Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Villes – Effets des innovations technologiques – France'
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Sélise, Mario. "La dynamique comparée de quatre villes principales des Petites Antilles : les exemples de Fort-de-France (Martinique), Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe), Castries (Sainte-Lucie) et Roseau (Dominique)." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0383.
Full textInternationally available studies about small tropical islands' urban areas dynamics reveal to be partial and insufficiently actualized. This thesis dedicated to a comparative analysis of four cities of the Lesser Antilles brings an updated vision of this field. Through a systemic approach widely taking into consideration the subjectivity of city-dwellers we reveal new urban dynamics emerging from the 1980'5. Roseau and Castries that can be categorized as large market towns have a Iimited growth whereas Fort-de-France and Pointe-à-Pitre ar constantly expanding into polycentric cities characterized by complex dynamics. Ln addition wewill show that, beyond the unequal impact of physical and economic constraints, cultural or ideological factors have a growing influence on the typology of town development and determine behaviors of resilience as response to imbalance generated by thi process
Pédelahore, de Loddis Christian. "L'angle de la ville : Hanoi, 1873-2006 : interactions architecturale et fabrique urbaine, formes et acteurs." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082893.
Full textThis thesis is the comprehensive result of thirty years of field investigations focused on observation, transcription and analysis of the colonial and contemporary urban transition in Vietnam and, more specifically, on the architectural and urban background of the city of Hanoi. We have concentrated these investigations on a area so far scarcely explored, introducing a new field of Vietnamese Studies, i. E. The analysis of “spatial cultures”, and of the “ways” local “actors”, in urban development, operate and think. In so doing, this research put the vietnamese architectural and urban phenomena into historical and cultural perspectives. In the present context of fast urban evolution we highlight the “dynamics of change” at work, and, at the same time, the existing dialectics between cultural continuity and social and economic transformations. We have chosen the method of a phenomenological approach to reality, showing an understanding of processes, actions, and thoughts of two categories of actors studied from the inside. On one hand we have “architects” and urban planners in a knowledgeable and erudite relationship to the city. On the other hand, there are inhabitants, who build and invest, and are representative of customary know-how as like intuitive, pragmatic and “practical” ways of constructing their own urban space. Analysis and synthesis show these two categories to be united in the figure of the “Passeur ”, a mediator, who links tradition and modernity, modes of local practice and exogenous knowledge. We thus have an operating link, which allows the understanding of the deployment of endogenous practices of incorporation and adaptation. This model equally permits to identify the historical and contemporary transmutations of Vietnam’s urban space. In particular, we demonstrate that, despite not subscribing to the same scales and temporal rhythms, and thus not having a common denominator, politic, social and economic transformations should be interpreted as being reflected in “Spatial” (i. E. Architectural and urban) transitions, both in their material and symbolic forms. The latter constitute an intermediate stage and an opening leading to a more precise understanding of cultural transitions that largely take place on an underground and unconscious level. In the long run, both of them are historically constitutive of local urban, architectural and social “identities”, which remain consistently deep-rooted and interconnected in the physical and cultural existence of Hanoi, a genuine vietnamese city of the present time
Favaro, Jean-Marc. "Croissance urbaine et cycles d'innovation dans les systèmes de villes : une modélisation par les interactions spatiales." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010685.
Full textTallec, Josselin. "La construction socio-spatiale de l’innovation en ville moyenne face aux objectifs de compétitivité et d’attractivité des politiques d’aménagement : les cas des agglomérations d’Albi (Midi-Pyrénées), Alès (Languedoc-Roussillon), Fougères et Quimper (Bretagne)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20063/document.
Full textSeveral common ideas turn around the concept of « Medium-Sized Cities ». Too small to influence their economic environment, their industrial patterns wouldn’t be able to reach the standards of post-fordism based on a constant innovation process. As a consequence, concentrating public R&D investments in Metropolitan Areas would ensure and comfort economic growth. Studying the social and spatial levels linked to technopolitan projects hold in the cities of Albi (Tarn), Alès (Gard), Fougères (Ille-et-Vilaine) and Quimper (Finistère), we come to the conclusion Medium-Sized Cities are, on a long term perspective, adapting themselves to the contemporary economic regime based on a constant innovation process through growth coalition process linked between local authorities and scientific institutions
Ressico, Alessandra. "Innovation dans un contexte de villes en transformation : Grenoble et Turin." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987513.
Full textOttaviano, Nancy. "Architectes-urbanistes 2.0 : enquête ethnographique sur une pratique de concepteurs de la ville à venir : des promesses du numérique à une innovation en situation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100019.
Full textAs contemporary architects and urbanists embrasse a large variety of practices, how does the rise of digital technologies in the civilian society affects their field ? Based on an ethnographic inquiry, this research questions the role of technics and technologies within the conception process of the city of tomorrow. Office of architecture and urbanism, digital start-up, independent research laboratory and a non-profit organisation frame the actions of a small team of designers. Following their paths, an analytical description reveals the impact of the linear innovation process scheme. Starting with theoretical works the interlocutors move to a collaborative R&D intended to be operational through visualizations tests and prototype and then to the realization of an innovative product : a digital application based on the principles of « open innovation » and designed to be used in the city making process. The analysis shows how the designers make sense of what they do on a daily basis and across the years, how they recurrently question their practice to legitimate their work. Going from the idea of producing a universal index score of the urban quality of life later, they actively promote what they call « collaborative urbanism » which is to be fulfilled using the tool they designed. The text shows how designers poach on various fields of knowledge and use « intellectual technologies » to manipulate numbers, datas, informations, models and pictures. The status and roles given to theses non-human things variate to follow the developments of their practice as a whole. From being scientific and objective to the use of metaphors, the interlocutors go from a virtual view of the city to a re-localized point of view. Keeping their favorite domain of scrutiny, they operate a conceptual U-turn: from datas to project on the model of a city to a city made of datas awaiting to be unveiled, thus going from prediction to innovation. Observed in context, the role of technology, its way of dealing with time and space, meet the various actors of city making processes, unveiling the fragile assemblage to be made between a simulated and stimulated future to a shared and concrete one
Murugo, Georges-Jacques. "La valeur de signe en urbanisme ou la dimension humaine dans la ville." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040200.
