Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Villes – Afrique'
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Diahou, Martinien Venceslas. "Villes et encadrement de l'urbanisme en Afrique de l'Ouest francophone : approche juridique d'une lecture des villes d'Abidjan et de Lomé." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084035.
Full textThe cities because they constitute living environments of the human existence and the places which animate the economic dynamics of their countries, need to be legally framed in the occupation and the use of their spaces. A well ensured land control, a good fitting of constructions, the existence of the equipment in infrastructures and superstructures are as many elements which make it possible to get a pleasant life urban but also to guarantee an urban attraction through the image that these cities return. However more and more, the African cities in general and those of Abidjan and Lomé in particular especially know many urban problems of an urban nature which put at evil their urban development: land conflicts, insufficiency of residences just as of building plots and spaces to be able to accommodate in particular economic human activities, degradation of the basic urban services, development of practices of installation in margin of the official laws. These consecutive problems certainly with an unceasingly increasing urban evolution are also related to a deterioration of the regulations of town planning installation by the public authorities for their framing. Those remain unsuited to their contexts, very complex, inaccessible and over all, are unapplied. The research solution legislative and lawful, likely to improve the right of the grounds and to attenuate the urban illegalities and practices in the field of town planning to even contribute to put an end at it, is it what this study devoted to the rules answers which frame town planning in the African cities through the cases of Abidjan and Lomé
Folio, Fabrice. "Les villes du Kwazulu-Natal en Afrique du Sud : entre diversité héritée et évolutions récentes." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_06_folio.pdf.
Full textUrban geography research in South Africa ought to be examined from both a temporal and spatial approach, with interest for the recent evolutions. This refers to the inherited features and the reconstitution, rooted in the landscape, the towns are subjected to. Yet, the apartheid heritage is characterized by an often minimized diversity, explained by an unequal segregated past, plus each region's specificity. The analysis of Kwazulu-Natal reveals this huge diversity, toughened by a turbulent history that bears testimony of conflicts among the communities, and the so-called rural nature of the province. Not taking into account the census, the reintegrated towns of 1996 enjoy a large influence, each one displaying its uniqueness. The latest evolutions make them all the more different as the social and spatial reorganisation is occurring unevenly on any scale : the new behaviours of people are opposed (though linked) and the economic and administrative dynamics are beneficial but plural
Mounoutchy, Benjamin-William. "Les périphéries urbaines des villes d'Afrique Noire : réflexion et essai de définition à partir d'un cas paradigmatique : dakar." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1802.
Full textThe main cities in Black Africa, like all third world cities, are going through a major crisis. Besides and because of their rapid growth ans territorial spread that is clearly lacking control, these urban concentrations suffer from a lack of structure in their urban network. But all the elements at the core of the crisis of these African urban frameworks cannot be analysed outside the specific historical, political and socio-economic background of the studied countries. The urban development in Sub-Saharan Africa took place in successive and often incoherent phases. From the European colonisation in the 19th century until the moment the different countries became independent, the organisation of African cities was caracterised by a territorial segregation, dividing « the white men’s town » and the « indegenous town » . After the countries became independent, the African leaders had to take into account the colonial inheritance as they tried to implement new urban policies. Nearly half a century later, cities in Black Africa still display high contrasts in their urban landscapes, inadequate infrastructures ans precarious equipments. These features, which reveal some imbalance in the structure and building of the urban network, can be seen in different locations in the city, thus developing under-equipped neighbourhoods, that are nearly unaccounted for right in the middle of or next door to other urbanised and developed districts. These urban landlocks where the state authorities hardly ever intervene are as often located inside the city walls as outside, in the outskirts. Bearing in mind that the « city » as such is hard to define, since all cities are different, there is no universal definition for the concept of « outskirt ». In a context as specific as Sub-Saharan Africa, and beyond the classical divide « centre-outskirt » it has become necessary to re-define the suburb : What defines the suburb of a Sub-Saharan city ? Where is it located ? What are its main features ? If you consider the dynamics of African cities, in particular the recurring lack of legislation and taxes, the unsolved ans unclear question of the land, and the constant political crises, it is clear that urban development, with its approximate boundaries and frontiers, does not follow the plain « centre-outskirts » pattern. Rather, the suburbs are constitued by these under-equipped landlocks, deprived of any state intervention, that are sometimes seen in « inner-cities » and on the outskirts of rural places and villages. These suburban enclaves, under the command of local custom and informal rules, have become some sort of real secondary centres, as places of social and economical exchanges. This is the conclusion of this PhD which aims at defining the suburbs of Black cities, based on the case study of Dakar
Giraut, Frédéric. "La petite ville, un milieu adapté aux paradoxes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : étude sur le semis, et comparaison du système spatial et social de sept localités : Badou et Anié (Togo) ; Jasikan et Kadjebi (Ghama) ; Torodi, Tamaské et Kei͏̈ta (Niger)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010557.
