Dissertations / Theses: 'Violence in sports'

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Guilbert, Sébastien René Charles. "Sports et violences approche sociologique des representations de la violence en sport." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR20009.

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La violence est une notion polysemique, subjective et relative. Tout le monde ne partage pas les memes opinions sur la violence. Cela signifie qu'elle peut porter a confusion dans le champ sportif, puisque sous le terme de violence tous les dysfonctionnements du sport peuvent y etre ranges. C'est la raison pour laquelle notre travail cherche a prouver que la violence en sport n'existe pas en soi et qu'elle n'est qu'une production sociale. Autrement dit, le but de cette etude est de montrer que les representations de la violence sont organisees socialement et marquees au coeur meme des sports. Pour ce faire, nous avons interroge quatre cent cinquante competiteurs masculins issus de dix pratiques sportives ainsi que soixante quinze entraineurs et presidents de club de la communaute urbaine de strasbourg. Trois questionnaires ont ete soumis, un pour chacune des positions occupees dans l'espace. Soixante interviews semi-directives ont egalement ete realisees aupres de quelques-uns de ces agents. Il apparait au vu des resultats des sportifs que la violence differe significativement selon les espaces sportifs et selon l'importance des enjeux et des types d'enjeux dans les pratiques sportives. De la meme maniere, il semble que la violence varie significativement selon les investissements sportifs des agents et leurs proprietes sociales. En ce qui concerne les entraineurs et les presidents, les resultats tendent a mettre en exergue d'une part des differences significatives entre pratiques au niveau des representations de la violence en sport et d'autre part que les presidents et les entraineurs sont de possibles gestionnaires de la violence en sport.

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Wildes, Christine Lee. "Parental violence in youth sports." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007wildesc.pdf.

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Wright, Justin. "Human Aggression and Sports Media Violence." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/985.

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The present study was designed to gain more perspective on human aggression and how sports media violence affects aggression levels. Anderson (1997) defined aggression as behavior that is intended to harm others or one's self. Anderson (2001) defined media violence as a portrayal of intentional harmful behavior directed at another person or the self. To define sports aggression, the definition of aggression must be manipulated slightly. The definition should be changed to a form of behavior intended to injure, whether or not an actual injury occurs, directed at an opposing team or opposing player to gain an advantage during the progression of play. An example of this would be trying to hurt a key player of the opposing team so that this player can no longer perform at a level expected of him by others. This definition does not include aggressive behavior toward people watching the game or officials during the game. It only pertains to playeron-player aggression and those actions taken that are allowed with in the rules of the game. Sports media violence does not include players and fan interaction, two fans fighting, or violent acts between players and officials. Many studies have been completed looking at human aggression levels and how certain media types affect aggression levels. In a study completed in 2001, it was shown that viewing violent movies can increase aggression levels in participants (Bushman & Anderson, 2001). Another study completed by Phillips (1986), examined and compared the homicide rates in America the day after a major boxing match had occurred to the average homicide rate. His findings suggest that a relationship between viewing boxing and homicide rates exists. The more people who viewed the fight the night before, the higher the homicide rates were in America the next day. The present study is attempting to look specifically at the effects of sports violence in the media on aggression levels of its viewers. Participants completed a Buss-Perry Aggression Scale before the experiment began to assess their pre-experiment aggression levels. Then the participants were randomly assigned to view one of the video groups: non-violent sport, violent sport, nonviolent movie, or violent movie. The participants were randomly assigned to conditions based on the times at which they signed up to complete the study. They next watched a five-minute video clip. The content of each video varied by the conditions of the experiment, for example, nonviolent sport, violent sport, nonviolent movie, or violent movie. After watching the video, each group was given the Word Completion Task to assess post-video aggression levels. Results indicated that after viewing violent forms of video material, sports and non-sports, aggression levels increased in participants significantly. But when participants viewed non-aggressive material their aggression levels did not increase significantly. Therefore, exposure to violent sports has the potential to increase levels of aggression following such exposure, just as exposure to violent movies and television shows increases aggression. However, there are other factors that play a role in the development of aggressive behavior.

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D'Agostino, Sara Lynn. "An examinaton of celebratory violence WVU football season 2004 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4266.

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Hunter, Kareema A. "Prevention of Adolescent Interpersonal Violence Victimization: The Role of Sports Participation." restricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12062007-174139/.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Ike Okosun, committee chair; Volkan Topalli, Rita Noonan, committee members. Electronic text (53 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).

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Johnson, Darren. "Reducing Violence at Interscholastic Sporting Events with a Spectator Covenant." Thesis, Northcentral University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420816.

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Abstract Many secondary administrators, coaches, and security personnel have advocated for an intervention method to curtail the swell of referrals, ejections, and violence from the spectator sections in attendance at these events. The spirit of Olympism and sportsmanship is considered a core element of these events. The problem was that many of the events have seen a rise in these incidents. There is a correlation of the infusion of these elements, and the atmosphere at these events. The purpose of this experimental study was to explore whether a spectator covenant of behavior, would help to bind the parties to adherence to upholding these standards in a Central Arizona high school, located in the East Valley of Phoenix. This could help the administrators, coaches, and school personnel as an ancillary benefit, to the obvious decrease of these referrals. The analysis of archival against real-time data were based on the increase or decrease of said incidents, before the covenant was in place and while the covenant was in effect. These records are kept every year, and in each event. The implications of this study are that use of this type of intervention may be successful in similar situations and events. Recommendations for practice are for covenants to become a standard practice at sporting events. Recommendations for future study include conducting subsequent studies in several different areas of the country with varying crowd sizes. A future case study could be designed using parents who volunteer to sign an agreement and stay true to the binding covenant.

