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Hadj, Ali Héla. "La commercialisation des vins "en primeur"." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10071.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse de la commercialisation des vins en primeur. Le chapitre 1 présente les caractéristiques de cette vente ainsi qu' une revue de la littérature analysant le rôle de certains marchés financiers. Le chapitre 2 fournit une justification à l' engouement des acheteurs pour le marché vinicole bordelais entre 1995 et 1999. Nous montrons qu' un investissement dans le vin primeur a procuré des rendements significativement meilleurs qu' un investissement sur le marché boursier. En revanche, hors marché primeur, un portefeuille contenant vins et actifs financiers n' a été que rarement plus performant qu' un portefeuille classique. Le chapitre 3 étudie le rôle des ventes en primeur dans le financement des producteurs. Dans un modèle où une asymétrie d' information entre banques et viticulteurs crée un problème de rationnement de crédit, nous étudions le rôle certificateur de ces ventes. Nous montrons qu' en raison des possibilités de collusion entre producteur et négociant, cette commercialisation n' est utilisée qu' à des fins de financement. Elle résout néanmoins le problème de rationnement de crédit. Le chapitre 4 étudie les offres d' achats anticipés comme un moyen de couverture contre un choc sur la demande. Si le producteur ne peut s' engager sur le prix futur, il rencontre un problème de crédibilité intertemporelle. Nous montrons que ce problème se résout par le rationnement de la demande en première période. Seuls les producteurs averses au risque choisissent de vendre à l' avance et rationnent la demandeThis thesis deals with the "en primeur" wine sales which is a form of forward market where producers sell in advance a part of their new production. The first chapter describes the "en primeur" sales and presents the literature related to the roles of some financial markets. The second chapter uses data from Bordeaux market to justify the recent speculative interest in wine sales. Results show that there is little evidence of improvement from adding wines to financial portfolio while investment in the "en primeur" market provides significantly higher returns than investment in financial markets. The third chapter studies the role of "en primeur" sales to finance producers who face liquidity problem. In a model with credit rationing, we study the role of certification by trade. Collusion is shown to prevent certification. "En primeur" sales are used only to solve the credit rationing problem. In the fourth chapter, we justify buy-in-advance offers because they provide insurance when there is some uncertainty about the demand of the good. We show that because the monopoly faces a commitment problem, these offers must entail some rationing. Moreover, any risk-averse producer chooses to propose an introductory offer, with rationning, while a risk-neutral producer prefers not to do so. Hence ? demand rationing may occur for insurance motives
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Siqueira, Cassiano Medeiros. "Deus e o primeiro motor movente : uma análise lógica da primeira via de Tomás de Aquino." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71940.
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Entre as cinco provas da existência de Deus que Tomás de Aquino apresentou na Summa Theologiae, sobressai a chamada “primeira via”, considerada pelo autor como a “mais manifesta”. Esta dissertação formaliza-a em lógica quantificacional, explicitando cada uma das inferências a fim de julgar sua validade e correção. Depois de explicadas as teses metafísicas que constituem o cenário da discussão — como a doutrina aristotélica das quatro causas e as distinções entre substância e acidente, ato e potência —, são examinadas as objeções de Anthony Kenny (1969) e as sugestões interpretativas de John Wippel (2000) em defesa do raciocínio de Tomás. Mostra-se que a primeira parte, que procura demonstrar a irreflexividade do movimento, é um argumento válido, mas incorreto, por conter uma premissa falsa: aquela que afirma sem restrições a atualidade do movente. Já a segunda parte, o argumento contra o regresso infinito, contém uma ambiguidade que o deixa diante de duas alternativas: ou se trata de uma petição de princípio ou de uma falácia de equivocidade. Dado o fracasso material e formal da prova, é proposta finalmente uma abordagem não-dedutiva do problema.Among the five proofs of God’s existence presented by Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologiae, the so-called "first way" stands out, for being considered by the author as the "most obvious" one. This dissertation formalizes it in quantificational logic, explaining each of the inferences in order to assess its validity and soundness. After explaining the metaphysical theses that provide the backdrop for the discussion — as the doctrine of the four Aristotelian causes and the distinctions between substance and accident, act and potency — it considers the objections of Anthony Kenny (1969) and interpretive suggestions of John Wippel (2000) in defense of Thomas’ reasoning. It is shown that the first part, which seeks to demonstrate the non-reflexivity of movement, is a valid argument, but unsound, because it contains a false premise: the one that states the mover’s actuality without restrictions. The second part, the argument against the infinite regress, contains an ambiguity that leaves you faced with two alternatives: either it begs the question or it is a fallacy of equivocation. Given the material and formal failure of the proof, a non-deductive approach to the problem is finally proposed.
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Olivier, Melani. "Die ontwikkeling en toepassing van 'n voorlopige meetinstrument vir die bepaling van primêre sorggewers se behoeftes rakende die hantering van die persoon met 'n traumatiese breinbesering." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05152007-084141.
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Van, Wyk Milton Lester. "Die geleerde ervarings van primere skoolonderwysers binne 'n kultuur van performatiwiteit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96995.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the lived experiences of primary school teachers within a culture of performativity. The French philosopher, Jean-Francois Lyotard (1984) more than anyone else gave credence to the notion of ‘performativity’ in education which he used to represent political and bureaucratic mechanisms of control. Embedded in regulatory mechanisms there are performance indicators such as ‘monitoring systems’ with associated ‘production of information’, that according to Ball (2003) engenders the ‘terrors of performativity’. To conform to the regulatory mechanisms the performativity culture in schools, pressure is increasingly placed on teachers to demonstrate their accountability to education authorities for the responsibilities delegated to them. The literature review does not only seeks to give meaning to key terms and concepts relevant to the study, but also aims to define the operational. Relevant terms included: accountability, professionalism, performance and performativity. In the discussion it is shown that there is a close underlying relationship between performativity and performance, between performativity and accountability, and between performativity and professionalism. In order to answer the main research question and to align logically to the purpose of the study, the researcher conducted a qualitative research study within the interpretative research paradigm. The study was guided by the phenomenological research approach – and more specifically by the hermeneutical-phenomenological research method of Max van Manen (1990). Two data collection methods were employed: protocol narratives (descriptions of lived experiences) and in-depth semi-structured phenomenological interviews. In this study a thematic analytical approach was followed whereby the researcher identified emerging themes from the collected data. Different steps were taken to increase the internal validity of the study and to give attention to the ethical aspects that emerged during the investigation. In this study it is evident that performativity, with its emphasis on effectiveness, efficiency and quality, is currently the most powerful and pervasive discourse in education. The description of the results shows that teachers tend to be swallowed up by the demands of performativity – so much so that teachers are overwhelmed by the ‘terrors of performativity’. Teachers’ ‘escape’ from the ‘imprisonment’ of performativity is not only associated with distorted side Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za viii effects, but there are also physiological and emotional processes that teachers are confronted with in their attempts conform to the regulatory systems. The study found that the undesirable side effects of performativity serve and a push factor for the early exit of teachers from the profession.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus op die geleefde ervarings van primêre skoolonderwysers binne ‘n kultuur van performatiwiteit. Die Franse filosoof, Jean-Francois Lyotard (1984) wat meer as enigeen die betekenis van performatiwiteit in die onderwys blootgelê het, gebruik die nosie van ‘performatiwiteit’ om politieke en burokratiese meganismes van beheer voor te stel. Ingebed in die regulerende meganismes is daar prestasie-aanduiders soos onder andere ‘moniteringsisteme’ met gepaardgaande ‘produksie van inligting’, wat volgens Stephen Ball (2003) aanleiding gee tot die ‘terreurs van performatiwiteit’. Ten einde te konformeer tot die regulerende meganismes is daar binne die performatiewe klimaat in die skool toenemende druk op onderwysers om te demonstreer dat hulle toerekenbaar is aan die onderwysowerhede vir die verantwoordelikhede wat aan hulle opgedra is. In die lieratuuroorsig is nie net ‘n oorsig gegee van die betekenisse van kernterme en – konsepte wat relevant tot hierdie studie is nie, maar ook is gepoog om dit operatief te definieer. Relevante begrippe is onder andere toerekenbaarheid, professionalisme, prestasie en performatiwiteit. In die bespreking is aangetoon dat daar ‘n noue onderlinge verband tussen performatiwiteit en prestasie, tussen performatiwiteit en toerekenbaarheid, en tussen performatiwiteit en professionalisme bestaan. Om die sentrale navorsingsvraag te beantwoord en logies met die doel van die studie in te skakel, het die navorser ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingstudie uit die interpretiwistiese navorsingsparadigma onderneem. Die fenomenologiese navorsingsbenadering – en meer spesifiek, die hermeneuties-fenomenologiese navorsingsmetode van Max van Manen (1990) het hierdie studie gerig. Daar is gebruik gemaak van twee data-insamelingsmetodes, te wete protokol skryfwerk (geleefde ervarings-beskrywings) en semi-gestruktureerde in-diepte fenomenologiese onderhoude. In hierdie studie is ‘n tematiese analitiese benadering gevolg deurdat die navorser die ontluikende temas in die ingesamelde data geïdentifiseer het. Verskillende stappe is gedoen om veral die interne geldigheid van die studie te verhoog en aandag te gee aan etiese aspekte wat tydens die ondersoek na vore gekom het. Uit hierdie studie blyk dit dat performatiwiteit, met sy klem op effektiwiteit, doeltreffendheid en kwaliteit, huidiglik die mees magtigste en deurdringende diskoers in die onderwys is. Uit die Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za vi beskrywing van die resultate is dit duidelik dat onderwysers neig om deur die eise van performatiwiteit verswelg te raak – soveel so dat onderwyser oorweldig word deur die ‘terreurs van performatiwiteit’. Onderwysers se ‘ontsnapping’ uit die ‘gevangenskap’ van performatiwiteit gaan nie net gepaard met bepaalde verwronge opvoedkundige newe-effekte nie, maar ook is daar die fisiologiese en emosionele prosesse wat onderwysers moet verduur in hul pogings om tot die regulerende stelsels te konformeer. In die studie is bevind dat die ongewenste newe-effekte van performatiwiteit dien as stootfaktore wat onderwysers beweeg om die onderwys vroeg te laat verlaat.
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Engelbrecht, Adel. "Ontwerp en toetsing van 'n intervensieprogram vir gesyferdheid vir graad 2- en 3-leerders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1623.
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Thesis (MEd) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Learning and the development of numeracy in the foundation phase are regarded as highly important. In this critical period learners attain the fundamental knowledge that is needed for future learning and development. A serious problem within South African schools is that a great number of foundation phase learners show difficulties in numeracy. Various reasons can be provided for these difficulties, for example, learners do not receive good teaching, they hold negative attitudes towards numeracy, they encounter language barriers, and so forth. It is important that the learners’ difficulties in numeracy are attended to immediately and effectively, to be able to minimise the gaps between the learners’ functioning level and the level the learner is suppose to be on. The Western Cape Education Department (WCED) laid bare their concern with the current problem in numeracy when they launched the WCED Literacy and Numeracy Strategy 2006-2016. As part of this the Metropole North Education and Management Development Centre (EMDC) requested and implemented an intervention programme for grade 2 and grade 3 learners. Part of this problem is that many foundation phase educators lack the necessary knowledge to identify the learners with difficulties and especially to attend to these difficulties. The goal of this research study was to investigate the realization of an early intervention programme implemented over a limited period of time of ten weeks in grade 2 and grade 3 classrooms. The current study aimed at providing educators with resources to offer learning support to their disadvantaged learners within the Numeracy classroom. This study has implications for the way in which educators approach and teach numeracy, as well as for the type of learning support the educators provide their disadvantaged learners with. The intervention programme is based on a problem centered approach with constructivism as underlying epistemology. This approach views the educator as a facilitator who provides the learners with opportunities to be actively involved in the learning environment to construct knowledge. The importance of word problems and discussion within the Numeracy classroom are emphasized and it is necessary that the educator create the appropriate classroom atmosphere so that this approach can be implemented effectively. Learning is an active process and it is the responsibility of the educator to provide the learners with appropriate learning activities for learning and development to take place. The study made use of programme evaluation as research methodology. Programme evaluation refers to a research goal instead of specific research methods, because various methods can be used which may be quantitative or qualitative in nature. The gathering of data was done through classroom observations by the researcher, informal interviews with participating educators, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with the educators at the four schools the researcher monitored intensively during the implementation process of the intervention programme. The gathering of data was an ongoing process and the researcher analysed and interpreted the learners’ work at the end of the implementation process. The researcher checked this analysis by means of the literature review, transcripts and field notes. This formed the basis on which conclusions and recommendations could be made. The conclusions confirmed the importance of early intervention and the efficacy of the problem centered approach within the numeracy classroom. It also confirmed the disadvantages of the training model that was used, that is the Cascade model. With this study it was possible to determine that a ten week intervention programme was too short a period to observe meaningful improvements in learners. Therefore further research should be done on addressing learners’ difficulties and to train and support educators to provide learning support to their learners.
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De, Jager Leon. "Die ondersteuning van leerders uit hoe risiko-gemeenskappe in primere skole." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49922.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are learners in the South African education system that reside and live within highrisk situations. These high-risk situations impact on the family-, scholastic and community contexts and also the relationship variables existing between these systems. The risk situations in which these learners live, cause and/or on occasion lead to early school exiting, teenage pregnancy, alcohol and substance abuse, the choice of living on the streets, youth misbehaviour and gangsterism. It is therefore important to determine and recognize the environmental contexts in which these learners find themselves to on the one hand reach a better understanding of this phenomenon, and on the other hand to organise effective aid and assistance initiatives. The following can be reported in this regard: Inconclusive evidence exists with respect to the exact nature of the problems, which confront primary school learners from high-risk situations. A shortage of effective strategies exists to support primary school learners from high-risk situations. This research is undertaken from a social constructionist, contextual ecosystemic perspective. The research is founded on a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches and is undertaken within the interpretive research paradigm. An encompassing literature review was undertaken during which the following aspects were described and determined, namely: The problems encountered by learners from high risk situations. Recommendations from South African state departments regarding the assistance and support for learners from high-risk situations. Guidelines collected from the literature regarding the assistance and support for learners from high-risk situations. The empirical investigation is aimed at identifying the nature and extent of the prominent problems being experienced by learners from high-risk situations. Guidelines were developed by which learners from high-risk situations can be assisted and supported. These guidelines were developed on the basis of the research results yielded by the empirical investigation and a synthesis derived from literature exploration and the integration of empirical findings. The research focuses on Grade Seven learners from ten selected primary schools in the Boland region. The investigative instruments used during this research were the questionnaire, photo analysis and the focus interview. The research findings have shown that learners are more inclined to leave the school prematurely because of insufficient relationships that exists between the family, the community and the school. An integrated approach between these contexts is therefore essential to develop strategies in order to prevent learners from dropping out of school.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is leerders in die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwyssisteem wat 10 hoë risikoomstandighede woon en leef Hierdie risiko-omstandighede het 'n impak op hulle gesins-, skolastiese en gemeenskapskontekste asook die verhoudingsveranderlikes wat daar tussen hierdie sisteme bestaan. Die risiko-omstandighede waarin hierdie leerders leef, veroorsaak en/of lei soms tot byvoorbeeld voortydige skoolverlating, tienerswangerskappe, drank- en dwelmmisbruik, die keuse van 'n lewe op straat, jeugwangedrag en bendevorming. Dit is van belang om die omgewingskontekste van hierdie leerders te begryp en te verreken om enersyds tot 'n beter begrip van die fenomeen te kom, maar om andersyds effektiewe hulpverleningsinisiatiewe te ontwikkel. Die volgende kan in hierdie verband gemeld word: daar bestaan onvoldoende inligting ten opsigte van die wesenlike aard van die probleme wat leerders uit hoë risiko-omstandighede aan primêre skole ervaar; daar is 'n gebrek aan effektiewe strategieë om leerders uit hoë risiko-omstandighede aan primêre skole te ondersteun. Hierdie navorsing word onderneem vanuit 'n sosiaal-konstruksionisties, kontekstueelekosistemiese perspektief Die navorsing steun op 'n kombinasie van beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodologiese benaderings en word onderneem vanuit die interpreterende navorsingsparadigma. 'n Omvattende literatuurstudie is onderneem waartydens die volgende aspekte beskryfen beredeneer is: die probleme wat leerders uit hoë risiko-omstandighede ervaar. aanbevelings uit staatsdepartemente in Suid-Afrika oor die ondersteuning van leerders uit hoë risiko-omstandighede. riglyne vanuit die literatuur oor die ondersteuning van leerders uit hoë risikoomstandighede. Die empiriese ondersoek is daarop gemik om die aard en omvang van die prominente probleme wat leerders uit hoë risiko-omstandighede aan primêre skole ervaar te identifiseer. Riglyne waardeur hierdie leerders ondersteun kan word, is ontwikkel. Hierdie riglyne is ontwikkelop grond van die navorsingsresultate van die empiriese ondersoek en 'n sintese vanuit die literatuurverkenning en die integrasie van die empiriese bevindings. Die navorsing fokus op graad sewe-leerders aan tien geselekteerde primêre skole in die Boland-streek. Drie ondersoekinstrumente word tydens hierdie navorsing gebruik, naamlik die vraelys, foto-analise en die fokus-onderhoud. Die navorsingsresultate het getoon dat leerders meer geneig is om die skool voortydig te verlaat as gevolg van gebrekkige verhoudinge tussen die gesin, die gemeenskap en die skool. 'n Geïntegreerde benadering tussen hierdie kontekste is daarom belangrik om strategieë te ontwikkel wat sal verhoed dat leerders die skool voortydig verlaat.
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Nel, Gerrit Oosthuizen. "Kooperatiewe leer as 'n aspek van kleingroepwerk in die primere skool." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/67300.
