Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ville en voie de développement'
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Essayas, Deribe. "La gestion foncière et le développement urbain dans les villes des pays en voie de développement : le cas de la ville d'Addis Abeba." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/essayas_d.
Full textThe difficulty to manage urban land is one of the problem for the development of cities in the developing world. The inconsistency of land acquisition systeme, the inefficency of land management tools, instruments, as well as laws and regulations from their conception to their application are the origins of this problem. Addis abeba is not exceptional, it shares all these problems with the others, and this in an acute manner. In fact the backwardness of its development can be attributed principally to the different systems of land applied since its emergence. Our research which have analytical approch designated as transversal analysisʺ and which focuses mainly on the land system actually praticed reveals the difficulties of this land tenure system and its negative consequences on the development of the city. Hence this research which is based on a principle set as a long term vision based on a short trem actionsʺ enables us to envisage certain propositions. Consequently, after forwarding some constructive ideas concerning the development policy of the city, we have indicated the different actions to be taken on priority (short term actions). And then, we have envisaged and indicate different land acquisitions systems in a form of different scenarios. These scenarios can be considered as a possible alternatives to diversify and ameliorate the land system which is a key element for the development of Addis abeba in the long run
Song, Justin-Jérôme. "Loisirs et usages des médias dans une ville d'un pays en voie de développement : l'exemple de la ville de Youndé." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010634.
Full textAWhat are the current leisures of adults in Yaounde ? What are the activities that these men and women wish to have ? Why can't they have them at this moment ? In the context of day-to-day life, inhabitants of Yaounde involve themselves more and more in mass communication : cinema, press, television and radio. What is the use the inhabitants of Yaounde make of these last means of mass media ? Which context these leisures are lived in ? These are the essential questions to which this thesis on a study of leisures of the inhabitants of the camerounean capital tries to answer
Laumonier, Laetitia. "Le discours sur les villes en développement : épistémologie de la notion de ségrégation urbaine." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070057.
Full textThis text focuses on the question of “urban segregation” in developing countries. It’s mainly theoretical and epistemological, exploring the relationship between knowledge and discourse. It contains information on a number of ideological issues (Marxism, liberalism, methodological individualism, post-modernism) and geographical concepts (segregation, differentiation, fragmentation) that surround the area of social and spatial inequalities. It emphasizes on an epistemological point of view about the assumptions and outcomes product in urban research. The deconstruction of two concepts “segregation” and “fragmentation” seems to offer a better understanding of the social and spatial logics in the large metropolises of developing countries
Ateba, Amba Engelbert. "Typologie des politiques d'aménagement pour résorber les quartiers spontanés dans les pays en développement : le cas des pays d'Afrique au sud du Sahara." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0047.
Full textSquatter settlement is a form of urbanization developed by low income households in developing countries. It is characterized by high density but built in precarious materials, deprived of equipment and facilities. This phenomenon, which grows more rapidly than the modern housing program, results from the imbalance between offer and urban service demand. Many actions have been undertaken in the cities of developing countries, first to reduce and further to stop this form of urban creation. Most of these actions have already been published in different papers. We have chosen to identify these actions, in the hope to make up a typology and to make an assessment. Thus, we formed three main types of intervention, namely: - Type 1: upgrading squatter settlement in situ, with or without the participation of the households; - Type 2: creation of new urban quarters to go along with the population growth; -Type 3: that deals with partial interventions. Considering the bulk of information contained in our typology, we built a bibliographical database, which allows us to make a precise study of each type of intervention. The relationships established between these types of intervention, Jed us to make an Analysis-Synthesis. The Analysis-Synthesis shows that, our three types of intervention are complementary. It also shows that, other actors could be associated in the upgrading of existing squatter settlement in developing countries, such as private actors
Andriamitantsoa, Tolojanahary H. "Une métropole régionale dans un pays en voie de développement : Majunga." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20019.
Full textDedise, Sophie. "L'épargne financière des ménages dans les pays en développement : le cas du Pérou." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010025.
Full textTanawa, Emile. "Contribution à l’étude des données relatives aux villes moyennes des pays en développement : application à la gestion de la voirie." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0094.
