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1

C., Anitha. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEMOLYMPH AND WHOLE BODY EXTRACT OF A FRESH WATER CLAM, VILLORITA CYPRINOIDES (GRAY, 1825)." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 3, no. 2 (2018): 151–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1313917.

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Invertebrates possess some pronounced pharmacological activities or other properties which are useful in the biomedical area. In the present study, antimicrobial activities were observed in a fresh water clam, Villorita cyprinoides against a number of pathogens. Antimicrobial activities were carried out by standard disc diffusion method using the hemolymph and whole body extract of the clam Villorita cyprinoides, extracted using the solvents ethanol, methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, hexane and water. The whole body extract showed a high inhibitory action (20 mm) against t
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2

Joseph, Anju Maria, and M. Suresh Gandhi. "Morphology, Biochemistry and Distribution of Villorita cyprinoides and Meretrix casta (Bivalve) Shells in Vembanad Estuary, Kerala, India." Journal of Geosciences Research 9, no. 2 (2024): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56153/g19088-024-0201-62.

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Estuaries are among the most commercially significant ecosystems on the earth, and they provide different habitats for numerous bivalve species. The Clams are one of the most widely distributed and used aquatic bivalves, providing much more protein-rich food than mussels and oysters. The Vembanad Estuary is one of the richest clam fisheries coastal wetland in Kerala. The present study focusing on comparatives ofmorphology and biochemistry of Villorita cyprinoides and Meretrix casta shells in Vembanad Estuary. It also attempts to understand the variations in clam distribution caused by salinity
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3

Vijaya Krishna, Aswathy, and Parvathi Ammini. "Population characteristics of Villorita cyprinoides in Vembanad Lake, India." Lake and Reservoir Management 34, no. 2 (2017): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2017.1394941.

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4

Rakhi. R, Dr. Babitha G.S, Dr. Sheeba. S, and Dr. G. Madhusoodanan Pillai. "Accumulation of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria and E. coli in Villorita cyprinoides in the Anchuthengu-Akathumuri Backwaters, Southern Kerala, India." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 14, no. 6 (2025): 256–66. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.14(6).p256-266.

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The Anchuthengu-Akathumuri backwater system in Kerala, India, is vital for local livelihoods but faces increasing pressures from tourism and urban development, threatening water and sediment quality. This study assesses microbial contamination in water, sediment, and the bivalve Villorita cyprinoides over a year (February 2022 to March 2023) at five sampling stations with varying levels of human influence. The study employed a combination of field and laboratory methodologies, including monthly sampling of water and sediment from five stations, followed by microbiological analysis using standa
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5

Abdulla, Mohamed Hatha, Divya P. Sukumaran, Sithara Joshy, et al. "Conjugal Transfer of the bla<sub>CTX-M-1</sub> Gene Between <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella enterica </i>serovar Enteritidis in Seafood." Fishery Technology 62, no. 2 (2025): 221–30. https://doi.org/10.56093/ft.v62i2.160876.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the conjugal transfer of the blaCTX-M-1 gene from Escherichia coli to E. coli and from E. coli to Salmonella enteritidis serovar Enteritidis in Villorita cyprinoides and Penaeus monodon at different temperatures. An E. coli strain (N13) harbouring the blaCTX-M-1 gene was used as the donor strain. The recipients were E. coli (EF2) and S. Enteritidis (S3), both nalidixic acid-resistant strains of shellfish origin. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and PCR detection of the blaCTX-M-1 gene were pe
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Joy, Minju, and Kajal Chakraborty. "Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory pyranoids and isochromenyl analogues from Corbiculid bivalve clam, Villorita cyprinoides." Food Chemistry 251 (June 2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.059.

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7

Joy, Minju, and Kajal Chakraborty. "Specialized oxygenated heterocyclics from Villorita cyprinoides with cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory properties." Food Research International 106 (April 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.066.

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8

George, Rejomon, G. D. Martin, S. M. Nair, and N. Chandramohanakumar. "Biomonitoring of trace metal pollution using the bivalve molluscs, Villorita cyprinoides, from the Cochin backwaters." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 12 (2013): 10317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3334-9.