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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 1990.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Small group work is a complex educational method which requires of the teacher not only a thorough knowledge of group work methods and group dynamic processes, but also thorough advance planning and organising before its implementation. Before the teacher implements small group 'Work in his class-room, he should formulate clear aims and objectives to serve as guideline for group activities. During small group work distinctive activities are undertaken and to increase the success of these activities, the teacher will have to create a positive climate which promotes the teaching and learning process. As with the creation of climate, the composition of the group is a variable which can be controlled by the teacher. The correct group composition will not only lead to more effective group functioning, but will also contribute to a healthy esprit de corps. Small group work implies a dramatic shift in emphasis in respect of the traditional roles of teacher and pupil. The role of the pupil (learner) changes from that of a passive listener to that of an active participant and discussion partner in the teaching and learning process. The role of the teacher who has been regarded as almost the only source and transmitter of knowledge, changes to that of a facilitator who leads and motivates the pupil to become an enquirer-learner. To be able to participate effectively in small group activities requires certain skills of pupils. Two skills, namely communication and problemsolving, which should be taught to the pupils purposefully and in a structured way, are described in this study. The success of small group work is to a large extent determined by these two skills. Co-operative learning is an educational technique which involves the pupil in becoming co-responsible for his own teaching and lea~ning process. Cooperative learning is described as an aspect of small group work where heterogeneous groups of approximately five members each, function interdependently of one another in order to attain a group aim. Co-operative learning techniques are aimed at eliminating, to a large extent, the passivity and isolation which may occur during ordinary group w0rk, as each group member is actively involved in the learning process. Co-operative learning techniques is also aimed at developing the pupil as a whole because components such as communication development, problem solving, socialising, conflict handling and leadership development are all involved. In this way the pupil may be better prepared to take his place in a complex society which is constantly making higher demands. The application of co-operative learning techniques in small group context may also offer a solution to the problems of combined and ever growing classes at present experienced in education.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kleingroepwerk is 'n komplekse onderrigmetode wat vereis dat die leerkrag nie aIleen oor deeglike kennis van groepwerkmetodes en groepdinamiese prosesse moet beskik nie, maar ook deeglik moet beplan en organiseer voordat dit gelmplementeer kan word. Voordat die leerkrag kleingroepwerk in sy klaskamer implementeer, moet hy eers duidelike doelstellings en doelwitte formuleer wat groepaktiwiteite kan rig. Tydens kleingroepwerk word eiesoortige aktiwiteite beoefen en om die sukses van hierdie aktiwiteite te verhoog, word die leerkrag genoop om 'n aangename positiewe klimaat te skep wat bevorderlik is vir die onderrig en leerproses. Soos klimaatskepping is groepsamestelling 'n veranderlike wat deur die leerkrag beheer kan word. Die korrekte groepsamestelling lei nie aIleen tot meer effektiewe groepfunksionering nie, maar kan ook bydra tot 'n gesonde groepgees. Kleingroepwerk impliseer 'n dramatiese klemverskuiwing ten opsigte van die tradisionele rolle van leerkrag en leerling. Die rol van die leerling (leerder) verander vanaf passiewe luisteraar na aktiewe deelnemer en medegespreksvennoot in die onderrig-en-leerproses. Die leerkrag wat feitlik as die enigste kennisbron en kennisoordraer beskou word, se rol verander nou na fasiliteerder wat eerder die leerling lei en motiveer om ondersoekendlerend op te tree. Om effektief aan kleingroepaktiwiteite deel te neem, vereis dat leerlinge oor sekere vaardighede moet beskik. In hierdie studie word twee vaardighede, naamlik kommunikasie en probleemoplossing beskryf wat doelbewus en gestruktureerd aan leerlinge geleer en ingeoefen moet word. Die sukses van kleingroepwerk word in 'n groot mate deur hierdie twee vaardighede bepaal. Kooperatiewe leer is 'n onderrigtegniek wat die leerling betrek om mede-verantwoordelikheid vir sy eie onderrig-en-leerproses te aanvaar. Kooperatiewe leer word beskryf as 'n aspek van kleingroepwerk waar heterogene groepe van ongeveer vyf lede elk interafhanklik van mekaar funksioneer ten einde dip. groepdoel te bereik. Kooperatiewe Ieertegnieke is oaaro: gemik om passiwiteit en isolasie w,at tydens gewone groepwerk mag voorkom in 'n groot mate te elimineer aangesien elke groeplid aktief by die leerproses betrek word. Kooperatiewe leertegnieke het ook ten doel om die leerling in sy totaliteit te laat ontwikkel aangesien komponente soos kommunikasie-ontwikkeling, probleemoplossing, sosialisering, konflikhantering en leierskapontwikkeling ter sprake kom. Sodoende kan die leerling beter voorberei word om sy plek in 'n komplekse samelewing wat steeds hoer eise stel, vol te staan. Die toepassing van kooperatiewe leertegnieke binne kleingroepverband bied ook moontlik 'n oplossing vir probleme van gekombineerde en groterwordende klasse wat tans in die onderwys ervaar word.
Stellenbosch University
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Swanepoel, Geertje. "Voorbereiding van die pre-primere kind op hospitalisasie 'n Spelterapeutiese benadering /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10082004-072158.
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Bayliss, William Henry. "'n Evaluering van tugmaatreëls in die Transvaalse primere skole / William Henry Bayliss." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9328.
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The purpose of this thesis is to look into and to investigate the evaluation of disciplinary
measures.
Research has been done in order to: • establish which pedagogical and juridical guidelines are to be considered when implementing disciplinary measures, • to establish which of these measures are to be used in primary schools, and • to evaluate such disciplinary measures. To achieve these goals a literary study and 3IJ empirical investigation have been completed.
In the literary study specific attention has been paid to the evaluation of disciplinary measures
with reference to laws, regulations and departmental guidelines.
A synopsis in connection with the juridical and pedagogical character of disciplinary measures
has been completed especially as far as the following aspects are concerned: authority,
order, discipline, the principles of judiciary education, the disposition of educative discipline,
directives for disciplinary measures, reasons for pupils being undisciplined and forms of
disciplinary measures.
An empirical investigation has clearly indicated problems experienced by principals of primary
schools.
Limitations concerning the evaluation of disciplinary measures and ways of implementing
in-service training, have been established.
It has been concluded that some principals do not possess of any qualifications in connection
with educational management. Principals should establish which instruments are suitable
for corporal punishment, which teachers are allowed to inflict such punishment with the
principal's consent and where such punishment should be administered.
The disciplinary climate in the school and that at home has much in common. Corporal
punishment cannot be done away with.
Principals should also try to ascertain the reasons for undisciplined conduct in schools and
how verbal and non-verbal disciplinary measures can be sophisticated.
Guidelines have been laid down and recommendations have been made for the evaluation
of disciplinary measures by principals in the primary schools in the Transvaal.Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1992
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Martins, Eder Marinho. "Obtenção do primeiro autovalor do p-Laplaciano via método das potências inverso." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/EABA-7Y6QE5.
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The main aim of this thesis is to introduce a new method for computing the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian inspired by the inverse power method of finite dimensional linear algebra. We show the method is valid for any ball in RN, if p > 1, and for any bounded domain in the special case p = 2. For p > 2 the method is validated numerically for the square and we conjecture that the method is valid for a certain class
of domains. We also use the method to compute the generalized sine function introduced by Lindqvist.O principal objetivo desta tese é apresentar um novo método para o cálculo do primeiro autovalor para o p-Laplaciano, com condições homogêneas de Dirichlet na fronteira, inspirado no método das potências inverso de álgebra linear finita. Mostramos que o método é válido para qualquer bola em RN, se p > 1, e para qualquer domínio limitado no caso especial p = 2. Para p > 2, o método é validado numericamente para o quadrado e conjecturamos que o método seja válido para uma certa classe de domínios. Também utilizamos o método para calcular a função seno generalizada introduzida por Lindqvist.
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Alvebratt, Marie-Louise, and Malin Jaginder. "Icke-farmakologiska interventioner vid behandling av primär hypertoni : ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22845.
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Bakgrund: Globalt är hypertoni ett hot mot folkhälsan och förekommer hos 40 % av världens befolkning och hos 27 % i Sverige. Hypertoni är starkt relaterat till utvecklingen av kardiovaskulära sjukdomar som står för 31 % av alla dödsfall i världen. Sjuksköterskans arbete är bland annat att förebygga hypertoni och dess följdsjukdomar. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva icke-farmakologiska interventioner som kan tillämpas i blodtryckssänkande syfte hos patienter med primär hypertoni. Metod: Litteraturstudie med en strukturerad sökning i Medline, Cinahl och AMED. Sökord som användes var hypertension, therapy och drug therapy samt i Medline användes även diabetes. Dataanalysen skedde med inspiration av konventionell innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre studier visade att fysisk aktivitet minskade blodtrycket signifikant. Stresshantering gav en minskning av blodtrycket i fem studier, de innefattade biofeedback, yoga, hypnos och andningsövningar. En studie innehöll en pulverdietmix som gav en minskning av blodtrycket. En kombinationsbehandling av rådgivning och blodtrycksmätning i hemmet visade sig i en studie ha positiv effekt på blodtrycket under en tvåårsperiod. Slutsatser: Studien gav ett flertal interventioner som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av i arbetet med patienter med primär hypertoni.
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Bendrik, Sanna, and Mari Falck. "Effekter av fysisk aktivitet vid primär depression hos vuxna : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36043.
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Bakgrund: Personer med psykisk ohälsa, och däribland depression, är ett ökande folkhälsoproblem som vanligtvis behandlas med antidepressiva läkemedel och olika former av terapi inom primärvården. Fysisk aktivitet kan erbjudas som behandling vid depression och distriktssköterskan behöver kunskap om fysisk aktivitet och dess användning som sjukdomsprevention och behandling. Detta för att kunna erbjuda individanpassad, evidensbaserad vård till personer med depressionssymtom. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva effekten av fysisk aktivitet vid primär depression hos vuxna, samt att undersöka om typen, intensiteten, dosen (frekvensen) eller durationen av den fysiska aktiviteten hade någon betydelse för effekten. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med narrativ syntes, som inkluderar experimentella, randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT). Huvudresultat: De flesta av studiernas interventioner utfördes i instruktörsledda grupper och resultatet visade signifikant minskad grad av depression hos majoriteten av deltagarna i interventionerna. Detta samtidigt som all fysisk aktivitet oavsett typ, intensitet och dos (frekvens) gav effekt på depressionssymtom. Dock sågs durationen ha betydelse för effekten av fysisk aktivitet på primär depression och interventioner som pågick under längre tid gav i större utsträckning fördelaktiga signifikanta resultat. Slutsats: All fysisk aktivitet, oavsett typ, intensitet och dos (frekvens) gav effekt vid depression. Interventionernas duration hade betydelse för effekten, och interventioner som pågick under längre tid gav i högre grad signifikanta effekter på depression. Dessa resultat kan vara användbara i distriktssköterskans kliniska arbete och ett stöd när den fysiska aktiviteten ska individanpassas vid behandling av depression, exempelvis vid utbildning och förskrivning av fysisk aktivitet på recept (FaR®).Background: People with mental illness, including depression, are an increasing public health problem that is usually treated with antidepressants and various forms of therapy in primary care. Physical activity can be offered as a treatment for depression and district nurses need knowledge of physical activity and its use as disease prevention and treatment in order to offer personalised, evidence-based care to people with depressive symptoms. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe the effect of physical activity on primary depression in adults, as well as to investigate whether the type, intensity, dose (frequency) or duration of physical activity had any impact on the effect. Method: Systematic literature review with narrative synthesis, including experimental, randomized controlled trials (RCT). Main results: Most of the studies’ interventions were performed in instructor-led groups and the results showed significantly reduced rates of depression in the majority of participants who participated in the interventions. All physical activity, regardless of type, intensity and dose (frequency), had an effect on depressive symptoms. However, the duration was seen to have an impact on the effect of physical activity on primary depression and interventions that lasted for a longer period of time gave more beneficial significant results. Coclusion: All physical activity, regardless of type, intensity and dose (frequency) had an effect on depression. The duration of the interventions had an impact on the effect, and interventions that lasted for a longer period of time had a greater effect on depression. These results can be useful in the district nurse’s clinical work when personalizing physical activity in the treatment of depression, for example in the education of patients and when prescribing physical activity on prescription (FaR®).
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Ali, Dholfoqar. "Vilken effekt har statiner vid primär- och sekundärprevention av hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12009.
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Bakgrund: Lipidsänkande läkemedel, huvudsakligen statiner köptes under 2011 ut av 815 000 personer på landets apotek. Höga blodfetter är en viktig riskfaktor, bland flera, för utveckling av hjärt- och kärlsjukdom (ex hjärtinfarkt, kärlkramp, claudicatio intermittens och stroke). Hjärt- och kärlsjukdom orsakar drygt 40 % av alla dödsfall i Sverige. Livsstilsförändringar tillsammans med blodfettssänkande läkemedel, statiner, är en effektiv behandling. Statiner kan ges antingen i förebyggande syfte (primärprevention) eller som terapi vid sekundärprevention efter en första hjärt-kärlsjukdomshändelse. Syfte: att med hjälp av publicerade kliniska prövningar och metaanalyser undersöka vilka primär- och sekundärpreventiv effekter statiner har på morbiditet/mortalitet vid hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Resultat: utvärdering av utvalda artiklar, som redovisas i denna studie, visade att statiner minskar TC, LDL och TG och ökar HDL. De visade också en reducering av allvarliga hjärthändelser, cerebrovaskulära händelser, dödlighet i kranskärlssjukdom, instabil angina och revaskularisering. Statinbehandling var associerad med riskökning av måttlig eller allvarlig leversvikt, akut njursvikt, måttlig eller allvarlig myopati och grå starr både hos män och kvinnor. Risken var dosberoende och störst under första årets behandling. Slutsats: studierna visade att statinbehandling minskar skadliga blodfetter, förhindrar aterosklerosprocessen och minskar därmed behovet av revaskularisering. Statinbehandlingen är cirka tre gånger så effektiv vid sekundärprevention som vid primärprevention. Man behöver behandla 60 personer, som haft en hjärt- och kärlhändelse, under cirka 5 år för att förhindra ett dödsfall och 180 personer för att förhindra ytterligare ett insjuknandetillfälle. Effekten är likartad för män och kvinnor och för äldre och medelålders personer. Livslängden ökar med två år. För patienter, som inte haft en hjärt- och kärlhändelse men har riskfaktor t.ex. i form av höga kolesterolvärden eller diabetes, behöver man behandla nästan 2-3 gånger så många för att uppnå samma resultat (120 patienter för att förhindra ett dödsfall och 330 för att förhindra ett insjuknande). Effekten vid primärprevention av friska individer är låg. Statiner är ur biverkningssynpunkt väletablerade och säkra läkemedel. Ett observandum är myopati, (rhablomyelos), som är ganska ovanligt enligt vad som inrapporterats från studier. Ett problem som finns med all preventiv behandling är dålig följsamhet till ordinationerna.Background: Lipid-lowering drugs, mostly statines, were dispensed during 2011 to 815 000 people from the pharmacies in Sweden. High cholesterol is a major risk factor for development of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, angina, intermittent claudicatio intermittens and stroke). Coronary heart disease is the causes of more than 40% of all deaths in Sweden.Lifestyle changes, together with lipid-lowering drugs, statines, are effective treatments. Statines can be administered either to patients that have had a cardiac event i.e. heart attack, stroke (secondary care) or to persons with risk factors i.e. high levels of cholesterol, diabetes, primary care. Objective: with the help of published clinical trials and meta-analysis examine what effect statines have on morbidity / mortality in cardiovascular diseases in primary and secondary care. Results: The studies showed that statins reduce TC, LDL and TG and increase HDL. They also showed that statins reduce major coronary events, cerebrovascular events, mortality from coronary heart disease, unstable angina and revascularization. Statin therapy was associated with increased risk of moderate or severe liver failure, acute renal failure, moderate or severe myopathy and cataracts in both men and women. The risk was dose-dependent and greatest at the first year of treatment. Conclusion: The studies showed that statine treatment reduced the blood level of harmful cholesterol, prevented the atherosclerotic process and thus reduced the need for revascularization. Statin therapy is about two - three times as effective in secondary care as in primary care. One need to treat 60 people, who have had a coronary heart event, during about 5 years to prevent one death and 180 people to prevent a nonfatal cardiovascular event. The effect is similar for men and women and for older and middle aged people. Life expectancy increases by two years. For patients who not have had a coronary heart event but have risk factors i.e. high cholesterol levels, diabetes, one need to treat two - three times as many to achieve the same results (120 patients to prevent one death and 330 to prevent one nonfatal cardiovascular event). The effects of treating healthy individuals with statines are low.Statines are well-established and safe drugs. One noteworthy side effect is myopathy, (rhablomyelos) which is quite unusual as reported from studies.One problem that exists in all prescribed preventive treatments is poor adherence to prescriptions.
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Watson, Ruby. "Wat is die invloed van skoolkultuur op die rol-identifisering van onderwysers by 'n primere skool in die Wes-Kaap?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17965.