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Chaix, Charles. "L'encadrement administratif de la violence dans les stades de football en France." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_chaix_c.pdf.

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Le but de cette thèse ayant pour intitulé « L’encadrement administratif de la violence dans les stades de football en France » est de déterminer la place du droit administratif dans la lutte contre les actes de hooliganisme. Cette recherche se placera dans un axe prévention/sanction. La première partie, traitant de l’aspect préventif, étudiera la forme de l’intervention normative mais aussi les différents organes intervenant dans la lutte contre la violence dans et en dehors des stades, mettant en relief l’action de l’Etat par rapport à celle du mouvement associatif. La seconde partie, quant à elle, abordera la répression administrative notamment à travers l’interdiction administrative de stade et la dissolution des associations de supporters. Cette partie se penchera également sur le problème de la responsabilité disciplinaire des clubs et associations nationales du fait des agissements de leurs supporters. Cette recherche sera illustrée par des aspects de droit comparé et plus particulièrement par l’état du droit en Belgique, Italie et Angleterre
This thesis objective is firstly to analyse and to criticize the preventive norms concerning the fight against hooliganism. Secondly this research will adresse the study of the administrative repression. We will dwell on two measures : the stadium ban and the dissolution of the supporter’s associations. This second part will also focus on the discipli nary responsibility of the football’s clubs do tue to the owns supporters

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Swallow, Jodie. "An exploratory study of women's experiences regarding the interplay between domestic violence and abuse and sports events." Thesis, University of Chester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/620835.

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This qualitative study aimed to examine and critically explore women’s accounts as to how their abusive partner’s interest in sport (team combat sports in particular) impacted on the domestic violence and abuse they endured. The study was underpinned by feminist standpoint epistemology and Lacanian theory. Values aligning with feminist standpoint epistemology, such as the nature and balance of power, were central to this research which had at its core the voices of marginalised women. At the stages of analysis and discussion the Lacanian model of the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary were used to explore the women’s accounts. This model has afforded new insights into this culturally sensitive topic by removing the focus from the women who sustained abuse to the nature of the abuse they endured. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine women who were accessing women’s support services. The women spoke of the abuse they had endured during the course of a heterosexual, intimate relationship. Thematic analysis provided new perspectives regarding the interplay between sport fanaticism and domestic violence and abuse. This thesis extends existing research which has sought to interrogate the association between domestic violence and sporting events (mainly team combat sports). The significance of this study is that it confers deeper, richer understandings regarding the nature of domestic violence and abuse. It reveals how the perpetrators of abuse use violence and/or coercive and controlling behaviours around their sporting interests as a means of asserting power and subjugating their partners. The study is important in that it discloses how the perpetrators perceived some sports, especially football, as preserve which promoted male supremacy. It suggests avenues for further research and reflects upon the cultural significance of sport and team combat sport in particular. The study concludes by suggesting two key points which emerge from this study which underscore the pernicious, chronic and shifting nature of DVA and highlight the need for vigilance in responding to the cultural resources liable to be exploited by perpetrators of abuse.

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Roggero, Claude. "Le sport : guerre et paix, le désir mimétique." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0009.

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Le sport traditionnel peut être assimilé à un désir mimétique de faire la guerre. Pour en faire la "monstration" (Maffesoli), et en appeler à une réalité théorique plutôt qu'à une vérite (Rorty), la théorie du désir mimétique et de la violence fondatrice de René Girard fournit l'essentiel du décor. La théorie de la double contrainte (Bateson. . . , Watzlawick. . . ) permet le passage de la guerre aux jeux, puis au sport. Cette violence fondatrice, à l'instar des religions, affirme le caractère sacré du sport. Muni de ces éléments théoriques, il est alors possible de revisiter une partie de l'histoire du sport, de batir une nouvelle vision de la violence symbolique, de reconsidérer une théorie des jeux, de réetudier la violence de l'éros et la place des femmes dans le sport, puis les différentes cultures sportives modernes. Bien entendu, si le sport et la guerre entretiennent des relations privilegiées, il est alors légitime d'investir la relation sport-paix. Avec l'émergence théorique de ces relations sport, guerre et paix, cette thèse est, avant tout, une reflexion sur la violence.

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Fournier, Carolane. "Liens entre la violence psychologique de l'entraîneur et la conformité des jeunes athlètes aux normes du sport ethic." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40135.

