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Journal articles on the topic 'Violence and Youth'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Hopf, Werner H., Günter L. Huber, and Rudolf H. Weiß. "Media Violence and Youth Violence." Journal of Media Psychology 20, no. 3 (January 2008): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.3.79.

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The frequency of exposure to media violence and eight additional risk factors were path-analyzed in a 2-year longitudinal study. The exposure to media violence (total score) affected students’ later violence (β = .28) and later violent delinquency (β = .30) more strongly than other risk factors. Direct effects were also caused by risk factors assessed at Time 1, which in turn were reinforced by the remaining risk factors on the second or third stratum of analysis. Of particular importance are the findings that (1) playing violent electronic games is the strongest risk factor of violent criminality and (2) both media-stimulated and real experiences of aggressive emotions associated with the motive of revenge are core risk factors of violence in school and violent criminality. The results of our study show that the more frequently children view horror and violence films during childhood and the more frequently they play violent electronic games at the beginning of adolescence the higher will these students’ violence and delinquency be at the age of 14.

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2

Shrestha, Ramesh, and Bert Jenkins. "Understanding Youth Political Violence in Nepal." Millennial Asia 10, no. 1 (April 2019): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399619827118.

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Social, economic and political injustice promotes violence among youth. Political parties involved in Nepali democratic upheavals resort to violence; this is where youth are portrayed as major actors in performing violent acts. Youths have always taken part in these political struggles. Political parties have used facts that relate to people suffering from various miseries as a means of manoeuvring and mobilizing youth to participate in armed struggles and uprisings. One would expect these violent episodes to have decreased as the country is now transitioning from armed conflict towards a sustainable peace, but instead post-war Nepal has been continuously facing challenges that youth are posing through their violent behaviours. Addressing issues of unemployment, a corrupt political culture, nepotism and inappropriate political socialization are factors which require urgent responses with political commitment to stop youth participation in political violence. One way to realize this would be to encourage youth engagement in positive peace-building endeavours in Nepal.

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3

Webber, Jo. "Comprehending Youth Violence." Remedial and Special Education 18, no. 2 (March 1997): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259701800203.

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Over the past decade, criminal and violent acts committed by juveniles have increased dramatically. Several factors have contributed to this disturbing trend, including negative family situations, difficult individual characteristics, and societal factors. Because this problem is of so much concern to so many people, a myriad of programs, strategies, and policies have been suggested and implemented for the purpose of reducing youth violence. The literature is replete with program descriptions and global recommendations for schools, mental health agencies, juvenile justice agencies, and lawmakers. In fact, this wealth of literature has made it increasingly difficult for practitioners to decipher the true nature of youth violence and to analyze the responses. In order to assist practitioners in their task of coping with aggressive and violent youth, this article will apply a transactional-ecological framework to the problem of youth violence. By viewing this troublesome issue within a comprehensive framework, readers will be better equipped to understand the nature of the problem, to choose their own role in preventing and treating it, and to evaluate current recommendations.

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4

Kaur, Simarpreet. "An Overview Of Youth and Violence." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 1, no. 3 (February 28, 2008): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v1i3.3075.

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In this paper, an overview of four key questions are addressed: 1) Are todays youth really more violent? 2) How many youth are victims of violence or committing violent acts themselves? 3) What are the major causes of youth violence? and 4) What is known about the prevention and control of youth violence?

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5

Finigan-Carr, Nadine M., Andrea Gielen, Denise L. Haynie, and Tina L. Cheng. "Youth Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31, no. 19 (July 10, 2016): 3257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515584348.

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6

McLAUGHLIN, COLLEEN R., JAY A. YELON, RAO IVATURY, and HARVEY J. SUGERMAN. "Youth Violence." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 1, no. 2 (April 2000): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838000001002001.

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7

Dahlberg, Linda L., and Lloyd B. Potter. "Youth violence." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00268-3.

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8

Davis, Eddie, and Creigs Beverly. "Youth Violence:." Journal of Multicultural Social Work 1, no. 3 (October 29, 1991): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j285v01n03_04.