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Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The reseach in this study focusses on how teachers express the forming of a role-identity amid historically disadvantage circumstances. The lense used to highlight and understand the underlying relationship between role-identity and school culture, is school context. The focus is on the biography and professional training of respondents in order to determine how teachers mediate their professional roles. We must understand teachers within the boundaries of a socio-cultural context, their biography and professional training. These factors, which contribute to the forming of role-identity, can negatively affect the receiving and implementation of policy. The assumption made by this study, is that there is a gap between transformation policies and school culture, which has an influence on the role of the teacher. A better understanding of teacher circumstances can inspire a multi-dimensional approach to teaching. The result was that my thesis tried to generate empirical evidence to understand teachers in under-privilege schools more fully. Teachers develop their self-identity within the framework of experience and expectations about themselves and their teaching. The professional identity of teachers consists of being skilled in subject area, level of training, preparedness and formal qualifications. Respondents construct their one-dimensional professional identity within an under-privilege context. The school climate hinders the simultaneous execution of the three roles that I refer to in this study. Some of the hindrance factors are the manner in which the school accepts the lack of learning area knowledge, racism and the abuse of contact time. Poor management and lack of community control, tolerates the shortcomings and one-dimensional approach of teachers. The study makes use of a theoretical framework, supported by literature. I used qualitative indepth-investigation for the collection of data. I used semi-structured interviews as an instrument to answer the research question and to achieve the proposed outcomes. I achieved my main finding by using empirical-interpretive techniques. The finding was that personal socialisation and professional training, together with contextual factors influence the foundation of teacher identity. The base identity is the foundation upon which teachers formulate their role-identity. My research shows how the respondents position themselves in relation to the prescribed teacher roles. Their identity forming takes places within the context of under-privilege circumstances, moral diffusion and transformation in education. I describe the construction of their conceptual space of role-identity. I furthermore present analyses of how the respondents form their role-identity. I base the most important finding of this study on one-dimensionality. Each of the selected teachers expresses their professional mediation of their roles within the context of a specific exposed school culture. The study shows the complex variations of this one-dimensionality amongst the four teachers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing in hierdie studie konsentreer op hoe onderwysers gestalte gee aan hulle identiteitsvorming te midde van histories benadeelde omstandighede. Skoolkonteks is die lens wat gebruik word om die onderliggende verwantskap tussen rol-identiteit en skoolkultuur te verstaan. Die fokus is op respondente se biografië en professionele opleiding ten einde vas te stel hoe hulle die voorgeskrewe onderwyserrolle medieër. Onderwysers moet verstaan word binne die grense van 'n sosio-kulturele konteks, hulle biografiese verhale en professionele opleiding. Hierdie faktore is bydraende aspekte wat 'n invloed het tydens die vorming van rol-identiteit, sowel as tydens die ontvang en implementering van beleide. Die aanname wat deur hierdie studie gemaak word, is dat daar 'n gaping tussen hervormingsbeleide en skoolkultuur bestaan wat die rol-identiteit van die onderwyser beїnvloed. 'n Beter begrip van onderwyser-omstandighede, kan 'n multi-dimensionele benadering tot onderwys inspireer. Gevolglik het my tesis gepoog om empiriese bewyse te genereer wat kan bydrae tot 'n vollediger begrip van onderwysers in minder-bevoorregte skole. Onderwysers ontwikkel 'n self-identiteit binne die raamwerk van ervarings en verwagtinge oor hulleself en hulle onderrig. Die professionele identiteit van die onderwyser bestaan uit vaardigheid op vakgebied, vlak van opleiding, voorbereiding en formele kwalifikasie. Binne die minder-bevoorregte konteks waarin hierdie respondente onderrig, konstrueer hulle 'n een-dimensionele professionele identiteit. Die skoolklimaat belemmer die gelyktydige uitvoering van veral die drie rolle waarna ek in hierdie studie verwys. Sommige van die belemmerende faktore waarna verwys word, is die skool se gelate aanvaarding van gebrek aan leerarea kennis, rasisme en die misbruik van onderrigtyd. Gebrekkige bestuur en gemeenskapsbeheer vergemaklik verder die onderwyser se tekortkominge en een-dimensionele benadering. My studie word onderskraag deur 'n teoretiese raamwerk wat met behulp van literatuurwerke saamgestel is. Die proses van data-insameling is met die hulp van 'n kwalitatiewe indiepte-ondersoek gedoen. Die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude wat gevoer was, het gedien as instrument ter beantwoording van die navorsingsvraag ten einde die beoogde doelstellings te bereik. My kern bevindinge het ek verkry vanuit empiriese-interpretatiewe tegnieke. Hiervolgens is bevind dat persoonlike sosialisering en professionele opleiding tesame met kontekstuele faktore, 'n invloed het op die samestelling van die identiteitsbasis van die onderwyser. Hierdie identiteitsbasis vorm die grondslag waarop onderwysers hulle rol-identiteit formuleer. My navorsing wys hoe die onderwysers in my studie hulleself posisioneer in verhouding tot hulle voorgeskrewe onderwyserrolle. Hulle identiteitsvorming geskied binne die konteks van minder-bevoorregte omstandighede, morele diffusie en onderwys transformasie. Ek beskryf hierdie konstruksie as hulle konseptuele ruimte van rol-identiteitsvorming. Verder bied hierdie studie 'n analise van hoe respondente hulle rol-identiteit vorm. Die vernaamste bevinding van hierdie studie is dat die geselekteerde onderwysers elk op 'n een-dimensionele basis uiting gee aan 'n professionele medieëring van hulle rolle binne hierdie skool se kultuur. Die studie wys die komplekse variasies van een-dimensionaliteit onder die vier onderwysers.
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Van, der Merwe Johanna Marié. "Volgehoue behandelingsgedrag van primêre gesondheidsdiens pasiënte in 'n voorheen benadeelde gemeenskap in die Wes-Kaap /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/282.
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Barbosa, Fabrício de Paula Farias. "Os Inteiros Gaussianos via Matrizes." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9321.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Our study aims to present a special category of numbers, the Gaussian integers, their properties and operations, have an overview about these numbers, their history and emergence. We will also study Gaussian prime numbers, their properties and application in matrix language representation of 2 x 2 type.
Nosso estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma categoria especial de números, os inteiros Gaussianos, suas propriedades e operações, ter uma visão geral sobre esses números, sua história e surgimento. Também estudaremos números primos Gaussianos, suas propriedades e aplicação com representação em linguagem matricial do tipo 2 x 2.
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Vermeulen, Cornelis Franz. "Senior primere leerlinge se begrip van sekere algemene getaleienskappe, met besondere verwysing na die distributiewe eienskap." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/69396.
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Number properties, amongst others the commutative, associative and distributive properties
and general rearrangement principles, form the building blocks of manipulative algebra.
Research and observation have shown that sec~mdary school pupils do not sufficiently
master manipulative algebra, i.e. they do not possess sufficient mastery towards the nature,
meaning, functionality and logic of algebraic manipulations. They are hence not aware that
algebraic manipulations are based on the number properties, on the one hand because they
were not given sufficient opportunity to experience algebra as generalised arithmetic when
they were introduced to algebra, and on the other hand because the number properties,
about which young children possess intuitive knowledge, were never explicated for them.
This study investigates the level of awareness of several number properties present in senior
primary (especially standard 3) pupils, and utilises a few activities to attempt to lead pupils
towards a higher level of awareness. In addition this study attempts to determine whether
pupils who follow the experimental primary mathematics curriculum (project pupils)
possess a higher level of awareness than pupils who follow the traditional curriculum (nonproject
pupils). As part of the latter effort, two investigation methods are utilised with
regards to specifically the distributive property, i.e. clinical interviews and questionnaires.
This also serves as part of a wider effort to design a measuring instrument with which
possible differences between the learning outcomes of project and non-project pupils can be
measured ..
From the results of this study, it seems to appear that the large majority of pupils are
explicitly aware of the commutative properties of addition and multiplication and the
general rearrangement principles, to a lesser extent with regards to a minus sign before
brackets, and that there does not exist a significant difference about the level of awareness
towards these properties between project and non-project pupils.
With regards to the distributive property, there appears to exist a considerable amount of
difference in the level of awareness between project and non-project pupils, the first
mentioned being the higher. However, the opinion is expressed that the level of awareness
among project pupils is not high enough, and that project pupils must be given sufficient
opportunity in (at least standards 4 and 5) to explicate this property for themselves.
Finally, a model of the levels of awareness, based on results of this study, is proposed.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Getaleienskappe, waaronder die kommutatiewe, assosiatiewe en distributiewe eienskappe en algemene herrangskikkingsbeginsels, vorm die boustene van manipulatiewe algebra. Navorsing en waarneming het aan die lig gebring dat hoerskoolleerlinge manipulatiewe algebra nie na behore beheers nie, dit wil se hulle beskik nie oor voldoende beheersing ten opsigte van die aard, betekenis, funksionalteit en logika van algebraise manipulasies nie. Hulle is dus nie daarvan bewus dat algebraiese manipulasies op die getaleienskappe berus nie, enersyds omdat hulle nie tydens die kennismaking met manipulatiewe algebra genoegsaam in die geleentheid gestel is om algebra as veralgemeende rekenkunde te ervaar nie, en andersyds omdat die getaleienskappe, waaroor jong kinders intuitiewe kennis besit, nooit vir hulle geeksplisiteer is nie. Hierdie studie stel ondersoek in na senior primere (hoofsaaklik standerd 3) leerlinge se vlak van bewustheid van enkele getaleienskappe, en benut enkele aktiwiteite om leerlinge na 'n hoer vlak van bewustheid daarvan te probeer lei. Hierbenewens word probeer om vas te stel of daar by leerlinge wat die eksperimentele primere wiskunde-kurrikulum volg (projekleerlinge) 'n hoer vlak van bewustheid aanwesig is as by leerlinge wat die tradisionele kurrikulum volg (nie-projekleerlinge). As· deel van laasgenoemde poging, word twee ondersoekmetod~s gevolg ten opsigte van spesifiek die distributiewe eienskap, naamlik kliniese onderhoude en vraelyste. Dit dien ook as deel van 'n breer poging om 'n meetinstrument te ontwerp waarmee moontlike verskille tussen die leeruitkomste van projek- en nie-projekleerlinge gemeet kan word. Dit wil uit die bevindinge van hierdie studie voorkom asof die oorgrote meerderheid leertinge eksplisiet bewus is van die kommutatiewe eienskappe ten opsigte van optelling en vermenigvuldiging en die algemene herrangskikkingsbeginsels, in 'n mindere mate ten opsigte van die minusteken voor hakies, en dat daar nie 'n noemenswaardige verskil in die vlak van bewustheid oor hierdie eienskappe by projek- en nie-projekleerlinge bestaan nie. Sover dit die distributiewe eienskap betref, lyk dit asof daar 'n redelike verskil in die vlak van bewustheid by projek- en nie-projekleerlinge is met eersgenoemde die hoogste. Tog word die mening uitgespreek dat die vlak van bewustheid by projekleerlinge nie hoog genoeg is nie, en dat hulle in minstens standerd 4 en 5 in die geleentheid gestel moet word om hierdie getaleienskap vir hulself te eksplisiteer.
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Alm, Charlotte, and Åsa Tornell. "Medveten närvaro och beteendeterapi vid behandling av primär insomni : Effekter på sömn, uppmärksamhet, oro och ruminering." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-15811.
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Uppmärksamhet/övervakning (monitoring) är en viktig komponent vid utvecklandet och vidmakthållandet av insomni. Genom medveten närvaro (MN) kan förmågan att rikta uppmärksamheten tränas upp. Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av MN och beteendeterapi (BT) vid behandling av primär insomni hos personer med hög uppmärksamhet/övervakning av sömnrelaterade stimuli. Behandlingens effekt på sömn och uppmärksamhet samt en eventuell sekundär effekt på oro och ruminering undersöktes. En single-subject design med en konstruktiv strategi användes och två behandlingar gavs, där hälften av deltagarna fick BT och hälften fick BT+MN. Resultaten visade att sömn, uppmärksamhet/övervakning och oro förbättrades av behandlingarna men obreoende av MN. För framtida forskning rekomenderas en utökad design för att undersöka effekten av MN vid behandling av insomni.People with insomnia attend to sleep-related stimuli during the day and night. The activity is called monitoring. In mindfulness (MN) attention plays a central part, and by practicing MN the ability to direct attention can be improved. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of MN and behavioral therapy (BT) when treating people with primary insomnia who tend to monitor sleep-related cues. The effect on sleep and monitoring was examined, as well as the secondary effect on worry and rumination. A single-subject design with a constructive strategy was used. Two different treatments were implemented and half of the participants were given BT and the other half BT+MN. Together the results showed that sleep, monitoring and worry improved, but independent of MN. A suggestion for future research is to extend the current design to further explore the effect of MN within the treatment of insomnia.
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Kouassi, Evrard Gaubys. "L'analyse structurelle de la prime dans le contrat d'assurance." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10001.
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Le contrat d'assurance occupe plus que jamais aujourd'hui, une place de choix dans notre vie. Cette culture de l'assurance qui s'installe dans les moindres actes de notre vie. Le monde ultra sécurisé vers lequel on s'achemine fait qu'on ne peut se passer du contrat d'assurance. En effet, s'est petit à petit insérée dans pratiquement tous les domaines de notre existence la question de l'assurance : pour les loyers impayés au profit des bailleurs, pour la perte de bagage, de papiers, de cartes bancaires, pour la santé, pour l'annulation de voyage etc. L'assurance est tellement implantée dans notre quotidien que payer aujourd'hui une prime d'assurance pour se prémunir contre un évènement redouté semble être devenu normal. On paie la prime sans forcément se soucier de ses véritables enjeux, de ses effets dans le mécanisme contractuel, de son rôle dans la relation contractuelle entre le souscripteur et l'assureur. Faut-il le préciser, nombreuses sont les thèses qui ont été écrites en droit des assurances, mais très peu sont celles qui se sont intéressées de manière approfondie à la prime d'assurance, qui cependant, constitue un élément fondamental de ce contrat. Cette thèse a ainsi pour but de placer la prime d'assurance au cœur du mécanisme contractuel, de lui conférer en quelque sorte son véritable statut à travers une rigoureuse démonstration juridiqueThe insurance contract occupies now more than ever, a predominant place in our lives. This insurance culture fits into the smallest acts of our lives. As a matter of fact, it is becoming very difficult to deal without an insurance contract in this ultra-secure world toward which we are heading. Indeed, the question of insurance is gradually developing in almost all areas of our existence: from unpaid rent to the lease giver, to the loss of luggage, files, credit cards; from health matters to trip cancellation etc. Insurance is so implanted in our daily lives that paying an insurance premium to shield from a feared event seem to be the norm. We pay the premium without necessarily worrying about its real issues and consequences in the contractual mechanism; its role in the contractual relationship between the policyholder and the insurer. As we may recall, there have been many written theories in insurance law, but very few are those who are interested in the insurance premium which is, however, an essential element, if not an indispensable one in the insurance contract. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to position the insurance premium in the heart of the contractual mechanism, to bestow somehow its true nobility
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Lassas, Anna. ""LIA eller morfin spinalt vid primär total höftplastik". : en långtidsuppföljning av effekter för postoperativ smärta och mobilisering." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5182.
Full textAbstract:
Vid operation av primär total höftplastik finns det olika metoder för postoperativ smärtlindring. En tidigare genomförd studie på ett mellansvenskt sjukhus (nedan kallad ”höftprojektet”) visade att ”Local infiltration analgesia” (LIA) initialt minskade postoperativ smärta, underlättade mobilisering samt förkortade vårdtiden, jämfört med spinalt morfin. I denna studie genomfördes en långtidsuppföljning av höftprojektet med mätningar efter 6 respektive 12 veckor. Studiegruppen hade fått LIA vid operationsslutet och kontrollgruppen spinalt morfin. Båda grupperna hade en spinal bedövning under operationen. Denna långtidsuppföljning genomfördes med hjälp av journalgranskning och hade en deskriptiv och jämförande design med en kvantitativ ansats. Studiegruppen bestod av 40 patienter och kontrollgruppen 11 patienter. Studerade variabler var smärta mätt genom Visuell Analog Skala (VAS), behov av analgetika och mobilisering. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad mellan de båda grupperna när det gäller mobilisering under ett längre perspektiv. Det fanns dock en signifikant skillnad när det gäller smärta efter 3 månader, då studiegruppen uppgav en lägre grad av smärta än kontrollgruppen.
There are several methods for postoperative pain treatment after primary total hip replacement. It was shown in a earlier study at a Swedish hospital (below named as "the hip project") that "Local infiltration analgesia" (LIA) decreased pain, facilitated early postoperative mobility and earlier discharge from the hospital, compared with spinally administered morphine. Present study is a long term follow up of the hip project with two measures at 6 and 12 weeks. The study group was given LIA towards the end of the operation while the control group were given spinal morphine at the induction. Both groups had spinal analgesia during the surgery. The long term follow up was conducted by a comparative design and the data was collected from the patient’s charts and files. The variables were pain measured by Visual Analogous Scale (VAS), need of pain relieves and general mobility. The study group contained of 40 patients and the control group of 11. The result relived no significant differences between the two groups regarding long term mobility. There was, however, a significant difference in pain after 12 weeks; the study group had less pain that the control group.
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Mustafa, Lorin. "Är kombinationsbehandling med levotyroxin och liotyronin ett bättre alternativ än behandling med enbart levotyroxin vid primär hypotyreos?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95812.