Full textHow did the developers responsible for creating the Paris-La Défense district succeed in creating a world-class business centre yet fail so strikingly in their efforts to create a convivial residential area in which inhabitants enjoy satisfactory quality-of-life? How can town planners achieve a positive “representation” for a site? What are the “urban symbols” to which city-dwellers aspire? To answer these questions, the urban environment is analysed from the dual standpoint of value in use and symbolic value, i. E. What people perceive as having a material or immaterial value. Thus, the symbol represents the human dimension in urban design. The first symbols were created by the city authorities in the 1960s, when initiatives where taken to clear the slums around Nanterre and to rehouse residents in so-called “temporary public housing developments”. Agencies were set up to manage these housing developments. Maslow's grid can be used to categorise the reaction of the North African immigrant community to these symbols. The study provides a working conception of both cities: the physical city and the imaginary city, which represents the human perception of the urban environment. The town planner must quantify the needs of the imaginary city in order to define technical specifications for the physical city. The developers responsible for La Défense correctly assessed the needs of large corporations, thereby ensuring the district's successful development as a business centre. However, they were not as successful in determining the needs of the population, and this led to their failure in subsequent social housing developments
Jambard, Pierre. "La Société Auxiliaire d’Entreprises et la naissance de la grande entreprise française de bâtiment (1924-1974)." Paris 4, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/3344.
Full textThe Company S. A. E was incorporated in 1924 by an important energy group to build power dams. This medium size company become independent and searching for new outlets it turned over to residential construction activities in the 1950’s. Under the leadership of two renowned contractors, Gino Valatelli and his successor Maurice Mathieu, it managed within a few years to pull itself to first rank of the French building trade companies. Big housing estates specialist, the Company S. A. E became one of the main actors of modernization of the “Thirty Glorious Years” France, with regards to urbanization, progress, modern conveniences and to evolution of one of the main branches of economy, the building industry. It gave the first example of large company in the modern meaning of the word, in the French housing history. This work is a story of a company and tries to enlighten the original features of its growth compared with a professional branch still hardly studied and, beyond this, with the great transformations linked to industrialization and urbanization of French society. It wishes to show a view which has been overlooked for ages, the constructors’ view of the wide work of nowadays town history and especially of social housing. This study allows to understand how the main building trade companies had to innovate, in order to meet an exceptional social demand. On this account, the study of the set up business system also contributes to work history
Zaza, Ornella. "Horizons urbains en expérimentation : discours et pratiques d’une collectivité territoriale face au numérique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100003.
Full textAre digital technologies reshaping the way local governments plan the city? By recomposing an archaeology of the so-called “digital revolution” through its actors, utopias and ideologies, a consensus seems to emerge today around the project of “smart city”: by the concept of “co-construction”, citizen participation and public-private cooperation overlap. The conjunction of the use of new technologies (constantly evolving and mostly designed by private actors) and the consideration of citizens (coming from the public ideology on which French public action has been built in history) brings out the “paradigm of experimentation”, to which the public actor is increasingly appealing. This paradigm unfolds through a series of devices that are analysed by three topos in anthropology: the experimentation of new digital solutions, which ritualizes the interactions between actors around the design of digital “sur-objects”; the experimentation of public policies, which generates a permanent rehabilitation of public action", between "archaism" and “modernity”, because of the emergence of “online agora”; urban experimentation, which attempts to organize the material and immaterial narratives of urban transformation by setting up digital “demonstrators”. Based on an ethnography within Paris City Hall, the thesis shows that through experimentation public actors seeks to “publicize” logics and tools coming from the private domain, landing however to the same operational objective: to produce urban horizons, whose discourses and practices continually cross the border between public and private domains
Creti-Bettoni, Anna. "Réseaux, innovations et croissance." Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis analyses the impact of telecommunications on firms' productivity and organisation. The study is articulated around two research topics: one is mainly interested in micro-economic aspects (the theory of production and firms' organisation), while the second analyses a subject closer to macro-economic modelling (the technological progress). The thesis is composed by three principal papers: the first defines the starting point of my theoretical reflection, i. E. The modelling of the externalities of networks in the function of production; the second article analyses the relation between use of technologies of communication and firms' hierarchical organisation; finally, the third article studies the impact of telecommunications on total factor productivity and technical progress. These three papers are introduced by a review of the literature, describing the existing models on the principal topics we analyse. This review of the literature is organised in two parts. The first part focuses mainly on the competition models on firms offering goods likely to present the network externality effect; i. E. The additional value that a new subscriber brings to the community of the already existing subscribers. The second part analyses the literature on technological progress, and the most recent models on telecommunications infrastructure and growth. Two econometric works, one on telecommunications demand by firms, and the other on telecommunications and French national growth, are also presented as an illustration of the problems analysed, respectively, by the first and the second part of the thesis. Our thesis shows that the impact of telecommunications on the economy can be better analysed and measured at the micro-economic level than at the macro-economic level. The analysis of this missing link; is an interesting subject for further research
Auneau, Yves. "Construire un système d’innovation régionalisée : propositions à partir d’exemples bretons." Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383220/fr/.