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Le but de cette étude est d’explorer les liens possibles entre la conformité des athlètes aux normes du sport ethic et la violence psychologique de l'entraîneur. Mon premier objectif est de déterminer si la conformité des athlètes aux normes du sport ethic est liée à la violence psychologique de l'entraîneur. Mon second objectif est de déterminer, si un lien existe et s’il varie en fonction des caractéristiques personnelles des athlètes (sexe et type de sport). La réalisation de cette étude s’appuie sur les résultats d’un questionnaire en ligne (ÉVAQ) auquel ont répondu 1089 jeunes athlètes québécois qui évoluent au sein de sports variés. Les participants, âgés de 14 à 17 ans, ont répondu aux énoncés validés de l'échelle de violence psychologique de l'entraîneur et de celle du sport ethic. Pour étudier les liens entre ces deux phénomènes, des corrélations et un modèle de régression linéaire multiple ont été utilisés. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent une association entre les normes sacrifice de soi, refus d'accepter ses limites et la violence psychologique de l'entraîneur. Ces liens sont modérés par le sexe et le type de sport. Les filles en sport individuel qui se conforment à la norme du sacrifice de soi vivent plus de violence psychologique de l'entraîneur. À l'inverse, les garçons en sport collectif qui se conforment aussi à cette norme vivent moins cette forme de violence. Concernant la norme refus d'accepter ses limites, les résultats de l’étude démontrent que plus les athlètes en sport individuel des deux sexes ont tendance à se conformer, moins ils vivent de la violence psychologique de leur entraîneur. Finalement, les résultats démontrent que les athlètes ont tendance à se conformer davantage aux normes sacrifice de soi et refus d'accepter ses limites. L’importance de cette étude réside dans le fait qu’elle a confirmé l’existence d’une influence du sport ethic sur la violence psychologique de l’entraîneur.

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Bodin, Dominique. "Sports et violences : analyse des phénomènes de violences et de déviances chez les supporters de football à partir d'une étude comparative du supporterisme dans le basket-ball, le football, le rugby et le volley-ball." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28615.

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Worthen, Kelly. "Examining crowd violence connected to sport applying the hooligan template." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/643.

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The aim of the research is to evaluate crowd violence as it pertains to sports and its spectators. In particular, the research examines sports riots. "A sports riot is defined as violence-vandalism, throwing/shooting missiles, rushing the field or court, committing arson, and/or fighting- committed by five or more individuals in a crowd of one hundred people associated with a formally organized sporting event" (Lewis, 2007). On a micro level, the most prevalent form of spectator violence is the act of Hooliganism in relation to football (soccer). The research on this aggression has been primarily inherent in Europe and South and Central America in concert with soccer matches. One of the goals of the research is to see if this unique type violence has the potential to occur in North America when comparing it to Europe and more specifically the United Kingdom. Currently, the average Major League Soccer (MLS) teams are capturing slightly higher attendance numbers than the NBA and the NHL. In the 2010-11 season, the average MLS attendance was 17,869, compared to 17,319 and 17,126 respectively (ESPN.com, 2011). With the expansion and globalization of the sport when traveling groups from Europe and South/Central America play United States teams (municipalities or the National team) in a "friendly" (exhibition match) or a World Cup qualifiers stateside, it is understood that supporter firms (hooligan gangs) will travel to support their team. Are hooligans simply looking for a violent result under the guise of being football supporters? "It's a lot more widespread than the general public realize. They might hear of one or two big incidences a year. But this thing happens week in week out at different grounds around England" (Hooligans: No one likes us, 2002). Collective behavior is the most apparent theoretic way to view these outbursts. This research however will examine this social phenomenon through symbolic interaction perspective as well.; The hooligan culture is embedded with symbols of social disorder and rebellion. Racism, xenophobia homophobia and even patriotism are the tent poles of this social phenomenon. Additionally, from firm (gang) to firm (gang), socially constructed deviance such as rival history, improper police conduct, the media and alcohol are overarching factors. The final facet of the research examines how to curb the violence. Since Hooliganism is surprisingly tactical in and of itself, how authorities can potentially identify trouble makers and anticipate violence will be assessed. Since the English have customarily been deemed by the international community as some of the worst cohort participants, the tactics that authorities abroad have utilized (successful and otherwise) will be evaluated. Recommendations to prevent and combat this problem will be made in the hopes that a proactive approach can be developed domestically.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Sociology

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Clavijo, Poveda Jairo. "Pratiques sociales, identité et violence : étude de barras bravas de football à Bogotà." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030131.

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La thèse présente les résultats d'une enquête ethnographique sur les barras bravas, groupes de jeunes hooligans de Bogotá. Cette enquête a trouvé que la provenance sociale des membres est hétérogène, cependant, tous se comportent de manière similaire en accord avec les règles du groupe. Les matches leurs offrent un espace rituel pour s'exprimer d'une manière particulière. À l'intérieur et l'extérieure du stade ils exposent leurs symboles d'identité collective et individuelle et utilisent la violence comme langage pour défendre leurs territoires, car il existe un rapport entre violence et territoire. Cette violence n'est pas exacerbée, il s'agit plutôt d'une " violence contrôlée ". Les barras bravas permettent de penser le football comme un espace propice à la prise de conscience de l'existence sociale des jeunes en tant que groupe contestataire, car la barra brava offre un espace sociale à travers lequel leur membres s'expriment contre la marginalisation de la jeunesse en Colombie
This thesis presents main outcomes of an ethnographic study of the barras bravas, juvenile groups of hooligans in Bogotá. Research shows how members of the barras bravas exhibit quite heterogeneous social backgrounds, but their behaviors are similar and follow the rules established by the group. Soccer games constitute ritual spaces for members of the barras bravas to express themselves in a specific manner. Inside and outside the stadium, members of the group carry symbols of both collective and individual identity. They use violence as a language to defend their territories. Violence and territory relate to each other. This is not exacerbated violence but “controlled violence. ” The barras bravas reveal soccer as a space that allows a better understanding of youth as social actors and, in this case, a radical group. The barra is a social space that members of the group use to express their opposition to the marginalization of the youth in Colombia

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Laclémence, Patrick. "Le stade de football : espace d'ordre ou zone à risque pour les foules festives ? spectateurs, supporters, hooligans ou martyrs ?" Reims, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REIML009.