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Bakgrund: Kroppens ämnesomsättning regleras av den endokrina körteln glandula thyreoidea som sitter på framsidan av halsen. Körtelvävnaden består av ett stort antal mikroskopiska hålrum; folliklar. I follikelcellerna produceras två viktiga hormoner; tyroxin och trijodtyronin. Dessa hormon styr många funktioner i kroppen bland annat upprätthåller de en normal ämnesomsättningen i varje cell i kroppen. Tillståndet då produktionen av dess hormoner inte möter kroppens behov kallas för hypotyreos. Vid denna underfunktion i thyreoidea går kroppen på lågvarv, cellaktiviteten och ämnesomsättningshastigheten i kroppen sjunker. Idag är levotyroxin den rekommenderade förstahandsbehandlingen mot hypotyreos. En andel patienter blir inte hjälpta av standardbehandlingen trots välinställda doser av levotyroxin och tillfredsställande koncentrationer i blodprover. Därför kan det vara motiverat för dessa patienter att pröva en kombinationsbehandling med tillägg av liothyronin. Kombinationsbehandlingen tros kunna uppnå en mer fysiologisk effekt, eftersom behandlingen då efterliknar den normala thyreoideautsöndringen. Syfte: att undersöka om behandlingen av primär hypotyreos blir mer effektiv om liothyronin ges som ett komplement till nuvarande standardbehandling med enbart levotyroxin. Metod: En litteraturstudie av fem vetenskapliga artiklar gjordes i databasen PubMed. Sökorden som användes var ”hypothyroidism”, ”levothyroxine”, ”liothyronine” och ”combination”. Artiklar granskades och användes som underlag för detta examensarbete. Resultat: I samtliga fem undersökta studier sjönk tyroxinkoncentrationen i kombinationsbehandlingen jämfört med monobehandlingen. I studie ett var preferens för studiebehandling störst i kombinationsbehandlingen. Resultaten från studie två visade gynnsamma effekter på 7 av 11 QOL och depression-parametrar vid kombinationsbehandlingen. I samma studie sågs även en placeboeffekt på 10 av 11 parametrar vid monobehandlingen. Studie tre och fem påvisade inga större skillnader mellan behandlingarna. I studie fyra var det totala- och LDLkolesterolnivåer signifikant lägre i kombinationsbehandlingen jämfört med monobehandlingen. Slutsats: Resultaten från studierna var varierande gällande fördelarna av kombinationsbehandling jämfört med monobehandlingen. Inga tydliga mönster avseende på fördelar med kombinationsbehandling observerades eller var tillräckligt starka genom studierna. Variationen kan bero på flera faktorer, det kan troligen bero på att patienterna var olika sjuk i studierna samt att studierna använde sig av olika mätningssystem för att mäta resultaten. Det krävs fler och större studier med längre uppföljningstid som kan fastställa styrkan av kombinationsbehandlingen gentemot monobehandlingen för att kunna dra generella slutsatser om att det finns en fördel med kombinationsbehandlingen framför monobehandlingen.
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Lujan, Maria Lucia S. "A geometria da 1a serie do 1o grau : um trabalho na perspectiva de Van Hiele." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253329.
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Orientador: Lucila Diehl Tolaine FiniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T07:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lujan_MariaLuciaS_M.pdf: 10073307 bytes, checksum: bae5592f3cbc3594c472c171d14176fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como fundamento o modelo de desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico de van Hiele e apoiou-se na Psicologia Genética de Piaget. Foram investigadas algumas atividades geométricas em alunos em início de escolarização. Utilizou-se, para isso, materiais não industrializados e confeccionados especialmente para este trabalho. Foram sujeitos desta pesquisa 44 crianças da 12 série do 1 Q grau de uma escola da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo, que constituíram o grupo experimental e o grupo de controle. Esses sujeitos foram submetidos ao pré-teste, intervenção pedagógica e pós-teste. Os resultados indicaram que os sujeitos do grupo experimental, e que foram submetidos a um trabalho de intervenção pedagógica, apresentaram um desempenho significativamente melhor no pós-teste que o grupo de controle que não participou do trabalho de intervenção pedagógica. A pesquisa mostrou, também, que alunos de 1º série, podem adquirir conceitos geométricos, como os estudados nesta pesquisa, se a proposta de trabalho pedagógico for condizente ao nível cognitivo dos educandos
Abstract: This research had as basis the geometric thought development model of van Hiele and was assisted by the Piaget's genetic psychology. A few geometrical activities of students in the elementary school were investigated. For this purpose non-industrialized materials were used and made specially for this work. For this research 44 children first graders (elementary school) from an official school of the São Paulo State formed the experimental and the control groups. Those students were submitted to an initial test, pedagogical intervention and a post test. The results indicated that the students from the experimental group, who were submitted to pedagogical intervention, presented a significantly better performance in the post test than the control group, who did not participate of the pedagogical intervention. This research has also shown that students of the first grade of the elementary school can acquire geometrical concepts, as those used in this work, only if the proposed pedagogical work was adequate for their cognitive level
Mestrado
Educação Matematica
Mestre em Educação
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Terblanche, Hester Helena. "Die belewenisse en sosio-emosionele behoeftes van familielede as primere VIGS-versorgers binne 'n ekologiese perspektief : 'n kwalitatiewe studie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95929.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to a lack of research, which, in turn, resulted in a shortage of applicable literature that focused on the experiences and socio-emotional needs of family members as carers of AIDS-patients, the researcher decided to undertake this research project. The aim of this was to investigate the experiences and socio-emotional needs of family members as AIDS care givers. To lead the research, the researcher made use of a qualitative research approach. Attention was also given to the description of HIV/AIDS, as well as the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. The impact of HIV/AIDS was also given attention, and it was done from an ecological perspective. Within the qualitative research paradigm a phenomenological, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was utilised. The boundaries for data collection were delineated to the George area. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members who acted as primary care givers of AIDS-patients who were recruited by means of purposive sampling and the snowball sampling technique. The data collected were analysed according to the steps for qualitative data analysis as proposed by Tesch (in Cresswell, 1994). To ensure the trustworthiness of the research findings, data verification was executed according to Guba’s model (in Krefting, 1991). The following twelve themes emanated from the process of data analysis: - Knowledge of the disease - Caring for people with AIDS - Risky behaviour - Other people’s reactions - Care givers’ feelings and reactions - Support that was received with the care giving - Effect of the care giving on the relationship between the care giver and the patient - Changes in the care givers’ life because of the care giving of AIDS patients - Experiences regarding the dying process - Needs regarding the caring of the patient - Services that are needed - Advice from the participants to other family members as AIDS care givers. The following recommendations were made based on the conclusions derived from the research findings: Information sessions by Social Workers in collaboration with the different clinics on certain days; a community based project to recruit volunteers to support family care givers on a regular basis; look at facilities, like old age homes and hospices, that can give respite for a week to three weeks; connect family care givers to support groups in the community; make use of the media to give information regarding HIV/AIDS to the broader community; a centralized food and clothes bank from which care givers can draw affordable food and clothes. An application for funding can be done at the Department of Social Development or the Department of Health. Another recommendation that is made is to investigate the possibility of a community based project that provides cleaning and washing services to family members as care givers, as well as the patients. This can even become a job creation project. Other recommendations are: to investigate an alternative form of transport that is wheelchair accessible and patient friendly; to train home based carers to help family members as AIDS care givers; to train home based carers to be of assistance with counseling of patients with regard to their medication; to train home based carers as AIDS care givers to help family members to reach out to other support services or groups; that care givers should be careful about expectations of other people and that they should be confident enough to verbalize their expectations; that Social Workers should investigate if the family member, as AIDS care giver, as well as the patient, gets the necessary support on all levels of the ecological perspective, and if not, he/she must look at ancillary sources and mobilize it to give support to the family care giver as well as to the patient; that professionals need to keep in mind the advice the participants was given to other family members as care givers when they are working with these families. A recommendation was also made to do a follow-up research on the same topic in the White, Indian and Black communities and especially that further emphasis should be placed on their needs, as participation by this population groups were scarce or could not be obtained at all.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weens ‘n gebrek aan navorsing, en gevolglik ook aan literatuur rakende die belewenisse en sosio-emosionele behoeftes van familielede as primêre VIGS-versorgers, het die navorser besluit om hierdie navorsingsprojek te onderneem. Die doel hiermee was om die belewenisse en sosio-emosionele behoeftes van familielede as primêre VIGS-versorgers te verken en te beskryf. Om die navorsing te rig, is ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering vir die doel gebruik. Aandag is ook gegee aan die beskrywing en voorkoms van MIV/VIGS, asook die voorkoming en behandeling van MIV/VIGS. Die impak van MIV/VIGS is ook breedvoerig bespreek en is dit vanuit ‘n ekologiese perspektief gedoen. Binne die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is daar van ‘n fenomenologiese, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp gebruik gemaak. Die grense vir data-insameling het binne die George-area geval. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met familielede wat as primêre VIGS-versorgers optree, en wat deur middel van ‘n doelgerigte steekproeftrekking en die sneeubaltegniek vir deelname aan die navorsing gewerf is. Die ingesamelde data is ontleed aan die hand van die agt stappe van kwalitatiewe data-ontleding van Tesch soos uiteengesit in Creswell (1994). Guba se model soos dit in Krefting (1991:214-221) uiteengesit is, is gebruik om die vertrouenswaardigheid van die navorsingsdata te verifieer. Twaalf temas het na aanleiding van die prosesse van data-ontleding na vore gekom, naamlik: - Kennis van die siektetoestand - Versorging van VIGS-lyers - Risiko-gedrag - Ander mense se reaksie - Versorger se gevoelens en reaksies - Ondersteuning wat ontvang is met die versorging - Effek van pasiënt se versorging op die verhouding tussen versorger en pasiënt - Verandering van versorger se lewe as gevolg van die versorging van die VIGS-lyer - Belewenisse ten op sigte van die sterwensproses - Behoeftes ten opsigte van die versorging van die pasiënt - Dienste wat benodig word - Raad deur deelnemers aan ander familielede as VIGS-versorgers. Voortspruitend uit die navorsingsbevindinge, is tot sekere gevolgtrekkings gekom waaruit die volgende aanbevelings gemaak is: dat inligtingsessies deur maatskaplike werkers in samewerking met die verskillende klinieke op sekere dae gehou sal word; dat ‘n gemeenskapsprojek van stapel gestuur word om vrywilligers te werf wat op ‘n gereelde basis aan VIGS-versorgers ondersteuning bied; dat daar gekyk word na respite by ouetehuise of ‘n hospice vir ‘n tydperk van ongeveer drie weke om aan versorgers ‘n ruskans te gee; dat versorgers betrek word by ondersteuningsgroepe in die gemeenskap; dat die media gebruik word om inligting oor VIGS aan die breë gemeenskap deur te gee; dat aandag gegee word aan ‘n gesentraliseerde voedsel- en klerebank waarvandaan versorgers voorraad kan onttrek. Aansoek vir befondsing kan gedoen word by Departement Maatskaplike Ontwikkeling of Departement Gesondheid. Verdere aanbevelings wat gemaak kan word, is: dat ‘n gemeenskapsprojek van stapel gestuur word om skoonmaakdienste en hulp met wasgoed was tot die beskikking van die VIGS-versorger te stel wat selfs as ‘n werkskeppingsprojek begin kan word; dat ‘n alternatiewe vorm van vervoer wat deur die familielid en pasiënt benut kan word, en wat geskik is vir pasiënt vervoer, ondersoek sal word; dat opleiding van tuisversorgers as hulp vir familielede as VIGS-versorgers aandag sal kry; dat opleiding van tuisversorgers om behulpsaam te wees met berading van pasiënte rakende hulle medikasie dringende aandag sal geniet; dat familielede as VIGS-versorgers uitreik na ander ondersteuningsbronne vir hulp; dat versorgers versigtig sal wees ten opsigte van verwagtinge van ander, maar dat hulle ook vrymoedigheid sal neem om hulle verwagtinge te verbaliseer; dat die maatskaplike werker sal ondersoek instel of die familielid as primêre VIGS-versorger, sowel as die pasiënt, vanuit al die vlakke van die ekologiese perspektief die nodige ondersteuning geniet, en indien nie, moet daar gekyk word na hulpbronne en dit moet gemobiliseer word ten einde hierdie noodsaaklike ondersteuning te bied; dat die raad wat deur die deelnemers aan die navorsing aan ander familielede as VIGS-versorgers voorsien is, in gedagte gehou sal word wanneer met hierdie families gewerk word. ‘n Aanbeveling is ook gemaak dat opvolg navorsing oor dieselfde onderwerp gedoen word onder die Wit, Indiër en Swart gemeenskappe, en dat veral klem gelê word op hulle behoeftes, aangesien deelname vanuit hierdie bevolkingsgroepe skraal was, of glad nie bekom kon word nie.
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Jara, Pereda Luz María. "Niveles de razonamiento según el modelo de Van Hiele que alcanzan los estudiantes del primer año de secundaria al abordar actividades sobre paralelogramos." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6611.
Full textAbstract:
En el presente trabajo se muestra de qué manera se pueden adaptar los niveles de razonamiento
geométrico, propuesto por el modelo de Van Hiele, para un tópico específico: los paralelogramos. La
validez de dicha propuesta se realiza ilustrando de qué manera se pueden reconocer en las respuestas
de las estudiantes algunas de las características específicas definidas para cada nivel.
En consecuencia, nuestro trabajo de investigación debe responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué nivel
de razonamiento respecto al objeto paralelogramos evidencian los estudiantes de primer año
de secundaria al aplicar una secuencia de actividades basada en el modelo van Hiele?
La metodología empleada en el trabajo será de corte cualitativo y se considerará tres momentos:
descripción de la actividad, análisis de la actividad y la interpretación de los resultados.Tesis
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Nieto, Espinet Ariadna. "Entre el consum i l'afecte. La interacció entre els animals i les comunitats protohistòriques de la plana occidental catalana (segles VII - IV a.C)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96488.
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La disciplina arqueofaunística ha permès a extreure tot un seguit de dades a partir de l'estudi de les restes òssies animals procedents de diversos jaciments protohistòrics de la plana occidental catalana. La gestió dels resultats a comportat la caracterització de: els models de producció ramadera de les espècies domèstiques; els patrons en les activitats cinegètiques; les pautes de consum alimentari de base animal i les pràctiques de caràcter no subsistencial, posant un especial èmfasi en els conjunts procedents de la fortalesa dels Vilars (Arbeca, les Garrigues). Malgrat que aquest jaciment és el que ha fornit un corpus més important de dades, el present estudi ha ofert una visió diacrònica tant a nivell espacial com cronològic. A través de la seva inclusió en un projecte molt més ampli (HUM2006-06384: Las transformaciones sociales a través de los espacios de la vida y la muerte en el noroeste del Mediterráneo durante el III y I milenios ANE), centrat en l'origen i formació de les societats complexes a la zona, els resultats han aportat noves dades i indicadors que han permès perfilar i implementar el model d'evolució socioeconòmica proposat per a la zona de la plana occidental catalana, des del Bronze final fins a l'ibèric PleLa disciplina arqueofaunística ha permitido extraer diversos datos a partir del estudio de los restos oseos animales procedentes de diversos yacimientos protohistóricos de la plana occidental catalana. La gestión de los resultados a comportado la caracterización de: los modelos de producción ganadera de las especies domésticas; los patrones de en las actividades cinegéticas; los patrones de consumo alimentario de base animal; y las practicas de carácter no subsistencial, poniendo un especial énfasis en los conjuntos procedentes de la fortalesa dels Vilars (Arbeca, les Garrigues). Aun que este yacimiento haya proporcionado un corpus mas importante de datos, el presente estudio ha ofrecido una visión diacrónica a nivel espacial y cronológica. A través de su inclusión en un proyecto mucho mas amplio (HUM2006-06384: Las transformaciones sociales a través de los espacios de la vida y la muerte en el noroeste del Mediterráneo durante el III y I milenios ANE), centrado en el origen y formación de las sociedades complejas a la zona, los resultados han aportado nuevos datos e indicadores que han permitido perfilar y implementar el modelo de evolución socioeconómica propuesto para la zona de la plana occidental catalana, des el Bronce final hasta el ibérico Pleno.
The archaeozoological discipline has allowed to extract different data from the study of animal bone remains proceeding from different sites of the western plain of Catalonia. The treatement of the results made possible the characterization of : i) livestock production models of domestic species, ii) the patterns of hunting activities, iii) the patterns of meat supplying and consumption, iv) non-subsistence practices, with special emphasis on the sets from the Fortress dels Vilars (Arbeca, Garrigues). Although this site has provided a most important corpus of data, this study has offered a diachronic spatial and chronological perspective. Taking part of a much broader project ((HUM2006-06384: Las transformaciones sociales a través de los espacios de la vida y la muerte en el noroeste del Mediterráneo durante el III y I milenios ANE) focused on the origin and formation of complex societies in the area, the results provided new data and evidence that have precised and completed the socio-economic development pattern proposed for the western plain of Catalonia, from the Bronze Age to the Iberian Period.
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Van, der Lith Sarel Petrus. "'n Prinsipiële ondersoek na ouerbetrokkenheid op mikro-onderwysvlak in die blanke primere skool in Suid-Afrika / Sarel Petrus van der Lith." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8385.
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The prime purpose of this research was aimed at a fundamental investigation of parental involvement on the micro-educational level in white primary schools in South Africa. In this research an attempt was made to learn about parental involvement from the past – especially the first cultures of Western civilization (Greeks, Romans, early Christians, Middle Ages and Reformation era). Furthermore, parental involvement was investigated on micro-educational level in America and South Africa by means of four essentials. The parent’s claim to have a say in the child’s education, is based on the fact that he carries the primary responsibility for his child’s education. This responsibility is natural and not a man-made institution. The Christian parent undertook to bear the responsibility of his child’s education, when this child was christened – therefore he regards this responsibility in a far more serious light. Studying the past from a fundamental educational viewpoint, the writer attempted to establish the connection between parental involvement on micro-educational level in the Ancient World, and the present (1991). The four essentials of education were taken into account, namely: unconditional acceptance, availability of the parents, creating a home where the child is free from care and feels secure, and the parents as the bearers of culture. A study of the literature revealed that parental involvement in different countries and eras has differed considerably in practice, but in principle has shown many similarities. A distinctive feature of both the Greek and the Roman societies was, that they experienced both extremes. The people of Athens and the old Roman civilication had close-knit family lives and respected their children. On the other hand, the children of the Spartans and Greek-Romans did not have a specific place in their educational programme.
During the eras of early Christianity and the Reformation, parents became directly involved in practical and religious activities. Close family ties and the uniqueness of the child became very important. This was a far cry from practices in the Middle Ages.
The socio-economical, political and cultural conditions in the history of America and South Africa created the opportunity that active parental involvement could unfold. In America parent-teacher associations (PTA) have made important contributions, while in South Africa parental involvement has gradually diminished to the level where they have little or no active participation in the education of their children.