Full textThe territory of innovation is built from the functional and institutional organizations, partially articulated to the Regional System of Innovation. Our initiative bases on the concept of médiances, i. E social relationships which an individual develops with his environment, applied to the activities of innovation. The innovative company organizes its internal social relationships, its relations for the production and its specific activities of innovation from strategic choices which let a freedom to the inspirations of the entrepreneur. The Regional Council and the EPCI act by proposing a public tools of accompaniment and orientation of the innovation. A conception "opened" for the innovative resource ( a high value-added information) in a "opened" IRSand according to a numerous and varied governances constitute a development process of the médiances of innovation. Their density and variety increase the opportunity of membership the entrepreneurs in the construction of a producing territory of innovation with externalités of innovation. This methodology privileges an investment on the bottom to open the public politics built on models of territories too often marked by standards which eventually(later) trivialize the innovative territory. The value recognized in the innovation by a local society, and the will of people to create the consensus define the contents of the médiances of innovation. That is why the priority in developping the social innovations has to precede the construction of the most successful territories for innovation and their integration at an intermediate scale
Le, Loarne-Lemaire Séverine. "Les variables structurelles dans la formation des stratégies de convergence dans les télécommunication : une recherche action chez France Telecom." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO33032.
Full textAt the beginning of this millennium, the technical convergence is about to born. Nevertheless, how this opportunity can be transformed into innovative services by a multidivisional group, competing within the telecommunication industry. More precisely, how can we develop strategies of innovation, whose implementation requires the cooperation between the divisions of the group? This research, conducted within France Telecom, leads to two main results: Cooperation between divisions to generate new offers is multiform: It involves different kinds of divisions (product divisions, R&D division and distribution divisions), different resources. It raises different assets and is limited by different brakes. The multidivisional structure of the group limits the implementation of some strategies of innovation. This limit can be broken thanks to the coordination between the top management, middle managers from the R&D division and the distribution divisions and staff members from the distribution divisions. The role of these three different actors differs from the nature of the strategy of innovation: autonomous or deliberate. This thesis concludes that the development of strategies of innovation within multidivisional groups, whose structure is similar to France Telecom's one, can be achieved if the relation between R&D and distribution divisions and products divisions changes
Autant-Bernard, Corinne. "Géographie de l'innovation et externalités locales de connaissance : une étude sur données françaises." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT059.
Full textDebbi, Ali. "Les enjeux de l'émergence des innovations managériales dans les villes : le cas de l'adoption des indicateurs de performance." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU2005.
Full textThe public performance evaluation raises various conceptual and methodological questions. Indeed, we observe advances in the evaluation processes of public policies, whereas in practice, the emergence of performance indicators and measurement systems reveals implementation difficulties. Our work describes "the difficult emergence", and highlights the constraints of the adoption of these indicators in cities. From a systemic point of view, and being based on a survey carried out into the practices of French cities, our results show the hierarchy of difficulties which prevent the development of performance indicators. The constraints related to personal and cultural factors are strongly present. We thus show, from the institutional point of view, that a weak support and incentive of the partners and citizens incite condition cities not to develop the IP. Lastly, we show the negative effect of the specificities of local public action's complexity on the emergence of these managerial innovations
Saint, Laurent-Kogan Anne-France de. "Informatique en réseau et dynamique des usages : le cas Ouest-France." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20027.
Full textWe illustrate in this thesis the complexity of the relationship between technique and social environnement. Our research problematic place on the transdisciplinary of the information and communication sciences (ICS). Our theoritical framework is based on the works of the sociology of uses inside the ICS, of the sociology of innovation and of the labor sociology. We adopted a monographic method centered on one firm of the press : Ouest-France. We analyse the uses of net-connected computers by two different local editorial staff to understand the relationship between technique and social. In a first time, we restored these uses in their contexte. Indeed, the uses place on the ordinary work practices, but, to them understand we have to describe the last technological mutation. At this period, a specific relationship between technique and social is found, but, to it understand, we have to describe the historical contexte. Then, the analysis of uses is based on an ethnographic observation. Computers have transformed some trades and the net confuses the frontieres between professions. But, the analysis of uses show that the social building of professionnal interests, and the professionnal culture resist to the technical prescriptions. The technique can not, alone, transformes the professionnel organisation in an industrial sector. Nevertheless, the protentialities of transformation that come from the growing diffusion of computers, render this equilibrium very fragile
Guillot, de Suduiraut Xavier. "Technique, habitat et mondialisation : le cas des condominiums à Singapour." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082028.
Full textMusolesi, Antonio. "Innovation, R & D et productivité : Analyse théorique et empirique sur données de panel macroéconomiques dans le cas de seize pays de l'OCDE et sur données d'entreprises dans le cas des activités de service en France." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0046.
Full textThat innovation and diffusion of technology drives long run productivity growth is by now commonly accepted. The crucial question is how. At the macroeconomic level, following an influential literature, we try to determine if trade promotes knowledge flows and technology transmission between trading partners. We obtain mixed results. At the microeconomic level, we analyse how knowledge diffusion, innovation and productivity are related both in a static, both in a dynamic framework.
Chemo, Dzukou Kevin Randy. "Innovation produit et performance des entreprises dans l'industrie laitière française." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3007.
Full textThe process of firm growth – in terms of productivity or export performance – is a major concern for policy makers. In this context, innovations play a crucial role in stimulating firm performance. This thesis empirically studies the impact of "product" innovation (as distinct from "process" innovation) on the performance of firms. The literature review presented in Chapter 2 describes the mechanisms that govern the relationship between innovation and productivity and the relationship between innovation and firms’ export behaviour. Chapter 3 presents a description of the notion of innovation and its measurement in the economic literature. We present Global New Product Database (GNPD), the database we use to construct an innovation database. Chapter 4 estimates the effect of the innovation produced on the export behaviour of French dairy firms. We show that the introduction of a new product has a positive impact not only on the prices offered by the company but also on their demand. Chapter 5 examines the role of product innovation in the learning by exporting process. We show that exports strengthen the innovative capacity of firm, which in turn increases the productivity of firms. Chapter 6 deals with the persistence of product innovation in the French dairy industry. We show that the firms that are most likely to innovate are those that innovated the previous year. Thus, this thesis show, thanks to a new measure of product innovation, that it allows companies to export, increase their productivity and remain innovative
Kim, Cheol-Joo. "Le développement des villes nouvelles en République de Corée : les exemples de Kwachun, d'Ansan et de Changwon." Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN21010.
