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Oberste, M. Steven, Kaija Maher, Alford J. Williams, Naomi Dybdahl-Sissoko, Betty A. Brown, Michelle S. Gookin, Silvia Peñaranda, Nada Mishrik, Moyez Uddin, and Mark A. Pallansch. "Species-specific RT-PCR amplification of human enteroviruses: a tool for rapid species identification of uncharacterized enteroviruses." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81179-0.
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The 65 serotypes of human enteroviruses are classified into four species, Human enterovirus (HEV) A to D, based largely on phylogenetic relationships in multiple genome regions. The 3′-non-translated region of enteroviruses is highly conserved within a species but highly divergent between species. From this information, species-specific RT-PCR primers were developed that can be used to rapidly screen collections of enterovirus isolates to identify species of interest. The four primer pairs were 100 % specific when tested against enterovirus prototype strains and panels of isolates of known serotype (a total of 193 isolates). For evaluation in a typical application, the species-specific primers were used to screen 186 previously uncharacterized non-polio enterovirus isolates. The HEV-B primers amplified 68·3 % of isolates, while the HEV-A and HEV-C primers accounted for 9·7 and 11·3 % of isolates, respectively; no isolates were amplified with the HEV-D primers. Twelve isolates (6·5 %) were amplified by more than one primer set and eight isolates (4·3 %) were not amplified by any of the four primer pairs. Serotypes were identified by partial sequencing of the VP1 capsid gene, and in every case sequencing confirmed that the species-specific PCR result was correct; the isolates that were amplified by more than one species-specific primer pair were mixtures of two (11 isolates) or three (one isolate) species of viruses. The eight isolates that were not amplified by the species-specific primers comprised four new serotypes (EV76, EV89, EV90 and EV91) that appear to be unique members of HEV-A based on VP1, 3D and 3′-non-translated region sequences.
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BİRKAN, Zülfü, Pınar GÜNDOĞAN BOZDAĞ, and Ahmet BOZDAĞ. "Primary Saccular Great Saphenous Veın Aneurysm: Case Report." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Case Reports 24, no. 3 (2016): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/caserep.2015-48617.
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ERİŞ, CÜNEYT, ARİF GÜCÜ, FARUK TOKTAŞ, GÜNDÜZ YÜMÜN, DERİH AY, TUĞRUL GÖNCÜ, TAMER TÜRK, ŞENOL YAVUZ, and AHMET ÖZYAZICIOĞLU. "Primary Great Saphenous Vein Leiomyosarkomu: Case Report." Damar Cerrahi Dergisi 21, no. 3 (2012): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9739/uvcd.2012-31702.
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Ravindran, Aravind, Julien Levy, Elizabeth Pierson, and Dennis C. Gross. "Development of Primers for Improved PCR Detection of the Potato Zebra Chip Pathogen, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (December 2011): 1542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0386.
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Zebra chip disease poses a major economic threat to potato production. The causative agent is a phloem-limited bacterium identified as ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ that is transmitted by the potato/ tomato psyllid. Currently, there are no effective controls and existing control strategies depend largely on the early detection of the pathogen via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Most primer sets used for PCR detection target a region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene, and detection of the pathogen in symptomatic potato tissue with existing primers has been variable depending on the specific primer sets used. This study describes the development of two new primer sets that target a conserved intergenic region between the 16S and 23S rDNA genes and a conserved bacterial housekeeping gene, adenylate kinase (adk). Results demonstrate that the new primer sets are more reliable in detecting ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ in field and glasshouse samples than the currently used LsoF/OI2 primers. The newly developed primers differentiated between ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ and a closely related ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ spp. and were more sensitive than the LsoF/OI2 primers. The low detection limit for the new primers was four times lower (0.65 ng) than the limit (2.5 ng) for the LsoF/OI2 primers.
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Lauer, Kim P., Isabel Llorente, Eric Blair, Jason Seto, Vladimir Krasnov, Anjan Purkayastha, Susan E. Ditty, et al. "Natural variation among human adenoviruses: genome sequence and annotation of human adenovirus serotype 1." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 2615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80118-0.
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The 36 001 base pair DNA sequence of human adenovirus serotype 1 (HAdV-1) has been determined, using a ‘leveraged primer sequencing strategy’ to generate high quality sequences economically. This annotated genome (GenBank AF534906) confirms anticipated similarity to closely related species C (formerly subgroup), human adenoviruses HAdV-2 and -5, and near identity with earlier reports of sequences representing parts of the HAdV-1 genome. A first round of HAdV-1 sequence data acquisition used PCR amplification and sequencing primers from sequences common to the genomes of HAdV-2 and -5. The subsequent rounds of sequencing used primers derived from the newly generated data. Corroborative re-sequencing with primers selected from this HAdV-1 dataset generated sparsely tiled arrays of high quality sequencing ladders spanning both complementary strands of the HAdV-1 genome. These strategies allow for rapid and accurate low-pass sequencing of genomes. Such rapid genome determinations facilitate the development of specific probes for differentiation of family, serotype, subtype and strain (e.g. pathogen genome signatures). These will be used to monitor epidemic outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in a defined test bed by the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS) project.
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van der Kamp, M. F. "Pain as the primary symptom of a malignant parotid tumour." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 123, no. 12 (December 9, 2016): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2016.12.16165.
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Chust Calero, Manuel. "La via autonomista novohispana. Una propuesta federal en las Cortes de Cádiz." Estudios de Historia Novohispana, no. 15 (October 5, 1995): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iih.24486922e.1995.015.3413.
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Septiembre era el mes, Conocido su año, 1810. El primer parlamentarismo español iniciaba sus debates. Entre sus diputados una treintena de representantes americanos. La realidad social española se contemplaba, por vez primera, desde una perspectiva parlamentaria, y lo hacía desde la totalidad. Era la primera vez en la historia universal que una metrópoli accedía a contemplar en calidad de igualdad de representación a sus colonos. Será también la última. Ninguna otra constitución, a excepción de la de 1869, contemplará esta excepcionalidad constitucional del liberalismo.
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Ross, Alberto. "Aristóteles y las series causales infinitas en Física VII y VIII." Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía 27, no. 1 (November 28, 2013): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.21555/top.v27i1.249.
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El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que tenemos al menos dos argumentos diferentes para probar la existencia del Primer Motor. Aunque hay coincidencias entre Física VII, 1 y VIII, 5, sus argumentos no son idénticos. Física VII sostiene la imposibilidad de un movimiento infinito en un tiempo infinito y VIII, 5 la necesidad de una causa “primera”.
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Milani, M. S. "Primair falen van eruptie: diagnostiek, behandeling, casuïstiek en literatuuroverzicht." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 121, no. 04 (April 4, 2014): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2014.04.13202.
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Ross, Alberto. "Las discrepancias entre Met. XII y Fís. VIII: a propósito del primer motor." Euphyía - Revista de Filosofía 4, no. 6 (November 3, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/6euph64.
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Este artículo busca aportar argumentos para intentar resolver la discusión en torno a las dos tesis expuestas por Aristóteles sobre el primer motor: la que expone en en Física VII-VII, y la que expone en Metafísica XII. La discusión parte de la idea de que ambas tesis son excluyentes la una de la otra, ya que la primera postula el primer motor como una causa eficiente, mientras que la segunda lo postula como una causa final. El objetivo es mostrar la irreductibilidad en términos absolutos de las posiciones sostenidas en ambos libros y abonar a favor de una interpretación diacrónica de la teoría. Así, siguiendo las ideas sobre el alma de Aristóteles, el texto pretende desmentir la opción que intenta postular el primer motor tanto como una causa eficiente como una causa final.
