, natural disasters, and hardships befall the Icelanders. One of them is the plague, which comes twice in the 15th century. The important observation here is that the epidemiological and archeological evidence does not always match up. The principal problem is that the traditional vector for the disease cannot have survived the climate as it was in the winters during the LIA. I offer an analysis that pontificates this issue and I examine the ongoing debate concerning The Black Death in Europe. I introduce another possible explanation: the introduction of disease through environmental vectors. The creation of disease ecologies through climate change is important, in light of problems that we face today. I discuss the phenomenon of the dust storm and its connection to disease pathogenesis. By showing several key examples of dust from Africa to disease pathogenesis in the Caribbean, I make the connection a good one. In addition to this connection is the atmospheric analysis that shows incontrovertibly that the dust found in Greenland ice cores is only from Asia. Finally, there is the fact that the inveterate loci of the plague bacterium is located in the same areas that Asian Dust Events occur and travel from. I create a methodology for investigating this disease ecology and am able to show that the pathogen can be identified in situ- meaning that it can be found in geological deposits that can be properly dated. My pilot study creates a methodology for the examination of ice cores- the principal reservoir for atmospheric deposits made during the LIA. Finally, I look at the aftermath. I introduce the idea of disease ecology, as opposed to that of a healthy ecology, and suggest by the end of the thesis that within the disease ecology are created many of the platforms for emergent biological changes that translate through evolution over time. Like the bacterium in the ice core, I suggest that evidence for disease states in the history of a people can be found through laboratory techniques. The presence of the CCR5 gene mutation is indicative of such a presence. I believe that the presence of the delta 32 gene mutation found in Icelandic people is the result of being exposed to the plague in the 15th century. This thesis is a platform for future synoptic scale disease studies.
Graduation date: 2005
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Books on the topic "Vikings Europe Europe"

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Klæsøe, Iben Skibsted. Viking trade and settlement in continental Western Europe. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2010.

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Melʹnikova, E. A. The Eastern world of the Vikings: Eight essays about Scandinavia and Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages. [Gothenburg]: Litteraturvetenskapliga Institutionen, Göteborgs Universitet, 1996.

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Stanier, Tom. The Vikings. London: BBC Books in association with Heritage, 1987.

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The conversion of Scandinavia: Vikings, merchants, and missionaries in the remaking of Northern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.

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Roman Reflections: Iron Age to Viking Age in Northern Europe. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.

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The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings. London: Penguin (Non-Classics), 1995.

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E, Batey Colleen, ed. Vikings in Scotland: An archaeological survey. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998.

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Vikings across the Atlantic: Emigration and the building of a greater Norway, 1860-1945. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

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Björn, Ambrosiani, ed. Towns in the Viking age. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

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Björn, Ambrosiani, ed. Towns in the Viking age. London: Leicester University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vikings Europe Europe"

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Jesch, Judith. "Vikings on the European Continent in the Late Viking Age." In Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350, 255–68. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4113.

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Gore, Derek. "Britons, Saxons, and Vikings in the South-West." In Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350, 35–41. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4098.

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Levy, Brian J. "The Image of the Viking in Anglo-Norman Literature." In Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350, 269–88. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4114.

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Brázdil, Rudolf. "Patterns of Climate in Central Europe Since Viking Times." In Climate Development and History of the North Atlantic Realm, 355–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04965-5_22.

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Vikstrand, Per. "Karlevi: A Viking Age Harbour on Öland." In Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe, 99–108. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.5.119341.

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Jankowiak, Marek. "Dirham flows into northern and eastern Europe and the rhythms of the slave trade with the Islamic world." In Viking-Age Trade, 105–31. Title: Viking-age trade : silver, slaves and Gotland / edited by Jacek Gruszczyński, Marek Jankowiak and Jonathan Shepard.Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge archaeologies of the Viking world: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315231808-6.

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Owen, Olwyn. "The Scar Boat Burial — and the Missing Decades of the Early Viking Age in Orkney and Shetland." In Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350, 3–33. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4097.

