Academic literature on the topic 'Viktor IV'

Виктор Сергеевич родился в 1928 года в Тамбовской области. С 1945 по 1951 годы обучался во 2-м Московском медицинском институте (ныне РНИМУ им. Пирогова), после окончания которого работал ординатором, ассистентом на кафедре факультет­ской хирургии; успешно защищает кандидатскую (1955) и докторскую (1959) диссертации. В.С. Савельев впервые в стране выполнил протезирование бифуркации аорты и безымянных артерий, закрытую комиссуротомию при аортальном стенозе, разработал метод экстракорпорального кровообращения без заполнения аппарата донорской кровью, оригинальные модели водителей ритма. В 1967 году В.С. Савельев избран заведующим кафедрой факультетской хирургии и членом-корреспондентом (1967), а позже – академиком АМН СССР (1974). Виктор Сергеевич впервые выполнил реконструктивные операции при синдроме верхней полой вены, тромбэктомию при болезни Педжета-Шреттера, оперативные вмешательства по поводу острых тромбозов в системе нижней полой вены. Он был автором руководства по неотложной хирургии органов брюшной полости, переиздаваемого трижды (1976, 1986, 2004). В 1998 году В.С. Савельев избирается академиком РАН. В.С. Савельев в течение 38 лет, занимал пост главного хирурга Министерства здравоохранения России. Он являлся председателем Научного общества хирургов России (РОХ), Президентом Российской ассоциации флебологов, главным редактором журналов «Грудная и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия» и «Флеболимфология», почетным членом ряда зарубежных медицинских научных и хирургических обществ. Ему принадлежит более 500 научных работ, в том числе более 19 монографий. Под его руководством и консультировании подготовлено более 70 докторов и более 300 кандидатов медицинских наук. В.С. Савельев награжден Орденами Трудового Красного Знамени (1973), Ленина (1978, 1988), «За заслуги перед Отечеством» II, III и IV степени (1996, 2003, 2007), Государственной премией СССР (1975, 1992), Демидовской премией (2002), званием «Герой Социалистического Труда» (1988), медалью «Серп и Молот» (1988), Государственной премией Российской Федерации 1992 года в области науки и техники (1993), Почетной грамотой Правительства Российской Федерации (2003), Золотой медалью «Выдающемуся хирургу мира», Большой золотой медалью Н.И.Пирогова (РАМН) (2013). 25 декабря 2013 года на 86-м году Виктор Сергеевич Савельев ушел из жизни, а с ним ушла целая эпоха отечественной хирургии.

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to put into focus and explain distinctive features of the political developments in Lithuania during second post-communist decade, comparing them with other Baltic States (Latvia and Estonia) and those Central European countries with political systems which resembled most closely Lithuania (Poland and Hungary) by the end of the first post-communist decade. In all these countries, second post-communist decade witnessed the rise of the new successful populist parties. The author argues that this populist rise is the proper context for understanding of Rolandas Paksas’ impeachment in Lithuania in 2003–2004. His Order and Justice Party has to be classified together with the Kaczynski twins Law and Justice Party and its even more radical allies in Poland, Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz and Gábor Vona’s Jobbik in Hungary, Juhan Part’s Res Publica in Estonia and Einars Repše’s New Era in Latvia. They all were right-wing populist parties, proclaiming in their anti-establishment rhetoric the war on corruption of the (ex-communist) elite and the coming of new politics. While the rise of right-wing populism did not change the political system in Estonia and Latvia, its outcome in Hungary and Poland was the breakup of the ex-communist and anti-communist elites pact which was the foundation of the political stability during first post-communist decade. The Kaczynski twins founded Rzecz Pospolita IV (4th Republic of Poland), grounded in the thorough and comprehensive lustration of the ex-communist cadres. Fidesz leader Orban used the two-thirds majority in the Hungarian parliament to promulgate a new constitution. Lithuania is unique in that the ex-communist and anti-communist elites pact was not abolished, but preserved and consolidated thanks to the collaboration of all, by this time, established and left-of-center populist parties during the impeachment proceedings. The impeachment of Paksas can be considered as the stress test of the young Lithuanian liberal democracy just on the eve of the accession of Lithuania to the European Union and NATO. An unhappy peculiarity of the stress tests is that they sometimes break or damage the items tested. Preventing the transformation of liberal post-communism into populist post-communism in Lithuania, the impeachment as stress test was a success. However, against the expectation of many observers, it did not enhance the quality of democracy of Lithuania. The legacy of impeachment are disequilibrium of the balance of power between government branches in favor of the Constitutional Court, strengthening of the left-of-centre populist political forces and the interference of secret services into Lithuanian politics with the self-assumed mission to safeguard Lithuanian democracy from the perils of populism.