Full textIn developing countries, evidence shows a very rapid growth of the urban population associated with a very speedy increased of the surface are of towns, Thus, raising the issue of urban control and management within a context of drastic economic crisis. A part from a few positive aspects with little significance, the analysis of the context of developing countries towns that we have examined, mainly shows peculiar difficulties which need to be taken into account when designing an information system. The major preoccupations of towns councils are related to urban roads spaces where many other technical networks are operating, Presently, actions undertaken by the Stats central administration and towns councils themselves do not seem to have been analysed beforehand. An analysis of information systems shows that the image of the town as imagined in the developed countries is not similar to the one in developing countries. So, in contrast to approaches that may more easily be shared, peculiar solutions need to be found at local level for developing countries towns. Thus, the following propositions concerning: - the creation of towns networks and the set up of intra urban technical units depending on them, with a particular stress being put on the difficulties that their elaboration may raise: -the set up of an urban database for the technical services of city councils and oriented towards the maintenance of urban roads - the transient steps that are to be followed to reach the step of computer utilisation
Almutery, Sultan. "L’architecture vernaculaire de la ville de Djeddah face à la mondialisation : le cas du quartier d’Al Sharafeyah." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3042.
Full textThis research presents a holistic view of the current city of Jeddah, in its parts built after the Industrial Revolution – Gulf countries in general and Saudi Arabia in particular – to understand the gap between the dominant urban form and the needs of the inhabitants. To answer this question, we examine the political, demographic and technological developments that have produced this spatial form in order to detect the sources of this gap and to examine the nature of the rejection expressed by the inhabitants and local thinkers of the city. One of the important results of this analysis is the identification of the gap between the residence and the neighbourhood. In the planned neighbourhoods, there is a refusal manifested by dysfunctions and a maladjustment to the customary practices of the inhabitants. In the case of unplanned neighbourhoods, while their existence has also contributed to solving the housing problem for the most vulnerable part of the population, there is a significant deterioration of housing. But in these two different urban fabrics, there are advantages and disadvantages that are analysed in this research work
يقدم هذا البحث نظرة شمولية لمدينة جدة الحالية ، في أجزائها التي بنيت بعد الثورة الصناعية - دول الخليج بشكل عام والمملكة العربية السعودية بشكل خاص - لفهم الفجوة بين الشكل الحضري السائد واحتياجات السكان. للإجابة على هذا السؤال ، نحن ندرس التطورات السياسية والديموغرافية والتكنولوجية التي أنتجت هذا الشكل المكاني من أجل اكتشاف مصادر هذه الفجوة ودراسة طبيعة الرفض الذي عبر عنه سكان المدينة والمفكرون المحليون. واحدة من النتائج المهمة لهذا التحليل هو تحديد الفجوة بين الإقامة والحي. في الأحياء المخططة ، هناك رفض يتجلى في خلل الوظائف وخلل في الممارسات المعتادة للسكان. في حالة الأحياء غير المخطط لها ، في حين أن وجودها قد ساهم أيضًا في حل مشكلة الإسكان لأضعف السكان ، هناك تدهور كبير في الإسكان. ولكن في هذين النسيجين الحضريين المختلفين ، هناك مزايا وعيوب يتم تحليلها في هذا العمل البحثي
Ben, Wazira Lotfia Bachir. "Le sous-développement social et les violences contre les femmes dans la société libyenne avant le "printemps arabe" (2011) : enquête sur la ville de Tripoli." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1021.
Full textThis research concerns the "violence against women" committed in Libya. For years, this question has been asked on the national and international scene, resulting in the adoption of several law. Yet, despite this, gender-based crimes continue to be practiced in developed countries but also and especially in poor countries. To investigate the link between the violence and the state of underdevelopment, this thesis will present, in a first part, the theorical scope of the study before, in a second part, explaining the characteristics of the field survey : the Liban society. The data concerning the liffe conditions of women, and legislations affecting their will, in the third part, permit to analyse the results to a questionnaire sent to a panel of 45 men, convicted or awaiting judgement for the commission of acts of violence again women
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d’urbanisation rapide dans l’île de Java." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1187/document.