Full textIn the first place, the role of small towns within the urban network is analyzed, as well as the nature of the links between them and their "hinterland". Therefore, in the first part, deals with the following issues : the study of the spacial pattern of small agglomerations in West Africa and the modalities by wich they multiply ; the role of small towns in the evolution of the urban networks of Ghana, Togo an Niger ; and, finally, the regional and local functions of the seven settlements chosen for study. In the second place, a functional model of the social-spacial system of the West African small towns is developed. An analysis of the spacial, demographical, political and economical processes taking place in the seven small towns makes it possible to elaborate this model and go beyond local particularities
Jabrani, Abdellatif. "Décentralisation et croissance des villes au Maghreb : essai d'analyse comparative : Alger, Casablanca et Tunis." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020079.
Full textZyani, Brahim. "Organisation administrative et développement urbain dans les villes-capitales du Maghreb : Alger, Casablanca, Rabat et Tunis." Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA02Z118.
Full textLacroix, Emmanuel. "Internet et la communication locale : le cas de l'image des villes d'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020091.
Full textBerton-Ofouemé, Yolande. "L'approvisionnement des villes en Afrique noire : produire, vendre et consommer les légumes à Brazzaville." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30014.
Full textAttanasso, Odile. "Evolution des comportements matrimoniaux dans les villes en Afrique de l'Ouest : cas de Cotonou, Accra et Lomé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0007.
Full textThe study of the evolution of matrimonial behaviours is in kipping with the research of forwarnings of fertility transition in West African countries and specially in Cotonou, Accra and Lome. The data for the study are mainly the census taken in three countries since 1960, the world fertility survey made in Benin in 1982 and the demographic and healt surveys made in Ghana and Togo in 1988. The results obtained can be summarised as follows : - in the towns we notice in age at first in age at first sexual experience through generation and a recent increase in age at first marriage among young genetation. - first marriages are more stable in Cotonou than in Lome. - in Cotonou there are more men in polygamous marriage than in the two other towns, but women in polygamous marriage are more numerous in Lome than in Cotonou. Nevertheless, in all these countries there is a tendancy of regression of polygamy
Hoarau, Jean-Hugues. "Une vision du phénomène urbain en Afrique du Sud : le cas des villes petites et moyennes du Cap de l'Ouest." La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_09_Hoarau.pdf.
Full textSouth African city of the new democratic context is the focus of attraction of the future great stakes. Urban duality is the fact for the same reason of the slow community acculturation which is structurally effective. What is the pace and how those mechanisms have an effect at large as at small scale? Answers underlie urban diversity and regional varieties which are combined to disclose the range of disparities immanent of the urbanization process everlasting of economic strengths. In the Western Cape, restructured built-up aeras of 1996 are not at the same stage of development, some benefit from their asset of colonial town, others in support of their progressive situation, again of their administrative predominance. All the same, in this breeding ground for vitalities, interrelationships remain so much so that specific ranks emerge leaded to examine the rule of intermediate and small size cities in the structure of provincial urban phenomenon
Ghaddhab, Ridha. "Le fait urbain en Afrique du Nord : de la ville du Bas-empire à l'agglomération médiévale à travers des exemples tunisiens." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30041.
Full textThe present research on the urban reality is based on cases studies, hence 52 cities in Zeugitenia and Byzancena are subjected to close an exhaustive examination. Following an uniform pattern, we examine for each of them all the written and archaeological data avaiblable in order to retrace for each examples its appropriate urban landscape for the considered period. Even thought the evolution of agglomerations is highly variable throught Late Empire and Late Antiquity, we can still notice hierarchies and series that reveal the policy of the authorities at time. For the Late Empire, the rulers wanted carry the traditions of Early Empire as regards the material aspect of cities. This period is characterised by the intervention of imperial authority and its representatives in what we may consider as small and medium-sized cities. They were head localities of territories of small extent , and not could no longer maintain their status of urban centres without helpd provided by imperial intervention. As to big cities, they kept by their own means the bulk of equipment they had taken over, such as civic centres, thermae and aqueducts. It is often very hard to understand what happened in urban centers during the Vandal period. It is commonly hed that the cities went living on the supposedly valuable legacy of the Late Empire, keeping up the bulk of municipal structures and Roman equipement. In fact, our claim in the present research runs against it, for what we put forth is that during the period under study one witnesses a "ruralization" of cities of little average importance, which lost the State's intervention necessary to their survival as cities
Choplin, Armelle. "Fabriquer des villes capitales entre monde arabe et Afrique noire : Nouakchott (Mauritanie) et Khartoum (Soudan), étude comparée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419957.
Full textTadonki, Georges R. "Cartographie numérique des données urbaines en Afrique tropicale : pour une méthode : le cas de Douala." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10015.
Full textIt is well know that national statistics in tropical arica are often very poor. This is a serious problem in a century of information. Several analysts believe that this situation has an important impact on the investment for development in devopping countries. The investors are reluctant to invest in countries with a low quality statistical information. In cameroun and particulary in the economic capital, douala, we realised that existing urban data are not well georeferrenced. Therefore it is practically impossible to make use of it for spatial analyses. The enumeration zones are not well defined. Modern geography and gis (geographical information systems) can help improving that situation. As the town is made of blocks, we propose a model for geocoding urban data at douala : site (topologically referrenced information system for encoding urban data). It allows the referrencing of any "urban object" using simply a code constituted of the identifier of the area, the object, and it's location. In site, the block is well defined, using the information from land use mapping. Exemple : dlai3240 (town of douala, i for block, x=32, y=40 units). The use of the coordinates of the centroid of the object prevents any duplication of code. Every object has a unique code
Raimbault, Franck. "Dar-es-Salaam : histoire d'une société urbaine coloniale en Afrique Orientale allemande (1891-1914)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010526.