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Wouters, Barbora, Karen Milek, Yannick Devos, and Dries Tys. "Soil Micromorphology in Urban Research: Early Medieval Antwerp (Belgium) and Viking Age Kaupang (Norway)." In Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe, 279–95. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hdl-eb.5.109547.

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Reilly, Eileen, Susan Lyons, Ellen O’Carroll, Lorna O’Donnell, Ingelise Stuijts, and Adrienne Corless. "Building the Towns: The Interrelationship Between Woodland History and Urban Life in Viking Age Ireland." In Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe, 67–92. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hdl-eb.5.109538.

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"Scandinavia and Europe before 900." In Kings and Vikings, 75–87. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203407820-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vikings Europe Europe"

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Palmer, John R., Geir Tybero, Hugh A. Riches, Graham Dudley, and Marcus M. Marsh. "Renewed Exploration And Appraisal of the Viking Area: A Case Study." In Offshore Europe. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/30352-ms.

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Graham, J. B., D. B. Lubahn, J. D. Kirshtein, S. T. Lord, I. M. Nilsson, A. Wallmark, R. Ljung, et al. "THE “MALMO“ EPITOPE OF FACTOR IX: PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF THE “VIKING“ GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643566.

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Abstract:
The epitope of a mouse monoclonal AB (9.9) which detects a Factor IX (F.IX) polymorphism in the plasma of normal persons (PNAS 82:3839, 1985) has been related to not more than 6 AA residues of F.IX by recombinant DNA technology. The same 6 residues define Smith’s polymorphic epitope (Am. J. Human Genet. 37:688, 1985 and in press). This region of F.IX contains the alanine:threonine dimorphism at residue 148 first suggested by McGraw et al. (PNAS 82: 2847, 1985) and established by Winship and Brownlee with synthetic DNA oligomers (Lancet in press). Using synthetic DNA probes, we have found that the DNA difference between positive and negative reactors to 9.9 is whether base pair 20422, the first pair in the codon for residue 148, is A:T or G:C. We can conclude that 9.9 reacts with F.IX containing threonine but not alanine at position 148.The F.IX immunologic polymorphism-whose epitope we are referring to as “Malmo”-is, not surprisingly, in strong linkage disequilibrium with two F.IX DNA polymorphisms, TaqI and Xmnl. The highest frequency of the rarer Malmo allele in 6 disparate ethnic groups was in Swedes (32%); a lower frequency (14%) was seen in White Americans whose ancestors came overwhelmingly from the Celtic regions of the British Isles; it was at very low frequency or absent in Black Americans, East Indians, Chinese and Malays. A maximum frequency in Swedes and absence in Africans and Orientals suggest that the transition from A:T to G:C occurred in Scandinavia and spread from there. The history of Europe and America plus the geographical distribution of the rare allele lead us to suggest that this locus might be designated: “the Viking gene”.
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Klokov, A., and S. Fomel. "Diffraction Imaging in the Dip-angle Domain - Viking Graben Case Study." In 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20148820.

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Lowden, D. J., and P. A. Hansen. "3D Seismic Calibration to Measure Upper Jurassic Sand Porosity, North Viking Graben." In European 3-D Reservoir Modelling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35515-ms.

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J. Stephenson, D., A. G. Graham, and R. W. Luhning. "Mobility control experience in the Joffre Viking miscible carbon dioxide flood." In IOR 1991 - 6th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411258.

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Hansen, Helga, and Kristin Westvik. "Successful multidisciplinary teamwork increases income. Case study: The Sleipner East Ty Field, South Viking Graben, North Sea." In SPE European Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/65135-ms.

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Hansen, Helga, Olga Eiken, and Thor Olav Aasum. "The path of a carbon dioxide molecule from a gas-condensate reservoir, through the amine plant and back down into the subsurface for storage. Case study: The Sleipner area, South Viking Graben, Norwegian North Sea." In SPE Offshore Europe Oil and Gas Exhibition and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96742-ms.

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