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Journal articles on the topic 'Vinyl ester resin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Sun, Jia Ying, Yan Qing Li, Wei Tian, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Study on the Resin Curing Time and the Mechanical Properties of the Composites." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.33.

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In order to study the curing characteristics of common resins including bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin and unsaturated polyester resin, the curing time of three resins was tested using cobalt naphthenate as accelerator and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as curing agent. The results showed that the resin curing time reduces with the experimental temperature rising; in order to control the curing time at about 25 minutes when the experimental temperature is 23°C, the curing agent adding proportion of bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, unsaturated polyester

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2

Ranjan, Jagesh Kumar, Raghu Raja Pandiyan Kuppusamy, and Sudipta Goswami. "Studies on Viscoelastic, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Vinyl Ester – Mixed Diluents System." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (2017): 1845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0279.

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Abstract Vinyl ester resin networks formed by using mixture of diluents were prepared. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) diluent was mixed in various proportions with vinyl ester resin which was already premixed with styrene diluent (45 wt. %). Weight ratios e.g. 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 of VE resin: MMA diluents were studied. Viscoelastic properties of the cross-linked resin were studied by dynamic mechanical analyzer in terms of storage modulus and tanδ. Thermal analysis was performed using non-isothermal mode of Differential scanning calorimetry. The samples with mixed diluents, showed higher modulus

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3

Gaur, Bharti, and J. S. P. Rai. "Rheological Behavior of Vinyl Ester Resin." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 45, no. 2 (2006): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602550500371489.

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4

Patel, R. D., J. R. Thakkar, R. G. Patel, and V. S. Patel. "Glass-reinforced Vinyl Ester Resin Composites." High Performance Polymers 2, no. 4 (1990): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095400839000200406.

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5

Pajarito, Bryan B., Masatoshi Kubouchi, Hiroyuki Tomita, and Saiko Aoki. "Microstructural Dependency of Diffusion in Glass Flake-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Resins." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 12, no. 1 (2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.49751.

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Vinyl ester resins are utilized for long-term corrosion protection of metal, alloy, and concrete substrates against concentrated acids, alkalis, and solvents at high temperature. Glass flakes are usually added as fillers to reduce chemical diffusion within the vinyl ester matrix. A common industry practice is to use glass flakes with large aspect ratio, high volume fraction, and in parallel alignment to surface in chemical contact for barrier applications. During processing and curing of glass flake-filled vinyl ester resins, irregular microstructures such as reduced flake aspect ratio and ran

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6

Chen, Hong Yan, Zhen Xing Kong, and Ji Hui Wang. "Cure and Dynamic-Mechanical Behaviors of Vinyl Ester Resinfilled with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1413.

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The cure kinetics of Derakane 411-350, a kind of vinyl ester resin, and its suspensions containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes( MWCNTs) were investigated via non-isothermal dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The results showed that incorporation of MWCNTs into vinyl ester resin excessively reduces polymerization degree and crosslinking density of vinyl ester resin. For suppressing the negative effect caused by nanotubes, the higher temperature initiator combined with the initiator MEKP was used. Dynamic-mechanical Behavior testing was then carried out on the cured sample in ord

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7

Amarababu, B., and V. Pandu Rangadu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mineral Wollastonite Particulate Filled Vinyl-Ester Resin Composites." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.91.

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In the present research presents influence of coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane sprayed on to the wollastonite particulate powder before it dispersed into the vinylester/composites. Firstly two different composites were developed in which wollastonite is filled with vinylester resin and same wollastonite was sprayed with coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane then filled with vinylester resin. The particle functionalization with a bi-functional coupling agent 1 % triethoxymethyl silane was observed to have a significant effect on the curing process and subsequent physical properties

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8

Fakhari, Alireza, Abdul Razak Rahmat, Mat Uzir Wahit, Zyad Salem Alsagayar, and Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha. "Influence of Nanoclay on Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester/Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.293.