Full textRhessal, Atika. "Organisation de l'espace et pratiques spatiales à Khouribga (Maroc)." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010582.
Full textVacchiani-Marcuzzo, Céline. "Mondialisation et système de villes : les entreprises étrangères et l'évolution des agglomérations sud-africaines." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011351.
Full textDans les délimitations bien précises des agglomérations fonctionnelles, que nous avons constituées pour dix dates sur toute la période 1901-2001, nous mettons en évidence une croissance urbaine distribuée (processus de Gibrat), analogue à celle observée pour d'autres systèmes de villes et qui fait suite au processus de colonisation du territoire par les villes, observé jusque vers la fin du XIXe siècle. Cette modalité d'urbanisation fait de l'Afrique du Sud un des pays africains les plus avancés dans la transition urbaine (avec quelques 307 agglomérations urbaines en 2001).
L'internationalisation économique des villes est ensuite analysée, sur le temps long, par le biais des IDE (échantillon de 2751 entreprises étrangères en 2003) afin de mettre en évidence les reconfigurations spatiales, les dynamiques de concentration, d'accentuation des disparités ou au contraire de rattrapage entre les villes.
Au stade actuel du processus, en dépit d'une insertion ancienne du pays dans les échanges internationaux, les stratégies de localisation des entreprises étrangères contribuent, comme partout ailleurs, au renforcement du niveau métropolitain (au profit de Johannesburg surtout) et ne produisent plus de spécialisation urbaine très marquée. Cependant, à l'échelon supérieur, de la hiérarchie urbaine les sélections des investisseurs analysées sur le long terme révèlent l'amorce d'une dynamique de diffusion et de rééquilibrage territorial, à l'avantage des grandes villes côtières et de leurs périphéries.
Lançon, Frederic. "Circuits commerciaux, marchés et politique d'approvisionnement des villes en Afrique de l'ouest : l'exemple des produits vivriers au Togo." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100061.
Full textSince the beginning of the eigties, the falling down of the food resources is one of the major economic problems in West Africa. For supply side economists, governments' interventions had largely contribute to increase this deficit; for them, the reduction of the supply-demand gap could only rely on the market economy. The Togo’s case shows effectivly that, since the beginning of the century, a private trading system was able to feed urban areas. But the efficicy of this structure is limited. It's not able to manage completly the uncertainty which is inherent in any imperfect market system. So, the improvment of the market efficiency depends on the ablity of the state to rule the market economy of staple foodstuff. But, the improvment of market efficiency of the trading system and incentives in terms of prices may be not sufficient to encourage the transformation of the structure of production, since this rural society is still and mainly a subsistence oriented economy
Sougué, Edmond. "Nouvelles territorialités urbaines transfrontalières en Afrique de l’Ouest : processus d’émergence et de construction." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20050/document.
Full textThe borders are becoming the subject of recent attentions in the world. In Europe the issue of openness and integration seemed completely solved with Schengen agreement. But, migrant crisis recalled the need of borders controls. In West Africa, integration is building. The problem of migration reminds how border, a geographic, political and institutional subject, can divide or connect spaces. This thesis studied the dynamics that transcend the borders and that participate in cross-border territorial creation. It has proven that towns and borders become more relevant in geography and spatial planning to understand cross-border territorial systems. The socio-cultural relationship, informal cooperation between local actors, the cross-border trade and the daily cross-border migration are the fundamentals of this transboundary system. Border towns are carriers of this dynamic by creating nodes of networks and by interconnecting spaces. They emit, receive and make transit cross-border flows. Local cross-border cooperation’s initiatives observed in West Africa are based on these elements. So, these cross-borders cooperations constitute a form of bottom up territorialisation. The thesis also shows that institutional policies (regional integration, decentralization, national border policies) have mixed responses on strengthening borders processes. However, security issues reinforce the situation in some border areas becoming fully refuge spaces
Taleb, Saliha. "L'espace urbain au Maghreb : Etude comparée des trois villes : Fès, Alger, Tunis." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30006.
Full textZaouali, Lilia. "Villes portuaires et présences européennes en Barbarie ottomane (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040011.
Full textBénit-Gbaffou, Claire. "La fragmentation urbaine à Johannesburg : recomposition des pouvoirs locaux, mobilités de travail et dynamiques résidentielles dans la ville post-apartheid." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5005.
Full textGiraut, Frédéric. "La petite ville, un milieu adapté aux paradoxes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : étude sur le semis, et comparaison du système spatial et social de sept localités : Badou et Anié (Togo) ; Jasikan et Kadjebi (Ghana) ; Torodi, Tamaské et Keïta (Niger)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111236.
Full textN'Bessa, Benoît. "Porto-Novo et Cotonou (Bénin) : origine et évolution d'un doublet urbain." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30064.