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9

Joy, Minju, and Kajal Chakraborty. "Previously undisclosed bioactive sterols from corbiculid bivalve clam Villorita cyprinoides with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials." Steroids 135 (July 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2018.04.007.

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10

M. S., Arya, Biju A., Anu G. Saji, and Dani Benchamin. "Response of Villorita cyprinoides and Magallana bilineata (Bivalvia) to Environmental Variables in Munroe Island, Kerala, India." Advances in Zoology and Botany 12, no. 3 (2024): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/azb.2024.120302.

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11

Bindu, J., C. N. Ravishankar, and T. K. Srinivasa Gopal. "Shelf life evaluation of a ready-to-eat black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) product in indigenous retort pouches." Journal of Food Engineering 78, no. 3 (2007): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.040.

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12

Letty Titus and Sulekha Balakrishnan Thamarakshi. "Bacterial accumulation in edible bivalve, Villorita cyprinoides of Ashtamudi estuarine wetland, a Ramsar site in Kerala State, India." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 14, no. 3 (2025): 104–13. https://doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.14(3).p104-113.

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The Ashtamudi Lake in Kerala, recognized under the Ramsar Convention, showcases rich biodiversity but faces pollution threats from human activities. Of particular concern is the potential bacterial contamination of inland fishery resources due to these anthropogenic influences. The present study, seasonally analysed the total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and E. coli in water, sediment and Villorita cyprinoides respectively using pour plate and MPN methods. Water temperature, pH, salinity, DO and BOD of water samples were also estimated. The results showed the presence of THB in water was more
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13

Parvathy, N., B. T. Sulekha, and S. Sheeba. "Proximate composition with dimensional relationships in Meretrix casta and Villorita cyprinoides from Neendakara part of Ashtamudi lake, Kerala, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, Special (2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29isp2.011.

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14

Suresh, K., and A. Mohandas. "Number and types of hemocytes in Sunetta scripta and Villorita cyprinoides var. cochinensis (Bivalvia), and leukocytosis subsequent to bacterial challenge." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 55, no. 3 (1990): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(90)90072-e.

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15

Kumar, Shythya S., Ambili T.R., Poornima Baby, and Reema Rose Mani. "Ichthyofaunal Diversity and Physico-chemical Analysis of Water in the Middle Stretch of Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 10 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i104040.

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The status of finfish and shellfish diversity and monthly variation in their distribution and abundance were investigated in the middle stretch of Vembanad Lake at 4 selected sites in Kerala. The study was carried out for a period of 7 months from December 2022 to June 2023. In total 31 species of finfishes and shellfishes belongs to 8 orders, 23 families and 29 genera were recorded from the study areas. Calculated values of Biodiversity indices were Shannon Weiner diversity index highest at Vaikom (3.4022), Simpson diversity index highest at Manakunnam (0.9538), Margalef’s richness index high
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16

Nazar, Nasreen, S. Sreejith, J. Bindu, Nikita Gopal, and Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee. "Monitoring endocrine-disrupting compounds and risk assessment in the southwest coastal regions of India using black clams (Villorita cyprinoides) as an indicator." Marine Pollution Bulletin 215 (June 2025): 117896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117896.

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17

Joy, Minju, and Kajal Chakraborty. "Nutritional Qualities of the Low-Value Bivalve Mollusks Paphia malabarica and Villorita cyprinoides at the Estuarine Waters of the Southwestern Coast of India." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 26, no. 1 (2016): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2015.1092486.

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18

Anjana, S., S. Abhilash, B. Varghese, S. Sabu, K. V. Sunooj, and K. A. Martin Xavier. "Performance evaluation of ultra violet assisted vertical re-circulating depuration system on microbial, heavy metal reduction and composition of black clam (Villorita cyprinoides)." LWT 138 (March 2021): 110628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110628.

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19

Neethu, Kariyil Veettil, Sivasankaran Bijoy Nandan, Nelkunnassery Dominic Don Xavier, et al. "A multibiomarker approach to assess lead toxicity on the black clam, Villorita cyprinoides (Gray, 1825), from Cochin estuarine system (CES), southwest coast, India." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (2020): 1775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10524-6.

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20

K, Jijina, Anand PP, Neethu CB, and Shibu Vardhanan Y. "Geometric morphometric shape and size analysis of endemic black Clam, Villorita cyprinoides (Gray, 1825) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from Koottayi estuary, Kerala, South India." Species 24, no. 73 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v24i73/e33s1521.