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A series of green clay/polymer nanocomposites have been produced using blends of vinyl ester resin (VE) and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) via free radical polymerization. A solvent-based processing technique was used to incorporate the bio-resin and nanoclay into vinyl ester resin. The effects of various loadings of bio-resin (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) with 5 wt.% nanoclay on tensile and impact properties of resulting polymer systems were investigated. The results showed that, these bio-based nanocomposites exhibit mechanical properties comparable to those of petroleum-based nanocomposites

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9

Yong, Virginia, and H. Thomas Hahn. "Monodisperse SiC/vinyl ester nanocomposites: Dispersant formulation, synthesis, and characterization." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 4 (2009): 1553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0176.

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A novel dispersant “mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate” was formulated for dispersing 30-nm SiC nanoparticles in vinyl ester resin. The eight carbon rule was used as the guideline to achieve a particle–particle separation of 20 to 60 nm for colloid stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize the SiC particle surfaces. Only a negligible amount of oxidized layer was observed; which illustrates that the SiC surface is basic. Thus, the Lewis base-Lewis acid reactions make the functional group –COOH an effective adsorbate to the SiC nanoparticle surface. Th

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10

Zhang, Hua Yong, Hua Xu, and Cong Sheng Guan. "Effecting Factors on Conductivity of EG/VER Conductive Composite." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.322.

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Vinyl ester resin (VER) has excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and lower viscosity before curing. In this article low filled conductive composites were fabricated with expanded graphite (EG) and vinyl ester resin (VER). The influences of soaking time, rabbling intensity, the EG content and the coupling agent dosage on the electric conductivity were investigated. The results can provide good reference for the following bipolar plate researches.

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11

Pachha, R. R., J. R. Thakkar, and R. D. Patel. "Studies of vinyl ester resins and their urethanized derivatives." High Performance Polymers 5, no. 3 (1993): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/5/3/004.

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The epoxy resins diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and triglycidyl p-amino phenol were reacted with acrylic acid to afford the corresponding acrylated resins. These vinyl ester resins were then reacted with toluene di-isocyanate to procure their urethanized derivatives. All these resins were characterized by their viscosity, number average molecular weight and infrared spectrophotometry. Curingconditions for these resins were established by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the curing reaction follows first-order kinetics, with activation energy in the range 53-84 kJ

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12

Khalili, Amirali, Abdul Razak Rahmat, Alireza Fakhari, and Zyad Salem Alsagayar. "Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Resin/Epoxidized Plam Oil/Nanoclay Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.165.

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The aim of this study is to develop vinyl ester resin (VE) with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Nanocomposites vinyl ester resin (VE)/ epoxidized palm oil (EPO)/ clay were prepared at different amount of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) (5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) in presence of various ratio of clay (1,2 and 3 phr) by free radical polymerization. The curing agent for polymerizing nanocomposites was methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP). Studies on their mechanical and physical properties were carried out by tensile and flexural tests. The results obtained revealed interactions between the vinyl es

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13

Cotet, Adrian, Marian Bastiurea, Gabriel Andrei, Alina Cantaragiu, and Anton Hadar. "Mechanical And Thermal Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes/Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (2019): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5261.

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Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/ vinyl ester nanocomposites with three different contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been prepared by the simple melt-compounding method. A fine and homogeneous dispersion of CNTs throughout vinyl ester resin has been noticed by SEM images. Two mechanical tests (compression and three point bending test) show that, compared to neat vinyl ester resin, compression modulus and compression strength of the nanocomposites have been significantly improved by about 9% and 14%, respectively, when incorporating only 0.1

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14

Marsh, George. "Vinyl ester –the midway boat building resin." Reinforced Plastics 51, no. 8 (2007): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-3617(07)70248-5.

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15

Stone, M. A., B. K. Fink, T. A. Bogetti, and J. W. Gillespie. "Thermo-chemical response of vinyl-ester resin." Polymer Engineering & Science 40, no. 12 (2000): 2489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11380.

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16

Patel, H. S., K. K. Panchal, S. R. Patel, and S. N. Desai. "Interacting Blends of Novel Unsaturated Polyester Amide Resin with Vinyl Acetate." E-Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 5 (2004): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/924136.

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Novel unsaturated poly (ester- amide) resins (UPEAs) were prepared by the reaction between an epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol–A (DGEBA) and unsaturated aliphatic bisamic acids using a base catalyst. These UPEAs were then blended with a vinyl monomer namely, Vinyl acetate (VA) to produce a homogeneous resin syrup. The curing of these UPEAs-VA resin blends was carried out by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator for the radical polymerization and was monitored by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass fibre reinforced composites (i.e. laminates) of th

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17

Bassyouni, Mohamed, Shereen M. S. Abdel-Hamid, Mohamed H. Abdel-Aziz, and M. Sh Zoromba. "Characterization of Vinyl Ester/Jute Fiber Bio-Composites in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.221.