Full textOwing to the number and the diversity of their population, porto-novo and cotonou are two metropolis of south benin today hardly distant of twenty-two kilometers and forming a real urban doublet. Porto-novo compared to cotonou is an ancient town, set up by adja migrants who came from tado through allada. Cotonou on the other hand is a colonial town. Its fast development at the beginning of the xxth century is due to the construction of its wharf and that of roads and railways. Human factors have a major influence on the evolution of both towns: political decisions, increase in population etc. The urban doublet porto-novo cotonou plays a prominent role in the political and economic life of benin. Indeed, porto-novo remains the capital of the country, but today cotonou out distances it by the number of its population and the importance of its different economic activities and, its harbour and airport add a further touch to its primacy. With the progressive urbanization of the space between the two towns, the future seems to be in the sense of a conurbation undoubtedly with other problems
Parrot, Laurent. "Étude de l'impact de mesures macro-économiques sur une économie villageoise africaine : un modèle d'équilibre général calculable simplifié d'une petite ville." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010017.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is (I) to give an accurate framework of an African village-town economy and its global organization, and (II) to create two models, a social accounting matrix and a general equilibrium model. These two models are used in view to better understand the interactions between the actors of the economy. The general equilibrium model is relatively simple (the elasticities are equal to one or zero, and we use linear functions), but it gives an accurate idea of a complex economy, integrating local specificities. The linear model shows a town completely demand-driven and with no supply constraints. The general equilibrium model shows different results with the integration of more realistic constraints (decreasing return to scale, endogeneous crop prices, prices etc. . . ). It is possible to study price policies, credit policies, marketing policies, income policies, tax policies, and the effects of a deteriorating ecological environment on agriculture. The opportunity to be able to modelize a town or a village makes it possible to analyse the effects of such policies on the different households groups
Selod, Harris. "Structure des villes et ghettos urbains : le cas des Etats-Unis et de l'Afrique du Sud." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010031.
Full textOliveira, Julio Cesar Magalhães de. "Seditiosa multitudo : participation populaire et action collective dans les villes de l'Afrique romaine à l'époque impériale tardive (ca. 300-430)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100094.
Full textThis is a study about the forms and conditions of popular participation and collective action in the Roman towns of North Africa, from the beginning of the 4th century to the Vandal conquest. We analyse a number of episodes of popular intervention and collective action revealed by 4th- and 5th-centuries ecclesiastical sources, and particularly by the sermons and letters of Saint Augustine. These case studies are preceded by an analysis of the formative experiences of plebeian life: work, dwelling conditions, and networks of sociability. This wider context enables us a better understanding of the bases on which the members of the urban plebs could establish relations of group solidarity and cultivate a political culture that prescribes and legitimizes their forms of collective action
Berthé, Adama. "Un aspect du changement social en Afrique : l'attrait de la ville de Bamako pour des jeunes ruraux." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H046.
Full textAmmi, Houssameddine. "Villes et développement économique en Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL2004.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the study of the evolution of cities and the economic development in Algeria, by making a first study on the cities of the Maghreb countries, which present a similarity in their evolution and know an accelerated process of their urbanization due to the phenomenon of rural exodus. This work consists of three chapters.The first chapter proposes to study the development of urban hierarchies and determine the nature of urban growth for the three countries of this region of the world, which has undergone significant demographic, political, economic and social changes since the second half of the 20th century. This work is based on a database of urban populations in the Maghreb countries of more than 5000 inhabitants for all the censuses carried out since the 1960s. We will then analyze the results found with the help of econometric tools and models often used by researchers in the field of urbanization.Algeria, which is our case study in the second chapter, presents at independence in 1962, a dependent economy, disarticulated and oriented around the interest of the colonial minority and capitalization metropolitan, its poor and almost illiterate population lives on the northern strip of the country. Post independence industrial projects launched by successive governments have had no convincing results. Indeed, more than half a century later, Algeria is still highly dependent on hydrocarbon rent and its economy has not been diversified.The city of Algiers, object of our third chapter, was born in the 10th century and becomes the capital of the Regency between the 16th and 19th century. During the colonial period 1830-1962, the city developed, westernized, it becomes the colonial capital out of the hype and at independence, from the departure of the Europeans, a rush on the vacant property is observed; the exodus started during the war accelerates. The new state does not have an urban policy; it renews the colonial legislation and then opts in 1974 for a socialist and liberal type of legislation from 1990. The attempts to control the urbanization by institutions, studies, and divisions did not give the convincing results, the city evolved spontaneously
Sighomnou, Daniel. "Assainissement pluvial en zone urbaine en Afrique tropicale : cas de Yopougon (Côte-d'Ivoire)." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20132.
Full textBecher, Jürgen. "Dar es Salaam, Tanga und Tabora : Stadtentwicklung in Tansania unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft (1885-1914) : mit 13 Karten und 11 Abbildungen und zahlreichen Tabellen /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37057540p.
Full textBéranger, Chantal. "Le rôle du chemin de fer en Afrique : les cas du Mozambique et du Kenya." Thesis, Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0010/document.