Full textTerrin, Jean-Jacques. "[Elargissement du cadre de la conception architecturale et urbaine et rôle des leviers méthodologiques et instrumentaux]." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA084167.
Full textThe presented research work shows a methodological and instrumental evolution of urban and architectural design. This work can be classified in three domains: Architectural design facing industrial production. The research concerns industrialisation of the built environment, the development of new building technologies, products and components, as well as strategies of stakeholders reinforcing relations between producers and designers. Processes of collaborative design and methods of project management. The research points out the consequences of project management applied to design processes. She studies the conditions of transfer and of implementation of concurrent engineering, quality control, co-design, and collaborative work methods applied to architecture and urban design. The role of new technologies in the management of complex projects. The research analyses the role of information and communication, simulation and mix reality technologies on the evolution of briefing, design and implementation of complex projects. The synthesis of the presented work shows that the observed methodological and instrumental evolutions are essential to new strategies focused on end users demands and Life Cycle Management, as an answer to sustainable requirements
Le, Goff Richard. "Mutation informationnelle et politique territoriale : éléments de théorie des marchés et des organisations appliqués au département de la Manche (Normandie-France)." Paris 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974032.
Full textVillani, Tiziana. "Corps, territoires et technologies : essai sur le temps des transformations." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002234970204611&vid=upec.
Full textBody and territory share a common and singular condition; that of becoming suspended between persistance of the past and solicitations from a present-future radically overrun by new technologies. In the present day and age the level of complexity and variation reached by the processes of transformation, engaged above all by new technologies, call for a change in paradigm. Altogether analogously to the government of bodies, the government of territory must also be explored like an environment, a plural and complex tissue crossed by relations that are infinite and changing. This is why the aim of the present project is to deal with only some of the crisis zones. The first chapter essentially refers to the metamorphosis of the urban in relation to the cybernetic revolution and to the new hierarchies engendered by the ongoing contradictory process of dematerialisation. The second chapter is mainly devoted to analysing the mythologeme of technique and the way it tends to modify the styles and practices of everyday life. The third chapter circumscribes analysis to what has been currently defined as new metropolitan fears which set the plan for existence and life in terms of the space of risk. Such risk determines a whole series of considerations connected with it: security systems, systems of assurance, organisation of new control devices. The last chapter brings these various issues together interpreting them in the light of the opposition between geophilosophy and geopolitics, between “other spaces” and the spaces of total control and homologation. To understand territory in its bodily expression enables one to identify central nodes that cannot abstract from the processes of subjectivazation forming the geography of territory and not just a catalogue
Guimeneuf, Emmanuelle. "Innovation technologique et réglementation environnementale : le cas de l'industrie automobile." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090036.
Full textIn the greening of business perceptive, we have investigated the way a competitive advantage would stem from the technological innovation-environmental regulation relationship. First, environmental regulation is considered as a spur to technological innovation. Regulation may, thus, induce a change in the technological trajectory of the firm, leading to a bunch of innovations. Actually, the European vehicle emission standards did compel the adoption of the electronic injection device and the catalytic converter. This theoretical stance does not provide a relevant analytical framework to describe the lobbying behavior of carmakers, though. Consequently, environmental regulation should be perceived as a selection criterion of technological innovation. In this perspective, the evolutionist model is enriched by the dynamic capacity’s analysis, which provides a convenient microeconomic foundation through a strategic behavior. The existence of integrative and traductive dynamic capacities of environmental regulation is, then, stated. These competencies allow the firm to cope with regulation variations and provide the basis of a competitive advantage
Brossaud, Claire. "Identification d'un "champ" autour d'une ville : le Vaudreuil ville nouvelle (Val de Reuil) et son "imaginaire bâtisseur"." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081885.
Full textChen, Tzung-wen. "Industrial innovation and innovation community : studies on the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and the vaccine industry in France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0004.
Full textThe concept of "innovation system" has acquired a dominating position in the field of innovation research since the 1990s. However, this perspective can not explain why in the same context some industrial innovations can succeed and others do not. Mainly based on formal organizations, the concept of innovation system does not take into account the notion of power and ignores the effect of conflict that plays an important role in industrial innovation. The cases of the semiconductor foundry and the IC design sectors in Taiwan presented in the first part of the thesis, as well as the cases of vaccines such as BCG, Mutagrip, Hevac B, Prevenar and Gardasil in the French vaccine industry which constitute the second part of the thesis, demonstrate the significance of sociological factors in the history of each industrial innovation. The industrial innovation is a collective action that goes beyond the organizational boundaries and goes against the actual order. But it is not without discipline. Between the formal structure and the freedom of innovators, there is a form of collective action which meets the interests of actors for the achievement of an industrial innovation. These actions, according to the thesis, were constituent of an innovation community. It is a local order established by key players of each innovation, taking advantage of their powers in the system of formal organizations, pursuing opportunities to mobilize the necessary resources for innovation activities. The thesis therefore propose a bottom-up model of industrial innovation, based on the action rather than the actor, which can help overcome the problems faced by the innovation system in explaining industrial innovation
Brulois, Vincent. "Usages des systèmes mobiles en entreprise : enjeux communicationnels et organisationnels." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131021.