In this work we outline and make a critical discussion of three software packages dedicated to multiattribute models, based on a learning oriented paradigm and involving in its development researchers of INESC-Coimbra. Namely, VIP-Analysis Dias and Clímaco 2000) based on the additive model in order to aggregate value functions, but just requiring imprecise information on the scale coefficients; the IRIS system (Interactive Robustness analysis and parameters Inference for multicriteria Sorting problems - Dias e Mousseau, 2003) dedicated to the sorting problematic, according to a pre-defined set of categories, based on the ELECTRE TRI (Yu 1992), but not requiring the decision maker to fix precise values for all parameters of the method; and, finally , an web interface, called “MATRIX”, for a base of methods including: : Simple Additive Weighting and TOPSIS (Yoon and Hwang, 1995), VIKOR (Duckstein and Opricovic, 1980), ELECTRE I (Benayoun et al., 1966; Roy, 1968), ELECTRE III (Roy, 1978), ELECTRE IV (Roy and Hugonnard, 1982), ELECTRE TRI (Yu, 1992) e AHP (Saaty, 1980).

The role of Information Technology based decision models for sustainable agriculture has gained immense prominence in recent years. Ranking of agriculture farms based on their yield plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture. In this work, an ensemble decision-making model, namely VIKOR (Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution), entropy, and standard deviation (VTOPES), is proposed for ranking the sustainable sugarcane farms. VTOPES system model comprises of four significant steps: (i) determination of significance scores of the sub-parameters, (ii) transformation of sub-parameter sequences into main parameter values, (iii) computation of significant scores of main parameters, and (iv) generation of assessment values and deploying it for ranking the sugarcane farms. The ranking results of the proposed VTOPES model are compared with the ranking patterns obtained from five years average yield data acquired from the selected sugarcane farms. Moreover, the outcomes of the VTOPES model are also compared with other prevalent methods. Subsequently, Spearman’s rank correlation method is applied for evaluating the impact of correlation of VTOPES ranks in comparison with the average yield ranks. Thus, it can be noticed that the empirical results of the VTOPES model provide reliable and sustainable results. Therefore, it suffices to be a sustainable decision model for any problem where multiple parameters are involved.

<p>The palatibility, digestibility and nitrogen balance of the diets containing different amounts of hay and concentrates were investigated by four adult male reindeer after 3x3 Latin square design. Three reindeer were kept inside in metabolic cages and one outside in a fence. Hay was dried timothy hay and concentrates were barley and commercial complete feed. The proportion of hay in the diet dry matter in the different diets was intended to be 80, 65 and 50%. The reindeer did not, however, consume their total hay rations and so those proportions were 75, 62 and 49%. The concentrate rations were, instead, consumed completely. The average total dry matter amounts eaten daily increased, when the proportions of concentrate increased in the diet, being in the different diets 14, 15 and 16 g/liveweight kg, where the amount of hay was 10, 9 and 8 g, respectively. The digestibility of the different components was good in all the diets, (66 &mdash; 78%), and there were no significant differences between the diets and animals. The nitrogen balance was negative in all the diets.</p><p>H&ouml; som foder &aring;t renar.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Med ett f&ouml;rs&ouml;k vari ingick fyra fullvuxna renar (3 &mdash; 4 &aring;riga hanar) och som utf&ouml;rdes enligt 3x3 latinsk fyrkant metoden unders&ouml;ktes smaklighet och sm&auml;kbarhet samt N-balans hos dieter, som inneh&ouml;ll olika m&auml;ngder h&ouml; och kraftfoder. Tre av renarna h&ouml;lls s&aring; l&auml;nge f&ouml;rs&ouml;ket varade i sm&auml;ltbarhetsh&auml;ckar inomhus och en var utomhus i inh&auml;gnad. H&ouml;et var timotej och kraftfodret bestod avkorn och industrielt allfoder. H&ouml;ets andel ber&auml;cknad p&aring; fodergivans torrsubstans var pianerad i de olika dieterna till 80, 65 og 50%. Renarna &aring;t dock inte allt det h&ouml;, som ingick i fodergivan utan h&ouml;ets andel blev 75, 62 och 49%. Kraftfodergivan &aring;t djuren d&aring;remot helt och hallet. De totala dagligen konsumerade torrsubstansm&auml;ngderna &ouml;kade d&aring; kraftfodrets andel &ouml;kade och var vid de olika dieterna 14, 15 og 16 g/kg levande vikt. D&auml;rav var h&ouml;ets andel motsvarande 10, 9 og 8 g/kg levande vikt. De olika foderkomponenternas sm&auml;kbarhet i fodergivan var god eller i de olika dieterna 66 &mdash; 78%. I de olika djurens dieter forekom inte heller m&auml;rkbara skillnader. N-balansen var negativ i alla dieter.</p><p>Heina porojen rehuna.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Eri m&auml;&auml;ri&auml; hein&auml;&auml; ja v&auml;kirehua sis&auml;lt&auml;v&auml;n rehuannoksen maittavuutta ja sulavuutta sek&auml; typpitasetta selvitettiin nelj&auml;ll&auml; t&auml;ysikasvuisella urosporolla 3x3 latinalaisen maliin mukaan j&auml;rjestetyss&auml; kokeessa. Poroista kolme oli kokeen aikana sis&auml;ll&auml; sulavuuskoeh&auml;keissa ja uksi poro ulkona tarhassa. Hein&auml; oli timoteit&auml; ja v&auml;kirehu ohraa ja teollista t&auml;ysrehua. Hein&auml;n osuudeksi rehuannoksen kuiva-aineesta laskettuna suunniteltiin eri dieeteille 80, 65 ja 50%. Porot eiv&auml;t kuitenkaan sy&ouml;neet tarjottua hein&auml;m&auml;&auml;r&auml;&auml;, joten hein&auml;n osuudeksi j&auml;i 75, 62 ja 49%. V&auml;kirehuannoksensa porot s&ouml;iv&auml;t kokonaan. Kuiva-aineen p&auml;ivitt&auml;iset kokonaissy&ouml;ntim&auml;&auml;r&auml;t lis&auml;&auml;ntyiv&auml;t v&auml;kirehun osuuden lis&auml;&auml;ntyess&auml; ollen eri dieeteill&auml; 14, 15 ja 16 g/elopeinokilo, mist&auml; m&auml;&auml;rist&auml; hein&auml;&auml; oli vestaavasti 10, 9 ja 8 g/elopainokilo. Rehuannoksen eri komponenttien sulavuudet olivat hyv&auml;t, eri dieeteill&auml; 66 &mdash; 78% eik&auml; el&auml;inten ja dieettien v&auml;lill&auml; ollut merkitsevi&auml; eroja. Typpitase oli negatiivinen kaikilla dieeteill&auml;.</p>