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Salinas, Nelson R., and Damon P. Little. "Electric LAMP: Virtual Loop-Mediated Isothermal AMPlification." ISRN Bioinformatics 2012 (November 21, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/696758.
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We present eLAMP, a PERL script, with Tk graphical interface, that electronically simulates Loop-mediated AMPlification (LAMP) allowing users to efficiently test putative LAMP primers on a set of target sequences. eLAMP can match primers to templates using either exact (via builtin PERL regular expressions) or approximate matching (via the tre-agrep library). Performance was tested on 40 whole genome sequences of Staphylococcus. eLAMP correctly predicted that the two tested primer sets would amplify from S. aureus genomes and not amplify from other Staphylococcus species. Open source (GNU Public License) PERL scripts are available for download from the New York Botanical Garden's website.
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Alkattan, R., G. Koller, S. Banerji, and S. Deb. "Bis[2-(Methacryloyloxy) Ethyl] Phosphate as a Primer for Enamel and Dentine." Journal of Dental Research 100, no. 10 (July 8, 2021): 1081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345211023477.
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Dental resin composites are commonly used in the restorative management of teeth via adhesive bonding, which has evolved significantly over the past few decades. Although current self-etch bonding systems decrease the number of clinical steps, the acidic functional monomers employed exhibit a limited extent of demineralization of enamel in comparison to phosphoric acid etchants, and the resultant superficial ionic interactions are prone to hydrolysis. This study evaluates the etching of primers constituted with bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate (BMEP) of dental hard tissue, interfacial characteristics, and inhibition of endogenous enzymes. We examine the incorporation of 2 concentrations of BMEP in the formulation of experimental primers used with a hydrophobic adhesive to constitute a 2-step self-etching bonding system and compare to a commercial 10–methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)–containing system. The interaction of the primer with enamel and dentine was characterized using scanning electron, confocal laser scanning, and Raman microscopy while the polymerization reaction between the BMEP primers and hydroxyapatite was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect against matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes of these primers was studied and percentage of inhibition analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test ( P < 0.05). Results of the scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated potent etching of both enamel and dentine with the formation of longer resin tags with BMEP primers compared to the 10-MDP–based system. The BMEP polymerized on interaction with pure hydroxyapatite in the dark, while the 10-MDP primer exhibited the formation of salts. Furthermore, BMEP primers were able to inhibit MMP activity in a dose-dependent manner. BMEP could be used as a self-etching primer on enamel and dentine, and the high degree of polymerization in the presence of hydroxyapatite can contribute to an increased quality of the resin polymer network, prompting resistance to gelatinolytic and collagenolytic degradation.
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Bastida-González, Fernando, Dolores G. Ramírez-Hernández, Erika Chavira-Suárez, Eleazar Lara-Padilla, and Paola Zárate-Segura. "Development of Primer Pairs from Molecular Typing of Rabies Virus Variants Present in Mexico." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4659470.
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Nucleoprotein (N) gene from rabies virus (RABV) is a useful sequence target for variant studies. Several specific RABV variants have been characterized in different mammalian hosts such as skunk, dog, and bats by using anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) via indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, a technique not available in many laboratories in Mexico. In the present study, a total of 158 sequences of N gene from RABV were used to design eight pairs of primers (four external and four internal primers), for typing four different RABV variants (dog, skunk, vampire bat, and nonhematophagous bat) which are most common in Mexico. The results indicate that the primer and the typing variant from the brain samples, submitted to nested and/or real-time PCR, are in agreement in all four singleplex reactions, and the designed primer pairs are an alternative for use in specific variant RABV typing.
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Nishiyama, N., F. R. Tay, K. Fujita, D. H. Pashley, K. Ikemura, N. Hiraishi, and N. M. King. "Hydrolysis of Functional Monomers in a Single-bottle Self-etching Primer—Correlation of 13C NMR and TEM Findings." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500505.
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Self-etching primers/adhesives that combine acidic methacrylate monomers with water in a single bottle are hydrolytically unstable and require refrigeration to extend their shelf-lives. This study tested the null hypothesis that one year of intermittent refrigeration of a 4-MET-containing simplified self-etching primer does not result in hydrolytic changes that are identifiable by transmission electron microscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Human dentin was bonded with UniFil Bond immediately after being unpacked, or after one year of intermittent refrigeration at 4°C. Fresh and aged primers were analyzed by NMR for chemical changes. Ultrastructural observations indicated that there was an augmentation in etching capacity of the aged adhesive that was not accompanied by resin infiltration or effective polymerization. New NMR peaks detected from the aged ethanol-based primer confirmed that degradation occurred initially via esterification with ethanol, followed by hydrolysis of both ester groups in the 4-MET. Hydrolysis of functional methacrylate monomers occurs despite intermittent refrigeration.
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Kamada, Kazuya, Ayumu Kuroishi, Toshio Kamahora, Peter Kabat, Shigeo Yamaguchi, and Shigeo Hino. "Spliced mRNAs detected during the life cycle of Chicken anemia virus." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 2227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81946-0.
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The existence of spliced mRNA in Chicken anemia virus (CAV) was investigated, as three proteins appeared to be derived from a single 2.0 kb mRNA species. Human Torque teno virus (TTV), which displays a number of genomic similarities to CAV, is known to transcribe three mRNA species, suggesting that CAV may also have multiple mRNAs. Northern analysis of infected chicken MDCC-MSB1 cells revealed a 2.0 kb mRNA 3 h post-infection (p.i.) and additional 1.6, 1.3 and 1.2 kb bands visible at 48 and 72 h p.i. MDCC-MSB1 or COS1 cells transfected with a CAV clone showed similar results. The poly(A)+ RNA of infected cells was subjected to RT-PCR using a suite of CAV-specific primers. The major 2.0 kb RNA reacted with every primer, but the 1.3 and 1.2 kb RNAs only annealed to certain primers. The 2.0 kb mRNA had no deletions or mutations and was capable of encoding all three known CAV proteins. The 1.3 kb RNA had a splice site joining nt 1222 to nt 1814 and encoded head/tail viral protein 1 (VP1) without a frameshift. In addition, the 1.2 kb RNA possessed a splice site joining nt 994 to nt 1095 and encoded several putative, novel proteins with frameshift mutations. These splice sites conformed to the previously described GT–AG splicing rule. One further 0.8 kb RNA species appeared to be derived from a homologous recombination event. Discovery of the presence of spliced mRNA in CAV strengthens the similarity between CAV and TTV.
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Lee, Eunkyung, Yangho Lee, Young Kyung Kim, Chan Ho Park, and Tae-Yub Kwon. "Effect of Incorporating Zirconia Powder into a Primer on the Resin Bond Strength to Zirconia Ceramic." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17617.
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The adhesion property of zirconia powder-incorporated primers was investigated in vitro with the aim of enhancing the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic. A commercial zirconia primer was modified through the addition of 0 (control), 5, 10, 25, and 50 wt% of a zirconia powder (codes: ZP0, ZP5, ZP10, ZP25, and ZP50, respectively). Prior to primer modification, the powder was characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. The surfaces of dental zirconia ceramic discs were air-abraded and treated with one of the five primers. One resin composite cylinder (diameter: 2.38 mm) was bonded on one specimen surface (n = 12/group). The bonded specimens were all stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 °C and subjected to 5000 thermal cycles prior to shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The DSC and FTIR analyses confirmed that the zirconia powder contained an organic binder. The SBS test results showed that the groups could be arranged as follows, ZP25 > ZP10 > ZP5 > ZP0, i.e., in descending order of the mean value. The lowest SBS value was obtained for the ZP50 group. The results suggest that the incorporation of a zirconia powder into a primer represents a promising modification method for improving the resin bond strength to zirconia ceramic.