Full textBehaghel, Luc. "Le rôle de la demande de travail dans le faible emploi des travailleurs âgés en France : politiques publiques et pratiques des entreprises." Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01263886.
Full textVeissière, Delphine. "Les stratégies de partenariat technologique entre les petites et les grandes entreprises : le cas de la biotechnologie appliquée à la santé et à l'habillement en France et en Italie." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090035.
Full textSevilla, Ariel. "Travailler dans l'automobile : le rôle de la formation continue en France, en Argentine et au Brésil (1980-2004)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS022S.
Full textFrom the case of the automotive industry, more precisely three assembly plants in France, Argentine and Brazil, this research enlightens the modalities of the implementation of training policies and practices and its effects. The stakes of the training of workers emphasize its economic function. They aim at the development of staff skills and performances and its adaptation to technological and organizational transformations. However, training in the company is marked by the workers’ history, the latter having to face a reorganization of work, the time when these transformations occur and the concrete situation of the company. Therefore, training cannot be thought without taking all these contextual elements into account. In an automotive company which is established in several countries, this context is transnational as well as national. This raises the following thesis: Training does not play a role which is a priori defined by the objective it is supposed to respond to, it fulfils other functions. Companies implement training without always being able to determine the economic advantages they get from it. The same goes for technological changes. Working situations which underlie these changes are also training situations and thus are not linked to established trainings. The functions of training vary with the contexts: the national laws which rule a professional training system for employed adults are the base which assures them of benefiting from internships in order to improve their situation
Levy, Rachel. "La Place de la recherche universitaire dans les systèmes d'innovation : une approche territorialisée." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/LEVY_Rachel_2005.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis is a study of the place of public research in the (regional and national) innovation systems. Indeed we integrate economics studies about the increasing number of collaborations between universities and firms, the role of geographic localisation of economics activities and the fact that knowledge is produced in localised innovation systems. With empirical contributions in the frame of the French innovation system, but also in the case of Alsace region, we will look for the relevant level of analysis (regional or national) in which the place of university must be study. We also, study the role of proximity (in a polysemic conception and not only geographic) during interaction between universities and firms. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of one of the central mission of university: research. The second is concentred on the role of proximity within innovation systems. In the third chapter we test empirically, the relevance of the concept of regional innovation system by using a particular indicator of the existence of collaborations between universities and firms: the realisation of PhD thesis in firms through the CIFRE system. The fourth chapter is focused on the case of University Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg. We study more particularly the collaboration of this university with private sector. Finally in the last chapter, we analyse the results of a questionnaire send to the global set of actors that have make a CIFRE PhD in Alsace
Lakssissar, Ahmed. "Les effets de la proximité sur les relations technologiques : une identification empirique à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel, le cas des entreprises françaises." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32047.
Full textTrommenschlager, Marion. "Évolution du commerce et des formes urbaines à travers la transformation numérique." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20008/document.
Full textDue to the social acceleration of "late modernity", new political and economic issues are taking more space in territorial compositions. Confronting them with a strong recomposition of temporalities that affect the lived world. The digital transformation is not the cause but is part of this dynamic "ephemeral present"? And is likely to strengthen it in concrete terms at various levels of scale. The aim of this work is to understand is to understand how the relations between commercial forms and spatial forms are recomposed, redrawn by the numerical mutation. By studying, within the framework of a CIFRE, the respective evolutions of the shops and the territory of Rennes’s city center. The current research program will help you understad the link between city practices, commercial practices, places and spaces, but also temporalities.This research program takes part of the "Between Form and Standards" program of the PREFIcs team. It is based on an extended conception of the logics of information and communication which consider that information, to make sens, symbolically, must also be a process of formatting, considering the articulation of organizational forms. This research paper therefore questions the reconfiguration in space and time, those of public spheres and material assignments as a framework for commercial logics and consumption imaginaries
Azlal, Ayoub. "Déploiement d‟une stratégie Smart City à l‟échelle de la ville : application à la ville de Saint-Quentin." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I056.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on the deployment of the Smart City concept at the city level, with an application in the city of Saint-Quentin. The work, presented in this manuscript, contributes to enrich the Research in the field of the smart city with the objective of bridging the knowledge gap between theory and practice.Thus, the main objective is to develop a methodology for the development of a "Smart City" roadmap as the first phase of the implementation of a Smart City project.This thesis report is divided into five main parts.The first part presents a synthesis of the state of the art of research and practice on the Smart City in the world.The second part presents the methodology developed to conduct a smart city approach. It constitutes a solid scientific basis for carrying out and designing a global “Smart City” strategy.The third part is about the application of the methodology developed to the city of Saint-Quentin. After a deep analysis of the territory, we carried out a diagnosis with a view to deploying the Smart City concept. This task included identifying the challenges facing the city and areas for improvement. A series of pilot projects have been proposed.The fourth part consists on describing the real estate assets of the city of Saint-Quentin, as well as analyzing their energy consumption and CO2 emissions.At last but not least, the fifth part aims to reflect the work carried out for the intelligent transformation of municipal buildings in the city of Saint-Quentin. Two main test sites are presented : a hall for concerts and shows and a nursery and primary school group. This chapter also presents the methodology for deploying sensors to measure and monitor comfort and safety parameters in real time as well as the use of these data
Goujon, Daniel. "Mutations technologiques, économie distributive et revenu minimum : des fondements théoriques à la politique économique du revenu minimum d'insertion." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE003.