The results of the empirical research indicate that certain aspects of parental involvement on micro-educational level are satisfactory. That includes positive financial contributions, aid rendered at school functions and allowing time for their children. There are, however, certain areas that still need attention, such as cultural contributions made by parents, and discernible evidence of their Christian view of life.
In order to make parental involvement truly effective on a micro-educational level, the existing opportunities should be fully utilized, because comprehensive involvement of dedicated parents is of the utmost importance. It is essential that there should be continuous adaptations to innovative and changed circumstances.Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1992
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Popeijus, Herman Leendert. "Het onderwijsaanbod, van wet tot keuze een onderzoek naar het beslissingsproces voor de keuze van een onderwijsaanbod voor begrijpend lezen op scholen in het primair onderwijs in Nederland en Vlaanderen /." Nijmegen : Popeijus, 2003. http://doc.utwente.nl/55979.
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Östblom, Desirée, and Emma Sjölander. "Kartläggning av och skillnader i postoperativa restriktioner vid primär total höftplastik utfört med direktlateralt snitt hos utförande sjukhus i Sverige." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysioterapi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351793.
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Bakgrund: Primär total höftplastik utförs vanligtvis på patienter med höftledsartros när konservativ behandlings smärtlindrande effekter inte är tillräckliga. Efter ingreppet kan postoperativa rörelserestriktioner tillämpas för att minska luxationsrisken. Rörelserestriktionerna har emellertid ifrågasatts då studier visat att något samband mellan tillämpande av restriktioner och minskad risk för luxation inte föreligger. Syfte: Kartlägga tillämpande av postoperativa rörelserestriktioner vid svenska sjukhus som genomför primär total höftplastik med direktlateralt snitt samt undersöka skillnader mellan universitets-/regionsjukhus, länssjukhus, länsdelssjukhus och privatsjukhus avseende tillämpandet av restriktioner. Studien syftade även till att kartlägga icke-standardiserade restriktioner. Metod: Tvärsnittsstudie med en deskriptiv och komparativ studiedesign. Totalt svarade 42 sjukhus på en egenkonstruerad webbenkät som utgjorde underlaget för datainsamlingen. Resultat: Vilka postoperativa restriktioner som tillämpades för flexion över 90°, utåtrotation över 45°, inåtrotation över 45°, adduktion över neutralläge samt flexion över 90° kombinerat med samtidig rotation och adduktion varierade på de deltagande sjukhusen. Det förelåg inga signifikanta skillnader mellan sjukhusgrupperna gällande nämnda rörelser. Flera sjukhus tillämpade icke-standardiserade restriktioner baserade på patients individuella förutsättningar samt kunde variera beroende på protestyp. Även rekommendationer om att undvika extrema rörelser förekom. Konklusion: Det är en variation gällande vilka restriktioner som tillämpas efter primär total höftplastik. Med hänsyn till denna studies resultat samt aktuell evidens bör postoperativa restriktioner fortsatt diskuteras.Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly performed on patients with hip osteoarthritis when conservative treatment no longer reliefs pain sufficiently. Movement restrictions are applied to prevent hip dislocations, although those have recently been questioned since studies have shown that a liberal regimen does not increase the risk of hip dislocation. Purpose: To chart movement restrictions following THA performed with a direct lateral approach at Swedish hospitals and analyzes differences in those between university hospital, county hospitals, district hospitals and private hospitals. This study also aimed to chart non- standardized movement restrictions. Method: A cross-sectional study with a descriptive and comparative design. Data was collected from a self-made web survey, which was answered by 42 hospitals. Results: The appliance of restrictions regarding flexion beyond 90°, external rotation beyond 45°, internal rotation beyond 45°, adduction beyond centerline and flexion of 90° or beyond combined with adduction and rotation varied among the participating hospitals. There were no significant differences between participating hospital groups regarding mentioned movements. Non-standardized restrictions were influenced by the individual factors of the patient as well as the prosthesis type. Patients were also recommended to not perform any extreme movements. Conclusion: There is a variation regarding appliance of postoperative restrictions during the first six weeks postoperatively. In the light of the results of this study, together with recent evidence postoperative, restrictions should be further discussed.
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Nilsson, Susanne, and Madeleine Rydin. "Patientens hälsokompetens kring risken att utveckla kardiovaskulär sjukdom vid ohälsosam livsstil och primär hypertoni : en enkätstudie av patienter i primärvården." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2954.
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I Sverige har cirka 2 miljoner människor diagnosen hypertoni och det är den folksjukdom som ligger bakom cirka 30 000 fall av stroke och lika många hjärtinfarkter varje år. En ökning av personer med sjukdomen hypertoni ses i världen vilket beror på att världens befolkning och den åldrande befolkningen ökar. Hypertoni beror på funktionella kärlförändringar i artärväggen som leder till en stelhet. Denna stelhet är resultatet av flera faktorer såsom förhöjda blodfetter, rökning, diabetes, åldern, alkoholvanor och övrig livsstil. Vid hypertoni är risken stor för att utveckla kardiovaskulär sjukdom som stroke, hjärtsvikt, kranskärls- och njursjukdom. Hypertoni är även den enskilt största behandlingsbara riskfaktorn för kardiovaskulär sjukdom. Förändring av livsstil är grunden i behandlingen, men flertalet individer behöver också behandlas med läkemedel. För att uppnå detta krävs hälsokompetens hos patienten och ett personcentrerat arbetssätt hos vårdpersonal Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka patientens hälsokompetens kring risken att utveckla kardiovaskulär sjukdom vid ohälsosam livsstil och primär hypertoni. En frågeställning skapades för att se om det fanns skillnader mellan könen. Metod: Metoden var en empirisk deskriptiv icke experimentell tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Författarna valde att göra en enkätstudie på 50 stycken patienter som fått diagnosen primär hypertoni mellan åren 2014-2017 på en vårdcentral i södra Sverige. Resultat: Det framkommer att en viss del av deltagarna får information om livsstilsförändringar gällande kostvanor, rökning, alkoholvanor och fysisk aktivitet och dess betydelse vid diagnosen hypertoni. Det framkommer även att de gjort förändringar utifrån detta. Dock är det långt ifrån alla som får information och gör ändringar och skillnader mellan män och kvinnor kan ses. Slutsats: Ett medvetandegörande om patientens hälsokompetens och ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt hos vårdpersonal i det primärpreventiva arbetet med livsstilsförändringar anser författarna är av största vikt. Detta för att hjälpa patienten till egenvård av sin primära hypertoni, vilket på sikt minskar risken för kardiovaskulär sjukdom, främjar hälsa och samhällets ekonomi.Approximately 2 million people in Sweden are diagnosed with hypertension, which is a public health disease that is estimated to cause 30, 000 cases of stroke and myocardial infarction every year. An overall growing and aging population in the world is the cause of the increase in the numbers of people diagnosed with hypertension in the world. Hypertension is caused by functional changes in the arterial wall which causes a stiffness in the vessel. This stiffness is a result of factors such as dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, age, consumption of alcohol and other lifestyle factors. People with hypertension have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, heart failure, coronary arterial disease and kidney disease. Hypertension is also the greatest treatable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle changes is the cornerstone in the treatment of hypertension, however many individuals may also need drug therapy. For the individual to achieve lifestyle changes, the patient needs a high level of health literacy and a person centred approach from health care professionals are needed Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the patient’s health literacy relating to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease with an unhealthy lifestyle in combination with essential hypertension. A question formulation was constructed as a compliment to the aim of the study with the purpose of identifying possible differences between the sexes. Method: The method was an empirical descriptive non experimental cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The authors choose to conduct the study by handing out 50 questionnaires to patients diagnosed with essential hypertension between the years 2014-2017 at a public health office in southern part of Sweden. Result: Participants received information regarding lifestyle changes such as eating habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity and their importance when diagnosed with hypertension. The results also showed that the participants made changes regarding this. However not all participants got information or made changes and a differences between men and women could be seen. Conclusion: Making health care professionals conscious of the patient’s health literacy while maintaining a person centred approach in the primary preventive care, which is focusing on lifestyle changes, is of utmost importance. It is essential to enable the patient’s self care regarding their essential hypertension, which further reduces the risk to develop cardiovascular disease, promotes health and benefits the economy of the society.
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Sghaier, Nadia. "Les cycles de souscription en assurance non vie : Étude de la dynamique du ratio combiné et des déterminants des primes." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100046.
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Malgré le nombre considérable des travaux théoriques et empiriques visant à analyser les cycles de souscription en assurance non vie. Aucune conclusion claire et unique ne semble ressortir. L’absence de consensus nous a semblé découler de l’insuffisance de la modélisation linéaire adaptée et de l’oubli des propriétés de cointégration appliquées aussi bien dans le cadre des séries temporelles que des données de panels. Cette thèse s’est alors attachée à réexaminer les cycles de souscription tout en mettant l’accent sur la dynamique du ratio combiné et sur les déterminants des primes pour le cas de la France et pour d’autres pays. Dans le premier chapitre, nous avons présenté une revue de la littérature sur le sujet. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons analysé les cycles de souscription et les déterminants des primes pour le secteur agrégé français en faisant appel à l’économétrie des séries temporelles non linéaires. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous avons eu recours aux développements récents de l’économétrie des données de panel en tenant compte de la non stationnarité et de la non linéarité, d’une part, pour mener une analyse désagrégée par ligne française des cycles de souscription et des déterminants des primes et, d’autre part, pour effectuer une analyse comparative des déterminants des primes dans un cadre international. Les résultats obtenus pour le secteur agrégé français nous ont conduit à conclure que le phénomène cyclique a disparu en France dès 1989 et que la dynamique du ratio combiné est plutôt modélisée par un modèle de régression à transition lisse (STR). La tarification des primes semble changer à partir de 1985 et le taux de croissance des primes paraît représenté par un modèle à correction d’erreur à transition lisse (STECM). Ensuite, l’estimation des panels statiques et dynamiques nous a permis de détecter des similitudes quant à la dynamique des ratios combinés des lignes de l’assurance non vie. De même, l’estimation des relations de cointégration sur données panel nous a permis de dégager des différences quant aux déterminants des primes des lignes de l’assurance non vie. Enfin, l’analyse comparative par pays a montré que les taux de croissance des primes des pays sont reproduits par un modèle à correction d’erreur à transition lisse sur données de panel (PSTECM)Despite the considerable number of theoretical and empirical studies analyzing the underwriting cycles in non life insurance. No clear conclusion and only seems to highlight. The lack of consensus seemed to us arise from the lack of suitable linear modelling and forgetting the properties of cointegration applied both in the context time series and panel data. This thesis was then attached to review the underwriting cycles while focusing on the dynamics of the combined ratio and the determinants of premiums for the case of France and for other countries. In the first chapter, we presented a review of the literature on the subject. In the second chapter, we analyzed the underwriting cycle and the determinants of premiums for the aggregate sector in French using the econometrics of nonlinear time series. In the third chapter, we applied the recent developments in the econometrics of panel data taking into account the non stationary and the nonlinearity, firstly, to conduct a disaggregated analysis by French line of the underwriting cycle and the determinants of premiums and, secondly, to carry out a comparative analysis of the determinants of premiums in an international framework. The obtained results for the aggregated sector French led us to conclude that the cyclical phenomenon disappeared in France since 1989 and that the dynamics of the combined ratio is rather modelled by a smooth transition regression model (STR). The pricing of the premiums seems to change from 1985 and the rate of growth of premium appears to be represented by a smooth transition error correction model (STECM). Then the estimation of the static and the dynamic panels allowed us to detect similaritires in the dynamics of the combined ratios of the lines of the non life insurance. Similarly, the estimation of cointegration relations in panel data allowed us to identify differences in the determinants of the premiums lines of the non life insurance. Finally, the comparative analysis by country showed that the rate of growth of the premiums of the countries are reproduced by a panel smooth transition error correction panel data (PSTECM)
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Karlsson, Molly. "En kombination av Ca2+-antagonister och ACE-hämmare ger en mer effektiv blodtryckssänkning i jämförelse med monoterapi vid primär hypertoni." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96708.
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Sammanfattning Introduktion: Hypertoni utgör en stor riskfaktor som kraftigt ökar risken att drabbas av kardiovaskulär sjukdom, en av världens ledande dödsorsaker idag. Två av förstahandsvalen vid farmakologisk behandling av hypertoni är Ca2+-antagonister och ACE-hämmare. Ca2+-antagonister ger kärldilatation med effekten sänkt blodtryck genom att få den glatta muskulaturen runt artärer och arterioler att relaxera. ACE-hämmare verkar genom att påverka kroppens renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-system (RAAS) genom att inhibera ett viktigt enzym som deltar i RAAS-processen. Resultatet blir utebliven vasokonstriktion samt minskad Na+-retention, vilket medför blodtryckssänkning. I Sverige bestäms behandlingsplan utefter patientens riskprofil, där en låg risk för kardiovaskulär sjukdom med samtidig mild hypertoni medför initial icke-farmakologisk behandling som övergår i monoterapi vid utebliven effekt, medan högre risk med samtidig måttlig eller svår hypertoni medför initial kombinationsterapi. Syfte och metod: Syftet var att undersöka effektiviteten hos Ca2+-antagonister och ACE-hämmare som monoterapi eller kombinationsterapi vid farmakologisk behandling av primär hypertoni. Examensarbetet utformades som en litteraturstudie för att besvara frågeställningen. Databasen PubMed nyttjades för att finna fem randomiserade och kontrollerade studier som jämförde kombinationsterapi och monoterapi med Ca2+-antagonister och ACE-hämmare. Resultat: Alla fem studier som undersöktes erhöll resultat där kombinationsterapi tenderade att ge en mer effektiv blodtryckssänkning i jämförelse med monoterapi, även om inte alla studier erhöll signifikant större sänkning av blodtryck i jämförelse med monoterapi. Tre av studierna visade en signifikant större reduktion av blodtryck vid kombinationsterapi i jämförelse med monoterapi, medan två av studierna inte visade på en signifikant reduktion. Dock återfanns denna tendens även hos dessa två studier där kombinationsterapi var mer effektiv i att reducera blodtryck. I tre av fem studier uppnådde en större andel patienter från kombinationsgrupperna målblodtrycket (<140/90 mmHg) än i monoterapigrupperna. Gällande biverkningar visade ingen av studierna någon skillnad i biverkningsgrad mellan kombinationsterapi och monoterapi. Slutsatser: Den samlade slutsatsen utifrån de undersökta studierna visar att kombinationsterapi med både Ca2+-antagonister och ACE-hämmare sänker blodtryck mer effektivt än monoterapi med vardera substansen. Eftersom en del av skillnaderna trots allt var små kan den biologiska relevansen av reduktionen diskuteras. Då biverkningarna inte var fler vid kombinationsterapi bör kombinationsterapi i framtiden övervägas som primärval vid behandling av primär hypertoni.
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Pérez, Martínez Meritxell. "Tarraco christiana. Cristianización y organización eclesiástica de una capital provincial romana (siglos III al VII)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8638.
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La present tesi doctoral té per objecte l'estudi de Tarraco a les èpoques tardorromana i visigòtica, amb un interès especial en la cristianització i la organització eclesiàstica de la capital provincial romana, d'una forma diacrònica, amb les ruptures i les continuïtats d'un procés històric de llarga durada. El propòsit principal d'aquest treball de recerca és identificar, reconstruir i interpretar els principals problemes relacionats amb la difusió del cristianisme i amb l'impacte de l'establiment eclesiàstic a Tarraco, en una relació dialèctica amb les transformacions del lideratge, l'adaptació de la cultura clàssica i l'evolució de la riquesa de les ciutats durant els segles de la transició a l'Edat Mitjana (segles III al VII). L'elecció de la Tarraco christiana com a tema d'estudi parteix de la consideració de l'església cristiana con una de les institucions que protagonitzaren el procés de la transició i pretén crear un marc interpretatiu adequat que millori el coneixement dels segles que marcaren el pas del món antic a l'època medieval als territoris del nordest peninsular, pertanyents a l'antiga Tarraconensis romana.Aprofundir en el coneixement de la Tarraco christiana en els períodes tardorromà i visigòtic obliga a l'historiador a enfrontar-se a la tasca summament ingrata de reconstruir extenses llacunes documentals i etapes mancades d'un suport documental sòlid i continu. Per això, no és estrany que la Tarraco christiana hagi despertat certa perplexitat entre els qui al llarg de la història s'ha interessat per ella i, amb major o menor fortuna, han pretès resoldre les enormes contradiccions que poblen el seu discurs històric. L'interès dels últims anys per l'Antiguitat Tardana ha contribuït a la revalorització dels materials d'aquests segles i a la seva identificació cada cop més precisa per part dels especialistes. Però, malgrat la recent proliferació de monografies, més o menys completes, i de la intensificació de les troballes, continuaven faltant estudis de síntesi actualitzats que proporcionessin una visió global de la història de la Tarraco christiana als segles de la transició a l'Edat Mitjana. El panorama actual ha estat capitalitzat durant molts anys per una certa tendència a la repetició de vells tòpics historiogràfics, que exigien ser revisats. Per altra banda, s'ha detectat una absència de perspectiva que impedia integrar la dinàmica històrica i arqueològica de la civitas tarraconense en els processos històrics d'abast general. La presència d'aquestes contradiccions feia necessària una nova monografia que dugués a terme una síntesi de l'estat actual dels coneixements, basada en una relectura sistemàtica de les fonts convencionals i l'adopció d'un mètode interdisciplinari rigorós, que contemplés la inclusió de les novetats de l'estudi arqueològic i del debat historiogràfic contemporani sobre els temes de transició, desenvolupat en àmbit europeu.