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9

Ndungu, Irene. "Youth violence." African Security Review 21, no. 4 (December 2012): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.722342.

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10

Niño, Michael, Gabe Ignatow, and Tianji Cai. "Social Isolation, Strain, and Youth Violence." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2016): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016636435.

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This article examines the relationship between types of social isolation and violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from elements of general strain theory, we test whether the isolation–violence relationship varies across different types of isolated youth when compared to sociable youth. We also test whether other negative experiences and circumstances (types of social strain) associated with adolescence moderate the relationship between isolation types and violent delinquency. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that different types of social isolation had varying effects on violent delinquency. Socially disinterested youth show a greater capacity for violent behavior, but other types of marginalized youth showed no difference in violence when compared to sociable youth. Results also demonstrate that some types of strain moderate the isolation–violence relationship. The implications of these findings for research on peer relations, adolescent strain, and violence are discussed.

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11

Soller, Brian, Aubrey L. Jackson, and Erin R. Coleman. "Violent Peers and Street Efficacy in Legally Cynical Neighborhoods." Social Currents 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516651640.

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Neighborhood scholars increasingly focus on legal cynicism—a frame through which the law and its enforcement agents are viewed as illegitimate and ineffective. We investigate how legal cynicism within the residential neighborhood and violent peers jointly inform youths’ perceived ability to safely navigate their neighborhoods—that is, their street efficacy. We propose that youth in neighborhoods with pervasive legal cynicism exhibit diminished street efficacy because they lack confidence that legal social control will benefit them. But youth in legally cynical neighborhoods who rely on an alternative social control—peer violence—may exhibit relatively more street efficacy despite lacking legal recourse. Results from multilevel analyses of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) indicate that in neighborhoods with high levels of legal cynicism, youth who associate with more violent peers exhibit greater street efficacy. But in neighborhoods with low levels of legal cynicism—that is, where legal recourse is a viable social control option and violence likely entails unnecessary risks—youth with more violent peers exhibit less street efficacy. The results suggest that the consequences of peer violence are complex and depend on the extent of legal cynicism within youths’ neighborhoods. The theoretical, empirical, and policy implications of these findings are discussed.

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12

Lohmeyer, Ben Arnold. "Youth as an artefact of governing violence: Violence to young people shapes violence by young people." Current Sociology 66, no. 7 (November 20, 2017): 1070–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117738040.

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Young people are routinely depicted as uniquely violent. Much work has been done, particularly within the sociology of youth, to dispel this misconception. However, these portrayals persist, as does the narrative of youth as a period of transition. This article argues that the transition in youth is a process of governing violence into sanctioned forms. To achieve adult status young people must conform to sanctioned forms of violence. Furthermore, the article argues that the physical, structural and symbolic violence done to young people, shapes the violence done by them. Youth is an intensely governed period. The young people in focus in this article are subject to additional governing by the state. They are hyper-governed. This article draws on labelling theory and the analytics of governmentality to analyse hyper-governed young people’s experiences of ubiquitous violence. Hyper-governed young people describe experiences of ‘neoliberal violence’ that produce docility and progressively increasing commitments to the norms of violence. The article concludes, therefore, that youth is an artefact of violence that governs, but also the product of governing young people’s violence. Youth as an artefact of governing violence describes violence done to young people shaping violence done by young people.

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13

Slovak, Karen, and Mark Singer. "Gun Violence Exposure and Trauma Among Rural Youth." Violence and Victims 16, no. 4 (January 2001): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.16.4.389.

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This study compared rural youth exposed to gun violence and rural youth not exposed to gun violence on a number of variables: anger, anxiety, dissociation, depression, posttraumatic stress, total trauma, violent behavior, parental monitoring, and levels of violence in the home, school, and community. One-fourth (25%) of the rural youth in this study reported having been exposed to gun violence at least once. Youth exposed to gun violence reported significantly more anger, dissociation, posttraumatic stress, and total trauma. In addition, youth exposed to the violence of guns reported significantly higher levels of violent behaviors and exposure to violence in other settings and also reported lower levels of parental monitoring. The present study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing the stereotype that rural communities are not immune to the violence of firearms. This stereotype acts as a barrier to mental health practice, research, and policy issues in rural communities.