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Martin, Gabriela. "Discurso de Abertura da VII Reunião Científica da SAB." Revista de Arqueologia 8, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24885/sab.v8i1.459.
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A Sociedade de Arqueologia Brasileira celebra uma Reunião Cienúfica, pela primeira vez, numa cidade do Nordeste, desde a sua fundação em 1980. Os motivos que determinaram a escolha foram, em primeiro lugar, a generosa acolhida que recebemos das autoridades acadêmicas e estaduais, da Prefeitura da capital na pessoa do seu prefeito Francisco Monteiro de Franca e da vice-prefeita, a historiadora Emfia Lins Freire, assim como das prefeituras de Ingá e de Areia. Muito especialmente da Fundação "casa de José Américo" organizadorado evento.
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Gajić, Tijana, and Neda Maenza. "The modality of tandem learning as an aspect of a contemporary trend in foreign language learning: The example of the HelloTalk mobile app." Nastava i vaspitanje 69, no. 3 (2020): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nasvas2003361g.
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The paper highlights contemporary trends in foreign language acquisition which systematically enhance communicative abilities, contributing to the development of language skills in a creative and innovative manner. One of the leading trends is reflected in the modality of mutual learning, which is increasingly used and involves the interaction of two persons willing to teach each other their mother tongue. The paper looks at the possibilities of acquiring a foreign language using the HelloTalk mobile app, based on tandem learning and the communicative approach. The social interactions involved in problem solving through partnership enable each student to expand their zone of further development, making the topic of this paper significant in a pedagogical context. A study carried out with the aim of assessing students' attitudes to the use of this language acquisition tool is presented in the paper. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Data were collected using an online survey and also through focus group discussions. The findings suggest that one of the major advantages of learning a foreign language in this way is the partial or total reduction of language barriers, as well as the absence of anxiety and nervousness, which frequently accompany communication in a foreign language. The findings confirm that the HelloTalk mobile app, although appealing in language learning, is not widely used among the student population in Serbia due to students' lack of free time and their insufficient engagement, which is required in tandem learning.
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Haitao, Qu, Zhang Wenchao, Zhang Xiaohui, Wang Xiujun, and Li Sulong. "Shortening distance of forward and reverse primers for nucleic acid isothermal amplification." Biological Chemistry 395, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0103.
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Abstract Existent nucleic acid isothermal detection techniques for clinical diseases are difficult to promote greatly due to limitations in such aspects as methodology, costs of detection, amplification efficiency and conditions for operation. There is therefore an urgent need for a new isothermal amplification method with the characteristics of high accuracy, easy operation, short time of detection and low costs. We have devised a new method of nucleic acid isothermal amplification using Bst DNA polymerase under isothermal conditions (60–65°C). We call this method of amplification by shortening the distance between forward and reverse primers for nucleic acid isothermal amplification SDAMP. The results demonstrated that this technique is highly sensitive, specific and has short reaction times (40–60 min). Results of sequencing show that the products of SDAMP amplification are mainly polymers formed by series connection of monomers formed through linkage of forward primer and complementary sequences in reverse primer via a few bases. The method is different from current methods of nucleic acid amplification. Our study shows, however, that it is a specific method of nucleic acid isothermal amplification depending on interactions between primers and DNA template.
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Kang, Lee-Kuo, Hsuan-Fan Wang, and Jeng Chang. "Diversity of Phytoplankton Nitrate Transporter Sequences from Isolated Single Cells and Mixed Samples from the East China Sea and mRNA Quantification." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 1 (November 12, 2010): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01315-10.
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ABSTRACTThe transcript abundances of nitrate transporter genes (Nrt2) were proposed as potential markers for nitrogen deficiency in marine diatoms. To correctly quantify diatomNrt2mRNA in the East China Sea (ECS), we utilized both mixed-species sequencing and single-cell PCR to expand the sequence database for this region. Using the single-cell method of PCR, 9 new diatomNrt2sequences belonging to 5 genera, theNrt2sequences of which have never been reported before, were obtained. On the other hand, 291 sequences homologous toNrt2were retrieved from mixed-species sequencing using degenerate primers, and these sequences were clustered into 12 major groups according to a phylogenetic analysis. Based on sequence alignments, 11 pairs of group-specific PCR primers were designed to detectNrt2mRNA levels in the ECS, and 3 of these primer pairs showed high specificity to target species. In ECS phytoplankton samples, environmental RNA was amplified via antisense RNA amplification followed by cDNA production. Subsequently,Nrt2transcript levels were readily detected using quantitative PCR. Our results indicated that investigating sequence diversity followed by careful primer design and evaluation is a good strategy to quantify the expression of genes of ecologically important phytoplankton.
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Aleksic, Jelena, Jovanka Miljus-Djukic, Zivko Jovanovic, Branko Tomic, and Bojana Banovic. "Molecular tools for utilization of mitochondrial diversity in faba bean (Vicia faba)." Genetika 46, no. 3 (2014): 745–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1403745a.
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We performed in silico PCR analyses utilizing complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) genome sequences of faba bean (Vicia faba) and two related species, Vigna angularis and Vigna radiata, currently available in GenBank, to infer whether 15 published universal primer pairs for amplification of all 14 cis-spliced introns in genes of NADH subunits (nad genes) are suitable for V. faba and related species. Then, we tested via PCR reactions whether seven out of 15 primer pairs would generate PCR products suitable for further manipulation in 16 genotypes of V. faba representing all botanical varieties of this species (major, minor, equina and subsp. paucijuga) of various levels of improvement (traditional and improved cultivars) originating from Europe, Africa, Asia and south America. We provide new PCR primers for amplification of nad1 intron 2/3 in V. faba, and demonstrate intraspecific variability in primary nucleotide sequences at this locus. Based on outcomes of both in silico predictions and PCR amplification, we report a set of PCR primers for amplification of five introns in nad genes that are promising molecular tools for future phylogeographic and other studies in this species for which unambiguous data on wild ancestors, centre of origin and domestication are lacking.
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Christensen, Geoff A., Ann M. Wymore, Andrew J. King, Mircea Podar, Richard A. Hurt, Eugenio U. Santillan, Ally Soren, et al. "Development and Validation of Broad-Range Qualitative and Clade-Specific Quantitative Molecular Probes for Assessing Mercury Methylation in the Environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 19 (July 15, 2016): 6068–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01271-16.
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ABSTRACTTwo genes,hgcAandhgcB, are essential for microbial mercury (Hg) methylation. Detection and estimation of their abundance, in conjunction with Hg concentration, bioavailability, and biogeochemistry, are critical in determining potential hot spots of methylmercury (MeHg) generation in at-risk environments. We developed broad-range degenerate PCR primers spanning knownhgcABgenes to determine the presence of both genes in diverse environments. These primers were tested against an extensive set of pure cultures with published genomes, including 13Deltaproteobacteria, nineFirmicutes, and nine methanogenicArchaeagenomes. A distinct PCR product at the expected size was confirmed for allhgcAB+strains tested via Sanger sequencing. Additionally, we developed clade-specific degenerate quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers that targetedhgcAfor each of the three dominant Hg-methylating clades. The clade-specific qPCR primers amplifiedhgcAfrom 64%, 88%, and 86% of tested pure cultures ofDeltaproteobacteria,Firmicutes, andArchaea, respectively, and were highly specific for each clade. Amplification efficiencies and detection limits were quantified for each organism. Primer sensitivity varied among species based on sequence conservation. Finally, to begin to evaluate the utility of our primer sets in nature, we testedhgcAandhgcABrecovery from pure cultures spiked into sand and soil. These novel quantitative molecular tools designed in this study will allow for more accurate identification and quantification of the individual Hg-methylating groups of microorganisms in the environment. The resulting data will be essential in developing accurate and robust predictive models of Hg methylation potential, ideally integrating the geochemistry of Hg methylation to the microbiology and genetics ofhgcAB.IMPORTANCEThe neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) poses a serious risk to human health. MeHg production in nature is associated with anaerobic microorganisms. The recent discovery of the Hg-methylating gene pair,hgcAandhgcB, has allowed us to design and optimize molecular probes against these genes within the genomic DNA for microorganisms known to methylate Hg. The protocols designed in this study allow for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of pure-culture or environmental samples. With these protocols in hand, we can begin to study the distribution of Hg-methylating organisms in nature via a cultivation-independent strategy.