Full textUrban change in Indonesia has been faced to an increasing pattern in which the urbanization process has also been taken place in a regional scale. In this process, small and medium cities have also been facing the densification process of urban growth and facing the process of concentration of urban activities. However, not all of small and medium cities in Indonesia can be considered prepared to face the process of urbanization as well as densification and the concentration of urban activities; because not all of them are municipal cities that are prepared for managing the development and urbanization process. Most of them are non municipal towns, which are located in the territory of kabupaten, a non urban region in Indonesia. This research focuses on the process of urbanization of kabupaten in Indonesia, which has formed and developed small and medium cities as the place where most of the urban growth in the kabupaten took place. The objective of the study is to contribute, in this context, to the understanding of the mechanisms of urban development of small and medium cities in developing countries, with reference to the situation in the kabupaten in Indonesia. The research analyses the urbanization process in the kabupaten, and the policy responses of local government to meet the demands of the urbanization process in the region, in responding the pressures of urbanization of their region. The study focuses on two main contexts. The first context is the urbanization process in the kabupaten, especially those in the Java Island, the densest populated island in the archipelago. The region is also the first region to know the regional dimension of urbanization since the 1980s, which resulted in the increase of the urban population in the kabupaten. In addition, this analysis also relates to the comprehension to the key problems arising in the urbanization process of the kabupaten, in the perspective of sustainable development. The second context is the analysis of urban development policies adopted by the local authority and the weaknesses of the government of the kabupaten in dealing with their urbanization process. From the comparative element resulting from the analysis of these institutions to urban development in the kabupaten, the research will confront the local perception on urban development, the policies adopted to deal with the problems, and the weaknesses in urban development policies at the local level. By doing so, the research puts into perspective the conditions for a possible improvement in the local capacities in managing their urbanization and urban development process, their alignment with local realities and their relevance to the challenges of sustainable development. Hence, it is expected that this study provides a better understanding regarding current conditions and how to improve the future of urban development institutions in the kabupaten, in accordance with sustainable development issues
Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, and Fadjar Hari Mardiansjah. "Urbanisation durable des territoires et politiques de développement urbain en Indonésie : étude de trois kabupaten en voie d'urbanisation rapide dans l'île de Java." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00995601.
Full textMahamat, Nadjib Abderahim Saleh. "Evaluation des connaissances et des comportements des parents sur la vaccination contre la poliomyélite : enquête dans les ménages en zones urbaines et périurbaines de la ville d'Abéché à l'Est du Tchad." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR3305/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to identify the brakes and levers for poliomyelitis eradication strategies in developing countries and then to analyze through a questionnaire the knowledge, attitudes and practices vis-à-vis poliomyelitis vaccination for parents of children aged 0-5 in Chad. A review of the literature was conducted by cross-referencing the PubMed database with keywords and a limitation of articles published between 2010-2015 in English and French to identify the barriers and levers to polio vaccination and then a survey to was conducted to relatives in the town of Abeche. The most cited barriers were the refusal of vaccination, insecurity and armed conflict, making access difficult for children and promoting the circulation of poliovirus. Many countries have taken steps to improve immunization coverage. The survey of 210 parents revealed that no family had a vaccination record of their children. However, 97% reported having children who participated in mass vaccination campaigns. Nearly 97% knew about polio and 98% had heard about vaccination campaigns. This work has identified several brakes and levers for the eradication of poliomyelitis. In Chad, knowledge of the disease and the vaccine is good despite rumors about the side effects of vaccines. Nevertheless, the lack of vaccination cards limited the analysis of the results of the survey, only declarative with a very high vaccination rate reported
Sow, Mamadou Daye. "Les transformations urbaines dans les villes du sud : l'exemple de Saint-Louis du Sénégal." Toulouse 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00007145.
Full textFacing problems, a new era of governance began in Saint-Louis in 1996. This era is defined by Saint-Louis new competences on land use, citizen participation in urban governance and the capacity of Saint-Louis to mobilize actors beyond local boundaries. The purpose of this research is to show that the city is in the heart of development issues. The state decentralization process encourages the local governments to make inhabitants and non-profit organizations to participate in the thought over the city. In Saint-Louis, the participation is analysed through the “Assises de Saint-Louis” (Saint-Louis public hearings), participative observation in two neighbourhoods (Diamaguène et Léona) and in the “Groupements d'Intérêt Economique” (Economic Interest Group) in charge of waste management
Ben, Aros Mohamed. "Les développements architecturaux à Leptis Magna pendant l'époque sévérienne (193 – 235)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040008.
Full textLeptis Magna has played a vital role in the history of North Africa.This role is based on the economic data of the city and the good management of its elites who are opened the policy of Romanization by adopting the Roman customs and patterns of Roman architecture. Among elites, most famous are those of the family Septimii which allowed his child, Septimius Severus, came to the throne in 193 AD. Under the reign of this emperor, Leptis Magna reached its peak of prosperity and became the Rome of Africa by setting up a massive constructions program: “The Severan Buildings” are the subject of this study. The choice of this subject is essentially justified by the importance of planning lepcitain characteristics at the Severan period, which generated abundant work in multiple languages. Now an assessment is necessary to highlight the importance and originality of this Severan phase: both for the city itself as well as for imperial ideology, which is conveyed brilliantly. We will try here to know why Septimius Severus gave his full attention to build these magnificent buildings in a short period. Perhaps because it was his hometown? Or was the town an advantageous asset for Rome? The beauty of these great monuments dating from the Roman era requires a historical and scientific research in the urban fabric: To know their operation and their role in Roman society; to study their aesthetic components and to find the common points between them, also to measure the amplitude of the artistic production and its relationships with the political and economic development of the city
Sahsah, Mohammed. "Naissance et développement d'une ville minière marocaine : Khouribga." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET2031.