Full textThe reappearance of poverty in rich countries at the end of the twentieth century proves that the need of thinking about what is or what should be a fair society does not spontaneously come to a stand still with the development of productive capacities and the growth of available wealth. On the contrary, thanks to the increasing automation of the way of producing, the technological transformation has allowed our society to enter an era of abundance and renews the persistent theme of justice which should be apprehended through the crisis of the values for integration and the development of social dualisme. The system wich had to deal with the scarcity of goods has now to deal with the scarcity of employment ; what kind of method do we have to favour in order to hope getting over the actual exclusion and poverty in an affluent system ? Is it enough to alter social policies implemented within the context of the welfare state or is it necessary to reform the salarial system of the income's distribution. By retaining the basic income as the central theme of the analysis, this thesis intends to answer this type of question. In the light of the historical debate about the setting up of such an income in england at the time of the industrial revolution and the numerous theories on the basic income in the present context of deep social crisis, we shall study the innovative nature and the effeciency of the "rmi's" policy - "revenu minimum d'insertion" : french version of the income support
Ben, Hamouda Iman. "Améliorer le partage des connaissances dans le secteur de la santé en France pour une meilleure qualité des soins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE016.
Full textRecently, the healthcare sector has shown a growing interest in information technologies. In particular, the Electronic Health Record (EHR) is increasingly being deployed within healthcare organizations. The ability to share EHR’s underlying knowledge both internally and externally within healthcare organizations has been accepted as a method to improve the quality and delivery of care; however it has also raised important questions related to legal and privacy issues.This research aims to explore the critical factors that impact knowledge sharing in the French healthcare sector. Our main research focus is to answer the question of how to improve Knowledge sharing in the healthcare field?A qualitative exploratory study was handled to investigate EHR’s underlying Knowledge sharing in French hospitals.Three major issues were identified, namely the need for: a common healthcare terminology, the interoperability among healthcare information systems and the patient’s informed consents before sharing his sensitive data.In the end, this research purposes both a conceptual research model for explaining organizational value of knowledge sharing in healthcare sector and an ontological framework that extends the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) with privacy dimension to secure access to sensitive patient’s data
Park, Sun-Uk. "Centralité périphérique et centre commercial : Paris-Séoul, étude comparée." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100041/document.
Full textIn this work, we analyzed the role, type and character of the large commercial establishment in the formation of the centrality in urban fringe through a relationship with the evolution of the city. We conducted the same analysis on the new town in the outskirts of Seoul. Also, we looked for a comparison between two cities, Paris and Seoul. This work is carried out around three points of view presented below : the evolution of commercial space in the urban mutation of Paris and Seoul; the role of commercial space and peripheral centrality : the case of the new town; the characteristic and evolution of shopping center : the case of Korea. Here are the contents of each part : the first part deals with contents related to the evolution of the commercial space in the urban mutation. Chapter I presents the evolution of commercial space in Paris and Seoul by distinguishing the historical evolution, the evolution of commercial space in the process of modernization, changes in lifestyle and adaptation of urban space in these developments. Chapter II provides the theoretical analysis and the definition relating to the urban center in the process of modernization that leads the development of the center and its periphery and considers the dispersion of the center, the regional distribution of large commercial establishment on the outskirts of the city and the spatial evolution of the peripheral area of Seoul. Then, Chapter III examines the type of shopping center and the nature of urban space, the composition of the commercial space, the changing patterns of consumption and the expansion of commercial equipment. In the second part, we consider the role of commercial space and the peripheral centrality about the new town. Chapter IV discusses the role of commercial space as a key element in the composition of central place in which it distinguished the policy, the spatial character of the central place and the role of the commercial establishment in the composition of the new town. Chapter V deals with content related to the current state of the large commercial establishment, the form of the central place, the state of consumer space, the principles of the urban design and the identity of Ilsan and Bundang new town, located on the outskirts of Seoul. Chapter VI analyzes the architectural characteristics, type, role of large commercial establishment located in the new town and the image of the commercial space as a place of urban activity. In the third part, we consider the characteristics and evolution of the shopping center in Korea. Chapter VII analyzes the evolution of regulations related to commercial urban planning, the evolution and the development of commercial space by giving the definition of various types of sales. Finally, Chapter VIII analyzes the shopping center as a new urban fabric considering their type and character, the nature of the spatial composition and the tendency of the complexity of these Korean institutions
Alouan, Lara. "Apport et limites d’un projet d’émancipation technocentré : cas de hackerspaces français." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE028.
Full textIn reference to Ray Oldenburg (1989/1991), who introduced the definition of third places, a group of structures is emerging with several terms (Fab Labs, hackerspaces, etc.). These organisations advocate more democratic, less formalised and hierarchical way of proceeding, in order to grant more autonomy and responsibility to their members. The interest generated by hackerspaces, as particular places of technological creativity, has spread recently beyond researchers (Lallement, 2015; Davies R., 2017 ; Berrebi-Hoffman, Bureau, Lallement, 2018). Specifically hacker movement – taken in its general sense of emancipation thought technic and not in its reductive acceptance of informatics piracy (Raymond, 1999 ; Himanen, 2001 ; Mc Kenzie Wark, 2004) – clames for a continuous experimentation with alternative forms of working organization. And if these organization forms, based on peer relations, own alternative character, even capacitable, do hackerspaces create a new socio-economical paradigm or do they consider/conceal other realities? To answer all these questions, we suggest our research: behind the smooth and enthusiastic facade in which hackerspaces are presented, what are structuring or occurring issues implemented (not only technological, but also social, economical, political terms)?
Duvernay, Daphné. "Approche communicationnelle de l'émergence et du développement de projets innovants : le cas de l'enseignement supérieur à distance en France et au Brésil. Dispositifs, médiations, pratiques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0017.