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Depuis que l'opinion publique a été prise de frayeur par les images transmises du Heysel et de Sheffield, chaque évènement footballistique est l'occasion du supputations angoissées sur le sens des violences qui pourraient y advenir. Pour comprendre, il convient de revenir sur l'aliénation des foules et dresser le décor dans lequel se produit la violence, le stade, dont l'architecture dépend étroitement de la manière de gérer les masses. Dans cet univers, les frustrations individuelles convergent vers une expression commune, si le hooliganisme trouve son origine dans le rapport particulier du football britannique à la culture ouvrière du pays, avec la médiatisation des enjeux, les débordements de violence sont devenus de plus en plus préoccupants. Ils ont conduit les responsables a s'interroger sur le moyen de les contrôler et dans quelle mesure la mise en place de stratégie coertivive n'a pas effrayé l'opinion publique et renforce la notoriété de ceux qui voulaient martyriser les populations festives. Depuis que l'image règne sans partage sur toutes les manifestations sportives et orchestre la mobilisation humaine par la mise en scène des enjeux, le supporter trouve aux yeux du monde un moyen pour extérioriser ses frustrations en une visibilité médiatique; la stratégie du paraitre a tous prix s'est codifiée pour affirmer une existence. On replace le phénomène dans d'autres limites, celles de la communication et on entrevoit une nouvelle dimension a la mythologie future, celle de l'imaginaire artificialisé. Cette recherche démontre que le sport et son spectacle occupent une part croissante dans notre société, que sa fonction peut être de libérer les tensions que créent les contraintes sociales, que le violences correspondant a une dialectique spécifique, que les foules sportives sont des laboratoires privilégies pour réfléchir sur l'évolution des rapports sociaux : en reprenant les études traditionnelles et en introduisant les problématiques contemporaines, c'est a une analyse renouvelée du spectacle sportif et une nouvelle vision de la violence
Since the public was gripped by fear by the images broadcast from the Heysel and the Sheffield stadiums, every football match has been a source of anguished consideration about the sense of the violence which might take place. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to dwell upon the alienation of crowds and to describe the place where violence gushes forth -- i. E. The stadium, whose architecture closely influences the way to keep crowds under control. In such a realm, individual frustrations merge towards a common outlet. If hooliganism is deeply rooted in the special relationship between british football and britain's working-class culture, the outbursts of violence have become more and miore worrying, due to the "mediatization" of what is at stake. Such outbursts have led our leaders to question the mans used to control the: : has coercion not scared public opinion and strengthened the reputation of those who wanted to torture the celebrating communities ? Since the media has been orchestrating sports shows and human gatherings through the "mediations" of the stakes

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Livings, Ben. "A 'zone of legal exemption' for sports violence? : form and substance in the criminal law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89744/.

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This study examines the criminal liability that may be incurred by participants in contact sports for violence that results in injury to a fellow participant. For these purposes, I concentrate on boxing, rugby and soccer; sports that involve a level of physicality that risks, and regularly causes, injury. The violence that is intrinsic to their practice is in some senses archetypically criminal, and yet, that self-same violence is also constitutive of sports that are perceived to have enormous personal, social and cultural value, and which have been declared by the House of Lords to amount to ‘lawful activities’. A formal account of the criminal law of sports violence posits the consent of the participants as the primary determinant of the imposition of liability for acts of violence committed during the course of contact sports. In this thesis, I examine this formal account and propose that the substance of the lawfulness of sports violence needs to be understood in terms of its socio-historical development, and the sophisticated rule-systems and pluralistic regulatory backdrop against which modern sports operate. This thesis contributes a new understanding of the offences that pertain to sports violence, and the normative role and doctrinal function of the participants’ consent, in order to understand the way in which the criminal law accommodates violent sports practices. The thesis also suggests new ideas in relation to the ‘playing culture’ of sport and its relationship to the criminal law, and the role of prosecutorial discretion in effectively shaping the lawfulness of ‘legitimate sport’.

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Giulianotti, Richard. "A sociology of Scottish football fan culture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=115964.

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While football is legitimately regarded as the ultimate global game, its significance to Scotland is even more exaggerated, in historical, social and cultural terms. Scots were at the forefront of 'globalising' the sport, teaching the English and other foreigners to play a highly technical and 'passing' game, only to abandon this later with characteristic complacency. Within Scotland, 'the only game' has provided its inhabitants with a cultural obsession, in which sectarian, regional and national animosities and inequalities may be contested and unsatisfactorily resolved. Consequently, the Scots are credited with gifting the world the phenomenon of 'football hooliganism', primarily at domestic club level, although the authorities latterly claim to have 'solved' such fan disorder. Upon the national stage, some argue football's social and political impacts have been markedly more pernicious, in being a dubious receptacle for the tartan-coated 'sub-nationalism' of a nation still denied a protective State. Therefore, this thesis examines the culture of these two particular, polarised categories of Scottish football fans, namely the contemporary hooligans (the 'soccer casuals') and the national team's supporters (the carnival or ambassadorial 'Tartan Army'). The thesis draws heavily upon qualitative fieldwork with these supporter groups, undertaken over the course of five years (1990-1994). To achieve this, the thesis is divided into three parts. The first part contextualises the discussion, by looking at previous explanations of football hooliganism and the extent to which these fit with initial evidence from the opposing, Scottish fan cultures. The second and third parts then introduce sustained fieldwork and analyses of these supporter groups.