Full textKhourdigha region is not historically speaking as important as the fat plains of Tadla and Chaouia. This wide region is a transhumance because of climate and soil condition however, the basement of this region contains one of most important phosphate deposits of the word (by its volume and its quality) and working of this deposit will totally transform economical bases, but also demographical and social structures and the life of nomad in the past population was organised around them. Mining activity has created the basic infrastructure necessary to space life, looking like a desert and abore all, it has created the first populating seltlment, consequently the urban heart of Khouribga. Khouribga paternity comes from mining activity and its development is narrowly linked to the progress of phosphate economy. Neverthless since the end of the French protectorate in Morocco, followed by a big development of mining activity, Khouribga has expanded in a regular way
Mingasson, Cécile. "Développement d'un comprimé mucoadhésif pour la voie buccale." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P078.
Full textAbdelkafi, Rami. "Développement soutenable et croissance endogene." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0036.
Full textBenhamouche, Zoubir. "Inégalités, institutions et développement." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0020.
Full textBecq, Hélène. "Etude des mécanismes de développement de la voie nigrostriée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20663.pdf.
Full textPham, Thi Thu Hanh. "Développement de nanocomplexes antileishmaniens lipidiques administrables par voie orale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114822.
Full textThe aim of this work was to formulate nanocochleates containing both Amphotericin B (AmB) and miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HePC) with properties suitable for administration by the oral route for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The first part of this work was a fundamental study of the interactions between AmB and HePC and monolayers of dioleylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) with or without cholesterol (Cho), to provide a basis for the formulation of nanocochleates containing the two active molecules. The results allowed us to define the optimal proportions for the formulation of nanocochleates: 9DOPS/1Cho/0.5AmB/0.5HePC and to predict that AmB and HePC would be incorporated stably into the formulation and would be located between the lipids in the bilayers rather than in the aqueous phase between the bilayers. The second part of the work was the formulation and characterization of nanococheates containing both AmB and HePC. These were derived from unilamellar liposomes containing the two active molecules. The crucial experimental parameters (size of the liposomes, ratio of DOPS to Cho) were optimized. The physico-chemical properties of the nanocochleates, such as the size, surface charge, morphology, encapsulation yield, the organization of the active molecules and the stability during long-term storage were studied. Since the formulation was destined for the oral route, in-vitro drug release and the stability of the nanocochleates in simulated gastro-intestinal media were studied according to the recommendations of the US Pharmacopeia. Finally, a preliminary in-vivo study of the plasma pharmacokinetics of AmB after oral gavage to rats of nanocochleates contained AmB with or without HePC, in comparison with AmBisome and Fungizone, was carried out. A significant oral absorption of AmB was observed. This work has led to the formulation of nanocochleates containing AmB and HePC with appropriate properties for oral administration. However, further optimization is necessary before such particles will be suitable for clinical use
Costes, Pierre. "Naissance et développement d'une ville polycentrique en milieu lagunaire: Martigues." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960168.
Full textKamal, Hassan. "Urbanisation et développement d'une ville Phosphatière : l'exemple de Khouribga (Maroc)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010582.
Full textThere has been an ever increasing urbanization all aver the world for the last four decades. In morocco, like in many other developing countries urbanization is spreading fast. Khouribga has not been left intouched by this pehnomenon. We must point out however, that the urban development of this town has leen narrowly linked with the mining place in the world. Today, khouribga is faced with a serious housing crisis and insufficient maintenance services which have become the most accute symptoms of urban crisis. The proposals on a level the urban management are intended to provide an answer to the deterioration of the urban environment, to the housing crisis and to the endlessly repetitive architecture
Perez, Léa Freitas. "La Ville au Brésil : formation et développement, XVIe-XIXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0029.