Després de l'estudi realitzar, la Tarraco christiana proporciona una òptima visió de conjunt que permet millorar el coneixement sobre la problemàtica de la transició a Hispania. Així mateix, contribueix a donar resposta a alguns dels interrogants fonamentals que planteja la Tarragona d'època tardana, amb les pròpies especifitats que li confereixen el caràcter de paradigma en la seva evolució. Més enllà de la significativa absència de notícies relatives a la construcció de l'església episcopal, la major part dels testimonis documentals i materials conservats procedeix del període d'auge creatiu i institucional que va embargar a la metròpolis eclesiàstica durant els gairebé dos-cents anys que separen els bisbats d'Himeri i Sergi de Tarragona (370-560). La història de la civitas ecclesiastica revela l'amplitud dels processos formatius relatius a la cristianització i la organització eclesiàstica de la capital provincial romana, a la vegada que confirma el protagonisme de dits processos en la dinàmica històrica de la ciutat dels segles de la transició a l'època medieval. Per altra banda, permet constatar un desenvolupament natural i pacífic, la característica principal del qual és el respecte i la continuïtat dels segles de la transició a l'època medieval. Per altra banda, permet constatar un desenvolupament natural i pacífic, la característica principal del qual és el respecte i la continuïtat dels quadres romans. En efecte, l'estudi de la Tarraco christiana durant els segles de l'Antiguitat Tardana evidencia una perduració i un predomini de l'element romà, que es fa palès mitjançant la perpetuació d'unes determinades formes de vida a la capital, així con en el manteniment d'un contacte continuat amb les ciutats del territori provincial Escriure la història de la Tarraco christiana a les èpoques tardorromana i visigòtica és quelcom ineludiblement lligat a la consideració del mar Mediterrani com espai històric. Fins el final del segle VII, aquest fou predominantment romà. Les etapes d'enfortiment del poder dels monarques visigots, que seguiren als regnats crucials de Leovigild i Recared, contribuïren al progressiu silenci del metropolità eclesiàstic i la seva església en el marc de la construcció d'una església visigoda centralitzada a Toledo. Si bé no implicaren una pèrdua del caràcter ciutadà, aquestes qüestions repercutiren en l'absència total o parcial de les fonts documentals i materials que permeten escriure la història de la Tarraco christiana als últims segles de la transició a l'Edat Mitjana.
The subject of this Ph. D. thesis is the study of Tarraco in the Late Roman and Visigothic periods, with an especial interest on the Christianisation and Ecclesiastical organisation of the Roman province capital. These matters are analysed diachronically describing the ruptures and continuities
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Garfì, Marianna <1981>. "Tecnologie appropriate per la gestione delle georisorse nei paesi in via di sviluppo e nei paesi dell'America Latina. Creazione di una metodologia multi criteria per la valutazione dei progetti di sviluppo umano." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2105/.
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Benessere delle popolazioni, gestione sostenibile delle risorse, povertà e degrado ambientale sono dei concetti fortemente connessi in un mondo in cui il 20% della popolazione mondiale consuma più del 75% delle risorse naturali. Sin dal 1992 al Summit della Terra a Rio de Janeiro si è affermato il forte legame tra tutela dell’ambiente e riduzione della povertà, ed è anche stata riconosciuta l’importanza di un ecosistema sano per condurre una vita dignitosa, specialmente nelle zone rurali povere dell’Africa, dell’Asia e dell’America Latina. La natura infatti, soprattutto per le popolazioni rurali, rappresenta un bene quotidiano e prezioso, una forma essenziale per la sussistenza ed una fonte primaria di reddito. Accanto a questa constatazione vi è anche la consapevolezza che negli ultimi decenni gli ecosistemi
naturali si stanno degradando ad un ritmo impressionate, senza precedenti nella storia della specie umana: consumiamo le risorse più velocemente di quanto la Terra sia capace di rigenerarle e di “metabolizzare” i nostri scarti. Allo stesso modo aumenta la povertà: attualmente ci sono 1,2 miliardi di persone che vivono con meno di un dollaro al giorno, mentre circa metà della popolazione mondiale sopravvive con meno di due dollari al giorno (UN). La connessione tra povertà ed ambiente non dipende solamente dalla scarsità di risorse che rende più difficili le condizioni di vita, ma anche dalla gestione delle stesse
risorse naturali. Infatti in molti paesi o luoghi dove le risorse non sono carenti la popolazione più povera non vi ha accesso per motivi politici, economici e sociali. Inoltre se si paragona l’impronta ecologica con una misura riconosciuta dello “sviluppo umano”, l’Indice dello Sviluppo Umano (HDI) delle Nazioni Unite (Cfr. Cap 2), il rapporto dimostra chiaramente che ciò che noi accettiamo generalmente come “alto sviluppo” è molto lontano dal
concetto di sviluppo sostenibile accettato universalmente, in quanto i paesi cosiddetti “sviluppati” sono quelli con una maggior impronta ecologica. Se allora lo “sviluppo” mette sotto pressione gli ecosistemi, dal cui benessere dipende direttamente il benessere dell’uomo, allora vuol dire che il concetto di “sviluppo” deve essere rivisitato, perché ha come conseguenza non il benessere del pianeta e delle popolazioni, ma il degrado ambientale e l’accrescimento delle disuguaglianze sociali.
Quindi da una parte vi è la “società occidentale”, che promuove l’avanzamento della tecnologia e dell’industrializzazione per la crescita economica, spremendo un ecosistema sempre più stanco ed esausto al fine di ottenere dei benefici solo per una ristretta fetta della popolazione mondiale che segue un modello di vita consumistico degradando l’ambiente e sommergendolo di rifiuti; dall’altra parte ci sono le famiglie di contadini rurali, i “moradores” delle favelas o delle periferie delle grandi metropoli del Sud del Mondo, i senza terra, gli immigrati delle baraccopoli, i “waste pickers” delle periferie di Bombay che sopravvivono raccattando rifiuti, i profughi di guerre fatte per il controllo delle risorse, gli sfollati ambientali, gli eco-rifugiati, che vivono sotto la soglia di povertà, senza
accesso alle risorse primarie per la sopravvivenza.
La gestione sostenibile dell’ambiente, il produrre reddito dalla valorizzazione diretta dell’ecosistema e l’accesso alle risorse naturali sono tra gli strumenti più efficaci per migliorare le condizioni di vita degli individui, strumenti che possono anche garantire la distribuzione della
ricchezza costruendo una società più equa, in quanto le merci ed i servizi dell’ecosistema fungono da beni per le comunità. La corretta gestione dell’ambiente e delle risorse quindi è di estrema importanza per la lotta alla
povertà ed in questo caso il ruolo e la responsabilità dei tecnici ambientali è cruciale.
Il lavoro di ricerca qui presentato, partendo dall’analisi del problema della gestione delle risorse naturali e dal suo stretto legame con la povertà, rivisitando il concetto tradizionale di “sviluppo” secondo i nuovi filoni di pensiero, vuole suggerire soluzioni e tecnologie per la gestione sostenibile delle risorse naturali che abbiano come obiettivo il benessere delle popolazioni più povere e degli ecosistemi, proponendo inoltre un metodo valutativo per la scelta delle alternative, soluzioni o tecnologie più adeguate al contesto di intervento.
Dopo l’analisi dello “stato del Pianeta” (Capitolo 1) e delle risorse, sia a livello globale che a livello regionale, il secondo Capitolo prende in esame il concetto di povertà, di Paese in Via di Sviluppo (PVS), il concetto di “sviluppo sostenibile” e i nuovi filoni di pensiero: dalla teoria della Decrescita, al concetto di Sviluppo Umano.
Dalla presa di coscienza dei reali fabbisogni umani, dall’analisi dello stato dell’ambiente, della povertà e delle sue diverse facce nei vari paesi, e dalla presa di coscienza del fallimento dell’economia della crescita (oggi visibile più che mai) si può comprendere che la soluzione per sconfiggere la povertà, il degrado dell’ambiente, e raggiungere lo sviluppo umano, non è il consumismo, la produzione, e nemmeno il trasferimento della tecnologia e l’industrializzazione; ma il “piccolo e bello” (F. Schumacher, 1982), ovvero gli stili di vita semplici, la tutela degli ecosistemi, e a livello tecnologico le “tecnologie appropriate”. Ed è proprio alle Tecnologie Appropriate a cui sono dedicati i Capitoli successivi (Capitolo 4 e Capitolo 5). Queste sono tecnologie semplici, a basso impatto ambientale, a basso costo, facilmente
gestibili dalle comunità, tecnologie che permettono alle popolazioni più povere di avere accesso alle risorse naturali. Sono le tecnologie che meglio permettono, grazie alle loro caratteristiche, la tutela dei beni comuni naturali, quindi delle risorse e dell’ambiente, favorendo ed incentivando la partecipazione delle comunità locali e valorizzando i saperi tradizionali, grazie al coinvolgimento di tutti gli attori, al basso costo, alla sostenibilità ambientale, contribuendo all’affermazione dei diritti umani e alla salvaguardia dell’ambiente.
Le Tecnologie Appropriate prese in esame sono quelle relative all’approvvigionamento idrico e alla depurazione dell’acqua tra cui:
- la raccolta della nebbia,
- metodi semplici per la perforazione di pozzi,
- pompe a pedali e pompe manuali per l’approvvigionamento idrico,
- la raccolta dell’acqua piovana,
- il recupero delle sorgenti,
- semplici metodi per la depurazione dell’acqua al punto d’uso (filtro in ceramica, filtro a sabbia,
filtro in tessuto, disinfezione e distillazione solare).
Il quinto Capitolo espone invece le Tecnolocie Appropriate per la gestione dei rifiuti nei PVS, in cui sono descritte:
- soluzioni per la raccolta dei rifiuti nei PVS,
- soluzioni per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti nei PVS,
- semplici tecnologie per il riciclaggio dei rifiuti solidi.
Il sesto Capitolo tratta tematiche riguardanti la Cooperazione Internazionale, la Cooperazione Decentrata e i progetti di Sviluppo Umano. Per progetti di sviluppo si intende, nell’ambito della Cooperazione, quei progetti che hanno come obiettivi la lotta alla povertà e il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita delle comunità beneficiarie dei PVS coinvolte nel progetto.
All’interno dei progetti di cooperazione e di sviluppo umano gli interventi di tipo ambientale giocano un ruolo importante, visto che, come già detto, la povertà e il benessere delle popolazioni dipende dal benessere degli ecosistemi in cui vivono: favorire la tutela dell’ambiente, garantire l’accesso all’acqua potabile, la corretta gestione dei rifiuti e dei reflui nonché l’approvvigionamento energetico pulito sono aspetti necessari per permettere ad ogni individuo, soprattutto se vive in condizioni di “sviluppo”, di condurre una vita sana e produttiva. È importante quindi, negli interventi di sviluppo umano di carattere tecnico ed ambientale, scegliere soluzioni decentrate che prevedano l’adozione di Tecnologie Appropriate per contribuire a valorizzare l’ambiente e a tutelare la salute della comunità.
I Capitoli 7 ed 8 prendono in esame i metodi per la valutazione degli interventi di sviluppo umano. Un altro aspetto fondamentale che rientra nel ruolo dei tecnici infatti è l’utilizzo di un corretto metodo valutativo per la scelta dei progetti possibili che tenga presente tutti gli aspetti, ovvero gli impatti sociali, ambientali, economici e che si cali bene alle realtà svantaggiate come quelle prese in considerazione in questo lavoro; un metodo cioè che consenta una valutazione specifica per i progetti di sviluppo umano e che possa permettere l’individuazione del progetto/intervento tecnologico e ambientale più appropriato ad ogni contesto specifico.
Dall’analisi dei vari strumenti valutativi si è scelto di sviluppare un modello per la valutazione degli interventi di carattere ambientale nei progetti di Cooperazione Decentrata basato sull’Analisi Multi Criteria e sulla Analisi Gerarchica.
L’oggetto di questa ricerca è stato quindi lo sviluppo di una metodologia, che tramite il supporto matematico e metodologico dell’Analisi Multi Criteria, permetta di valutare l’appropriatezza, la sostenibilità degli interventi di Sviluppo Umano di carattere ambientale, sviluppati all’interno di progetti di Cooperazione Internazionale e di Cooperazione Decentrata attraverso l’utilizzo di Tecnologie Appropriate.
Nel Capitolo 9 viene proposta la metodologia, il modello di calcolo e i criteri su cui si basa la valutazione.
I successivi capitoli (Capitolo 10 e Capitolo 11) sono invece dedicati alla sperimentazione della metodologia ai diversi casi studio:
- “Progetto ambientale sulla gestione dei rifiuti presso i campi Profughi Saharawi”, Algeria,
- “Programa 1 milhão de Cisternas, P1MC” e
- “Programa Uma Terra e Duas Águas, P1+2”, Semi Arido brasiliano.
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Ljung, Sofia. ""Jag är inte ensam" : Patienternas upplevelse av livsstilsfokuserad gruppbehandling inriktad på primär och sekundär prevention vid hjärt-kärlsjukdom och typ 2 diabetes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46700.
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Bakgrund Hjärt-kärlsjukdom och diabetes är idag två av världens vanligast förekommande välfärdssjukdomar trots att 80 % av alla insjuknanden skulle kunna förhindras genom livsstilsförändringar. Att förändra livsstil har dock visat sig vara svårt och stöd från flera håll är centralt för att behandlingen ska lyckas. De fysiologiska effekterna av livsstilsfokuserad behandlingar är relativt välstuderade men hur patienterna upplever dessa behandlingar är däremot tämligen oklart. Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patienter upplever en livsstilsfokuserad gruppbehandling inriktad på primär och sekundär prevention vid hjärt-kärlsjukdom samt typ 2 diabetes. Metod 19 kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med patienter vid en behandlingsmottagning i norra Sverige. En semistrukturerad frågeguide användes som stöd men fokus låg främst på patienternas egna berättelser kring upplevelserna. Intervjuerna transkriberades ordagrant och analyserades därefter enligt metoden systematisk textkondensering. Resultat Den livsstilsfokuserade gruppbehandlingen upplevdes vara av betydelse på flera sätt. Bland annat framkom att patienterna upplevde sig vara i stort behov av stöd, både från personal och andra patienter, och att det var något som de även upplevde tillgodosågs. Vidare kunde ses att insikten kring det egna ansvaret för hälsan växte under behandlingens gång men att det dessvärre även kunde medföra vissa känslor av skam och ambivalens inför behandlingen. Att behandlas i grupp upplevdes positivt eftersom det gav patienterna möjlighet att utbyta erfarenheter sinsemellan samt medförde en stark gemenskap. Slutsats Det är tydligt att livsstilsfokuserad gruppbehandling fyller flera viktiga funktioner utöver de parametrar som är fysiologiskt mätbara. Denna patientgrupp är i behov av stöd ifrån flera håll och både personal och övriga patienter är viktiga aktörer för att patienten ska uppleva behandlingen som tillfredsställande, vilket kan ses ge stöd för gruppbehandling som behandlingsform. Vidare kan denna typ av behandling stärka patienternas insikter kring det egna ansvar för hälsan vilket kan vara en viktig faktor att ha åtanke som behandlare.Background Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is nowadays two of the most common welfare diseases although 80% of the morbidity of these diseases could be prevented through lifestyle changes. Changing lifestyle has proven to be difficult and support from professionals as well as from relatives have showed to be crucial in order to succeed. The physiological effects of lifestyle-focused treatment are relatively well studied but how patients actually experiencing such treatment is still rather unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to explore how patients experience lifestyle focused group-treatment as a primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Methods 19 qualitative interviews were conducted with patients at a day center in northern Sweden. A semi-structured interview guide was used but the main focus was on the patients' own stories about their experiences. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and then analyzed according to systematic text condensation. Results The lifestyle focused group-treatment was perceived as important in several ways. Among other things it appeared that patients felt that they were in great need of support, both from professionals and from other patients, and that it was a need that was met. It could also be observed that the understanding of the patients own responsibilities for their health grew over the course of treatment but that it unfortunately also could create a sense of shame and ambivalence towards treatment. The fact of being treated in groups was experienced as positive because it gave the patients the opportunity to exchange experiences and gave a sense of fellowship. Conclusions It's clear that lifestyle focused group-treatment serves several important functions for the patients in addition to the parameters that are physiologically measurable. These patients are in need of several different types of support, and both staff and patients are important to make the experience of the treatment satisfying, a conclusion which support the idea of group-treatment. Furthermore, this kind of treatment can strengthen the patients' insight about the own responsibility for the health which can be a important factor that have a mind as a therapist.
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Cantelli, Elvis William Carvalho dos Santos. "Enriquecimento de elementos pesados no aglomerado globular do bojo NGC 6522: traços da primeira geração de estrelas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14131/tde-17102018-105902/.