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21

Karnaver, Preetha, A. S. Deepthi, and Jishamol K.K. "Quantification and Characterization of Microplastic Contamination in Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch,1795) and Villorita cyprinoides (Gray,1825) Collected from Vembanad Lake Kerala: Implications for Aquatic Ecosystems." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 46, no. 8 (2025): 251–68. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i84912.

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Microplastics, smaller plastic particles less than 5mm in size, pose a significant threat to the environment and human health due to their widespread presence, persistence, and potential harm to living organisms. The extensive use of plastics in human life has led to the release of substantial quantities of microplastics into the environment, resulting in widespread pollution. Microplastics are detected in diverse aquatic environments, including freshwater lakes, rivers, and marine ecosystems. Once in aquatic ecosystems, microplastics can be ingested by a wide range of aquatic organisms, inclu
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22

Kumari, Babita, and Hitesh Solanki. "Anti-inflammatory Compounds from the Hydrolysate of Indian Marine Green Mussel (Perna viridis L)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 02 (2021): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i02.08.

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Natural products offer a great hope in identifying bioactive compounds and their development into drugs to treat several diseases including inflammatory problems. Ocean has been considered as a rich source of such compounds with novel structures and important biological activities. Traditional medicine is widespread and natural compounds represent a large source of naturally occurring secondary metabolites that might lead to novel drugs. The ocean also offers the potential for producing metabolites, which may be different from the terrestrial organisms. Due to the complex nature and dynamic sy
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23

Paul, Thankam Theresa, Grinson George, A. Dennis, et al. "Ecosystem Responses in the Distribution of Black Clam (<i>Villorita cyprinoides</i>) Beds in Vembanad Estuary during Environmental Changes Using GIS and RS." Journal of Geographic Information System 09, no. 03 (2017): 245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2017.93015.

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24

Sudhakar, G. R. Learnal, and S. G. Prakash Vincent. "Purification and characterization of a novel C-type hemolytic lectin for clot lysis from the fresh water clam Villorita cyprinoides: A possible natural thrombolytic agent against myocardial infarction." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 36, no. 2 (2014): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.003.

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25

Cherian, P. T. "Impact of Idukki Hydro-Electric Project on the Population of <i>Villorita cyprinoides</i> var. <i>Cochinensis</i> (Hanley) Inhabiting the Estuarian Waters of Muvattupuzha River in Kerala." Records of the Zoological Survey of India 87, no. 3 (1990): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v87/i3/1990/161400.

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26

Rahuman, Summaya, N. S. Jeena, P. K. Asokan, R. Vidya, and P. Vijayagopal. "Mitogenomic architecture of the multivalent endemic black clam (Villorita cyprinoides) and its phylogenetic implications." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72194-1.

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Abstract The Indian black clam Villorita cyprinoides (Family: Cyrenidae), an extractive commercially exploited species with aquaculture importance contributing more than 70% of clam fishery in India, is endemic to the Indian peninsula. Currently, there is very sparse information, especially on the molecular data of Villorita. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive knowledge of mitogenome architecture and assess the phylogenetic status of Cyrenidae. This has resulted in reporting the first complete mitogenome of V. cyprinoides using next-generation sequencing technology. The A+T circ
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27

Rahuman, Summaya, Jeena N. S., Wilson Sebastian, Eldho Varghese, and Asokan P. K. "Tidings from the Tides–De novo transcriptome assembly of the endemic estuarine bivalve Villorita cyprinoides." Scientific Data 11, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03541-4.

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AbstractThe Indian black clam Villorita cyprinoides Gray, 1825, is an economically valuable estuarine bivalve that faces challenges from multiple stressors and anthropogenic pressures. However, limited genomic resources have hindered molecular investigations into the impact of these stressors on clam populations. Here, we have generated the first transcriptomic reference datasets for V. cyprinoides to address this knowledge gap. A total of 25,040,592 and 22,486,217 million Illumina paired-end reads generated from two individuals were assembled using Trinity and rnaSPAdes. From the 47,607 trans
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28

SUJA, N., and K. S. MOHAMED. "Biometric Relationships of Villorita cyprinoides (Gray) from Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India." Asian Fisheries Science 25, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2012.25.1.003.