Full textThis thesis is the relationship between the themes of transport and sustainable development through the concept of congruence. It specifically addresses the issue of the role of the railway in improving the lives of rural populations and particularly in two African states, Mozambique and Kenya
Bohbot, Reine. "L'accès à l'eau dans les bidonvilles des villes africaines : enjeux et défis de l'universalisation de l'accès (Cas d'Ouagadougou)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25730/25730.pdf.
Full textIn the twentieth century, diseases transmitted through dirty water are the second worldwide leading cause of death, among children. It kills five times more than the HIV. At long-range forecasts, this situation leads to a vicious circle, in which poor people tend to stay poor. Indeed, consequences of the nutritional status and of the lack of access to safe water have repercussions on the present generation and the next ones. Their vulnerability to infectious diseases is exacerbated by inadequate living conditions. It restricts those people’s abilities to take advantage of other social services, as education, and they cannot rise up the social ladder. This paper will focus on the challenges of the access to safe drinking water in the African cities. The urban area should be, by its density, a potential buying market sufficient for patronizing investments and extension of the water network. In fact, improvements in access and making-sensitive projects, do not gather good results, because of the increasing population and the expansion of shantytowns. Those realities, which are an area of vital concern for developing countries, are not taking into account, by the policies, yet. So, we will wonder if the models for safe access to drinking water imitate the occidental vision (access to water directly linked with the ownership of a real estate) or, if there is emergence of models based on social, politic and economic specificities of African cities. In short, this study is about the junction between supply and technical solutions, with demand and the needs of users. After analyzing a macroeconomic point of view, a study case of Ouagadougou will be produced.
Kalieu, Christian. "Surgissement, prolifération et intégration des motos-taxis dans les villes camerounaises : les exemples de Douala et Bafoussam." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0078/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, daily urban and rural displacements in Cameroonian towns have suffered from an increase of motorcycle taxis in traffic flow. Those taxis are now considered the major mode of urban transport. This current predominance of two-wheelers in the urban landscape generates an explosive growth of pollution, road traffic accidents and public spending. The most direct and profound impact of this mutation is the increase of motorcycle accidents. Motorcycles are consequently the cause of violent conflicts among road users on the public highway. Our research has two goals: the first one is improving people's awareness of what is at stake concerning the motorcycle system and his negative effect in urban mobility, and the second one is giving food for thought in order to improve relations between motorcycle taxis and the other road users. We also want to help find solutions to manage and integrate motorcycles and their commercial use in the city. To do so, we will focus on urban, instructive, sociological and political approaches and on appropriate urban planning
Moussavou, Ida Rachel. "Croissance urbaine - systèmes fonciers et gestion des espaces urbains : l'exemple de Libreville (Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30015.
Full textTHE RAPID URBAN GROWTH IN THE LAST THIRTY YEARS HAS BEEN THE MOST OUTSTANDING FUTURE OF LIBREVILLE'S TRANSFORMATION. IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MARKED POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND A SPECTACULAR SPATIAL EXPANSION MAINLY DUE TO MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS. HOWEVER, THE CONTINOUS, MASSIVE AND DISORDERLY POPULATION INFLOW INTO THE URBAN AREAS HAS CAUSED THE PROLIFERATION OF UNDER-INTEGRATED DISTRICTS, DENSELY BUILT AND INSALUBRIOUS. MOST MIGRANTS FIND THEMSELVES WANTING IN SERVICED PARCELS AND ARE THESE OBLIGED TO COLONIZE NON AEDIFICANDI, UNSERVICEABLE AREAS. AS A RESULT, THERE OCCURS A PHENOMENON OF DISPROPORTIONATE AND ANARCHICAL SPATIAL GROWTH, THAT IS ENCOURAGED BY LAND SPECTACULORS. MODEM PROPERTY LAW CONFLICTS WITH POPULAR PRATICES. HENCE CONFLICTUAL SITUATIONS BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND THE CITY PLANNING REVEALS URBANISTIC DEFICIENCIES : THE LACK OF AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF SOIL EXPLOITATION AND ATTRIBUTION THAT COULD MEET THE NEEDS IN SUITABLE LOTS. THE EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES HAS BEEN CONCENTRATED MAINLY IN SMART AREAS. THE LEVEL OF UTILITIES AND SERVICES HAS SETTLED AT HIGH STANDARDS with EXCLUDE THE MANY. CONSEQUENTLY, THERE EXISTS SERIOUS CITY PLANNING PROBLEMS AT A TIME WHEN PUBLIC RESSOURCES ARE DEPLETING. HOW MAKE MOST PEOPLES'S ACCESS TO PARCELS EASIER ALONG WITH BEING RESPECTFUL OF THE HARMONIOUS CITY AREA DEVELOPMENT ? THE AUTHOR PROPOSES TO STRENGTHEN THE URBANISM INSTITUTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS, THE CITY PROPERTY PLANNING AND REGULATION
Dauvergne, Sarah. "Les espaces urbains et péri-urbains à usage agricole dans les villes d' Afrique sub-saharienne (Yaoundé et Accra) : une approche de l'intermédiarité en géographie." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682525.
Full textIdring'i, Ade Nyori. "Problèmes d'approvisionnement des villes tropicales en vivres, eau, bois et charbon de bois : cas de Kisangani, Zaïre." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30023.