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Nascimento, Marilza Leal, Fernanda Hostim Rabello, Masanao Ohira, Genoir Simoni, Edson Cechinel, Rose Marie Muller Linhares, and Paulo César Alves da Silva. "Programa de Triagem Neonatal para hipotireoidismo congênito de Santa Catarina, Brasil: avaliação etiológica no primeiro atendimento." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 56, no. 9 (December 2012): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302012000900005.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a etiologia, no primeiro atendimento, dos casos de hipotireoidismo congênito primário (HCP) identificados pelo Programa de Triagem Neonatal de Santa Catarina entre julho de 2007 e junho de 2009. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 45 pacientes com HCP confirmado. Para o diagnóstico etiológico, eram realizados na primeira consulta: anamnese, exames físico e complementares (TSH, tiroxina livre, tireoglobulina, idade óssea, ultrassonografia de tireoide). RESULTADOS: Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico etiológico na primeira consulta em 53,33%. Disgenesia representou 51,11%, sendo 20% hipoplasia, 13,3% atireose e 17,7% ectopia; e 2,2% foram diagnosticados com disormoniogênese. Hérnia umbilical foi o sinal mais prevalente (48,89%) e 20% não apresentaram manifestação clínica. Aqueles com disgenesia apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) pela via de parto cesária, idade óssea atrasada e TSH sérico muito elevado. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem diagnóstica realizada no primeiro atendimento determina a etiologia do HCP em 53,3% dos casos. A metade dos pacientes apresenta disgenesia tireoidiana. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):627-32
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Figdor, A. S., and P. M. Groenendijk. "Primair lymfoom van de prostaat." Tijdschrift voor Urologie 2, no. 4 (June 2012): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13629-012-0058-5.
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Tsai, C. H., H. J. Su, Y. C. Liao, and T. H. Hung. "First Report of Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus Infecting Bougainvillea Plants in Taiwan." Plant Disease 89, no. 12 (December 2005): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1363c.
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Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis), native to Amazonian rainforests in South America, is an important ornamental and landscaping plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. A new virus disease, Bougainvillea chlorotic vein-banding, caused by a Badnavirus, Bougainvillea spectabilis chlorotic vein-banding virus (BsCVBV), was first reported in Brazil in 2001 (1) and recently discovered in Taiwan. Infected bougainvillea developed symptoms such as mottling, chlorosis, vein-banding, and stunting. Severe leaf-distortion symptoms were observed in the susceptible hybrid Taipei Red, the most popular bougainvillea cultivar in Taiwan. In electron microscopic observations, typical bacilliform virions measuring 28 × 130 to 150 nm were observed in infected bougainvillea cells. In addition, our transmission tests demonstrated that the virus could be easily transmitted among different bougainvillea cultivars by bud grafting but not by mechanical inoculation. Bougainvillea plants showed apparent symptoms 1 month after grafting. For molecular identification, viral DNA was extracted from the test plants (2), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the primers selected from the DNA sequences of ORF III of Sugarcane bacilliform virus (GenBank Accession No. M89923). The sequence of the forward primer was 5′-TCA AAG TTT GAT TTG AAG AGC GGG-3′ and the sequence of the reverse primer was 5′-CTT GCA TAC TGC TCC CCA TCC-3′ The primers amplified a 676-bp PCR product (GenBank Accession No. DQ103759). Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were 82 and 90% identical, respectively, to the corresponding region of the Brazilian strain of BsCVBV (GenBank Accession No. AY532653). These data indicate that the bougainvillea disease occurring in Taiwan is caused by a strain of BsCVBV. Reference: (1) C. M. Chagas et al. Virus Rev. Res. 6:153, 2001. (2) H.-J. Su et al. J. Phytopathol. 151:290, 2003.
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Alegre-Agís, Elisa, and Isabella Riccò. "Contribuciones literarias, biográficas y autoetnográficas a la antropología médica en España: el caso catalán." Salud Colectiva 13, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.18294/sc.2017.1203.
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El método autoetnográfico ha sido un importante aporte al desarrollo de la antropología médica en España. En la primera parte de este artículo, se exploran y revisan documentos habitualmente clasificados como literatura y autobiografías, vinculados a los procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención y publicados antes de 1980, cuyo paradigma es el diario de Ramona Via, Com neixen els Catalans, publicado en 1972. La segunda parte se enfoca en las contribuciones desarrolladas desde la década de 1980, a partir del concepto de autoetnografía, cuyos objetos son el cuerpo, la salud y la enfermedad a partir de la experiencia etnográfica subjetiva. A diferencia del primer periodo, éste se caracteriza por el surgimiento de autores antropólogos que han impulsado el desarrollo de este método legitimado desde la escuela de Tarragona, y concretizado en el primer congreso español de autoetnografía en 2015.
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Nikolausz, Marcell, Antonis Chatzinotas, András Táncsics, Gwenaël Imfeld, and Matthias Kästner. "Evaluation of Single-Nucleotide Primer Extension for Detection and Typing of Phylogenetic Markers Used for Investigation of Microbial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 9 (February 27, 2009): 2850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01910-08.
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ABSTRACT Single-nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) is an emerging tool for parallel detection of DNA sequences of different target microorganisms. The specificity and sensitivity of the SNuPE method were assessed by performing single and multiplex reactions using defined template mixtures of 16S rRNA gene PCR products obtained from pure bacterial cultures. The mismatch discrimination potential of primer extension was investigated by introducing different single and multiple primer-target mismatches. The type and position of the mismatch had significant effects on the specificity of the assay. While a 3′-terminal mismatch has a considerable effect on the fidelity of the extension reaction, the internal mismatches influenced hybridization mostly by destabilizing the hybrid duplex. Thus, carefully choosing primer-mismatch positions should result in a high signal-to-noise ratio and prevent any nonspecific extension. Cyclic fluorescent labeling of the hybridized primers via extension also resulted in a significant increase in the detection sensitivity of the PCR. In multiplex reactions, the signal ratios detected after specific primer extension correlated with the original template ratios. In addition, reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA was successfully used as a nonamplified template to prove the applicability of SNuPE in a PCR-independent manner. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the great potential of SNuPE for simultaneous detection and typing of various nucleic acid sequences from both environmental and engineered samples.
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Cánepa, Laura, and Rogério Ferraraz. "HOST." Revista FAMECOS 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): e39240. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2021.1.39240.
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Este trabalho trata do filme de horror australiano Host (Rob Savage, 2020), realizado para o canal de streaming Shudder, no primeiro semestre de 2020, durante a quarentena que paralisou o planeta por causa da pandemia da COVID-19. Dirigido a distância para emular uma sessão espírita organizada por seis amigos via aplicativo Zoom, o filme, encenado por seis atrizes e um ator com câmeras caseiras, traz ao primeiro plano o mal-estar do confinamento mediado pelos computadores e celulares. A partir de uma análise de Host, buscaremos observar como esse filme de horror nos oferece reflexões sobre a primeira experiência global de quarentena permeada pelas mídias digitais e pela internet.