Full textThe central idea of this thesis is to think about the relationship between the brazilian society and modernity while taking as parameters the formation and growth of the cities. This analysis start with a critical approach to a certain idea that in brazil, modernity is an unfinished process and that urban growth is the basis and model of modernization. The aim of this work is to show how the notion of modernity as a tradition governs the organization of this country since the early beginings of the portuguese colonization. But between the colonial's idea and its implementation, there stood the brazil as an single reality. This country had the characteristic of creating a "metissage" where several rationalites, codes and modes of organization played an important part. The thesis is divided into three parts : the first part entitled "a new world in the tropics" deals with early brazil under portuguese colonization and with modernity as an key word of the process of the new organization of the world. The second part "the city in brazil" is on the development of the urban network and specially on the links between the city and the society. The thrid part : "a town in the south
Costes, Pierre. "Naissance et développement d'une ville polynucléaire en milieu lagunaire : Martigues." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10002.
Full textChendjovo, Emile. "Le sous-développement volontaire : enquête sur les causes endogènes du sous-développement." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040461.
Full textAliste, Enrique. "Démarche historique environnementale du développement dans la ville industrielle de Concepción, (Chili), 1950-2012 : du développement au développement durable." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0090.
Full textThis work takes place around the ideas of the city, over the issue of development speeches for half a century. It raises the question of sustainable development today, also put into question the looks of a long term on the twentieth century. The industrial city of Concepción (south central Chile) was the icon developmentalist ideas from the second half of the twentieth century. With the hope of the promised modernity, the city expected the progress ; after, the economic growth and development, and ultimately, the sustainable development. Each time with his own speeches will print its mark on the space. Thus, the territory became above all a process, not just a space that contains the physical, economic, social or cultural phenomena. This is the complex of all the joints and this requires a broad and diverse look. Then the geohistorical approach allows to provide an opportunity to discuss the prospects of a territory to both, real and imagined, as it unfolds through plans, speeches and projects, and still experiences that lived by its inhabitants. Anyway, here is a look to the questions about the development from the traces that can be read on the space we have built with the industrialization of a city with quite specific characteristics from its geographical conditions. Thus we can re-signified the issue of development, beyond the traditional concepts of economic geography and classical geopolitics
Rakotomalala, Arilantovao Jean Bruno. "L'indépendance financière des Pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40021.
Full textThe knowledge of the nature, the evolution and the financial independence statement of the developing countries constitute an analysis tool to project the future economic policies and to plan the various axes of economic orientation in sync with the existing local and international context. How and in what measure does the financial independence exist ? Can we draw up a global typology of the developing countries by their financial independence level ? The object of this article is to treat these questions by highlighting the configuration of financial reports between United Nations and the other actors of the economy of the developing countries focusing the analysis on the two approaches of financial independence that are rhe flow approach and monetary approach. The first part will be dedicated to a positive analysis of the financial independence and is particularly interested in his reality. The second part will be dedicated on the normative analysis by trying to see the existence or not of a level of desirable financial independence
Mama, Touna. "L'endettement supportable pour un pays en développement." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D013.
Full textMijiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "Institutions et développement : analyse des effets macroéconomiques des institutions et de réformes institutionnelles dans les pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/48/49/05/PDF/These_Abdoul_MIJIYAWA.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the economic analysis of institutions. In the recent years, many studies have showed that weak institutions in developing countries are one of the deep causes of their poor economic performances. While the need of institutional reforms in developing countries seems to raise consensus, the literature rarely takes into account the costs related to the improvement in the quality of institutions. In addition, improving the quality of institutions may induce costs in the short run whereas benefits will show themselves in the long run. The lag between the costs and benefits of better institutional quality may thus reduce developing countries’ incentives to reform their institutions. Moreover, the literature tackles few, the question of factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. This dissertation attempts to provide clarifications on these points and has two main objectives. The first bjective is to analyse the rationale of the choice of a strategy of economic development based on institutional reform in developing countries. In other words, in spite of the delay in the positive effect of institutional quality improvement, the dissertation seeks to know whether it is economically justified to reform institutions in developing countries. The second objective is to analyse factors likely to facilitate institutional reforms in developing countries. The main results of empirical analyses using data covering the period 1960-2005 confirm that, it is better for developing countries to choose a strategy of economic development based on the reform of their institutions. Likewise, this dissertation shows that an effective combination of internal factors -the existence in developing countries of effective institutions of constraints on the executive- and external factors -FDI inflows in developing countries- are likely to facilitate the reform of private property rights institutions in developing countries. Indeed, our empirical analyses show that: (1) An improvement in the quality of democratic institutions, property rights institutions and regulatory institutions in particular, are favourable to economic growth sustainability in developing countries. (2) The improvement in the quality of institutions induces costs in the short run and benefits in the long run, however, the long run benefits might outweigh the short run costs. We highlight this result through a comparison of the short and the long run effects of democratic institutions on economic growth in developing countries. (3) The probability of reforming private property rights institutions increases with FDI inflows in developing countries endowed with effective institutions of constraints on the executive
Demazière, Christophe. "Développement économique et structuration de l'espace urbain : le quartier ouvrier, la grande ville, l'Europe du Nord-Ouest (étude de cas privilégiée) : Anvers, ville portuaire." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12018.