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In this study, vinyl ester –Jute fiber biocomposites were prepared using vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) process. Woven Jute fibers were used with mass fraction 0.68. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are added to the resin with weight ratio 0.5: 99.5 to investigate the thermo-mechanical properties of bio-composites. Storage and loss modulus of vinyl ester bio-composites were investigated in the presence MWCNTs over a range of temperature (25 to 160 oC) to measure the capacity of bio-composite to store and dissipate energy. Damping properties of vinyl ester bio-composites were studi

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18

Bakar, Norliana, and Siew Choo Chin. "Performance of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Composites: Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.284.

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Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) made from synthetic fiber had been widely used for strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in the past decades. Due to its high cost, detrimental to the environment and human health, natural fiber composites becoming the current alternatives towards a green and environmental friendly material. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composite (BFRC) with different types of resins. The BFRC specimens were prepared by hand lay-up method using epoxy and vinyl-ester resins. Bamboo fiber volume fraction

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19

Zhang, Xiuping, Liu Liu, Ming Li, et al. "Improving the interfacial properties of carbon fibers/vinyl ester composites by vinyl functionalization on the carbon fiber surface." RSC Advances 6, no. 35 (2016): 29428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00829a.

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20

Shah, Priyank N., Namjoon Kim, Zhuangrong Huang, et al. "Environmentally benign synthesis of vinyl ester resin from biowaste glycerin." RSC Advances 5, no. 48 (2015): 38673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03254g.

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21

Patel, Sanjay V., Jatin R. Thakkar, and Harshad A. Patel. "Novel Vinyl Ester Resin and its Urethane Derivatives." High Performance Polymers 11, no. 2 (1999): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/11/2/002.

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22

Gaur, Bharti, and J. S. P. Rai. "Rheological and thermal behaviour of vinyl ester resin." European Polymer Journal 29, no. 8 (1993): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(93)90324-9.

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23

Sun, Ying, and Guo Jun Wang. "Compressive Response of UHMWPE/Vinyl Ester 3D Orthogonal Woven Composites at High Strain Rates." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.522.

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The high strain rate compressive properties of UHMWPE/ vinyl ester 3D orthogonal woven composites are investigated experimentally. The composites are made from UHMWPE fiber 3D orthogonal woven preforms impregnated with vinyl ester resin by resin transfer molding. The samples are subjected to dynamic loading through the thickness direction using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar at three kinds of strain rate. The testing results are compared with the results of quasi-static tests on specimens with the same fiber volume fraction. The stress-strain relationships of UHMWPE/vinyl ester 3D orthogonal

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24

Zhao, Caiyou, Ping Wang, Qiang Yi, Xi Sheng, and Jun Lu. "A detailed experimental study of the validity and applicability of slotted stand-off layer rail dampers in reducing railway vibration and noise." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 4 (2018): 896–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418765964.

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This paper is concerned with an experimental study of improved slotted stand-off layer rail dampers in reducing railway vibration and noise. To achieve the goal, based on the idea of molecular design, polyurethane/vinyl ester resin interpenetrating polymer network damping materials with high damping properties was developed in the laboratory for the material of the damping layer. The effects of vinyl ester resin and organic small molecule hybridization on the damping properties of the polyurethane/vinyl ester resin interpenetrating polymer network material were investigated. The structural sty

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25

Chen, Hong Yan, Hua Bo Huang, and Ji Hui Wang. "Effects of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on the Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Composites." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2315.

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Chemically functionalized muliti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/vinyl ester resin (VE) nanocomposites were prepared. MWCNTs were first treated by H2SO4/HNO3 acid mixture, and then carboxylated MWCNTs were grafted of methacrylic acid glycidyl ester (GMA). Raman microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses proved the effectivenss of acid-treatment and chemical functionalization. Furthermore, chemical functionalization did not greatly disrupt carbon nanotubes structure and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that there was a GMA thin layer on the MWCNTs surf

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26

Park, Hyun Bum. "Experimental Test of Compressive Strength after Impact Damage of Natural Composite Laminate." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.277.