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De Moura, Tathiany Rezende, Erica Feio Carneiro Nunes, Gustavo Fernando Sutter Latorre, and Marlizete Maldonado Vargas. "Dispareunia relacionada à via de parto: uma revisão integrativa." Revista de Ciências Médicas 27, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24220/2318-0897v27n3a4283.
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No pós-parto, pode haver dor durante a relação sexual e disfunções do assoalho pélvico, que são associadas ao parto vaginal pela possibilidade de lesões perineais ou episiotomia, levando a indicações de cesariana eletiva como fator de proteção da função sexual. Assim, este estudo propõe analisar a relação entre parto por vaginal ou cesárea e a presença de dispareunia no período pós-parto. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs e PubMed utilizando os descritores “Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological” e “Postpartum Period”. Foram encontrados 28 artigos, sendo incluídos 13 por se encaixarem nos critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados mostraram que a dispareunia pode ocorrer em 24,0 a 85,7% das puérperas. Após o primeiro parto vaginal, 21,0% apresentam avulsão dos levantadores do ânus, mas 62,0% não são evidentes após um ano. A alteração do corpo perineal não está relacionada a laceração ou a função sexual, mas 32,5% das mulheres que relataram dor perineal no primeiro mês relataram dispareunia aos 6 meses. 85,7% relatam dor na primeira relação pós-parto e as que tiveram cesariana foram mais propensas a dispareunia seis meses após o parto. 31,5% das lactantes aos 6 meses e 24,1 a 28,3% das que apresentaram queixas psicossocias relataram dispareunia. Concluiu-se que a disfunção sexual pode ocorrer nos primeiros meses tanto no pós-parto por via vaginal quanto cesariana, mas após o primeiro ano do parto, a função sexual parece se restabelecer independente da via de parto, com exceção dos traumas perineais severos.
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Lim, Hak-Tae. "Intraspecific Variations of Epimedium koreanum by Randomly and Specifically Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 454D—454. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.454d.
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Randomly and specifically amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used to assess the intraspecific genetic variations and relationships within Epimedium koreanum populations. A collection of 21 individuals were classified as different accessions by morphological characters such as leaflet number, shape of leaf base, cauline length, plant height, and leaf area. PCR amplification using 12 primers out of 62 [60 random (10-mer) primers, one 15-mer primer (M13 core sequence), and (GGAT)4] resulted in 89 amplified DNA fragments with polymorphisms (80.9%) in all of the tested plants. Similarity indices between accessions were computed from PCR data, and genetic relationships among intraspecific variations were closely related at the levels ranging from 0.66 to 0.93. These DNA data were not matched well with those of morphological characters because they were divided into two major groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.74. Primers (VII, VIII) gave rise to monomorphic bands in all of examined plants, but specific primers (M13 core and (GGAT)4 sequences) were found to be very valuable molecular markers to evaluate the interspecific variations in Epimedium koreanum.
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Garritz, Andoni. "Jacobus Hendricus vant Hoff. Premio Nobel hace cien años." Educación Química 12, no. 4 (August 26, 2018): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2001.4.66329.
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<span>Hace cien años, la Academia Sueca estaba entregando los primeros premios Nobel, el 10 de diciembre de 1901. El primero que lo recibió en el área de la química fue Jacobus Hendricus vant Hoff, nacido en Rotterdam, Holanda, en 1852, como un reconocimiento por descubrir las leyes de la cinética química y las leyes que gobiernan la presión osmótica de las disoluciones (Fleck, 1993). Más que ninguna otra persona, vant Hoff creó la estructura formal de la fisicoquímica, desarrolló la estereoquímica y la termodinámica de las disoluciones electrolíticas, formalizó la cinética química y fue cofundador y coeditor de Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, la primera revista de fisicoquímica.</span>
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Anastassakis, Zoy. "Primeira impressão." TRAVESSIA - revista do migrante, no. 58 (August 9, 2007): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48213/travessia.i58.228.
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Este artigo trata de uma investigação, iniciada em meu curso de graduação em desenho industrial, acerca da primeira impressão de imigrantes que chegaram à cidade do Rio de Janeiro por via marítima. Hoje retomo o material no mestrado em antropologia social do Museu Nacional -UFRJ. [...]
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Redacció, Consell. "Simposi Internacional de Filosofia de l'Esport." Comunicació educativa, no. 4 (December 27, 2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc199242.
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L'Escola de Mestres va participar en el Simposi Internacional de Filosofia de l'Esport, celebrat a Barcelona durant la primera setmana de març. Un grup de 22 alumnes de primer curs hi van assistir, dins les activitats programades a l'assignatura de Teoria i Història de l'Educació. En aquesta trobada varen ser analitzades detalladament les influències que genera l'esport en la personalització de l'ésser humà, i la correlació existent entre esport i societat, fent especial èmfasi en la necessitat de modificar alguns dels processos educatius que genera, com la competitivitat excessiva, la professionalització de l'activitat esportiva d'<em>élite</em>...
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YEAW, ZI XUAN, LEONARD WHYE KIT LIM, and HUNG HUI CHUNG. "Mutagenesis Analysis of ABCB4 Gene Promoter of Danio rerio." Trends in Undergraduate Research 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): a44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2499.2020.
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Zebrafish abcb4 gene (ortholog to human ABCB1 gene) serves primarily in multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanism by effluxing chemotherapeutic agents, chemicals, xenobiotics, and numerous anti-cancer drugs out of the cells. This study aims to identify the specific transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) within the promoter region of zebrafish abcb4 gene and determine the functional roles of these factors in abcb4 gene expression regulation via mutagenesis analysis. First, primers were designed to target and amplify the promoter region of zebrafish abcb4 gene through gradient PCR. The zebrafish abcb4 gene promoter was then cloned into pGL3.0 vector and sent for sequencing. The sequencing results revealed high similarity to zebrafish DNA sequence from clone DKEY-24I24 in linkage group 16, indicating a successful cloning of targeted gene. Thereafter, consensus sequence of zebrafish abcb4 gene promoter was generated with the length of 1,392 bp which was close to its expected size during primer design (1,500 bp). Using MATCH tool, 155 TFBSs were found within zebrafish abcb4 gene promoter region. Activator protein 1 (AP-1) TFBS at 1,255 bp was chosen to be mutated through site-directed mutagenesis. Mutagenic primers (forward primer: 5’ GGG CAA GGC AGT ATA AAC GTG 3’ and reverse primer: 5’ TTA TGT TTC TAG GGA TTA CGT CAC 3’) were designed to substitute AGT with GGG to remove the AP-1 TFBS. By mutating the zebrafish abcb4 gene promoter, the MDR phenomenon driven by zebrafish abcb4 gene can be elucidated and this might provide clues to the development of tumor and malignancy in human. The results from this study may enrich the knowledge in chemotherapy and cancer treatments.
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Giordano, Paul R., Jie Wang, Joseph M. Vargas, Janette Jacobs, Martin I. Chilvers, and Quan Zeng. "Using a Genome-Based PCR Primer Prediction Pipeline to Develop Molecular Diagnostics for the Turfgrass Pathogen Acidovorax avenae." Plant Disease 102, no. 11 (November 2018): 2224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-18-0165-re.