Full textA study of supply conditions to Kisangani town in Zaire and the inferences of its growth on agricultural, animal, water and energy (timber, fire wood, charcoal) resources either from the town's outskirts and neighbouring areas in relationship to its harbour or industrial and small scale production from within
Rocca, Elsa. "Ammaeadara (Haïdra) et son territoire : étude d’une ville de l’Afrique antique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040094.
Full textThe ancient city of Ammaedara (nowadays Haïdra) is situated in west central Tunisia, near the Algerian border. In this PhD, thanks to the archaeological and historical data, we propose to study the evolution of the colonia of Ammaedara, created from the camp of the Third Augustan Legion, from its foundation in the 1st century CE to the Arabic conquest at the end of the 7th century. The examination of the former documentation (plans, aerial photos) and the obtaining of new data (topographic plans, surveys on the site, land surveys) allow us to study the evolution of the occupation of the city and of its countryside. The analysis is based on a GIS (Geographic Information System), which permit the treatment and the analysis of spatialised data. The evolution of the urban topography (context of the city foundation, occupation and evolution of the urban space, hydraulic network, urban limits) and the relationship between the city and its countryside (limits of the territory, occupation of the suburbs, supply) constitute our main themes of study. We deliver a synthesis on the long term which offer a current state of knowledge of the site and replace the evolution of the city in the regional and historical context during the Roman, Vandal and Byzantine period
Mama, Awal Halimatou. "La métropole-village(s) de Ouagadougou : explorer les potentiels d'un territoire, supports de processus de projet architectural." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH005/document.
Full textThe African city spreads and incorporates the surrounding villages becoming metropolis. Whether the migration from rural to urban or from the city to the countryside, these phenomena became a concern for specialists. Traditional thinking of the world that opposed city-countryside, city-village, city-bush, is no longer valid. Territory's realities became different. What are the tools that allow us to read these new realities? How can we proceed to a change of "glasses" that Bernardo Secchi is proposing, in order to read and write the " contemporary city "?For our research, we consider Ouagadougou as a true observatory. The objective is to learning places of initiatives which build new lifestyles in unexpected dynamics. Today, the capital of Burkina Faso is characterized by a dual identity of the land. Public land organization imported from the colonial thinking called " lotie " (subdivided area) and an informal tenure arrangements after the village culture called “non-lotie” (non-subdivided area). To force to coexistence, hasn't the metropolis generated new phenomena, with different degrees and intensities of planification and spontaneity? The meeting of the two procedures does not define a dual report, but an interval. In this context, the "village" understood in its social and community dimension becomes an urban environment generating shared spaces. Communal structures are questioning what is possible and redefine what a metropolis is every day: they make flexible any form of planning. Thus, we hypothesize that the study of "City-village(s)” of Ouagadougou may lead to new knowledge to the creation of tools for understanding contemporary urbanized territories
El, Arabi Sofia. "Géographie de la dispersion des migrations subsahariennes au Maroc : le cas de deux villes-refuge, Tiznit et Taza." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL082.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the repercussions of the policy of externalization of the European Union's border security measures in Morocco in the post-migration crisis context of 2015. We analyze the Moroccan strategy of forced displacement of sub-Saharan migrants wishing to reach Europe from the north of the country to medium-sized cities located further south. By introducing the concept of "dispersal", this research aims to understand the process of "bordering" through the forced relocation of sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco. Based on an empirical study within the framework of action research and a participatory method, this research was conducted comparatively in the medium-sized cities of Tiznit and Taza. Our thesis questions and analyzes the logics of dispersal, the nature of the relationships established between migrants and locals, but also the effects of this new modality of "bordering" on individuals and places. Thus, our thesis documents the effects of dispersal as a policy of plural "vulnerability" that is cushioned by "refuge-cities" under the seal of hospitality ethics. Thus, the stakes of overcoming security in favor of a "civility of transit" that is woven between natives and dispersed migrants, in the absence of state reception policies, are at stake. Dispersal brings to light unexpected reactions from civil societies that feed the reconfiguration of the reception mission in these refuge-cities. However, these palliative actions remain particularly fragile due to the absence of real concerted public policies
Mouthou, Jean-Luc. "Eau et assainissement dans une ville du tiers-monde : Pointe-Noire (République du Congo)." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30070.
Full textThe town of pointe-noire was found on a site which has been considered in the past inadapted for the population's settlement owing to the existence of incressing waterway and swamps zone. After seventy two years of existence, pointe-noire has an important shortage water suppling and purifying in the space. Whether on surface or on urban subsoil, water's ressource abound, but the population's water pressure is not supply efficacious. Thus, theire is a difference between the population and the water supply, are more and more important. Nevertheless, drinking water's volume producing every day furnish over half of the urban's population, not only the grace of the house keeping branch, but also to the different way of the resale that which developped in the city. Meanwhile, same people don't have drinking water, depended by rain water, well water, spring and stream water which is often polluted. These differents alternatives which is the matiere of water are also in seasoning, that difficulties are multiplied concerning the waste product of evacuation in the town. Its the same problem with urban purifying because there are too many lacuna such as the bad evacuation and destruction of rain water's urban and human coaste. The different lack of water concerning that, in the feeding domain and the urban seasoning are responsables still to day. The bad situation of health that registrered in the different sanitaries services
Doumbia, El Hadji Thierno. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de la pollution atmosphérique en Afrique de l'Ouest et étude d'impact sur la santé." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1915/.