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In this study, structural design and analysis of the automobile bonnet is performed. The flax/vinyl ester composite material is applied for structural design. The Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) manufacturing method is adopted for manufacturing the flax fiber composite bonnet. A series of flax/vinyl ester composite panels are manufactured, and several kinds of specimens cut out from the panels are tested to obtain mechanical performance data. Based on this, preliminary structural design of the automobile bonnet is performed. Finally, this study is to investigate the residual com

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27

Fakhari, Alireza, Abdul Razak Rahmat, Mat Uzir Wahit, Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha, and Wan Nurhayati Wan Tajulruddin. "Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Thermosets from Vinyl Ester Resin and Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil (AEPO)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.73.

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A series of green hybrid thermosetting resins composed of acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) and vinyl ester (VE) were prepared via free radical polymerization. The AEPO/VE ratio was varied between 5/95 and 20/80 wt.%. The mechanical properties of resulting hybrid systems were investigated by tensile and flexural tests. The results revealed that these hybrids exhibit mechanical properties comparable to those of commercial vinyl ester resins.

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28

Huo, Shanshan, Venkata S. Chevali, and Chad A. Ulven. "Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 128, no. 5 (2012): 3490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.38565.

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29

Yang, Ming, Ying Song Zhao, Yan Qin, and Yu Jing Nie. "Study on the Synthesis of Vinyl Ester and its Using as Thickener for SMC." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1059.

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One kind of vinyl ester has been synthesized by treating epoxy resin with acrylic acid in toluene and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR results showed that the epoxy resin is indeed reacted with acrylic acid through epoxy group and carboxyl of acrylic acid. The influences of reaction factors have been studied in detail. Experimental and properties testing results showed that this kind of vinyl ester, which obtained under the conditions of the temperature is 100 °C, amount of catalyst is 1.0 wt% and the feed ratio is 1.02:1(the molar ratio of acid to epoxy),

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30

Cui, Hui-Wang, Jin-Ting Jiu, Shijo Nagao, et al. "Ultra-fast photonic curing of electrically conductive adhesives fabricated from vinyl ester resin and silver micro-flakes for printed electronics." RSC Adv. 4, no. 31 (2014): 15914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra00292j.

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31

Ferdous, Wahid, Allan Manalo, Peng Yu, et al. "Tensile Fatigue Behavior of Polyester and Vinyl Ester Based GFRP Laminates—A Comparative Evaluation." Polymers 13, no. 3 (2021): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030386.

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Fatigue loading is critical to fibre reinforced polymer composites due to their anisotropic and heterogenous nature. This study investigated the tensile fatigue behaviour of polyester and vinyl ester based GFRP laminates to understand the critical aspects of failure mode and fatigue life under cyclic loading. GFRP laminates with two different resin systems (polyester and vinyl ester), two different stress ratios (0.1 and 0.5) and two different environmental conditions (air and water) were investigated at an applied stress of 80%, 60%, and 40% of the ultimate capacity. Based on the investigated

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32

Park, Hyun Bum. "Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Composite Using RTM Manufacturing Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.473.

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In this study, an investigation on mechanical properties of flax/vinyl ester natural fiber composite was performed. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) manufacturing method was adopted for manufacturing the flax fiber composite specimen. The mechanical properties of the manufactured flax composites were compared with flax composite data cited from some references. Based on this, the experimental data showed that the flax/vinyl ester composite has some advantages when it is applied to environment-friendly structure.

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33

Vemuganti, Shreya, Rahulreddy Chennareddy, Amr Riad, and Mahmoud M. Reda Taha. "Pultruded GFRP Reinforcing Bars Using Nanomodified Vinyl Ester." Materials 13, no. 24 (2020): 5710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245710.

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Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars have relatively low shear strength, which limits their possible use in civil infrastructure applications with high shear demand, such as concrete reinforcing dowels. We suggest that the horizontal shear strength of GFRP bars can be significantly improved by nanomodification of the vinyl ester resin prior to pultrusion. The optimal content of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) well dispersed into the vinyl ester resin was determined using viscosity measurements and scanning electron micrographs. Longitudinal tension and sh

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34

Patel, Hasmukh S., and Kumar K. Panchal. "Interacting Blends of Novel Unsaturated Polyester Amide Resin with Styrene." E-Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/521631.