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Acidovorax avenae is the causal agent of bacterial etiolation and decline (BED) of creeping bentgrass, a poorly understood and often misdiagnosed disease that can result in considerable aesthetic and functional damage to golf course putting greens. Current diagnostics of BED are based on laborious culture-based methods. In this work, we employed a novel alignment-free primer prediction pipeline to design diagnostic primers for turfgrass-pathogenic A. avenae using 15 draft genomes of closely related target and nontarget Acidovorax spp. as input. Twenty candidate primer sets specific to turfgrass-pathogenic A. avenae were designed. The specificity and sensitivity of these primer sets were validated via a traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a real-time PCR assay. Primer sets 0017 and 0019 coupled with an internal oligo probe showed optimal sensitivity and specificity when evaluated with the target pathogen, closely related bacterial species, and microorganisms that inhabit the same host and soil environment. Finally, the accuracy of the newly developed real-time PCR assay was evaluated to detect BED pathogens from BED-symptomatic and asymptomatic turfgrass samples. The diagnostic results produced by the real-time PCR assay were consistent with results of a cultural-based method. This assay will allow quicker and more effective detection of the BED pathogen, thus potentially reducing misdiagnoses and unnecessary usage of fungicides.
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Perez, Liliana Inés, and Francisco Ezequiel Veiras. "Deformaciones de haces cilíndricos y cónicos al atravesar una placa plano-paralela de cristal uniaxial." Elektron 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37537/rev.elektron.2.1.39.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Una de las herramientas más usadas en la óptica es el trazado de rayos ya que es la herramienta fundamental para el diseño de todo instrumento óptico. En este trabajo se analizan las sucesivas deformaciones que un haz cilíndrico (modelo a primer orden de un haz colimado) y un haz cónico (modelo a primer orden de un haz divergente o convergente), que inciden normalmente sobre una placa planoparalela de cristal uniaxial, sufren a medida que van atravesando las distintas interfaces. Esto se hace siguiendo el camino de cada rayo incidente sobre la primera interfaz. El trazado de rayos para los rayos ordinarios es igual al trazado de rayos en medios isótropos. El trazado de rayos extraordinario, en cambio, presenta más dificultad ya que los rayos no están contenidos en el plano de incidencia y no coinciden con las normales a los frentes de onda. Se analizan también la pérdida de simetría de revolución de los haces y la formación de las sucesivas imágenes.
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Reale, Silvia, Angela Campanella, Amalia Merigioli, and Fabio Pilla. "A novel method for species identification in milk and milk-based products." Journal of Dairy Research 75, no. 1 (January 29, 2008): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029907003020.
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This study describes a method for species-specific detection of animal DNA from different species (cattle, sheep, goat, water buffalo) in milk and dairy products. A primer set was designed in conserved region on the basis of the alignment of the sequence codifying the genomic κ-casein gene in order to amplify all four species with a single primer pair. Polymorphisms were detected via minisequencing with extension primers designed in conserved sequences for haplotype determination that allow unambiguous assignment to each species. The method was successfully applied to the detection of raw and pasteurized milk from the four different species considered as well as to cheese products from the retail trade. Estimation of the limit of detection was carried out using a progression of dilutions of genomic DNA as well as DNA isolated from milk of a known number of somatic cells from different species in order to be able to achieve detection rates as low as 0·1% bovine milk mixed with buffalo milk.
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Mié, Fabian G. "La prioridad de la sustancia en la primera metafísica de Aristóteles." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 35, no. 103 (January 8, 2003): 83–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2003.1008.
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Parte de las diferencias entre los dos modelos ontológicos de Aristóteles, o sea, el de Categorías y el de Metafísica VII-IX, coincide con el desarrollo de una fundamentación de ciertos conceptos operativos. Uno de ellos es el de 'prioridad' en la noción de sustancia primera. Tras formalizar laxamente las distintas significaciones de 'prioridad' intento demostrar que esa ausencia de fundamentación está relacionada con los límites del primer esencialismo aristotélico y con un problema que domina la relación objeto-atributo. Explico este problema que hay en la fundamentación de la 'inherencia' como dependiente de la pervivencia en la primera metafísica del modelo platónico para la relación entre universales e individuos, es decir, como un problema en la justificación de los términos sortales en función identificadora. Sugiero finalmente que la transición al segundo modelo ontológico se realiza cuando se aclaran las condiciones de posibilidad de la identificación de objetos.
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Shibuya, Y., J. Sakata, N. Sukamto, T. Kon, P. Sharma, and M. Ikegami. "First Report of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in Ageratum conyzoides in Indonesia." Plant Disease 91, no. 9 (September 2007): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-9-1198b.
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Ageratum conyzoides L. plants affected with yellow vein disease were collected from Magelang, Bandung, and Purwokerto locations in Indonesia during 2001. A. conyzoides is a naturally occurring weed that is found in and around fields of cultivated pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). It is frequently found with symptoms of yellow vein disease and the abundance of whiteflies on the affected plants suggested the possible involvement of a geminivirus. Total nucleic acids were extracted from nine samples collected from these locations of A. conyzoides-affected plants exhibiting yellow vein disease and amplified using PCR with geminivirus DNA-A-specific designed primers (virion-sense primer 5′-GAGCTCTTAGCCGCCTGAATGTTC-3′; complementary-sense primer 5′-GAGCTCGTCAGATGTTAAGACCTAC-3′) (1). A PCR-amplified product of approximately 2.7 kbp was obtained from each sample. Five independent sequences were cloned and sequenced from each sample. Sequence analysis showed that five of nine samples were Ageratum yellow vein virus (one each from Bandung and Purwokerto and three from Magelang) and the remaining four samples (two samples each from Bandung and Purwokerto) were a strain of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIDV). Full-length DNA-A of PepYLCIDV from systemic A. coniziodes was amplified using PCR with additional primers designed at only one restriction site (BamHI) (5′-GGATCCGCTTGTTCATCCTTTTCCAG-3′/5′-GGATCCCACATCTTTGGTTAGTGGAGGGTG-3′) and cloned. Three independent clones obtained were sequenced and analyzed. The sequence of a full-length DNA-A component was determined (2,760 bases, GenBank Accession No. AB267838). PCR using degenerate primers (DNABLC1: 5′-GTVAATGGRGTDCACTTCTG-3′; DNABLC2: 5′-RGTDCACTTCTGYARGATGC-3′, DNABLV2: 5′-GAGTAGTAGTGBAKGTTGCA-3′) of begomovirus DNA-B component (2), five independent clones were obtained and sequenced. Primers designed to amplify a full-length B component were constructed around a unique restriction site (BamHI) (5′-GGATCCCCTCATTCCTTTTGCGGAG-3′/5′-GGATCCACAGAGGAAAACTCGCAAGGC-3′). A PCR product was obtained from A. conyzoides samples and three independent clones were sequenced and analyzed. A full-length sequence of a begomovirus B component was determined (2,746 bases, GenBank Accession No. AB267839). Five open reading frames (ORF) were found in DNA-A and two in DNA-B. The DNA-A and DNA-B had a common region (CR) (74% nucleotide sequence identity) that comprised approximately 160 nucleotides. The DNA-A and DNA-B had an identical 31-base stem loop region in the CR. In addition, DNA-A and DNA-B had the highest nucleotide sequence identity (93%) with those of PepYLCIDV (GenBank Accession Nos. AB267834 and AB267835), suggesting it is a strain of PepYLCIDV, which is widely prevalent in Indonesia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PepYLCIDV isolated from A. conyzoides plants affected with yellow vein disease. References: (1) R. W. Briddon and P. G. Markham. Mol. Biotechnol. 1:202, 1994. (2) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001.
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Prat, Joan. "Orde Benedicti." Arxiu d'Etnografia de Catalunya, no. 8 (February 12, 2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/aec8.12-29.