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14

Peetz, Peter. "Youth Violence in Central America." Youth & Society 43, no. 4 (October 11, 2010): 1459–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10384236.

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The article analyzes the social construction of youth violence in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador on the one hand, and the related security policies of the three states, on the other. In each country, there is an idiosyncratic way of constructing youth violence and juvenile delinquency. Also, each country has its own manner of reaction to those problems. In El Salvador youths are socially constructed as a threat to security, and the state implements predominantly repressive policies to protect citizens against that threat. In Nicaragua and Costa Rica, where the social discourse on youth violence is less prominent, the state’s policies are neither very accentuated nor very coherent, whether in terms of repressive or nonrepressive measures. There are strong relationships and mutual influences between the public’s fear (or disregard) of youth violence and the state’s policies to reduce it.

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15

Silva, Teresa C., and Håkan Stattin. "The moderating role of parenting on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior in adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415001121.

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AbstractWe aimed to analyze the impact of several parenting factors on the relationship between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Nine hundred youths and their mothers reported on parent–youth interactions, and youth self-report measures of psychopathy, delinquency and violent behavior were taken. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of interactions between parenting and psychopathy scores. In terms of delinquency, linear interactions between psychopathy and the level of conflict with parents and parents' knowledge of their youths' whereabouts/youths' willingness to disclose information were found based on the data reported by the youths. Data reported by mothers indicated a linear interaction between psychopathy and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure, and a quadratic interaction of conflict with parents. For violence, we used logistic regression models to analyze moderation. No interaction effects between psychopahy scores and parenting factors were found. Youths' reports of high conflict with parents and parents' knowledge/youth disclosure showed to have an impact on violence regardless of the level of psychopathic traits. Implications for the prevention and treatment are discussed.

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16

Logan, Joseph E., Kevin J. Vagi, and Deborah Gorman-Smith. "Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying." Crisis 37, no. 6 (September 2016): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000389.

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Abstract. Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11–12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.

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17

RAHIM, KAMRUDDIN MERCHANT, RAFIQ INARA, RAFIQ NASREEN, RAFIQ NEELAM, and AHMED KHOWAJA ANAIZ. "VIOLENCE IN YOUTH." i-manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology 13, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jpsy.13.1.15577.

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18

Taylor, Terrance J. "Youth violence prevention." Journal of Crime and Justice 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0735648x.2014.860737.

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19

Ono, Yoshiro, and Andres J. Pumariega. "Violence in youth." International Review of Psychiatry 20, no. 3 (January 2008): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260801990241.

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20

Hogeveen, Bryan R. "Youth (and) Violence." Sociology Compass 1, no. 2 (September 21, 2007): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00016.x.

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21

GRUS, CATHERINE L. "Violence and youth." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 22, no. 5 (October 2001): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200110000-00029.

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22

Shamsie, S. Jalal. "Violence and Youth." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 7 (November 1985): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378503000707.

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23

Tibbs, Calondra D., Dedra Layne, Blaire Bryant, Margaret Carr, Melanie Ruhe, Sheree Keitt, and Jonathan Gross. "Youth Violence Prevention." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 23, no. 6 (2017): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000687.

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24

Yonas, Michael A. "Addressing Youth Violence." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 10, no. 6 (November 2004): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200411000-00015.

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25

Kulig, Judith C., Deana Nahachewsky, Barry L. Hall, and Ruth Grant Kalischuk. "Rural Youth Violence." Canadian Journal of Public Health 96, no. 5 (September 2005): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404032.

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26

Heller, Sara B. "Summer jobs reduce violence among disadvantaged youth." Science 346, no. 6214 (December 4, 2014): 1219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1257809.