À luz da concepção do teólogo Hans Jügen-Fraas sobre psicologia da religião, este trabalho se propõe a investigar a propriedade em definir a concepção antropológica de Viktor Frankl como religiosa. Para tal, vale-se da pesquisa teórico bibliográfica, a fim de pôr em relevo alguns temas de importância para Frankl. O percurso seguido consiste em debater sobre: I) A responsabilidade transcendente; II) A delimitação em relação a teologia; III) A relação do ser humano com a questão do sentido; IV) A tendência apologética de se pensar Deus. O método utilizado é a análise dedutiva do conteúdo.

Abstract Background Spirituality is a fundamental, intrinsic aspect of human beings and should be a core component of quality palliative care. There is an urgent need to train hospice palliative care teams (HPCTs) to enhance their ability to provide spiritual care. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a meaning-centered, spiritual care training program (McSCTP) for HPCTs (McSCTP-HPCTs). Methods The modules’ content was informed by Viktor Frankl’s meaning-centered logotherapy with its emphasis on spiritual resources, as well as the spiritual care model of the Interprofessional Spiritual Care Education Curriculum (ISPEC). Following development, we conducted a pilot test with four nurses. We used the results to inform the final program, which we tested in an intervention involving 13 members of HPCTs. We took measurements using self-administered questionnaires at three points before and after the intervention. Using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, we analyzed the participants’ demographic and career-related characteristics, as well as the degree of variance between three outcome variables: compassion fatigue (CF), spiritual care competencies (SCCs), and spiritual care therapeutics (SCT). Results We divided the McSCTP-HPCTs into five modules. Module I: The HPCTs’ SCC evaluation, understanding the major concepts of spiritual care and logotherapy; Modules II-IV: Meaning-centered interventions (MCIs) related to spiritual needs (existential, relational, and transcendental/religious); Module V: The process of meaning-centered spiritual care. The preliminary evaluation revealed significant differences in all three outcome variables at the posttest point (CF, p = 0.037; SCCs, p = 0.005; SCT, p = 0.002). At the four-week follow-up test point, we only found statistical significance with the SCCs (p = 0.006). Conclusions The McSCTP-HPCTs is suitable for use in clinical settings and provides evidence for assessing the SCCs of HPCTs.

This thesis focuses on the politics of Antipope Victor IV and his successors Paschal III, Calixtus III and Innocent III, who were the opponents of Alexander III since the schismatic elections of 1159. The aim is to analyse the political thinking and actions of the antipopes, with an emphasis on the political relations of Victor IV. The thesis is divided into six thematic sections. The first deals with the pre-election developments and the election of 1159 itself. The second considers their position in relation to Alexander III, while the third turns to the papal-imperial policy and examines the relationship between the antipopes and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The fourth section discusses the status and relations of the antipopes outside the Holy Roman Empire. The penultimate chapter examines the attitude of the imperial clergy to the pontificates of the antipopes as well as the obedience of the imperial monasteries, according to papal documents. The final chapter constructs biographies of the antipopes, focusing on the period before their pontificates.