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L'iniciador dels benedictins fou Benet, anomenat Benet de Núrsia, per haver nascut a aquesta regió de l'Umbria italiana al segle VI. Benet era fill de família benestant i fou enviat a Roma per fer-hi estudis de Retòrica; però, desenganyat de l'ambient estudiantil, es va retirar a fer vida eremítica a Subiaco. Allí fou iniciat a la vida monàstica per un monjo, Romà —hom no pot fer-se monjo a un mateix—, i, al cap de poc temps, se li van aplegar els primers deixebles amb els quals va fundar la primera comunitat. Però, mentre a Subiaco els monjos vivien encara en petits grups, a Montecassino, la segona gran fundació, Benet organitzà i dirigí una única comunitat. Això s'esdevenia a la primera meitat del segle VI.
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Tsai, W. S., S. L. Shih, L. M. Lee, J. T. Wang, U. Duangsong, and L. Kenyon. "First Report of Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus Associated with Yellow Vein Mosaic of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Thailand." Plant Disease 97, no. 2 (February 2013): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-12-0847-pdn.
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A disease of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) causing yellowing veins and mosaic on leaves and fruit has emerged in Thailand. Incidences of 50 to 100% diseased plants were observed in fields in Kanchanaburi and Nakhon Pathom provinces in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Leaf samples were collected from three and four diseased plants in Kanchanaburi and Nakhon Pathom, respectively. All seven samples tested positive for begomovirus by PCR using universal primer pair PAL1v1978B/PAR1c715H (3). One sample from Kanchanaburi also tested positive by ELISA using Okra mosaic virus (Genus Tymovirus) antiserum (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). When the nucleotide sequences of the 1.5 kb begomovirus PCR products were compared they were found to share 99.1 to 99.5% identity with each other, and 97.5 to 97.7% identity to Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus Okra isolate from India (GenBank Accession No. GU112057; BYVMV-[IN: Kai:OY: 06]). The complete DNA-A sequence for a Kanchanaburi isolate (JX678967) was obtained using abutting primers WTHOK6FL-V/-C (WTHOK6FL-V: 5′-GCGAAGCTTAGATAACGCTCCTT-3′; WTHOK6FL-C: 5′-TCCAAGCTTTGAGTCTGCAACGT-3′), while that of a Nakhon Pathom isolate (JX678966) was obtained with primers WTHOK6FLV/WTHOK2FL-C (WTHOK2FL-C: 5′-TCCAAGCTTTGAGTCTGCATCGT-3′). The DNA-A sequences of both isolates are 2,740 nucleotides in length and share 99.6% identity. Each has the geminivirus conserved sequence (TAATATTAC), two open reading frames (ORFs) in the virus sense (V1 and V2) and four in the complementary sense (C1 to C4). Based on BLASTn searching GenBank and sequence analysis using MegAlign (DNASTAR), both DNA-A sequences have greatest nucleotide identity (96.2 to 96.4%) with BYVMV-[IN: Kai:OY: 06] from India. Also, BYVMV-associated betasatellite DNA (1.4 kb) was detected in all begomovirus-positive samples, except one sample from Nakhon Pathom (1). However, no virus DNA-B was detected in any of the samples using either general detection primer pair DNABLC1/DNABLV2 or DNABLC2/DNABLV2 (2). Okra infected with BYVMV has been reported in South Asia in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BYVMV associated with Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Southeast Asia. Since fruits with symptoms are regarded as low quality and have little market value, even low incidence of the disease is likely to cause significant reductions in marketable yield. Strategies for managing BYVMV in okra in South and Southeast Asia should be sought, including the breeding and selecting of resistant varieties. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (2) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001. (3) W. S. Tsai et al. Plant Pathol. 60:787, 2011.
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Rothberg, Paul G., Roberto L. Vargas, Raymond E. Felgar, Susan L. Polochock, and Sharon D. Frazier. "Detection of Clonality in Lymphoproliferations Using PCR of the Antigen Receptor Genes: Does Size Matter?." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4622.4622.
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Abstract A biopsy of a nasal mass was received from another institution for a hematopathology consultation. The specimen had morphologic and immunostaining features consistent with a B-cell lymphoma, histologically low-grade, and suggestive for an extranodal marginal cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. We used PCR of the IgH gene to evaluate clonality on DNA derived from this specimen. The primers were from the BIOMED-2 report (van Dongen et al. 2003, Leukemia17:2257) and the amplicons were subjected to heteroduplex formation prior to PAGE. A homoduplex of approximately 140 bp was obtained reproducibly from the FR2 and JH primers, which is below the usually acceptable size limits of 250–295 bps. No homoduplex was obtained using FR3 and JH primers. We sequenced the FR2/JH amplicon using the PCR primers as sequencing primers. The amplicon was 137 bps, with 92 bps between the primers. After the upstream VH3 FR2 primer there were approximately 25 bps from the FR2 region of several members of the VH3 family, with VH3-49 (allele *03) being the best match. Adjacent to the downstream consensus JH primer there were approximately 30 bp from the J6 segment. Between the identifiable sequences there were 37 bp that we could not identify. Blast searches turned up several matches of 18 bp, but nothing that gave convincing evidence for its origin. We interpret these results as indicating a clonal IgH rearrangement followed by a deletion that removed most of the downstream portion of the V segment, including the FR3 region. It is likely that the 37 bp in between the identified IgH segments consists of randomly inserted nucleotides and IgH sequence that has been somatically mutated beyond recognition, although other interpretations are possible. However, the amplicon does appear to be derived from an IgH rearrangement, which is consistent with derivation from a monoclonal population of B-lymphocytes. This work illustrates that DNA fragments outside of the size range expected from PCR of the antigen receptor genes may still be consistent with a monoclonal result. Thus, this type of result should not be dismissed, but should be subjected to further analysis.
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Macedo de Souza, Danilo, Monique Pereira Santana Matos, Nemesio Matos Oliveira-Neto, and Rodrigo Veiga Tenório de Albuquerque. "An Analysis of Pseudo-First-Order Behavior in Bimolecular Chemical Reactions Via Stochastic Computational Simulation." Revista Virtual de Química 12, no. 3 (2020): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20200047.
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Loke, Paxton, Chee Pang Ng, and Tiow-Suan Sim. "PCR cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of isopenicillin N synthase fromStreptomyces lipmaniiNRRL 3584." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-127.
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A key step which involves the cyclization of δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to the bicyclic ring structure of isopenicillin N in the penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic pathway, is catalyzed by isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS). In this study, an IPNS gene from Streptomyces lipmanii NRRL 3584 (slIPNS) was cloned via PCR-based homology cloning, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Soluble slIPNS was overexpressed up to 21% of total soluble protein, and verified to be functionally active when in an IPNS enzymatic assay. Sequence comparison of the slIPNS gene obtained (excluding the consensus primer sequences) with another cloned IPNS from S. lipmanii 16884.3, revealed one three-nucleotide deletion and three closely-spaced single nucleotide deletions. Futhermore, this paper also reports the first instance of the usage of PCR as an alternative and rapid strategy for IPNS cloning using consensus primers. Key words: isopenicillin N synthase, β-lactam antibiotics, secondary metabolism, consensus primers.
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Hargarten, Heidi, Sumyya Waliullah, Lee Kalcsits, and Loren A. Honaas. "Leveraging Transcriptome Data for Enhanced Gene Expression Analysis in Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 143, no. 5 (September 2018): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04424-18.