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Collard, Luc. "Risques sportifs, prises de risques et science de l'action motrice : aspects sociologiques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H008.

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Les risques sportifs peuvent servir d'indicateur des risques tels qu'ils sont consentis par leur société d'accueil. Aujourd'hui, la majorité des sports ne présente plus que des enjeux compétitifs. Dans les règles, il est interdit de porter atteinte à l'intégrité corporelle. Dans les faits, les écueils physiques sont mineurs. Ces pratiques, consacrées dans les duels d'équipes ou de personnes, traduisent une <> des conduites interpersonnelles. Leur risque se réduit à l'incertitude du résultat. Et son étude relève plus de la théorie des jeux que de la traumatologie. A cette campagne générale "d'aseptisation" de la motricité répliquent des jeux sportifs sans enjeu compétitif, mais avec enjeux corporels. Bien que restes jusqu'ici minoritaires, ils bénéficient depuis les quinze dernières années d'un engouement significatif. Il s'agit de quasi-jeux de pleine nature, pratiques seul ou avec partenaire(s) et utilisant des technologies d'avant-garde pour la locomotion. Leur forte dangerosité tolérée est sans doute le signe d'une accoutumance moderne aux dysfonctionnements de l'interface "homme/machine". Les joueurs qui s'y adonnent rejettent pourtant le trait "risque" au dernier rang de leurs motivations. Preuve que les façons de s'exposer à des risques ne sont pas réductibles a des pulsions organiques ou à des tendances psychologiques. Ils sont d'abord le produit d'un <> que les acteurs peuvent subir "à leur corps défendant"
The risks of sports may be used as an indicator of the risks such as their society consents to them. Today, most of the sports present no more than competitive stakes. According to the rules, it is forbidden to inflict corporeal injuries. In actual fact, physical injuries are minor. These practices used in teams or individuals duels show a <> of the interpersonnal behaviours. Their risk is reduced to the incertainty of the result. And its study is more in the field of the theory of games than of traumatology. Facing this general campaign of diminution of motricity violence appearsports with no competitive but corporeal stakes. Although they have remained a minority up to present, they have benefied during the last fifteen years of an important increase. They are, in fact, "quasi-games" in the open spaces that are practised alone or with one or several partners using technologies of the future concerning the locomotion. Their high level of risk which is tolerated, is certainly the sign of a modern habit with the disfunctions of the interface "human/machine". The players who take on the quasi-games, however, put the risk factor in last position of their motivations. Proof that the ways to expose oneself to risks are not reductible to organic instincts or to psychological tendencies. They are firstly the result of a <> that the players can endure "in self-defence"

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Bonnet, Caroline. "Choisir le volley-ball : une autre façon de vivre la violence pour des adolescents." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H020.

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Cette étude s'est intéressée aux adolescents et le volley-ball. Les questions relatives à ce travail étaient : quelles sont les motivations des jeunes à pratiquer un sport tel que le volley-ball ? De quelle façon parviennent-ils à atteindre l'adversaire, lui faire violence ? Peut-on y voir un type particulier de violence ? Les joueurs de sexe féminin et masculin ont-ils les mêmes raisons de jouer ? Trente entretiens cliniques ont été réalisés auprès d'adolescents, d'adultes et d'entraîneurs. Ainsi ce travail a pu dégager que les jeunes choisissent le volley-ball en raison de la mise à distance de l'adversaire, plus précisément parce qu'il n'y a pas de violence corporelle directe. Il était alors intéressant d'étudier quel type de violence se joue dans cette pratique. Il en ressort qu'elle est indirecte, non agie et qu'il est possible de parler d'une violence visuelle : la violence du voir. En effet, le volley-ball offre un cadre et un espace favorisant la fantasmatisation. Enfin, cette recherche a tenté de dégager qu'il existait des différences en fonction du sexe du joueur : il apparaît principalement que les filles apprécient l'absence de contact de part la présence du filet, tandis que les garçons se sentent valorisé par un sport où la violence est mentale, "intelligente". La finalité de cette étude est de dégager ce que peut apporter le volley-ball à dans la maturation des adolescents : une autre façon de vivre la violence au quotidien
This study concerns adolescence and volleyball. The questions relating to this study were : what motivates young people to practice a sport like volleyball ? How can they exert control over their opponent to push them to do something ? Can one see a certain type of violence ? Do female and male players play for the same reasons ? Thirty clinical interviews took place with adolescents, adults and coaches. This study makes it clear that young people chose volleyball due to the distance of the opponent and more precisely because they don't have direct physical contact. It was therefore interesting to study what type of violence is used in this sport. In conclusion, it is indirect, not acted out and it is possible to speak of a visual violence : the violence of seeing. In fact, volleyball offers a framework and a space to support fantasy. Lastly, this study clarifies the fact that there exist differences in regard to the sex of the players : it appears that girl appreciate the absence of physical contact due to the presence of the net, while boys feel valorization from a sport where violence is mental "intelligent". The conclusion of this study shows what volleyball can bring to the maturation of adolescents : another way of living with everyday violence

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Tsoukala, Anastassia. "Sport et violence : l'évolution de la politique criminelle a l'égard du hooliganisme, en Angleterre et en Italie, depuis 1970." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010290.