Full textCommunication of change is the framework used to analyse the introduction of distance learning technologies withnin the organisations-institutions of the publis sector. The practices of change are led by collectives of grass-roots actors, university researchers, whereas in these large university institutions, change is traditionally led by strategic actors. A comparative international study conducted in French and Brazilian universities shows that practices of change, even if they are inferred by an international context, involve the structuring of the collective of grass-roots actors in an artefact-organization finalized around the new project. The actors thus engage in a strategy of communication, first to experiment change through an artefact-type of communication, the though an institutionalizing process. This search for recognition comes within the scope of an enlarged organization at infra, micro, meso, macro and metalevels, where power relationships create a twofold organisational recomposition : from change to university organisations-institutions, but also university organisations-institutions, but also from organisation-institutions to change, through the impetus given by the macrolevel
Galland, Sébastien. "Le partage de l'expertise et de la connaissance technique dans le cadre de la veille stratégique : aide à l'innovation et à la prise de décision." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0010.
Full textIn a high technological context of strong competition, several companies base their strategy on innovation. Without information about new technology developments, competitors' strategy and market size, the decision-making for innovative project becomes more hazardous. So, STMicroelectronics built its strategy on innovation in order to improve the marketing of new products. To support this innovation strategy and to help the decision makers to know all necessary information to a decision-making, the STMicroelectronics Tours site has created a competitive intelligence (CI) team: the Market Intelligence. To support the innovation, the Market Intelligence is organized according to three kind of Intelligence: The Helpful Intelligence which supply information for the most part of employees The Company Area Intelligence which allow to watch the competitors, the customers, the suppliers, etc. The Project Intelligence which consists in the study of complex topics in collaboration with experts. In order to improve the first step of innovation process, the Market Intelligence team has set up a new process: the expert group approach. It was created in order to share and analyze information between experts with the aim of supporting the Management to identify new strategic trends
Souguir, Romdhane. "La stratégie urbaine dans le monde arabo-musulman contemporain : analyse comparée entre la ville de Fès au Maroc et la ville de Médine en Arabie saoudite." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040032.
Full textThe doctrinaire, the references of the social consciousness, the ethnic data and the socio-economic choices and political are at the base of the problematic urban which caracterize in general the arabo-musulman city, in particular those of fes in marocco and medine in saoudia arabia. Two milleniall city represent beyond of their urban, cultural and religious functions, all a set of sacred space and places. The medine's city is liabe under a urban transformation stayed by some economical choices ultra-liberal having lost the functional hierarchy of the traditional spaces city. The inscribed trajectory over the time and the space by the traditional urban and the ancestral technicals of gestionare spaces are transhiped by rationalized speculation which the dynamic objectif is the formation of dominating system. This urban transformation laboured by some appropriate political options have stricked off the map the ancient traditional medine's city. By the uptiolding and the positive protection of the functional complementari of their spaces, the medina of fes can resist to all multiple calling questions of their urban unit, and harmonious expressions of their architectural wealth. But this haven't stop the human overdensity and the functional transformations of the traditional space to be at the base of their dilapidation and of their massive and dangerous destruction. The safeguard project advenced by the international organism can take place in long-term if it's realised to the total destruction of the medina; setting that, is bases upon opening of some space pedestrian fondamentally to the automobile. The language of the stone and the monuments, the social and philosophical content of some society are those also some scenarios which predetermine the urbanization and the planing of the cities's space
Heckel, Thomas. "Effets de l'informatisation sur la productivité et la demande de capital humain." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139396.
Full textLe premier article montre de façon comptable que l'utilisation et la production des TIC ont fortement contribué à la croissance dans les années 90 en France.
Le deuxième article propose une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer l'effet de l'informatisation sur la demande de capital humain. Celle ci est fondée sur l'estimation de la fonction de production et permet de traiter plus facilement les problèmes d'endogénéité. Elle conduit néanmoins à des résultats très imprécis.
Le troisième article examine l'effet des TIC sur la productivité. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adoption d'Internet affecterait la croissance de la productivité globale des facteurs dans les années 90 en France, via un effet sur l'efficacité des femmes et des employés qualifiés.
Le dernier article évalue l'effet de l'adoption des TIC sur la demande de capital humain. Il indique que les entreprises qui ont adopté ces technologies n'ont pas déplacé leur demande de travail en faveur des jeunes ou des qualifiés. Selon ces deux articles, l'impact des TIC ne dépendrait pas de l'utilisation ou de l'adoption de nouvelles pratiques organisationnelles.
Bibalou-Bagere, Bertille. "Effets des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication sur la transformation des activités, missions et fonctions des cadres." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0005.
Full textGomes, Barbara. "Le droit du travail à l’épreuve des plateformes numériques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100122.
Full textDigital employment platforms build their business model away from the scope of regulations that would traditionally apply to their line of business (for example, private passenger transport companies), the first of which is labour law. It is argued they serve as mere intermediaries between demand and supply, and as such, the status of employee (and sometimes of a worker altogether) is denied. Instead, preference is given to presumed independence via civil and commercial contracts. As a consequence, individuals working for these platforms are not protected by labour law (ex: termination of employment regulation, collective negotiation rights, maternity leave, unemployment benefits, etc.).Yet, when an organisation develops a commercial and economic activity entailing the use of contracts depending on labour power as its very basis for existence, it is difficult to affirm absence of labour or independence. Employment platforms are not mere intermediation platforms; rather, they are productive entities which draw their dynamics from competitive patterns on the market, far more than traditional firms would.The calling into question of social law they spark is part and parcel of a determinist vision of labour law, which claims that law must necessarily adapt to economy’s requirements. This in no way means that law is helpless in the face of these new models. Quite the contrary, the disrupt they bring forward reflects the history of law’s very construction, for French but also European and international law, and calls for it to reassert its demands and ambitions
Deraëve, Sophie. "Stratégies territoriales d’innovation et mobilisation du capital humain dans les villes intermédiaires, les exemples d’Angers et de Reims." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML007/document.