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Novel unsaturated poly (ester-amide) resins (UPEAs) were prepared by the reaction between an epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol–A (DGEBA) and unsaturated aliphatic bisamic acids using a base catalyst. These UPEAs were then blended with a vinyl monomer namely, Styrene (STY.) to produce a homogeneous resin syrup. The curing of these UPEAs-STY. resin blends was carried out by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a catalyst and was monitored by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass fibre reinforced composites (i.e. laminates) of these UPEA-STY. resin blends were fabr

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35

Sun, Zu Li, Ming En Guo, and Zhi Ning Yu. "Research on VARTM Technology for Fabricating Basalt Fiber/Vinyl Ester Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.19.

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Basalt fiber has good sea water resistance, heat resistance and sound insulation. This shows that, basalt fiber is ideal material for ship manufacturing. Because of the bad fiber permeability, using VARTM process to produce large basalt fiber marine components still has deficiency. Taking basalt fiber/vinyl resin composite shell as object, research was taken to find the method of improving resin flow velocity and suitable resin injection strategy system in VARTM process. The results show that air release additive contributes to the resin’s flow in preform body, and the tensile strength and fle

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36

Liu, Jian Ye, He Yi Ge, Juan Chen, and Hua Shi Liu. "Effect of Sizing Agent on the Surface of Carbon Fiber and Interfacial Adhesion of Carbon Fiber/Vinyl Ester Resin Composite." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2958.

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The vinyl ester resin sizing agents modified with epoxidized polybutadiene or epoxy terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile oligomer were prepared. The influence of the sizing agents on the performances of carbon fiber and its composite was studied. Surface topography of carbon fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fluffs and breakage, stiffness test were used to analyze the workability in later process of carbon fiber. The results indicated that the sizing agents had important influence to the carbon fiber and its composite. SEM images demonstrated that the sized carbon fi

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37

Cui, Hui-Wang, Katsuaki Suganuma, and Hiroshi Uchida. "Using the Ozawa method to study the thermally initiated curing kinetics of vinyl ester resin." RSC Advances 5, no. 4 (2015): 2677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11735b.

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1,1-Bis(t-hexylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane was introduced to thermally initiate the curing of vinyl ester resin, and a dynamic differential scanning calorimetry method was applied to investigate the thermally initiated curing procedures.

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38

Robinette, E. J., S. Ziaee, and G. R. Palmese. "Toughening of vinyl ester resin using butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber modifiers." Polymer 45, no. 18 (2004): 6143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.07.003.

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39

Yang, Gengliang, Haiyan Liu, Ligai Bai, Mingming Jiang, and Tao Zhu. "Preparation and characterization of novel poly(vinyl ester resin) monoliths." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 112, no. 1-3 (2008): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.10.009.

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40

Liu, Wenbo, Weiwei Jiao, Fan Yang, Rongguo Wang, Lizhi Li, and Weicheng Jiao. "Study on rheological behavior of vinyl ester resin during thickening." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 24, no. 3 (2016): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.21572.

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41

Chaithanyan, C., T. Panneerselvam, S. Raghuraman, and B. Vijaya Ramnath. "Investigation of Tensile Behavior of Sisal and Coir Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Vinyl Ester Resin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 591 (July 2014): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.591.146.

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Composite materials play a major role in engineering application due to its light weight, good stiffness, high specific strength and flexible nature. Because of these properties, fibers are interbreed with glass fiber for the applications in the automobile, aircraft industries and household appliances are wider. This paper deals with fabrication and investigation of tensile behavior of hybrid composites using vinyl ester resin. Natural fibers, sisal and coir fibers which are commixed with vinyl ester with a volume fraction of 0.4 and 0.5 using hand lay-up process. The tensile strength of sisal

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42

Jiang, Guo Zhan, and Stephen J. Pickering. "Recycled Carbon Fibres: Contact Angles and Interfacial Bonding with Thermoset Resins." Materials Science Forum 714 (March 2012): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.714.255.