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Complex changes in gene expression occur during postharvest storage of apple (Malus ×domestica) and often precede or accompany changes in ripening and disorder development. Targeted gene expression analysis fundamentally relies on previous knowledge of the targeted gene. Minimally, a substantial fragment of the gene sequence must be known with high accuracy so that primers and probes, which bind to their targets in a complimentary fashion, are highly specific. Here, we describe a workflow that leverages publicly available transcriptome data to discover apple cultivar–specific gene sequences to guide primer design for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We find that problematic polymorphisms occur frequently in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ apple when candidate primer binding sites were selected using the ‘Golden Delicious’ genome. We attempted to validate qPCR-based gene expression measurements with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the same RNA samples. However, we found that agreement between the two technologies was highly variable and positively correlated with the similarity between cultivar-specific genes and RNA-Seq reference genes. Thus, we offer insight that 1) improves the accuracy and efficiency of qPCR primer design in cultivars that lack sufficient sequence resources and 2) better guides the essential step of validation of RNA-Seq data with a subset of genes of interest examined via qPCR.
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Kim, Soyun, Keunho Yun, Han Yong Park, Ju Young Ahn, Ju Yeon Yang, Hayoung Song, O. New Lee, Yoonkang Hur, and Man-Ho Oh. "Development of Molecular Markers for Predicting Radish (Raphanus sativus) Flesh Color Based on Polymorphisms in the RsTT8 Gene." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071386.
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Red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars are a rich source of health-promoting anthocyanins and are considered a potential source of natural colorants used in the cosmetic industry. However, the development of red radish cultivars via conventional breeding is very difficult, given the unusual inheritance of the anthocyanin accumulation trait in radishes. Therefore, molecular markers linked with radish color are needed to facilitate radish breeding. Here, we characterized the RsTT8 gene isolated from four radish genotypes with different skin and flesh colors. Sequence analysis of RsTT8 revealed a large number of polymorphisms, including insertion/deletions (InDels), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), between the red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish cultivars. To develop molecular markers on the basis of these polymorphisms for discriminating between radish genotypes with different colored flesh tissues, we designed four primer sets specific to the RsTT8 promoter, InDel, SSR, and WD40/acidic domain (WD/AD), and tested these primers on a diverse collection of radish lines. Except for the SSR-specific primer set, all primer sets successfully discriminated between red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish lines. Thus, we developed three molecular markers that can be efficiently used for breeding red-fleshed radish cultivars.
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Matos, Lara Tatiane. "Pandemia e educação na escola pública: um relato possível e incompleto." Revista NUPEART 24 (December 22, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/23580925242020093.
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Durante a primeira pandemia do século XXI, em meio a uma crise política e sanitária e dentro do primeiro confronto propriamente dito entre presença e realidade virtual, dei meus primeiros passos como educadora interessada em educar. Como professora não via espaço para inventar novos modos para além das imposições estruturais da escola pública. Na pandemia a estrutura se rompeu e, defrontada com a falta de respostas prontas, a escola precisou se abrir para novas ideias. O desconforto do momento permitiu a expansão das possibilidades e assim, pela primeira vez, me vi gozando de certa liberdade para experimentar. Neste trabalho pretendo expor uma realidade imprevista e tentar entender com o leitor o que aconteceu, do ponto de vista educacional como professora de artes/teatro numa pequena escola da rede municipal de Florianópolis.
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Leitner-Stojanov, Darko. "Militarization via Education." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2019.110104.
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This article examines the textual and visual content of the first postwar primer in socialist Yugoslav Macedonia in order to understand the messages that it contains relating to techniques of militarization. After outlining the historical context in which this primer was developed, with reference to teachers’ memories and archival sources, the article analyzes the role of teaching materials in connection with the experience of the Second World War and the politics of the new communist state. This content analysis identifies six militaristic messages and values communicated to the pupils, who are addressed as future soldiers.
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Skaliczki, Gábor, Attila Szatmári, Imre Sallai, Imre Antal, Balázs Kiss, Zoltán Bejek, Gergely Holnapy, Tibor Major, Gábor Czirók, and Tamás Terebessy. "A vértranszfúzió gyakorisága primer csípőprotézis-beültetés után." Orvosi Hetilap 161, no. 8 (February 2020): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2020.31619.
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Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Csípőprotézis-beültetés után gyakran van szükség vértranszfúzióra, mely esetenként komoly mellékhatásokkal járhat, nehezen hozzáférhető és költséges. Célkitűzés: Munkánk célja az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk, saját gyakorlatunkban milyen gyakran van szükség primer csípőprotézis-beültetés során vérátömlesztésre, és ennek gyakoriságát mely tényezők befolyásolják. Módszer: Vizsgálatunkban 210, csípőprotézis-beültetésen átesett beteg anyagát dolgoztuk fel. Feljegyeztük a műtét előtti hemoglobin- és hematokritértékeket, a betegek életkorát, nemét, testtömegindexét, a beültetett protézis típusát, a drénhasználatot, valamint a perioperatív időszakban használt véralvadásgátló és a műtét során alkalmazott vérzéscsökkentő szereket. Az adatokat összevetettük az alkalmazott transzfúzió mennyiségével és típusával. Eredmények: Összesen a betegek 41%-a kapott vérkészítményt, az allogén transzfúzió aránya 8,6% volt. Az autotranszfúziós betegek nem igényeltek allogénvér-átömlesztést. A transzfúziós igény függött a preoperatív hemoglobin- és hematokritértékektől, a protézis típusától, a drénhasználattól és a vérzéscsillapító szerek használatától. A vérátömlesztés mennyisége nem mutatott összefüggést a betegek nemével és testtömegindexével. Következtetés: Vizsgálatunk alapján allogén vér transzfúziójára az esetek kevesebb mint 10%-ában van szükség primer csípőprotézis-beültetés során. A vérátömlesztést a leginkább a preoperatív hemoglobin- és hematokritértékek, valamint az alkalmazott, fibrinolízist gátló szerek befolyásolják. Az autotranszfúzió alkalmas módszer az allogénvér-átömlesztés elkerülésére. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(8): 290–294.
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Battistella, Stefania, Francesco Damin, Marcella Chiari, Kathleen Delgrosso, Saul Surrey, Paolo Fortina, Maurizio Ferrari, and Laura Cremonesi. "Genotyping β-Globin Gene Mutations on Copolymer-Coated Glass Slides with the Ligation Detection Reaction." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.107870.
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Abstract Background: Methods are needed to analyze small amounts of samples for variation in disease-causing genes. One means is to couple the sensitivity and multiplexing capability of the ligation detection reaction (LDR) with the use of simple glass slides specifically functionalized with a novel polymer coating to enhance sensitivity. Methods: We developed an array-based genotyping assay based on glass slides coated with copolymer (N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N,N-acryloyloxysuccinimide, and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate). The assay consists of an LDR with genomic DNA followed by a universal PCR (U-PCR) of genomic DNA–templated LDR product. The LDR occurs in the presence of 3 primers for each sequence variant under investigation: 2 distinguishing primers (allele specific and perfectly complementary to wild-type and mutant alleles) and 1 common locus-specific primer. The 2 allele-specific primers have different capture sequences for binding different complementary probes on a tag array. The LDR product templated from genomic DNA is made fluorescent during the U-PCR via incorporation of a Cy5-labeled universal primer into all LDR products; detection occurs on the coated glass slides. Results: The assay was designed to detect 7 prevalent mutations in the β-globin gene (HBB, hemoglobin, beta) in a multiplex format, and signals for the different alleles are detected by their fluorescence. The assay was applied to 40 genomic DNA samples from both control individuals and patients with known β-thalassemia mutations. Results show good correspondence between the patients’ genotypes as assessed by DNA sequence analysis and those generated from the LDR assays. Conclusions: The developed technology allows accurate identification of sequence variants in a simple, cost-effective way and offers good flexibility for scaling to other applications with different numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms or mutations to be detected.