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29

Megha, Lovejan, Rahiman K. M. Mujeeb, Yousuf Jesmi, et al. "Microplastic and Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Clam (Villorita cyprinoides) and Sediments of Vembanad Lake, India: Characterization and Human Health Risk Assessment." Journal of Marine and Atmospheric Research 4, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15591383.

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This study investigated the pollution status of Vembanad lake by analysing microplastic&nbsp;and heavy metal concentrations in black clams (Villorita cyprinoides) and sediment samples. Clam, V. cyprinoides (n = 30) and sediment samples (n = 3) were collected from 3&nbsp;stations across Vembanad Lake, with each station situated in a different district (Alappuzha,&nbsp;Kottayam, Ernakulam) through which the lake extends. Our findings indicate significant&nbsp;(p &lt; 0.05) microplastic contamination in both black clams and sediments within the lake.&nbsp;Microplastic (MP) concentrations in clams
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30

"Comparative analysis of protein and carbohydrate content in the muscle tissues of Etroplus suratensis and Villorita cyprinoides." JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY INDIA 28, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.51470/jez.2025.28.1.671.

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31

Paul, Thankam Theresa, Preetha Panikker, U. K. Sarkar, et al. "Assessing vulnerability and adopting alternative climate resilient strategies for livelihood security and sustainable management of aquatic biodiversity of Vembanad lake in India." Journal of Water and Climate Change, September 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.194.

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Abstract The present study was carried out at the Thycattussery area in Vembanad lake and assessed the ichthyo-diversity, variability in climatic variables, the exploited status of predominant small-scale sector fisheries (SSFs) and impact of climatic variables upon an existing SSF. Fish, as well as clam specimens collected from the study area, were identified. Diversity indices and dominance curves helped to identify monsoon (June–September) as the diverse season in the wetland. SIMPER (similarity percentage) analysis indicated that Villorita cyprinoides (clam) was the predominant species in
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32

Radhakrishnan, Nidhin Krishna Kadalassery, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Jadav Mulji Alabhai, and Poornendu Jayasree. "Accumulation of microplastics in bivalves within the Chandragiri River in South-Western India." Anthropocene Coasts 7, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44218-024-00038-w.

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AbstractThe pervasive presence of microplastics within river ecosystems has a profound and often underestimated detrimental impact. These minuscule yet persistent particles have infiltrated diverse biological habitats, making their detrimental effects on aquatic life increasingly concerning worldwide. The ability of microplastics to accumulate within aquatic organisms further exacerbates this concern. Consequently, the monitoring of microplastic pollution in surface water environments has emerged as a crucial endeavour, offering invaluable insights into the extent of this ecological threat. Th
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33

Rahuman, Summaya, N. S. Jeena, M. K. Anil, et al. "Induced spawning, larval rearing, and innate diet analysis of Indian black clam, Villorita cyprinoides: An alternative to resource restoration through aquaculture." Aquaculture, May 2024, 741101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741101.

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34

Siddharth, Bagde Prachi, Rini Mathew, Roshna Jose, K. Ranjeet, and V. G. Nikhil. "Characteristics and risk assessment of microplastic mediated heavy metal transport in black clam Villorita cyprinoides from a Ramsar wetland of South India." Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters, November 2023, 100092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2023.100092.

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35

"A Comparative Study on the Allometric Relationship of Black Clam (VILLORITA CYPRINOIDES) in Cochin Estuary with a Special Emphasis on the Impact of Thanneermukkom Bund." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 6, no. 12 (2017): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/art20177743.

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36

Arun, A. U. "A Comparative Study on the Growth of Black Clam (Villorita Cyprinoides) In Cochin Estuary with Special Emphasis on Impact Of A Salinity Barrier At Thannemukkom." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology 4, no. 8 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v4i8.49.

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37

Unnikrishnan, Likhija, Majesh Tomson, Rajiv P, Vidhya D, and Balu M. Nair. "In vitro Analysis of Heavy Metal Interference in Immune System of Estuarine Black Clam Villoritta cyprinoides (Gray)." Asian Journal of Biological and Life sciences, January 5, 2022, 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ajbls.2021.10.76.

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