Full textGauthier, Carl. "La sûreté du Québec : un professionnalisme en voie de développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23940/23940.pdf.
Full textDavid, Stéphanie. "Développement de nanovecteurs pour l'administration d'acides nucléiques par voie systémique." Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982946.
Full textTwo different types of nanocarriers, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) and multimodular systems (MMS) were developed for systemic administration of two types of nucleic acids, DNA and small interfering RNA (siRNA). These nanocarriers are based on complexes between nucleic acids and cationic lipids (lipoplexes) which were either encapsulated in LNC or coated with steric stabilizers to form MMS. One part of this work consisted in the development of siRNA nanocarriers and in their characterisation using physico-chemical methods. In function of the cationic lipid, up to 65% of siRNA could be encapsulated in LNC and presented appropriate characteristics for systemic administration. The second part consisted in the advanced characterisation of DNA nanocarriers and the analyse of their biodistribution profiles using in vivo biofluorescence imaging. In healthy animals, the different DNA nanocarriers presented various distribution profiles in function of their composition. On two tumour mouse models (glioma and melanoma), the DNA nanocarriers presenting a prolonged circulation time showed also colocalisation with tumour cells. To evidence their efficacy, a plasmid coding for herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) was encapsulated and administered, followed by a treatment of ganciclovir (GCV) using the gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. The first results are promising, and showed a tumour growth reduction after several days compared to non-treated animals. In conclusion, the results suggest that these nanocarriers could present a promising tool for various applications in gene therapy
Silva, Adyr da. "Les infrastructures aéroportuaires dans les pays en voie de développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32029.
Full textIntroduction : civil aviation as development factor, essential role and elements of air transportation, state of act of air transportation in developing countries, icao and development. Economical utility of airports. Requirements and decision making process. National airport policy and its implementation. Airport cost and efficiency. Airport management. International cooperation. Airport resources and revenues. Benefits of airport on its community
Rante, Rocco. "Rayy : développement de l'urbanisme et culture matérielle (VIIe-XIe siècles)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10026.
Full textOblet, Thierry. "En quête de ville : politiques urbaines et développement de la démocratie." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21011.
Full textThe purpose of these thesis is to study the progress of democracy through the history of urban policies in France from the 19th century to our days. Until the second world war, the state were reluctant to take charge of urban problems. These were dealt with by the civil service apart from public debate. In the sixties, the state decided to control urban growth. In order to respect democracy, the state instituted methods of participation which were soon denounced as manipulation. Since the eighties, with the "politique de la ville", political action has no longer been reduced to the only behalf of the state. It means the development of local democracy in the institution of urban policies
Leseur, Yanez Jany. "Microfinance et accès aux énergies renouvelables pour le développement durable des zones rurales dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010270.
Full textChtourou, Nouri. "Essai d'analyse économique de l'État dans la problématique du développement." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0037.
Full textAndrianaivo, Mihasonirina. "Banques, marchés financiers et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G016.
Full textThe thesis sheds light into the finance-growth link by analyzing if the stake on economic growth also relies on the structure of financial systems. Two complementary directions are considered :the determinants of financial development and the financial determinants of economic growth. Four questions are addressed in these directions, using empirical and theorical methods, including panel data econometrics and overlapping generation models with financial intermediation and endogenous growth. We find that efficiency is critical for economic growth, and thus developing efficient markets brings more benefits to growth than developing large ad liquid financial markets. These financial markets should, however, complement the banking sector to ease aggregate risk sharing, but the access of individual investors to domestic stock markets is not a priority. In addition, banking sector development promotes stock market development, suggesting that financial reforms should focus on the banking sector first. In that sense, banking sector development benefits from a stable macroeconomic environment and from a policy that promotes trade openness and financial openness. Further, stock market development is supported by macroeconomic environment that promotes savings and stock market liquidity and the capital account liberalization should only be done when incomes are hig enough and/or institutional devopment sufficient. Both sectors need strong institutions -low political risk and protection of investors' rights- as institutions are important for economic growth and for the financial determinants of economic growth
Cling, Jean-Pierre. "Commerce, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités dans les pays en développement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090054.