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Há uma concentração de aglomerados globulares moderadamente pobres em metais no bojo galáctico, e muitos deles mostram um Ramo Horizontal Azul (BHB). Essas características juntas apontam para uma idade antiga. Para entender melhor a origem desses aglomerados, o estudo de seu padrão de abundâncias pode ajudar a identificar o tipo das primeiras supernovas nas partes centrais da Galáxia. O NGC 6522 na janela do Baade é um representante desta classe de aglomerados. Análises de abundância de estrelas individuais nesses aglomerados confirmaram sua metalicidade de [Fe/H] -1.0, enriquecimento em elementos-$\\alpha$ e detectaram uma variação nas abundâncias dos elementos pesados de processo-s. Entre os maiores enriquecimentos em Y e Ba, a explicação usual da transferência de massa de uma companheira do ramo assintótico das gigantes pode não se aplicar, e um enriquecimento por estrelas massivas de alta rotação foi sugerido. A fim de estudar melhor as abundâncias em NGC 6522, obtivemos um programa com o FLAMES em 2012, a partir da qual, com os dados de UVES, mostramos que o enriquecimento em elementos-s ainda poderia ser acomodado com o modelo de transferência de massa de uma estrela companheira. Além disso, obtivemos novos dados com o FLAMES em 2016. No presente trabalho analisamos outras 6 estrelas observadas em alta resolução com UVES, e 32 estrelas em resolução média-alta observadas com GIRAFFE, onde foram selecionadas por suas velocidades radiais em torno de -14,3 km/s com uma abrangência de ±15 km/s. Os parâmetros atmosféricos e as abundâncias dos elementos leves C, N, O, elementos de Z ímpar Na e Al, elementos-$alpha$ Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, elementos de pico de ferro Mn, Cu, Zn, elementos de processo-s Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd e o elemento de processo-r Eu são derivados para a amostra UVES e preliminarmente para a amostra GIRAFFE. Entre as estrelas UVES, duas delas mostram um enriquecimento significativo nos elementos do processo-s e uma com alto valor nas razões [Y/Ba] e [Zr/Ba], sugerindo um enriquecimento por estrelas massivas de alta rotação.There is a concentration of moderately metal-poor globular clusters in the Galactic bulge, and many of them show a Blue Horizontal Branch (BHB). These characteristics together point to an old age. In order to better understand the origin of these clusters, the study of their abundance pattern can help identifying the kind of the earliest supernovae in the central parts of the Galaxy. NGC 6522 in Baades Window is a representative of this class of clusters. Abundance analyses of individual stars in this clusters have confirmed its metallicity of [Fe/H]-1.0, enhanced -elements, and detected a variation in the abundances of the s-process heavy elements. Among the highest enhancements of Y and Ba, the usual explanation of mass transfer from a companion in the Asymptotic Giant Branch might not apply, and an enrichment by early fast-rotating massive stars was suggested. In order to further study the abundances in NGC 6522 we obtained a run with FLAMES- UVES in 2012, from which with the UVES data we have shown that the enhancement in s-elements could still be accommodated with the companion transfer model. We further obtained new data with FLAMES-UVES in 2016. In the present work we analyze another 6 stars observed at high resolution with UVES, and 32 stars at medium-high resolution observed with GIRAFFE. The latter were selected from their radial velocities of -14.3±15 km/s. The abundances of the light elements C, N, O, odd-Z elements Na, Al, -elements Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, iron-peak elements Mn, Cu, Zn, s-process elements Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd and r-process element Eu are derived. Among the UVES stars, two of them show a significant enrichment in s-process elements and one of them show high [Y/Ba] and [Zr/Ba] ratios, suggesting that an early enrichment by fast rotating massive stars is a probable scenario.
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Mastragostino, Giada. "Analisi del ciclo di vita della produzione industriale di acroleina: confronto tra il processo tradizionale e vie di sintesi alternative." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6534/.
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La green chemistry può essere definita come l’applicazione dei principi fondamentali di sviluppo sostenibile, al fine di ridurre al minimo l’impiego o la formazione di sostanze pericolose nella progettazione, produzione e applicazione di prodotti chimici. È in questo contesto che si inserisce la metodologia LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), come strumento di analisi e di valutazione. Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato condotto con l’intenzione di offrire una valutazione degli impatti ambientali associati al settore dei processi chimici di interesse industriale in una prospettiva di ciclo di vita. In particolare, è stato studiato il processo di produzione di acroleina ponendo a confronto due vie di sintesi alternative: la via tradizionale che impiega propilene come materia prima, e l’alternativa da glicerolo ottenuto come sottoprodotto rinnovabile di processi industriali. Il lavoro si articola in due livelli di studio: un primo, parziale, in cui si va ad esaminare esclusivamente il processo di produzione di acroleina, non considerando gli stadi a monte per l’ottenimento delle materie prime di partenza; un secondo, più dettagliato, in cui i confini di sistema vengono ampliati all’intero ciclo produttivo. I risultati sono stati confrontati ed interpretati attraverso tre tipologie di analisi: Valutazione del danno, Analisi di contributo ed Analisi di incertezza. Dal confronto tra i due scenari parziali di produzione di acroleina, emerge come il processo da glicerolo abbia impatti globalmente maggiori rispetto al tradizionale. Tale andamento è ascrivibile ai diversi consumi energetici ed in massa del processo per l’ottenimento dell’acroleina. Successivamente, per avere una visione completa di ciascuno scenario, l’analisi è stata estesa includendo le fasi a monte di produzione delle due materie prime. Da tale confronto emerge come lo scenario più impattante risulta essere quello di produzione di acroleina partendo da glicerolo ottenuto dalla trans-esterificazione di olio di colza. Al contrario, lo scenario che impiega glicerolo prodotto come scarto della lavorazione di sego sembra essere il modello con i maggiori vantaggi ambientali. Con l’obiettivo di individuare le fasi di processo maggiormente incidenti sul carico totale e quindi sulle varie categorie d’impatto intermedie, è stata eseguita un’analisi di contributo suddividendo ciascuno scenario nei sotto-processi che lo compongono. È stata infine eseguita un’analisi di incertezza tramite il metodo Monte Carlo, verificando la riproducibilità dei risultati.
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Nichil, Geoffrey. "Provisionnement en assurance non-vie pour des contrats à maturité longue et à prime unique : application à la réforme Solvabilité 2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0200/document.
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Nous considérons le cas d’un assureur qui doit indemniser une banque à la suite de pertes liées à un défaut de remboursement de ses emprunteurs. Les modèles couramment utilisés sont collectifs et ne permettent pas de prendre en compte les comportements individuels des emprunteurs. Dans une première partie nous définissons un modèle pour étudier le montant des pertes liées à ces défauts de paiement (provision) pour une période donnée. La quantité clé de notre modèle est le montant d’un défaut. Pour un emprunteur j et une date de fin de prêt Tj , ce montant vaut max(Sj Tj -Rj Tj ; 0), où Sj Tj est le montant dû par l’emprunteur et dépend de la durée et du montant du prêt, et Rj Tj est le montant de la revente du bien immobilier financé par le prêt. Rj Tj est proportionnel au montant emprunté; le coefficient de proportionnalité est modélisé par un mouvement Brownien géométrique et représente les fluctuations des prix de l’immobilier. La loi des couples (Date de fin du prêt, Durée du prêt) est modélisée par un processus ponctuel de Poisson. La provision Ph, où h est la durée maximale des contrats considérés, est alors définie comme la somme d’un nombre aléatoire de montants de défauts individuels. Nous pouvons ainsi calculer l’espérance et la variance de la provision mais aussi donner un algorithme de simulation. Il est également possible d’estimer les paramètres liés au modèle et de fournir une valeur numérique aux quantiles de la provision. Dans une deuxième partie nous nous intéresserons au besoin de solvabilité associé au risque de provisionnement (problématique imposée par la réforme européenne Solvabilité 2). La question se ramène à étudier le comportement asymptotique de Ph lorsque h ! +1. Nous montrons que Ph, convenablement normalisée, converge en loi vers une variable aléatoire qui est la somme de deux variables dont l’une est gaussienneWe consider an insurance company which has to indemnify a bank against losses related to a borrower defaulting on payments. Models normally used by insurers are collectives and do not allows to take into account the personal characteristics of borrowers. In a first part, we defined a model to evaluate potential future default amounts (provision) over a fixed period.The amount of default is the key to our model. For a borrower j and an associated maturity Tj, this amount is max(Sj Tj -Rj Tj ; 0), where Sj Tj is the outstanding amount owed by the borrower and depends on the borrowed amount and the term of the loan, and Rj Tj is the property sale amount. Rj Tj is proportionate to the borrowed amount; the proportionality coefficient is modeled by a geometric Brownian motion and represents the fluctuation price of real estate. The couples (Maturity of the loan, Term of the loan) are modeled by a Poisson point process. The provision Ph, where h is the maximum duration of the loans, is defined as the sum of the random number of individual defaults amounts. We can calculate the mean and the variance of the provision and also give an algorithm to simulate the provision. It is also possible to estimate the parameters of our model and then give a numerical value of the provision quantile. In the second part we will focus on the solvency need due to provisioning risk (topic imposed by the european Solvency 2 reform). The question will be to study the asymptotic behaviour of Ph when h ! +1. We will show that Ph, well renormalized, converges in law to a random variable which is the sum of two random variables whose one is a Gaussian
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Bombardelli, Juliana Aparecida. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica da involução dos componentes do cordão umbilical de bezerros holandeses no primeiro mês de vida: influência da concentração da tintura de iodo utilizada para a desinfecção do umbigo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-20102015-090820/.
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As afecções dos componentes umbilicais merecem destaque no período neonatal, pois são comumente encontradas nos bezerros, podendo levar a graves complicações. O diagnóstico das doenças umbilicais muitas vezes não é totalmente esclarecido pela palpação abdominal bimanual, uma vez que, em parcela dos casos, esse método semiológico não é sensível para determinar o grau de acometimento das estruturas umbilicais intra-abdominais. Assim, a ultrassonografia apresenta-se como um valioso exame complementar para o estabelecimento de um diagnóstico preciso sobre a localização e extensão das onfalopatias intra-abdominais. Diante dessas limitações e da raridade de pesquisas com estabelecimento de padrões da ultrassonografia do umbigo, a proposta desse estudo foi avaliar o processo de involução fisiológica dos componentes umbilicais de bezerros sadios, considerando o uso de antisséptico clássico, a tintura de iodo, em concentrações de 2% e 5%, usado na cura do umbigo nos primeiros dias após o nascimento. A avaliação foi realizada por meio do exame ultrassonográfico dos componentes umbilicais, em diferentes posições, caracterizando as modificações ocorridas durante o processo de involução, em relação ao aspecto das imagens, com medidas de diâmetro e espessura dos componentes vasculares e úraco, assim como às peculiaridades decorrentes dos dois tipos de desinfecção da região. Foram avaliados 23 bezerros da raça Holandesa, machos, oriundos de propriedade leiteira localizada no Estado de São Paulo, desde o nascimento até os 30 dias de vida. Os resultados obtidos, evidenciaram que a veia e as artérias umbilicais perdem as suas características de vasos, assumindo aspecto de ligamento devido à proliferação de tecido fibroso. Esse processo caracterizou-se e seguiu um padrão, no qual o tecido fibroso inicialmente estava presente na região interna da parede do vaso, seguindo, com a involução, em direção ao centro da luz vascular. Esse processo de involução é mais precoce em porções dos vasos mais distantes do umbigo externo, não havendo distinção de comportamento determinada por uso das diferentes concentrações do antisséptico. Além das imagens, foram também padronizadas as medidas do diâmetro dos componentes umbilicais e da espessura de suas paredes, ao longo do processo de involução fisiológica, durante os primeiros 30 dias de vida dos bezerros, comprovando-se a precisão do exame ultrassonográfico para essa avaliação e estabelecendo-se referências ultrassonográficas para fundamentar o diagnóstico e escolha do tratamento das onfalopatiasDiseases of the umbilical components are very important in the neonatal period. Commonly found in calves, they can lead to serious complications. Diagnosis of umbilical diseases is often not fully enlightened by bimanual abdominal palpation, since this semiotic method is not sensitive enough to determine the extent of involvement of the umbilical intra-abdominal structures in part of the cases. Thus, ultrasonography is a valuable complementary test for establishing an accurate diagnosis on the location and extent of intra-abdominal omphalitis. Because of these limitations and the scarce research on the establishment of the standards of navel ultrasound, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological involution process of umbilical components of healthy calves, considering the use of classic antiseptic, iodine tincture in concentrations 2% and 5%, used in navel treatment during the first days after birth. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography of umbilical components in different positions and the changes were characterized during the process of involution regarding the appearance of the images, the measures of the diameter and thickness of vascular and urachus components, as well as the peculiarities from the two types of disinfecting. Twenty-three Holstein male calves, reared in dairy property located in the State of São Paulo, were evaluated from birth to 30 days old. Results obtained showed that the vein and umbilical arteries lose their blood vessels characteristics, assuming a ligament aspect due to fibrous tissue proliferation. This process was characteristic and followed a pattern, in which the fibrous tissue was initially present in the inner part of the vessel wall, following with involution, toward the center of the vessel lumen. This process of involution was earlier in the parts of the blood vessels that were farthest from the external navel, with no particular behavior distinct by the use of different antiseptic concentrations. Besides the images, the measurements of the diameter of the umbilical components and the thickness of their walls were also standardized along the physiological involution process during the first 30 days of life the calf, confirming the accuracy of ultrasonography for such assessment and establishing references to improve the diagnosis and the choice of treatment of umbilical diseases
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Sharma, Rajhans. "Caractérisation et ciblage de la reconnaissance dynamique de Trp37-G lors de l’interaction de la protéine NCp7 de HIV-1 avec des acides nucléiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ014.
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La protéine de la nucléocapside (NC) possède un rôle important dans le cycle de viral du VIH-1 grâce à sa propriété chaperone des acides nucléiques (NA) qui implique la reconnaissance de son résidu Trp37 avec un résidu Guanine de l'acide nucléique cible. Nous avons caractérisé cette reconnaissance dynamique Trp37-G en utilisant des séquences impliquées dans la transcription inverse et l'assemblage de l'ARN génomique. En utilisant les analogues nucléosidiques fluorescents thienoguanosine (thG) et 2-thiényl-3-hydroxychromone (3HCnt), nous avons déterminé l'ensemble des constantes de vitesse cinétiques du mécanisme d’hybridation de la séquence (-)PBS avec (+)PBS en absence et en présence de NC. Nous avons également étudié le rôle du NA sucre dans les complexes NC-ARN et NC-ADN, puisque la protéine NC se lie avec la polarité opposée aux séquences d'ADN et d'ARN. Nous avons confirmé que l'interaction du résidu Trp37 avec les amino-acides de type guanines était critique lors de la formation des complexes avec les deux mutants d’ARN et d’ADN de PBS et de SL3. Enfin, nous avons réalisé un criblage de potentiels inhibiteurs de la protéine NC et examiné les touches identifiées à partir d’un test basé sur la fluorescence de la sonde thGNucleocapsid protein (NC) plays crucial roles in HIV-1 life cycle through its nucleic acid (NA) chaperoning property that involves recognition of it’s Trp37 residue with a Guanine residue of the target nucleic acid sequences. Herein, we characterized this dynamic Trp37-G recognition with sequences involved in reverse transcription and genomic RNA packaging. Using the fluorescent thienoguanosine (thG) and 2-thienyl-3-hydroxychromone (3HCnt) nucleoside analogues, we determined the whole set of kinetic rate constants for annealing of (-)PBS with (+)PBS in the absence and presence of NC. We also investigated the role of NA sugar in NC-RNA and NC-DNA complexes, as NC binds with opposite polarity to DNA and RNA sequences. We confirmed that the interaction of the Trp37 residue with guanines was critical for the formation of complexes with both RNA and DNA variants of PBS and SL3. Finally, we performed screening of NC inhibitors and tested the selected hits on a thG-based assay
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Andersson, Anna, and Jackman Amanda. "Kan en svalglambå göra skillnad? : En retrospektiv studie av tal hos patienter opererade med svalglambå vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala 2000-2011." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216482.
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Velofarynxinsufficiens (VFI) innebär en nedsatt förmåga att under tal och födointag stänga till mellan mun- och näshåla vilket leder till ett avvikande tal. Operation med svalglambå är en metod som kan användas för att behandla VFI och tidigare forskning har visat goda resultat avseende dess effekt på talet. Dock menar vissa forskare att operationen kan ha negativa effekter och att den bakomliggande orsaken till insufficiensen kan påverka graden av framgång. Aktuell studie ämnade undersöka huruvida operation med svalglambå påverkade talet vid VFI samt belysa om några skillnader fanns mellan olika patientgrupper avseende operationens effekt på tal. De olika patientgrupperna var (a) patienter med spalt, (b) patienter med spalt i kombination med ett syndrom eller en sekvens och (c) patienter med VFI utan förekomst av spalt. Eftersom tidigare studier dessutom indikerat att postoperativ talbehandling hos logoped kan vara relevant för vissa patienter undersöktes det också under vilka omständigheter det skedde. Journaler, inklusive perceptuella lyssnarbedömningar av talet genomförda av logopeder, och enkätsvar studerades för de 66 patienter som deltog. Dessa utgjorde 43,1% av alla 153 patienter som genomgått operation med svalglambå på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala år 2000-2011. Talbedömningar genomförda före och ett år efter operation visade att talet förbättrades avseende förståelighet (p<0,001), hypernasalitet (p=0,005) och tryckreducerad artikulation (p=0,001) samtidigt som hyponasalitet inte ökade (p=0,55). Patienter med spalt i kombination med syndrom eller sekvens uppvisade större förbättring av hypernasalitet jämfört med de andra grupperna (p=0,037). 32 patienter gick i postoperativ talbehandling hos logoped och patienter med enbart spalt fick behandling i något högre utsträckning än patienter med gomspalt i kombination med syndrom eller sekvens. Kompensatorisk artikulation var den enda talavvikelsen vars förekomst kunde relateras till att patienten gick i postoperativ talbehandling. Resultaten indikerar att operation med svalglambå är en lämplig metod för att behandla VFI oavsett bakomliggande orsak. Nyckelord: Velofarynxinsufficiens, svalglambå, LKG, syndrom, primär VFI, talavvikelse, talbehandlingVelopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) refers to the failure of separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during speech and deglutination. This leads to increased airflow through the nose and is the cause of resonance disturbances such as hypernasality and nasal emission. Previous studies evaluating the success of pharyngeal flap surgery to treat VPI have indicated satisfying result although some studies stress side effects due to postoperative constrictions. The underlying cause of VPI has been shown to influence the postoperative result. With this background we investigated the differences in speech, pre-, and one year post pharyngeal flap surgery and compared the three groups (a) cleft palate, (b) cleft palate in combination with a syndrome or a sequence, and (c) VPI without cleft palate. We also investigated the co-occurance of postoperative speech therapy regarding different speech parameters and the underlying cause of VPI. 66 of the 153 patients who underwent a pharyngeal flap surgery at Akademiska sjukhuset in Uppsala 2000-2011 agreed to participate in the study. 32 patients attended postoperative speech therapy. The data was collected through medical records and a survey and included perceptual analyses of speech pre-, and post surgery performed by speech and language pathologists. According to the results from the perceptual assessment, the pharyngeal flap surgery resulted in improved speech; intelligibility (p<0.001), hypernasality (p=0.005) and weak consonant pressure (p=0.001). Hyponasality did not increase significantly (p=0.55). Patients with cleft palate in combination with a syndrome or a sequence showed greater improvement regarding hypernasality (p=0.037). The only speech disturbance co-occurring with the presence of postoperative speech therapy was compensatory articulation. Patients with cleft palate seemed to receive postoperative speech therapy in a higher extent than patients with cleft palate in combination with a syndrome or a sequence. These results indicate that pharyngeal flap surgery is a successful way of treating VPI disregarding underlying cause. Keywords: Velopharyngeal insufficiency, pharyngeal flap, cleft palate, syndrome, primary VPI, speech deviation, speech therapy
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van, Oorschot Michaela [Verfasser], and Samuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Samnick. "Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme und zum Metabolismus von Fluor-18-markierten und von radiojodierten Fettsäuren in primär humanen Prostatakarzinomzelllinien und in einem experimentellen Modell eines humanen Prostatakarzinoms / Michaela van Oorschot. Betreuer: Samuel Samnick." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1102820601/34.