Full textThe shift towards a knowledge-based economy seems to call for rethinking urban and territorial development. Strategies based on highways and business parks planning are not adequate anymore to cope with contemporary challenges. Policy-makers have to deal with people and their ability to innovate.This PhD research examines these challenges focusing on intermediate cities which, in this context, face difficulties to exist apart from being periphery of the core metropolises. Indeed, they have to operate profound transformations, while dealing with the absence of certain urban functions, with the interurban competition, etc. They are also particularly sensitive to the issues of human capital, whose strategic mobilization could allow them to begin to turn a metropolitan trajectory. Discussing these assumptions, the research uses innovative analytical tools: setting a theoretical framework for a territorial human capital approach, analyzing place-based projects by mapping, and modeling the regional governance of innovation.Findings show that territorial organization human capital is an important factor to explain innovative capacities of intermediate cities. In France, Angers and Reims provide two examples of the variegated situations and responses of local policies. The different results could help to stimulate progress in constructing a theoretical approach for conceptualizing challenges of intermediate cities and for developing decision-making tools
Christin, Angèle. "Clicks or Pulitzer ? : Web Journalists and their Work in the United States and France." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0083.
Full textThe internet is transforming journalism in many ways. Yet one of the most fundamental differences between print and online news is the multiplication of internet metrics : web journalists now receive a constant stream of quantitative information about the online popularity of their work. Does quantification always foster standardization? This dissertation argues instead that metrics take on radically different meanings when they travel between countries. Focusing on the case of online news, I compare the reception of web analytics in tv countries, the United States and France, which have different journalistic traditions and relations to market forces. Drawing on ethnographic analysis of a pair of news websites in the United States and France, as well as quantitative material, I find that web journalists in both countries are faced with conflicting definitions of journalistic value. Traditional "editorial" evaluation based on peer judgment is at odds with "click-based" evaluation, which focuses on the number of page views. In spite of these commonalities, American and French journalists manage the tension between qualitative and quantitative evaluations in different ways. At the U. S. Website, journalists distinguish sharply between editorial and click-based modes of evaluation. In contrast, LaPlace's journalists constantly switch back and forth between qualitative and quantitative criteria of value. These differences between the American and French news organizations can be analyzed as distinct "arrangements" between modes of evaluation. Such arrangements stem from the respective trajectories and structures of the American and French journalistic fields
Sabbado, da Rosa Laura. "Le pôle de compétitivité Arve Industries : les effets sur la dynamique partenariale des PME locales." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG018/document.
Full textCompetitiveness clusters have been established since 2006 and represent a political initiative by the French government to aid businesses and regions and thus improve France’s position in the realm of international economic competition. The goal is to reinforce the industrial fabric in certain regions via a substantial injection of public funds invested in projects linked with innovation and internationalization of enterprises. This dissertation studies the impact of the creation of the “Arve Industries” competitiveness cluster and in particular, the degree of implication of local SMEs in this collective, innovating activity. From a theoretical stand point, we call upon approaches addressing territorial economies due to the intrinsically territorial nature of competitiveness clusters, as well as studies focusing on strategic networks. Harnessing these two perspectives, proximity is presented as an important factor at the root of cooperative interactions between the involved actors (businesses, laboratories and universities) in the technological field. From a technological stand point, this work combines a qualitative exploratory approach based on semi-directive interviews with 22 SME owners and 6 organizations that support local industry, and a quantitative approach based on 68 usable questionnaires. The nature of relationships between SMEs in competitiveness clusters are also studied in terms of cooperation, competition and knowledge sharing
Gandia, Rodrigo. "Innovation in ecosystem business models : An application to MaaS and Autonomous vehicles in urban mobility system." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC018.
Full textThe concept of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has become widespread in Western countries and has become a solid market option, presenting a transport system offer based no longer on ownership but use. This approach places the user at the heart of urban mobility issues, so consumers must be open to adopting new technologies and services, such as autonomous vehicles. Based on our research, this Ph.D. thesis aims to analyze the concept of MaaS in order to identify the conditions for its implementation and diffusion in tomorrow's urban mobility. We found that to take a sustainable place in the urban mobility system, MaaS must be considered as a modular and adaptable business model applicable to all socio-political, regulatory, environmental, and economic contexts. To this end, the business model of this innovative ecosystem must take into account consumer acceptance, coordination of the multiple actors making up the value chain within a MaaS and existing transport systems that are specific with their development of technological
Mattern, Julien. "Sociologie critique de l'innovation technologique : le cas de la télébillettique dans les transports publics parisiens." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100202.
Full textThis thesis deals with human and social issues of technological development, by analyzing the specific case of electronic ticketing (the “Navigo” pass) in parisian public transport. The first part of this work analyzes the consequences of technological innovation on the work of employees involved (bus drivers, sales agents, inspectors and maintenance agents). Then, it considers the reasons why these effects have not been taken seriously by the sociology of labour. In a second step, we analyze the electronic ticketing in the terms of a classical sociology of innovation (Callon, Latour). It shows the views and practical problems encountered by the main instigators of the project. Since its inception (in mid-1980), this innovation has been particularly marked by a tension between a commercial and a technical point of view. We point out the implicit biases that underlie its a-critical views (technical evolutionism and ideology of needs), and we stress out their lack of relevance for the “Navigo” case. The third part applies to the “Navigo” different critical grids of analysis (marxist theory of automation, critical theory of control, critical theory of neoliberalism), before considering this innovation in the current “technological tsunami” context (Tibon-Cornillot)
Tissioui, Mohamed. "La dynamique du processus de structuration des métiers dans un contexte d'innovation : Cas des métiers de soins médicaux." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0669.
Full textDaw, Georges. "Analyse théorique et mesure conjoncturelle de la contribution de la "nouvelle économie" à la croissance économique de la France." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010001.
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