Full textThis thesis was a contribution to the CORUS-POLCA (French acronym for " POLlution des Capitales Africaines ") program with the aim to characterize particulate pollution on traffic sites of two West-African capitals (Bamako, Mali and Dakar, Senegal) and to study aerosol biological impacts on lung inflammation. Urban particulate pollution with levels much higher than WHO norms, are in the focus due to intense African traffic sources and domestic fires. In this context, fundamental research of this thesis is centred on the following key scientific questions: - What is the chemical speciation of aerosols by size classes for black carbon, organic carbon, inorganic species, and trace elements for the two sites of POLCA program ? - What is the toxicity of these combustion aerosols and the oxidative stress levels ? - What is the link between aerosol size differentiated composition and inflammation markers for each source ? - What is the link between aerosol exposure and aerosol dose within the respiratory tract ? To tackle these questions, samples obtained during the intensive campaigns in Bamako (January 2009) and Dakar (December 2009) have been chemically analyzed to obtain differentiated aerosol chemical composition within size classes. All these measurements are conducted to a well physico-chemical characterization of particles in addition to source contributing determination using multivariate models (PCA, PMF). This study has been coupled to in vitro biological studies on sampled aerosols on the two sites. Such coupled studies allow to further understand the complex relationship between emissions source/aerosols chemistry/size distributions and biological health impacts. Finally, in this study, the DEPCLUNG (DEPosition, Clearance, LUNG) model was developed to evaluate chemically/size exposures to aerosol particle size distributions and calculate their respective concentrations/doses in the different compartments (trachea, bronchial, bronchiolar, alveolar) of the human respiratory tract. The conjunction of three themes, namely characterization of the urban particulate pollution in West Africa and its sources, its toxicological impact and dose modeling in the respiratory tract results in the multidisciplinary innovative character of the thesis
Hamdi-Cherif, Hakimi Zohra. "L'urbanisme et l'architecture à Alger entre les deux guerres : aménagement, embellissement, extension et protection." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082060.
Full textSanka, Jean-Louis. "Frontières, politiques, dynamiques territoriales et environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas des Rivières du Sud : Gambie, Casamance (Sénégal), Guinée Bissau, Guinée Conakry." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30045.
Full textThe territorial and regionalization question become two central paradigms for the political powers and the specialists of the human and social sciences. In Africa, the link between these two realities refers inevitably to territories, identities, States, globalization and to the development of news phenomena (trans-nationalization). For the researchers, the study of these phenomena raises a whole series of conceptual and methodological preoccupations, while for the decision-makers; it refers to geopolitical and economic opportunities. In the territorial question, the arrangement worries are translated by town and country planning policies known under the name of "communitary", and those of responsibility and liberties are traduced by the policies of free movement of people and goods, the harmonization of the standards. In terms of regionalization processes, the question of the scales and models of intervention to be promoted is more than alarming after the failure of what is called integration from the bottom. The socioeconomic changes in contemporary Africa lead societies to do make new link between the local and global situations without crossing by the formerly necessary national stage. These are two spatial dimensions that are found perfectly in western Africa, both fragmented and advanced integration space. Africa is also a continent where the border areas play important economic and social role more than political one. Can the socio-economic activity consequently involve the policy? Border areas which are also rich shambles, grouping a multitude of actors, play this role. The border itself is in constant transformation. The changes which it undergoes are of different levels: social, economic, political and even geographical. Trade, movements, social and cultural links are the factual elements that cause the decomposition of the border. They are invariants that are empirically observed first. The synergy between networks and the territorialities is an advantage for trade and regionalization from below
Adon, Aka Jacques. "Evaluation de l'impact sur la santé de l'aérosol de combustion pour différentes sources urbaines en Afrique de l'Ouest en saison sèche et humide : caractérisation physico-chimique et toxicologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30049.
Full textThis thesis is in line with the scientific objectives of the DACCIWA-WP2 program. It is our responsibility to establish a link between emissions, air pollution and health impacts in terms of inflammation of the respiratory system for urban combustion sources, typical of West Africa: traffic, domestic fires and waste burning in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin) during the dry and wet seasons 2015-2017. Our results show that the particulate concentrations observed at all sites far exceed the recommendations of WHO. The site influenced by domestic fires is the most polluted site, dominated by a significant fraction of ultrafine (UF) and fine (F) particles. The comparison of traffic sites shows that the average concentrations for each size class are twice higher in Cotonou than in Abidjan. The physicochemical characterization of these particles (organic carbon, elemental carbon, soluble organic carbon, ions, dust, trace elements) underlines that organic carbon and dust are the two most important contributors for Fand UF particles with more organic carbon in Abidjan and dust in Cotonou respectively. Parallel biological studies were conducted to characterize the pro-inflammatory response induced by particles collected for each site quantifying the release of the IL-6cytokines by human bronchial epithelial cells. As a result, particles from the domestic fire site are the most pro-inflammatory particles whatever the season, while the fine and ultra-fine fractions of particles from the two traffic sites cause significant comparable effects for each season, with the Cotonou site distinguishing itself by the reactivity of its coarse fraction, linked to the presence of dust. The F and UF particles of the combustion sources therefore seem to have a significant impact. This is confirmed by the crossed analysis between physicochemical and toxicological data, which shows that the carbonaceous aerosol component of the aerosol (EC, OC, and WSOC) is best correlated with the IL-6 biomarker. This result allows us to draw up regional maps of the inflammatory impact linked to carbonaceous particles and their emission sources. These studies will eventually lead to the implementation of emission reduction solutions to improve air quality and health
Mainet-Valleix, Hélène. "Les Indiens dans la ville post-apartheid, l'exemple de Durban." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100158.