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Van, Oorschot Michaela [Verfasser], and Samuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Samnick. "Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme und zum Metabolismus von Fluor-18-markierten und von radiojodierten Fettsäuren in primär humanen Prostatakarzinomzelllinien und in einem experimentellen Modell eines humanen Prostatakarzinoms / Michaela van Oorschot. Betreuer: Samuel Samnick." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85295.
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Font, Valentín Laia. "La gestió dels recursos animals a la Catalunya meridional i de ponent durant la protohistòria (segles VII-I ane). Avaluació econòmica, política i social a partir de les restes de fauna." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/418810.
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La present recerca té com a objectiu, a partir de la disciplina de la zooarqueologia, integrar les dades de les diferents anàlisis faunístiques dins les interpretacions de caràcter econòmic i politicosocial d’un seguit d’assentaments de la primera edat del ferro i època ibèrica (segles VII- I ane). L’àrea a tractar és la zona meridional i de ponent de l’actual Catalunya, dos territoris a priori diferents, atesa la trajectòria de cada un d’ells des de l’edat del bronze, en qüestions de poblament, o de contacte amb el món colonial fenici, durant la primera edat del ferro; i marcats per una profunda transformació al llarg del període ibèric, a través dels diferents sistemes d’assentaments i les relacions entre els recursos més immediats, alhora que aquests s’adapten a l‘arribada del contingent romà i apareixen noves formes de producció i emmagatzematge agrícoles que poden respondre a aquests nous temps.
Pretenem, en aquest marc cronocultural descrit, traçar una evolució en clau de semblances i/o diferències entre els diferents registres zooarqueològics a través de les anàlisis fetes sobre diferents conjunts. Per una banda, s’han analitzat els materials de 5 assentaments: Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià), Ferradura (Alcanar, Montsià), Calvari (el Molar, Priorat), Coll del moro (Gandesa, Terra Alta) i Missatges (Tàrrega, Urgell), amb un total de 5968 restes òssies (mamífers, aus i peixos), i 773 restes de mol·luscs i crustacis marins. Per altra banda els resultats d’aquesta primera anàlisi seran integrats amb els disponibles a través d’altres estudis zooarqueològics d’assentament de la zona o zones immediates (amb dades d’assentaments del País Valencià i el Baix Aragó) amb dades quantitatives aptes per a comparar.
El treball s’estructura en: introducció, objectius, metodologia, context geogràfic i cronocultural de la zona a tractar, i estat de la qüestió al voltant del volum i la qualitat de les dades quantitatives disponibles, així com d’un seguit de reflexions sobre aspectes com ara el consum, la ramaderia, i la ritualitat al voltant dels animals domèstics, a partir de les propostes d’altres autors i de paral·lels significatius, a tall de capítols introductoris i de caràcter més teòric. A continuació s’analitzen els 5 contextos inèdits esmentats, per a relacionar, al capítol dedicat a la discussió dels resultats, aquells resultats obtinguts amb les dades zooarqueològiques publicades i disponibles. Per últim, el capítol de les conclusions recopila els objectius fixats i els resultats obtinguts per tal de traçar una valoració en conjunt.The aim of this research is to carry out a zooarchaeological study of various sites dated to the Early Iron Age and Iberian period (7th-1st centuries BC), interpreting the results of the faunal analysis within the respective economic and sociopolitical contexts. The study area includes the southern and western zones of Catalonia. Both are a priori different zones in terms of population from the Bronze Age onwards, and of interaction with the Phoenician colonial world during the Early Iron Age. Both territories also experienced strong transformations during the Iberian Period, in terms of settlement patterns and relations to the nearby resources, at the same time that they were adapting to the arrival of Roman settlers and new ways of production and storage were emerging. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyse the changes and similarities/differences between the zooarchaeological record in a series of contexts. On one hand, materials from five archaeological sites have been analysed: Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià), Ferradura (Alcanar, Montsià), Calvari (el Molar, Priorat), Coll del Moro (Gandesa, Terra Alta) and Missatges (Tàrrega, Urgell), with a total of 5968 bone remains (mammals, birds and fishes) and 773 remains of marine molluscs and crustaceans. On the other hand, the results of this analysis are integrated and compared with available quantitative data from other zooarchaeological studies on sites from the same geographical zone or nearby zones (including data from sites in the País Valencià and Baix Aragó). The work is structured as follows: introduction, objectives, methodology, geographic and historical background of the study area, and state of the art in zooarchaeological quantitative data (taking into account also the quality of these data), in addition to some remarks on consumption, animal husbandry and rituals associated with domestic animals, based on studies by different authors. After these introductory and theoretical chapters, the results of the five sites analysed in this research are presented. This is followed by a discussion of these results, integrating the existing published and available zooarchaeological data from other sites. The conclusions of this study are summarised in the final chapter.
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Salou, Thibault. "Combiner Analyse du Cycle de Vie et modèles économiques pour l’évaluation ex-ante d’instruments de politiques publiques – Application au secteur laitier français." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARE045/document.
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L’Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) est une méthode d’évaluation multicritère des impacts environnementaux des biens et services. A ces débuts, l’ACV, dite Attributionnelle (ACVA), s’est attachée à analyser les impacts environnementaux dans des situations statiques pour la réalisation d’études comparatives, la communication environnementale et le développement de produits. De récents développements méthodologiques ont vu l’émergence de l’ACV Conséquentielle (ACVC) qui vise à quantifier les impacts directs et indirects de changements, via les mécanismes de marchés, permettant ainsi l’évaluation de politiques publiques. Cette thèse vise à proposer un cadre méthodologique pour l’évaluation d’instruments de politiques publiques dans le secteur de l’élevage laitier en combinant ACV et modèles économiquesElle s’articule autour de trois axes : i) identification et caractérisation des performances environnementale de technologies de production laitières par ACVA ; ii) adaptation du modèle économique MATSIM-LUCA pour les besoins de la thèse ; iii) évaluation par ACVC des impacts environnementaux de la suppression des quotas laitiers et de l’introduction d’une prime à l’herbe en Europe. Les travaux réalisés fournissent : i) une première proposition méthodologique pour l’évaluation d’instruments de politiques publiques par ACVC dans le secteur de l’élevage et ii) plusieurs pistes d’amélioration nécessaires pour rendre la méthode opérationnelle pour les décideurs publicsLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a multicriteria method to assess environmental impacts of goods and services. In its early stages, LCA, known as Attributional (ALCA), was used to assess environmental impacts in a status-quo situation for benchmarking, environmental communication and product development. Recent methodological developments led to Consequential LCA (CLCA), which aims to quantify direct and indirect impacts of changes, through market mechanisms, allowing for public policy assessment. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to develop a methodological framework to assess public policy instruments in the livestock sector by combining LCA and economic modellingThis thesis is organized into three axes: i) identification and characterization of environmental performances of dairy production technologies through ALCA; ii) adaptation of MATSIM-LUCA economic model to the needs of the thesis; iii) environmental impact assessment through CLCA of dairy quota removal and implementation of a grass premium in the European Union. This work provides i) initial development of a methodological framework for assessing public policy instruments in the livestock sector and ii) identification of several improvements needed to make the method operational for stakeholders
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Sawadogo, Relwendé. "Essais sur les déterminants et les conséquences macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10493/document.
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La présente thèse est composée d’un ensemble de travaux de recherche en économie appliquée qui s’inscrivent dans le champ contemporain de l’économie de l’assurance. La thèse s’interroge sur comment les pays en développement pourraient développer davantage le secteur d’assurance afin de bénéficier des effets sur l’économie domestique. La première partie de la thèse analyse les déterminants macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance. Premièrement, les résultats montrent que l'augmentation du revenu par habitant conduit à une augmentation des primes d'assurance-vie et l’assurance-vie est un bien de luxe en Afrique Subsaharienne (chapitre 2). On trouve également des preuves que l’impact marginal du revenu dépend de la qualité de l'environnement juridique et politique. Deuxièmement, l’analyse de l’effet des IDE montre que, ceux-ci constituent un facteur clé dans l'augmentation des primes d'assurance non-vie à la fois dans les pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne (ASS) et dans les autres pays en développement (chapitre 3). Troisièmement, les activités d’assurance-vie et bancaire sont substituables en ASS, cependant les résultats indiquent une causalité unidirectionnelle allant du crédit bancaire au secteur privé vers le développement des activités d’assurance-vie (chapitre 4). La deuxième partie de la thèse analyse l’impact du développement du secteur d’assurance sur l’économie des pays en développement. Premièrement, il apparaît que le développement de l'assurance-vie a un effet positif sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement d'une part et d'autre part, l’effet marginal de l’assurance-vie est influencé par les caractéristiques structurelles des pays (chapitre 5). Les primes d'assurance augmentent de façon significative la valeur des titres négociés sur le marché financier aussi bien avant et après la crise de 2007(chapitre 6). Troisièmement, la thèse a montré qu’il existe une relation à long terme entre le développement de l’assurance non-vie et l’ouverture commerciale et que les primes d'assurance non-vie améliorent l'ouverture au commerce international aussi bien dans les pays en développement que spécifiquement dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu (chapitre 7)This thesis is composed of a set of research in applied economics that enroll in the contemporary field of economics of insurance. The thesis analyses how developing countries could develop more the insurance sector and benefit from these effects on local economy. The first part explored the determinants of insurance development from a macroeconomic perspective. First, the results show that increase of income per capita leads to an increase in life insurance premiums and that life insurance is a luxury commodity in Sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2). We also find evidence that the marginal impact of income varies according to the quality of legal and political environment. Second, analysis of effect of the FDI inflows shows that these are a key factor in increase of non-life insurance premiums in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and in other developing countries (chapter 3). In chapter 4, the results highlighted that the activities of life insurance and banking are substitutable in SSA and, however, there is presence of unidirectional causality running from real private credit density to life insurance and insurance density. The second part of the thesis has analysed effect of development of insurance sector on economy in developing countries. First, it appears that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand marginal effect of life insurance is influenced by the structural characteristics of countries (chapter 5). In chapter 6, the results showed that the insurance premiums significantly increase stock market value traded, before as well and after the 2007's economic crisis. Finally, the thesis showed that there is a long term relationship between the development of non-life insurance and trade openness and that non-life insurance premiums improve openness to international trade as well in developing countries than specifically in low and middle income countries (chapter 7)
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Merli, Vanessa. "L'esperimento di Grimaldi e la storia della diffrazione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16771/.
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Questa tesi ricostruisce il contributo di Francesco Maria Grimaldi alla comprensione del fenomeno di diffrazione, da lui sperimentalmente studiato per la prima volta nella seconda metà del Seicento. Il primo capitolo di questo elaborato vuole mostrare i contributi offerti da Grimaldi all’astronomia e alla geodesia in collaborazione con Ricciòli, gesuita e astronomo bolognese, ed anche il rapporto tra scienza e fede, in particolare tra i Gesuiti e l’Università di Bologna. Il secondo capitolo è focalizzato sul De lumine, opera postuma di Grimaldi, e sui due esperimenti riguardanti la diffrazione ivi contenuti. Il terzo capitolo viene dedicato alla storia della diffrazione analizzando la trattazione che ne fecero gli scienziati dopo Grimaldi: si parte da Newton e dalla sua visione corpuscolare della luce per arrivare ad Huygens, Young e Fresnel e all’elaborazione della teoria ondulatoria, che permette di spiegare correttamente il fenomeno della diffrazione.
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Ebersohn, Elizabeth Mary Anne. "Riglyne vir 'n sosiaal-perseptuele onderrigprogram vir senior primere leergestremde leerlinge." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11654.
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M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)Although the learning disabled pupil has an average to above average intellectual ability, he does not perform accordingly. Not only does he reveal academic deficiencies, but social and emotional deficiencies are also part and parcel of his problem. Furthermore he experiences problems in meeting social demands that are made in his every day life. These deficiencies in his social abilities in turn imply an insufficient recognition of social demands. Research has shown that a learning disabled pupil's social perceptions are weaker than those of a normal pupil. Although the learning disabled pupil's academic short-coming are at first recognised by the teacher, his social problems are normally neither identified nor understood. The learning disabled child should .be assisted to acquire social skills. In this process the teacher could playa vital role. From previous studies, insight regarding the learning disabled pupil, has been gained. The etiology and manifestations of learning disabilities have been discussed and the characteristics of deficient social skills have also been scrutinised. The purpose of this research is to determine certain disorders regarding the social perceptions of a learning disabled child. Criteria as well as guidelines that a social-perceptual education programme should meet, are also suggested. The study was conducted with 60 learning disabled pupils forming the experimental group and 60 non-learning disabled pupils forming the control group. The "Coding of Emotional Responses Test" was used in this study. In this study it became apparent that the learning disabled pupils made significantly more errors than the control group (nonlearning disabled pupils). Therefore the learning disabled pupil experiences difficulty in interpreting non-verbal behaviour patterns such as facial expressions, body language and gestures correctly, as a result of his deficient social perceptions. Criteria programme research. and guidelines for a social-perceptual education have been determined as a result of this...
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Badenhorst, Charlotte Henrietta. "Psigiese lewensaktualisering van die afknouer in die primere skool." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10590.
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Text in AfrikaansDie doelstelling van hierdie kwalitatiewe navorsing was om die leerder in die primêre skool, wat ander afknou, se psigiese lewensaktualisering te verken en te beskryf. Om hierdie doelstelling te bereik, is bepaalde doelwitte gestel. Deur middel van ’n literatuurstudie is ondersoek ingestel na die ontwikkeling van die leerder in die middelkinderjare. Voorts is die konsep van afknouery ondersoek, om sodoende ‘n psigiese beeld te kan skep van die leerder wat ander afknou. Projeksiemedia is in drie gevallestudies gebruik om empiriese inligting rakende die doel van die navorsing te bekom. Temas is uit die projeksiemedia geïdentifiseer en teen die bestaande literatuur geverifieer. Tydens die bespreking van die inligting wat uit die projeksiemedia verkry is, is gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gemaak. Daar is gepoog om die bevindinge nie te veralgemeen nie, omdat dit ‘n kwalitatiewe studie was.
The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the psychological life actualization of the learner in primary school who bullies others. To achieve this goal, specific objectives were set. The development of the learner in middle childhood was examined by means of a literature investigation. Furthermore, the concept of bullying was investigated, thus creating a psychological image of the learner who bullies others. Projection media were used in three case studies to obtain empirical information regarding the objective of the research. Themes from the projection media were identified and verified against the existing literature. During the discussion of the information acquired from the projection media, conclusions and recommendations were made. An attempt was made not to generalize the findings, because this was a qualitative study.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Voorligting)
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Venter, Martin. "Die funksies van die departementshoof : junior primêr as indiensopleier." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10611.
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Raubenheimer, Lorinda Riana. "Implementering van spel in die Gr R klas in die preprimere en primere skool." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6034.
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Play can be seen as a very important component in the learning programme of pre-school children. The question arises whether the Gr R teacher has adequate play incorporated into the daily schedule?
The research question was answered as follows. Although it was revealed in the study that the teachers who had pre-primary and Bed qualifications, possessed more (play) knowledge of all the teachers, the rest of the Gr R teachers indicated that they did have a need to gather more knowledge in childrens’ play, as well as implementing it into the day programme.
The third part of the research question was also answered namely; that too much formal education were taking place in the Gr R classes in primary schools. The answer to the question; whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in a primary school is; “no”,
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and whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in the pre-primary school is; “yes”. It was concluded that the Gr R education methods in the primary school is far more formal than that of the pre-primary school. The research question is thus fully answered and the study was completed successfully.Spel kan gesien word as ’n baie belangrike komponent van die leerprogram vir voorskoolse kinders. Die vraag ontstaan of Gr R onderwyseresse genoegsame spel in die dagprogram implementeer? Die navorsingsvraag is as volg beantwoord. Alhoewel dit in die studie na vore gekom het, dat die onderwyseresse wat preprimêr en BEd gekwalifiseer is oor die meeste speelkennis beskik, het die meeste Gr R onderwyseresse aangedui dat hul wel ’n behoefte het om meer kennis rakende kinderspel en die implementering daarvan in die dagprogram te bekom. Die laaste vraag voortvloeiend uit die navorsing of daar genoegsame spel in die Gr R klasse plaasvind was die gevolgtrekking “nee” by primêre skole en “ja” by preprimêre skole. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Gr R onderwys by primêre skole se onderrigmetodes baie meer formeel is as Gr R by preprimêre skole. Die navorsings-vraag is dus in geheel beantwoord en die studie is suksesvol voltooi.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)