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Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre les causes de l'échec de la politique criminelle adoptée a l'égard du hooliganisme en Angleterre et en Italie depuis 1970. Les deux premiers chapitres consistent en une interprétation du hooliganisme, fondée sur des critères sociologiques et articulée en termes de : acteur-acte-contexte historique, selon laquelle le hooliganisme serait un phénomène d'origine socio-économique a connotation politique. Dans les trois autres chapitres sont étudiées les réponses suscitées par le hooliganisme, d'origine étatique, civile et sociétale, et adoptées par des instances nationales et européennes. élaborées en fonction de la perception dominante du hooliganisme a chaque niveau donne, ces réponses ne visent qu'a l'élimination du problème, le hooliganisme étant réduit a son aspect apparent de violence et de dangerosité menaçantes. Limitées ainsi a la lutte contre les symptômes du phénomène, ces réponses ont provoque de forts nombreux mouvements d'étatisation ainsi que de nombreux effets pervers. Dans la conclusion est proposée une politique criminelle alternative visant à la solution plutôt que l'élimination de cette forme de violence
This thesis aims at the comprehension of the reasons that led to a failure the criminal policy against football hooliganism, in England and in Italy since 1970. The first two chapters consist in an interpretation of football hooliganism, based on sociological criteria and articulated in terms of: actor-act-historical context, according to which football hooliganism has socio-economic origins and a considerable political aspect. In the other three chapters we examine the state, civil and communal answers that rose from this phenomenon and were adopted by national and European authorities. Elaborated according to the phenomenon's dominant perception at every decision-talking level, these answers are simply aiming at the elimination of the problem, since football hooliganism has been reduced to its apparent aspect of threatening violence. Thus limited to a fight against the phenomenon's symptoms, these answers have provoked strong nationalization movements and numerous effects perverse. In the conclusion we propose an alternative criminal policy aiming at the solution rather than the elimination of this form of violence

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Attikpa, Antoine. "Les phénomènes de la violence dans le sport : l'exemple du foot-ball en République du Bénin." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR28100.

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La violence du football est-elle fonction des caractéristiques sociale et/ou culturelles des populations ? Il ressort des investigations que le phénomène et ses diverses formes de manifestation sont générées aussi bien par l’activité elle-même, par son organisation que par des facteurs extérieurs à la pratique et sont tributaires des caractéristiques physiques et humaines spécifiques aux populations béninoises, différenciées selon les groupes ethniques socialement impliqués. L’expression de la violence renoue avec des antécédents historiques et renforce les oppositions sociales, culturelles et politiques. Celles-ci constituent la réalité contemporaine d’une société dont les rites et les modes de vie originels ont été bouleversés. La société étudiée participe de deux mondes : un monde traditionnel ou la violence enfouie au plus profond de la mémoire des hommes se rattache à une pensée magique, religieuse et un monde "moderne occidental" ou le sport offre le spectacle de "l’exercice de la violence contrôlée". Cependant que les béninois inscrivent la pratique du football dans le cadre des rites traditionnels. Les sanctions et les mesures matérielles prises pour résorber le fléau s’avèrent insuffisantes. Les différentes actions devraient surtout s orienter vers l’éducation en tenant précisément compte des composantes sociales et culturelles
Does football violence come from the social and cultural characteristics of people ? Investigations show that violence and its various forms come as much from the activity itself, its organization as from external factors. These factors are due to physical and human characteristics which are specific to the people of benin. The expression of violence stems from historical antecedents and consolidates social, cultural and political oppositions. These oppositions constitue the present reality of the people of benin whose rites and whose original way of life have been completely transformed. The society investifated partakes of two worlds : a traditional world where the violence burried in men's memories can be tied up to a magic and religious thought ; and a western modern world where sport offers a spectacle of controlled violence. However, the beninese introduced football in the context of the traditional rites. Sanctions and material measures taken to resorb the plague turn out of be insufficient. The different actions should be oriented towards education without forgetting social and cultural components

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Lee, Shu-Chen. "Individual differences in emotional and physiological responses to televised sports violence a test of sensation seeking theory /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6870.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Demers, Eliane. "La violence sexuelle vécue par les jeunes athlètes en contexte sportif : liens avec la conformité à l'éthique du sport." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66714.