Full textGangneux-Kebe, Julie. "Fabriquer l'ordinaire de la ville : le rôle de l'habitant à Conakry (Guinée)." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2027/document.
Full textThe present research focuses on the urban fabric by its inhabitants in Conakry, Guinea. Long studied by various institutions and their development projects, the urban fabric only considers the inhabitant as a beneficiary of expert planning. From their participation in urban planning, citizen knowledge seems now well known in Northern countries. While in the South, ordinary city dwellers display a range of ways to create space: "their spaces". Through their initiatives and appropriations, inhabitants invent urban spaces outside of the planning projects. The analysis of the daily experiences in Conakry allows us to reconsider a binary interpretation (formal / informal) of the urban fabric in West Africa.This work focuses on the production of space in Conakry by of "citizens-city-dwellers", describing the forms and relation of daily life in the popular neighborhoods of Hafia. The inhabitants create their new appropriations of space to claim the “right to urban life”(Lefebvre, 1968). Faced with increasing tensions (demographic, environmental, socio-economic, land ) that tend to fragment the West African city a little more each day, from this research project, it appears that the ordinary fabric of the city seems to reduce these forms of inequalities and fragmentations. When the participation of the inhabitants in the co-construction of spaces is researched in the North and in the South, the perspective of the inhabitants of a city in the South can teach us about the ways and forms of inhabiting the ordinary; about the process to appropriate and share collectively the fabric of the city
Ben, Salem-Hamani Sana. "L'eau dans la ville en Afrique romaine à travers le cas d'Uthina." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30060.
Full textNorth Africa offers immense possibilities for archaeological research. Until now, those who were dedicated to the Roman hydraulic installations in Tunisia were concerned only aqueducts, Water Temples, same thermal baths and cisterns. These works focussed primarily on the historic and architectural study of buildings without evoking the problem of management of the water in the city. Therefore, we decided that our approach to this question particularly on the city of Uthina. The comparative study can help us to understand the hydraulic network of the city of Uthina, and to restore it. Our study includes 17 North African Roman cities. We have chosen the best known and most published cities, dating from the second and third centuries AD, and the cities that have a discernable hydraulic distribution system with a reconstructable urban network. After we reproduced the plan of the hydraulic works and were able to describe their function, we restored the networks which connected the various hydraulic buildings of the city. Besides the survey work and study on site, we made a model of the cisterns, the arrival of the aqueduct and the “castellum divisorum”. The site modelling of Uthina allows us to replace buildings in their relative position, and to restore the whole hydraulic network. The 3D modelling can reproduce the necessary simulations to enable an understanding of the function of the network and inform hypotheses about their restoration
Saïd, Chiré Amina. "Le nomade et la ville en Afrique : stratégies d'insertion urbaine et production d'espace dans la ville de Djibouti." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30014.
Full textDewel, Serge. "ADDIS ABÄBA (Éthiopie) 1886-1966. Construction d'une nouvelle capitale pour une ancienne nation souveraine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF021/document.
Full textWhile fiercely struggling for its independence during the second half of the 19th century, Ethiopia extended considerably its territory. A region of meadows and mountains, at the southern march, became the centre of the country in its new borders. There, in 1886, what was first founded as a garrison camp for its strategic position became Addis Abäba, soon the new capital at the crossroads of the world.This thesis aims to highlight the part played by the national sovereignty and its recognition in the particular process of the Ethiopian capital foundation and its perpetuation, as well as its development during the 20th century. The main growing phases of Addis Abäba might only be understood in terms of its international context whilst Ethiopian sovereignty and independence were jeopardized. During those particular times, the rulers used Addis Abäba as a stage for its performance, expanding the city and provided it with architectural and monumental heritage. For this, they drew in the country’s long-time history, in the strong commitment to the Ethiopian Christianity – the "Täwahǝdo" – and into the "Kǝbrä Nägäst" the national myth. The successive systems and reigns until the 21st century have adopted the same urban and building response
Mambo, Paterne Yapi. "Droit et ville en Afrique : étude de la décentralisation ivoirienne en matière d'urbanisme /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb42015606w.
Full textEn appendice, textes législatifs ivoiriens. Bibliogr. p. 509-532. Webliogr. p. 533-537. Index.