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Every day, acts of violence injure more than 6000 people in the United States. Despite decades of social science arguing that joblessness among disadvantaged youth is a key cause of violent offending, programs to remedy youth unemployment do not consistently reduce delinquency. This study tests whether summer jobs, which shift focus from remediation to prevention, can reduce crime. In a randomized controlled trial among 1634 disadvantaged high school youth in Chicago, assignment to a summer jobs program decreases violence by 43% over 16 months (3.95 fewer violent-crime arrests per 100 youth). The decline occurs largely after the 8-week intervention ends. The results suggest the promise of using low-cost, well-targeted programs to generate meaningful behavioral change, even with a problem as complex as youth violence.

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Hong, Jun Sung, Saijun Zhang, Viktor Burlaka, Mieko Yoshihama, Yueqi Yan, and Dexter R. Voisin. "From Exposure to Violence between Mother and Her Intimate Partner to Suicidality Experienced by Urban Adolescents in Chicago’s Southside." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 7870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157870.

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Although the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence and youths’ psychological and other wellbeing has been widely studied, there is limited research about how youths’ exposure to violence between mother and her intimate partner may be related to youth psychological wellbeing. The study used a sample of urban adolescents in Chicago Southbound to examine whether youths’ exposure to verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner is related to their suicidality and whether youth depression and aggression may be in between such a linkage. Our findings indicated that one-third of the youth had suicidal thoughts or suicidal/self-hurting attempts. Youths’ exposure to verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner was associated with their depressive and aggressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms subsequently were linked to suicidality. The findings also showed that youth depressive symptoms and aggressive symptoms were positively correlated, which may influence their associations with suicidality. We concluded that youth exposure to parental intimate partner violence, even comparatively mild forms such as a verbal conflict between mother and her intimate partner, may increase their risk of suicidality by worsening psychological wellbeing. The findings highlight the importance of tackling youth suicidality risks while accounting for their exposure to intimate partner violence including verbal conflicts between parents.

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28

Choe, Daniel Ewon, Marc A. Zimmerman, and Bashi Devnarain. "Youth Violence in South Africa: Exposure, Attitudes, and Resilience in Zulu Adolescents." Violence and Victims 27, no. 2 (2012): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.2.166.

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Exposure to violence is common in South Africa. Yet, few studies examine how violence exposure contributes to South African adolescents’ participation in youth violence. The aims of this study were to examine effects of different violence exposures on violent attitudes and behavior, to test whether attitudes mediated effects of violence exposures on violent behavior, and to test whether adult involvement had protective or promotive effects. Questionnaires were administered to 424 Zulu adolescents in township high schools around Durban, South Africa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test associations among violence exposures and both violent attitudes and behavior. Victimization, witnessing violence, and friends’ violent behavior contributed directly to violent behavior. Only family conflict and friends’ violence influenced violent attitudes. Attitudes mediated effects of friends’ violence on violent behavior. Multiple-group SEM indicated that adult involvement fit a protective model of resilience. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for prevention.

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29

DeLisi, Matt, Michael G. Vaughn, Douglas A. Gentile, Craig A. Anderson, and Jeffrey J. Shook. "Violent Video Games, Delinquency, and Youth Violence." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 11, no. 2 (October 17, 2012): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204012460874.

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30

Devi, Dr B. Praveena. "Violence a Hurdle for Peace Approach of Youth." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2014/17.