Full textThe relationship between trade, growth, poverty and inequalities in developing countries can be broken down into three separate relationships: 1/ a relationship between trade and growth; 2/ a relationship between growth and poverty (and inequalities); a relationship between trade and poverty (and inequalities). This thesis presents first a survey of the many recent theoretical and empirical papers studying these relationships. We then build new tools used for analysing the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality. Our survey of literature and the lessons drawn from our analytical tools lead us to make a critical study of the international institutions’ trade and poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Last of all, we present two case studies on the macro and micro impact of export growth strategies in Madagascar and Tunisa based on textile & clothing and analyse the impact on both countries of the dismantling of export quotas in this sector
Saidah, Attoumani. "Institutions et développement." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32002.
Full textIt was increasingly recognised that a country's main ressource is the quality of its political and economic institutions. The poor countries are held back in their development efforts by their failure to adopt and implement appropriate policies and to nourish the appropriate economic institutions. As the formally communist countries, the developing countries have to face enormous institutional challenges. Institutional economics have provided major insights in our understanding of underdeveloppement as an institutional failure. The lack of fundamental rights to property and contract enforcement, the lack of safe places to accumulate savings, the bureaucratic arbitrariness or corruption illustrate the problem of poverty and the importance of improved institutions. The tenacity of vested interests, the problem of collective action and informal institutions in bringing about institutional change are sometimes understated. There is not an engineering solution to the problem of poor institutions. The approach of institutional economics provide a framework for thinking about the challenges of development, which can lead to more realistic solutions and more effective strategies for reform
Ben, El Hadj Ali Ihsen. "La privatisation dans les pays en développement : l'efficacité économique recherchée." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0023.
Full textIn post independence era, the development strategies which have contributed to the government a main role to promote development, during the eighties and following the debt crises, a fundamental change in the government role thought has occurred. This widespread ideological change in the thought of government role within economic development process enabled us to take a new look on the private sector as a principal growth engine. In fact, even if it is necessary, in order to ensure the highest efficiency level, the ownership transfer from public to private is not, in general, a sufficient condition. Privatization efficiency benefits could be related to other logics than those of ownership change. Particularly, competition extent and market regulation conditions and, more generally, macroeconomic environment constitute the economic results’ key factors. Besides, efficiency gap between public and private enterprises in general is due to a labor cost differential vs. Public enterprises resulting from the presence of syndicate. In addition, even if privatization constitutes frequently a factor of social dissatisfaction, the evaluation of its employment achievement within public services enterprises, where the monopolistic entity status is often followed by an overstaffing, is, however, difficult. In general, the sale of public enterprises is part of a structural adjustment process where each component has an employment impact, and thus, a difficulty in isolating privatization particular effects. The real challenge is to get through a better division of responsibilities and factors between public and private sectors in order to benefit an advantage from each one and to get over their respective limitations. Hence, it is necessary to get beyond traditional approach consisting of giving separate tasks to public and private sectors. It is more convenient to consider, from now on, that public authorities and private sector are partners rather than rivals
Adamou, Garba. "Mass media et impérialisme culturel : contribution à l'analyse et à l'évaluation de quelques manifestations du phénomène." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H046.
Full textAbdelhafidh, Samir. "Allègement de la dette extérieure des pays en voie de développemnt : présentation de ses fondements et instruments, et examen empirique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0001.
Full textLazo, Cristina. "Les négociations commerciales multilatérales et les pays en voie de développement." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100086.
Full textNdaba, Mosanzale. "Aide alimentaire de l'Union Européenne aux pays en voie de développement." Paris 8, 1998. http://octaviana.fr/document/174464932#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textAfriad, Mustapha. "Développement de modèles d’essieu ferroviaire en interaction dynamique avec la voie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2453.