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L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’explorer les liens entre la conformité aux normes de l’éthique du sport et les expériences de violence sexuelle des jeunes athlètes en contexte sportif. Les athlètes sélectionnés sont des adolescents canadiens entre 13 et 18 ans qui pratiquent un sport organisé (N=1140). Ils ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne comprenant deux échelles validées soit : le Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) mesurant les expériences de violence sexuelle des pairs et de l’entraîneur ainsi que le Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale (CSES) mesurant la conformité aux normes de l’éthique du sport (recherche de distinction, sacrifice de soi et refus d’accepter les limites). Une analyse de régression logistique a permis d’explorer les liens entre les variables en fonction du sexe et du type de sport pratiqué (collectif et individuel). Les résultats montrent qu’une augmentation de la conformité à la norme d’aspirer à la distinction augmente la probabilité de vivre de la violence sexuelle des coéquipiers. L’augmentation de la conformité à cette norme augmente également la probabilité de vivre de la violence sexuelle de l’entraîneur en sport collectif, tandis qu’elle diminue la probabilité d’en vivre en sport individuel. Enfin, en sport individuel, l’augmentation de la conformité à la norme du sacrifice de soi accroit la probabilité de vivre de la violence sexuelle de l’entraîneur. Les résultats de ce mémoire confirment l’existence d’un lien entre la conformité à l’éthique du sport et les expériences de violence sexuelle des athlètes en contexte sportif. Finalement, puisque dans le cadre de ce mémoire, l’éthique du sport est définie comme une représentation socialement apprise de ce qu’est un « vrai athlète » selon la communauté sportive, une intervention au niveau du système de croyances est suggérée afin de diminuer la tolérance de la violence sexuelle en contexte sportif.
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between conformity to the sport ethic norms and sexual violence experienced by young athletes in the sport environment. Participants are Canadian athletes between 13 and 18 years old involved in an organized sport (N=1140). They completed an online questionnaire including two validated scales: the Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) measuring experiences of sexual violence (by peers and coaches) and the Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale (CSES) measuring conformity to the sport ethic norms (striving for distinction, self-sacrifice, refusing to accept limits). A logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the variables by sex and type of sport (collective and individual). Results show that increased conformity to the norm of striving for distinction increases the probability of experiencing sexual violence by peers. Increased conformity to this norm increases the probability of experiencing sexual violence by coaches in collective sports, while it decreases the probability of experiencing it in individual sports. Moreover, in individual sports, increased conformity to the norm of self-sacrifice increases the probability of experiencing sexual violence by coaches. The results of this study confirm the existence of an association between conformity to the sport ethic norms and sexual violence experienced by young athletes in the sport environment. As part of this study, the sport ethic is acknowledged as a socially learned representation defining what a “real athlete” is according to the sport community. Therefore, an intervention regarding the belief system is suggested in order to reduce the tolerance of sexual violence in sport.

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Whatley, Jason. "Cardiff City fans : a sociological explanation of their involvement in football cultures and football violence." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/cardiff-city-fans(57a6ce33-f5f5-4baf-a1bf-cb69cee845db).html.

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This research aims to provide an accurate and more conceptually advanced view of football violence as practiced by Cardiff City fans both past and present, than the accepted views of football already available at an academic level. Expanding on work carried out at dissertation level, the research will attempt to provide a new model of football violence, and this will be constructed through the use of a variety of research methods to better understand football hooliganism as a socio-cultural phenomenon existing within the general field of football. Football as a field of activity will be discussed, as will the fact that whilst being a field of socio-cultural activity, professional football also has developed as a distinct market. The work aims to show why certain Cardiff City F.C. fans are not content to just watch their team participate, but who through a small leap of imagination cast themselves in the role of direct participant representing the team in the contest that is football hooliganism. Also to be discussed is why certain fans (usually at a formative age) would see those with a hooligan identity at Cardiff City F.C. as best representing their interests within the field, and who then go on to adopt a hooligan identity. The interests of Cardiff City fans within the field are explored, as are the specific set of social relations that have emerged. The emergence of the casuals as a socio-cultural category is examined as is media representations of them and in a reflexive manner the role of the police within the field is also examined. Finally the research aims to show how a group such as the Soul Crew, has by a combination of continued presence and growth within the field, gone on to become one of the dominant forces within the activity.

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Jung, Jérome. "Agressivité instrumentale et émotionnelle : élaboration et mise en oeuvre d'un questionnaire psychométirque au sein d'une population S.T.A.P.S." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0018.