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Recycled T800S carbon fibre from a polymer composite using a pyrolysis process was compared with virgin T800S fibre and the contact angle and interfacial shear strength with epoxy and vinyl ester resins were measured. The contact angles were measured using drop length-height method, and the interfacial shear strengths were measured using micro-bond method. For the same type of resin, the recycled T800S carbon fibre had a greater contact angle and lower interfacial shear strength than those of the virgin fibre.

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Sun, Zu Li, Ming En Guo, Jun Li, and Gui Qing Luan. "Influence of Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Composites Fabricated by VARTM Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.1084.

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Some glass fiber/vinyl ester resin composite laminated panels were fabricated by varying levels of resin temperature, resin bleeding time and vacuum level. Interlaminar shear tests were performed to investigate the effects of process parameters on interlaminar shear strength (ISS) of laminated panel. The optimization of processing parameters was also conducted by employing the method of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in order to improve the ISS of laminated panel. The optimized test results are: resin temperature 30°C, resin bleeding time 7s, vacuum level 97KPa, and the result of ISS is 41.2

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Ikuta, N., A. Yanagawa, Y. Suzuki, and S. Ochiai. "Investigation on resin interphase produced near silane-treated glass fiber in vinyl ester resin." Composite Interfaces 7, no. 5-6 (2000): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855400750262987.

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Ikuta, N., A. Yanagawa, Y. Suzuki, and S. Ochiai. "Investigation on resin interphase produced near silane-treated glass fiber in vinyl ester resin." Composite Interfaces 8, no. 2 (2000): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855400750387772.

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Ku, Harry, Mohan Trada, and Rezwanul Huq. "A Pilot Study on the Flexural Properties of Vinyl Ester Composites Filled with Glass Powder." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.3.

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Vinyl ester resin was filled with of glass powder with a view to increasing the flexural strength of the composites for civil and structural applications by a research Centre on composites, University of Southern Queensland (USQ). In order to reduce costs, the Centre wishes to fill as much glass powder as possible to the resin subject to maintaining sufficient strength of the composites in civil and structural applications. This project varies the percentage by weight of the glass powder in the composites, which are then subjected to flexural tests. The flexural strength and strain of the glas

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Balıkoğlu, F., TK Demircioğlu, M. Yıldız, N. Arslan, and A. Ataş. "Mechanical performance of marine sandwich composites subjected to flatwise compression and flexural loading: Effect of resin pins." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 6 (2018): 2030–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218792671.

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Mechanical performance of marine sandwich panels comprising E-glass/vinyl ester face sheets and perforated poly-vinyl chloride foam core was evaluated and compared with conventional foam core sandwich panels. Circular holes through the foam core thickness were drilled with 12 different arrangements in square patterns and the holes were filled with the resin during the infusion process which created the through-the-thickness solid resin pins. The effect of each pattern on the flatwise compression and core shear properties of the sandwich panels were experimentally investigated. The three-point

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Ravindra Rama, Shetty, and S. K. Rai. "Performance analysis of waste silk fabric-reinforced vinyl ester resin laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 23 (2011): 2475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998311401097.

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Laminates of vinyl ester resin system with different weight fractions of waste silk fabrics ‘as reinforcement’ are developed and their physico-mechanical properties are studied, using standard procedure. Both, tensile strength and modulus of laminates were found to increase with the increase in weight fraction of silk fabric loading. Properties such as density, void content, hardness, and water absorption of the developed composite laminates are studied. Chemical resistance test is also carried out. Attempts to explain these differing trends are made in this study by analyzing the features obs

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Chitsazzadeh, M., H. Shahverdi, and Mahmood M. Shokrieh. "Fabrication of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites: Dispersion and Stabilization." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.460.

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Excellent physical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them outstanding candidate as fillers to fabricate multi-functional polymer composites. It is assumed that a high level of dispersion in the preparation stage may lead to a more effective nanocomposite. In this research, the dispersion state of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at various contents in an unsaturated vinyl ester resin is investigated during fabrication by on-line monitoring the viscosity of suspensions as a function of sonication time and energy introduced. The results show that initial viscosities

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Lima Sobrinho, Ledjane, Marysilvia Ferreira, and Fernando Luiz Bastian. "The effects of water absorption on an ester vinyl resin system." Materials Research 12, no. 3 (2009): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392009000300017.

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