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31

Snider, Carolyn E., and Jacques S. Lee. "Emergency department dispositions among 4100 youth injured by violence: a population-based study." CJEM 9, no. 03 (May 2007): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500014998.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Concern about youth violence in Canada is growing. Because victims of violence are more likely to become future violent perpetrators, preventative interventions are often based out of inpatient units; however, the question of how often youth who have been injured due to violence are discharged from emergency departments (EDs), or whether there are opportunities for emergency healthcare workers to deliver violence prevention programs, is not known. The primary objectives of this study were to describe the frequency and patterns of violent injuries among youth, to determine how many injured youth are discharged directly from EDs and to estimate the proportion of injured youth who may benefit from ED-based intervention programs. Methods: We conducted an observational study using a population-based database that records information on all ED visits in Ontario. We analyzed age, sex, cause of injury and disposition for all patients aged 12–19 years who presented to Toronto EDs with violent injuries during a 2-year period (April 2002 to March 2004). Results: A total of 4100 patients aged 12–19 years visited Toronto EDs with violent injuries during the study period. Assault due to bodily force (in contrast to sharp objects, guns or other) was the most common injury mechanism, accounting for 48.7% of cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.1%–50.2%). The majority of patients (89.3%; 95% CI 88.3%–90.2%) were discharged directly from EDs, including 44% of gun-related injuries. Conclusion: In Toronto, a large proportion (89.3%) of youth injured in violent incidents are discharged directly from EDs. There are opportunities to develop ED-based youth violence prevention initiatives.

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32

Wilkinson, Deanna L., and Patrick J. Carr. "Violent youths' responses to high levels of exposure to community violence: what violent events reveal about youth violence." Journal of Community Psychology 36, no. 8 (November 2008): 1026–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20278.

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33

Leschied, Alan W. "THE CORRELATES OF YOUTH VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE LITERATURE." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 2.1 (May 12, 2011): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs22.120117707.

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<p>This review provides a general presentation of the factors that are linked to youth violence. In general, these risk factors can include any of the following: pregnancy and delivery complications, emotion-related disorders, hyperactivity, concentration problems, restlessness, risk taking, aggressiveness, early initiation into violent behaviour and beliefs, and attitudes supportive to violent behaviour. What can increase our accuracy of prediction for youth violence is an appreciation of the systemic factors that interact with these individual risk factors. These can include factors within the family including: early family conditions related to poverty, abuse, a generally poor relationship between child and parent, and parental criminality. Peers also play a role in rewarding behaviour and attitudes supportive of youth violence. The implications for knowledge with respect to these correlates are highlighted in a review of promising programs that address youth violence.</p>

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34

Gauducheau, Nadia. "Internet Practices and Differences in Youths' Acceptability of Online Verbal Violence." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 9, no. 2 (April 2019): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2019040102.

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The purpose of the current study was to examine the perception of verbal violence by youths in online exchanges. Undergraduate students gave their opinions on a number of violent and nonviolent messages in a forum. It was observed that verbal violence arouses an ambivalent attitude, i.e., it is considered both unacceptable and humorous. The results showed that the acceptability of verbal violence is related to the topic of discussion and to youths' Internet practices. Verbal violence is more often rejected when the topic of discussion is less serious. A high acceptability of verbal violence is associated with a high level of time spent on the Internet and a high use of humor in a youth's own messages. The results contribute to identifying the communication norms for youth in online environments.

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35

Zaykowski, Heather. "Victim Consciousness Among Youth and Their Responses to Violent Encounters." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 3 (April 13, 2016): 516–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516642292.

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This study examines how youth interpret potentially violent encounters, their own identity as victims, and their responses to dangerous situations. The purpose is to understand when “victimization” does or does not lead to a violent response and how individuals negotiate risky situations. Qualitative interviews from 147 youth, aged 12 to 23 across three high-crime neighborhoods in Philadelphia, were examined. Of these youth, 86 individuals described 136 encounters with violent or threatening situations. Coding examined themes in youth perceptions of these encounters, as well as their responses. Three themes emerged in the youth’s accounts: youth as victims, youth as street smart, and youth action as self-defense. Youth’s understanding of risk and situational dynamics of the encounter shaped their perceptions of violent incidents and consequently if they responded with violence or used other strategies such as help seeking, avoidance, negotiation, or tolerance. Youth’s understanding of victimhood should be considered in research on the victim–offender overlap and generally in youth violence studies. Implications for the victim–offender overlap include incorporating a more nuanced perspective on social distance and power dynamics as understood by victims. Implications for policy include providing culturally sensitive violence reduction models and victim services that account for youth’s own understanding of their experiences.