Full textMultibody models for the study of the vehicle-track interaction used by railway companies consider mainly rigid components. These models are characterized by small number of degrees of freedom allowing real time calculations in low frequency ranges, but these models do not properly estimate real interaction forces because of the strong hypothesis of the components rigidity. These models need to be improved by taking into account the components flexibilities by coupling finite elements analysis with multibody dynamics simulations. The main objective of this study is to develop the multibody models of a railway vehicle and track with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails in order to improve the prediction of vehicle-track interaction forces. Finite element models of wheelset and track are developed and reduced using model reduction methods to reduce their number of degrees of freedom before their integration in the multibody models. Different configurations of vehicle and track models with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails are considered to evaluate the effect of components flexibilities on the contact forces. The first models are made of flexible wheelsets rolling on a perfect track with rigid rails in alignment and curve without irregularities. Then, these models are improved by integration of flexible rails and excitations involved by the rail and the wheel irregularities (rail corrugation, wheel flat and rail joint)
Sahyoun, Jihane. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux polymères ignifugeants par la voie extrusion réactive." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10360/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the development of new fire retardant, eco-friendly, engineering composites, with the incorporation of a low load of fillers in order to maintain the physical and mechanical properties. The study is based on the in situ generation of functionalized inorganic fillers in the polymer matrix during the melt extrusion process by hydrolysis-condensation reactions of alkoxysilane precursors. Morphological and chemical characterization revealed the formation of these composites. Fire tests data showed a significant modification in the fire behaviour of the materials with the addition of the silico-phosphorylated fillers, which proves the interest of dispersing the fire retardant functions by this novel approach. An opening on nitrogen systems was also highlighted. The fire performance evaluated using a microcalorimeter and a combustion cone calorimeter was also used to compare phosphorus compounds introduced by the additive approach and the silico-phosphorylated filler generated in situ the molten copolymer
Lekembi, Dolivéra. "La budgétisation par objectifs dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1045.
Full textGenerally speaking, budgeting deals with forecasting state resources and expenditures wthin a document labeled"budget". Lately, public finances have been positively managed in Francophones countries where results have been observed, improving by the same token the nature of these countries public finances. The starting point of this improvement is due to the approval by French representatives of the LOLF law (the law framing state's budgeting) in 2001 and its ultimate implementation in 2006. This law focuses on transitioning budget based on means presented by its expenditure nature to a planned budget based on targeted objectives and programs. This is far from being a mere improvement of budgeting process, rather, it is total change of budgeting perspective. Before the LOLF law approval, government used to ask expenditure authorization from representatives without explaining its objectives. As of now, government asks for expenditure authorizations for its planned programs : public policies with objectives and indicators which, after implementation, should allow measuring the impact of this public policies. This new vision is also now being put into practice by EMCCA and WAEMU state members
Neiss, Véronique. "Établissements humains et développement durable : politique d'aménagement de la ville durable anglaise." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083668.
Full textThe interactions between urban settlements, environment, economy and social issues are deeply linked to the impact of urban sprawl and the growth of today's cities. The challenge is to propose a sustainable urban form and to improve the European Commission model, the compact city. If there are sustainable urban forms, what do they look like? Is the compact city a sustainable urban form? Two ways of answering these questions are proposed: the first one is linked to the different conceptual and theoretical approaches of sustainable development, the second one is the study of sustainable urban policy in the UK. We reinforce the idea that urban form is not the main aspect of sustainability but is much more dependant on the good balance between the different systems that are linked to the urban phenomenon
Gasmi, Monia. "Espace et acteurs du développement industriel dans la ville de Sfax (Tunisie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1GE03.
Full textFacing the gravity of the challenges and the complexity of the problems linked to the industrial activity, the role of which is essential for the future of emerging countries like Tunisia, we are focusing more closely on the industrial phenomenon in the city of Sfax. A geographical analysis of the city's industry made it possible to answer several questions dealing with the location of the industrials plants and the factors explaining their distribution. Our approach, combining theoretical reflections, observations and analyses, has a spatial dimension since industry can be located and therefore mapped and interpreted. Observation is an essential stage, but it is not sufficient to give an account on the complexity of the structures and dynamics. It is with this aim in view that our explanatory analysis retained three different aspects. Firstly, the distribution of the industrial areas is apprehended using spatial analysis methods. Secondly, the analysis of the current development processes is underlined. Thirdly, the study of the problems involved in this organisation al mode which is threatening the population and becomes a growing challenge to the city, is deepened. Our analysis reveals on the one hand the existence of traditional industrial organisation types, shown by the center-periphery model and on the other hand, a development mode called Local Productive System (LPS). In its spatial configuration this system is in some cases contradictory: after succeeding in offering scale economies, it is nowadays at the origin of urban diseconomies that local authorities cannot face. The concentration of industry on the coast and the existence of companies being noxious to the environment are two variables of negative influence on the LPS and can be thus considered as dangerous and constraining factors to the future strategies of development