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36

Henriksen, Ann-Karina, and Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson. "Trivializing violence: Marginalized youth narrating everyday violence." Theoretical Criminology 22, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616671995.

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This article analyzes narratives of violence based on interviews with 43 marginalized young Danish people. Their narratives reveal that violence is not only experienced as singular, dramatic encounters; violence is also trivialized in their everyday lives. By drawing on anthropological perspectives on everyday violence, we propose a sensitizing framework that enables the exploration of trivialized violence. This framework integrates three perspectives on the process of trivialization: the accumulation of violence; the embodiment of violence; and the temporal and spatial entanglement of violence. This analysis shows how multiple experiences of violence—as victim, witness, or perpetrator—intersect and mutually inform each other, thereby shaping the everyday lives and dispositions of the marginalized youth. The concept of trivialized violence is a theoretical contribution to cultural and narrative criminology research concerned with the everyday experiences of living with violence.

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37

Arehart-Treichel, Joan. "Witnessing Violence Makes Youth More Violence Prone." Psychiatric News 40, no. 13 (July 2005): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.40.13.00400028.

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38

Earls, Felton J. "Violence and Today's Youth." Future of Children 4, no. 3 (1994): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602432.

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39

Males, Mike A. "America's youth violence hoax." Lancet 354, no. 9189 (October 1999): 1563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)76602-2.

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40

Biden, Joseph R. "Commentary: Attacking youth violence." Criminal Justice Ethics 17, no. 1 (January 1998): 2–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.1998.9992042.

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41

Peterson, Dana, Finn-Aage Esbensen, Terrance J. Taylor, and Adrienne Freng. "Youth Violence in Context." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 5, no. 4 (October 2007): 385–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204006297369.

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42

Dyment, Paul G. "Violence in Youth Hockey." Physician and Sportsmedicine 17, no. 3 (March 1989): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1989.11709728.

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Hoagwood, Kimberly. "Research on Youth Violence." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 8, no. 2 (April 2000): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342660000800202.

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44

Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio. "Youth, Violence, and Democracy." Current History 106, no. 697 (February 1, 2007): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2007.106.697.64.

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45

Smith, Cindy J. "Book Review: Youth Violence." Criminal Justice Review 26, no. 1 (May 2001): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401680102600108.

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46

Huff, C. Ronald, and Kenneth S. Trump. "Youth Violence and Gangs." Education and Urban Society 28, no. 4 (August 1996): 492–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124596028004007.

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Erdmann, Anke, and Jost Reinecke. "Youth Violence in Germany." Criminal Justice Review 43, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818761529.

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Abstract:

The victim–offender overlap is currently under discussion in criminology. However, the connection between victimization and offending over the life course still requires further investigation. The present study examines whether the victim–offender overlap is invariant during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood using seven consecutive waves of the German Research Foundation–funded self-report study “Crime in the Modern City,” which contain information about German students from the age of 14 to 20 years. The results indicate that the nature as well as the strength of the overlap changes over the period from adolescence to early adulthood. The introduced measurement of the relative victim–offender overlap indicates that with growing up, fewer victims are also offenders whereas the amount of offenders that are also victims remains stable. Longitudinal analyses based on latent growth and cross-lagged panel models further point out that the developments of victimization and offending are highly parallel processes that evince similar stability and mutual influence over the phase of youth and adolescence. However, the association between both weakens over age. In conclusion, our results suggest variance in the victim–offender overlap over the life course. This justifies the demand for further research and theory development on this criminological phenomenon.

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48

Weir, E. "Preventing violence in youth." Canadian Medical Association Journal 172, no. 10 (May 10, 2005): 1291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.045315.

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Moore, Mark H., and Michael Tonry. "Youth Violence in America." Crime and Justice 24 (January 1998): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449276.

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Howell, James C., and J. David Hawkins. "Prevention of Youth Violence." Crime and Justice 24 (January 1998): 263–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449281.

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