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Les comportements agressifs sont pratiques courantes et les outils psychométriques permettant l'évaluation de l'agressivité sont nombreux. Cependant, aucun instrument n'a pris en considération la distinction entre l'agressivité instrumentale qui est préméditée (pour obtenir quelque chose de gratifiant) et l'agressivité émotionnelle sous-tendue par la colère immédiate (pour causer un dommage physique ou psychologique à autrui). L'objectif de ce travail, a été d'élaborer un tel outil pour pouvoir à l'aide de cet outil vérifier le niveau d'agressivité de sportifs en fonction de leur sexe et de leur type de pratique sportive. Nous avançons les hypothèses principales suivantes : I ) les femmes présentent sur un plan instrumental des dispositions agressives inférieures aux hommes ; 2) les pratiquants de sports de combat présentent des dispositions agressives inférieures aux pratiquants d'autres sports. Une première étude nous a permis d'élaborer une version d'un questionnaire différenciant l'agressivité instrumentale et l'agressivité émotionnelle. Une fois le questionnaire "épuré", une deuxième étude a validé sa structure factorielle. Cela nous a permis d'obtenir un outil psychométrique valide, le QAIE (Questionnaire d'Agressivité Instrumentale et Emotionnelle). Nous avons comparé et corrélé pour une validation externe, le QAIE avec le QPS et avec 1' "Aggrcssion Questionnaire" de Buss et Perry (1992). Pour finir, nous avons mis en couvre le QAIE afin d'étudier les différences de niveaux d'agressivité chez des étudiants en STAPS en fonction du genre et du type de pratique sportive- Nous avons croisé les résultats avec un questionnaire de rôles sexués pour mieux comprendre le rôle du genre dans l'agressivité en faisant l'hypothèse supplémentaire que le rôle sexué, plus que le sexe génétique, est "l'explication" des différences classiques d'agressivité entre hommes et femmes Les résultats obtenus permettent de rejeter la première hypothèse et sont en faveur de la seconde. Une des perspectives sera de pénétrer plus en détail dans l'analyse en étudiant les effets suivant chaque type de pratique (football, handball, rugby, natation, danse. . . ) et suivant le niveau de pratique (international, national, régional, départemental. . ,)
Aggressives behaviors arc unfortunately convenient current in sport and psychometric tools permitting the assessment of aggressiveness are numerous. However, no instrument took in consideration the distinction between instrumental aggressiveness thai is premeditated (to gel something of presenting) and emotional aggressiveness underlain by the immediate anger (to cause a physical or psychological damage to others). The major objective of this study, was to elaborate such a tool on being able with this tool to verify (he level of sportsman aggressiveness according to their sex and thctr type of practice. We advance the following main hypotheses: 1) women present on an instrumental lower aggressive arrangement plan to men; 2) sportsmen fighting present some lower aggressive arrangements to other sportsmen, hi a first time a survey permitted us to elaborate a version of a questionnaire differentiating the instrumental aggressiveness and the emotional aggressiveness. Once the purged questionnaire, a second survey validated his factorial structure. It permitted us to get a psychometric valid tool, the QAIE (Questionnaire of Instmmenlal and Emotional aggressiveness). We compared and correlated for an external validation, the QAIE with the QPS and with the "Aggression Questionnaire" of Buss and Peny (1992). To finish, we applicated the QAIE in order lo study differences of aggressiveness levels at students in STAPS according to the kind and the type of practice. We crossed results with a questionnaire of sexual roles to understand the role of the kind better while doing in aggressiveness the supplementary hypothesis that sexual role, more that the genetic sex, is "the explanation" of the classic difference of aggressiveness between men and women. The gotten results permit to reject the first hypothesis and arc in favor of the second. One of perspective will be to penetrate more in detail in the analysis while studying effects following every type of practice (soccer, handball, rugby, swimming, dance. . . ) and according to the level of practice (international, national, regional, departmental. . . )

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Loyer, Frédéric. "La lutte en France : histoire d’une sportification contrariée." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2030.

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Il est classique d’envisager le sport comme l’aboutissement de la motricité ludique. Pourtant, en nombre d’adhérents, la lutte olympique à « mains plates » - injustement baptisée « gréco-romaine » - est rattrapée par une lutte régionale : le gouren breton. Par une approche diachronique et synchronique il s’agira de révéler les mécanismes d’une sportification contrariée. Cette recherche se fait par le décryptage de nombreux documents historiques et l’analyse comparée des fiches de jeux portant sur la logique interne des deux formes de luttes. Issue du monde du spectacle, repris par le catch, la logique interne de la lutte « gréco-romaine » s’est progressivement rigidifiée en se sportifiant. La compétition sportive est désormais sa seule forme d’expression. Elle passe par une violence autant symbolique (violation de l’espace intime par le jeu au sol) que réelle (degré important des chocs lors des chutes) en décalage avec le proces de pacification des moeurs. En conservant sa tonalité festive, le gouren présente un caractère plus souple accessible à un large public. Femmes et enfants peuvent s’y investir dans sa version loisir. Même sous sa forme compétitive, le gouren préserve une identité régionale forte. En matière de lutte, le sport n’est sans doute pas le nec plus ultra du jeu
It is usual to consider sport as the out come of play motor function. And jet, as regards the number of members Olympic wrestling, unjustly called “greco roman”, is superseded by Breton “gouren”. Trough a diachronic and synchronic approach we’ll be concerned with showing the workings of a thwarted “sportification”. The research is to be made through the deciphering of historical documents and the analysis of game sheets referring to the inner logic of two types of wrestling. Born from the show business, then borrowed by “catch” wrestling, the inner logic of “greco roman” has progressively got more strict as it became “sportification”. Sport competition is now its only form of expression. It goes trough a violence just as symbolic (violation of private space through the playing on the floor) as real (the important degree of shocks when falling), making a gap with the process of habits and ways getting wilder. By keeping its play tonality, the “gouren” is of a more flexible nature, and more open to a larger public, women and children can resort to it as an activity for leisure. Even in its competition form the “gouren” keep its strong regional identity. As regards the wrestling aspect of it, this sport is probably not the best there is when playing is concerned

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Unogård, Olof. "Inkilning i idrott – Bara en rolig tradition? : Erfarenheter och upplevelser av inkilning bland idrottande ungdomar och idrottsstudenter." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3238.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Studiens syfte var att studera unga idrottares och idrottsstudenters erfarenheter och upplevelser av inkilning i idrottsliga sammanhang. Centrala frågeställningar var (1) i vilken utsträckning har unga idrottare och idrottsstudenter erfarenhet av att ha blivit inkilade? (2) Hur går inkilningar till? (3) Hur beskriver unga idrottare och irottsstudenter sina upplevelser av inkilning? (4) Vilken inställning har unga idrottare och idrottsstudenter till inkilning? (5) I vilken utsträckning har unga idrottare och idrottsstudenter hört talas om inkilning? Metod Metoden var en enkät om 39 frågor med inslag av kvalitativa frisvarsfrågor. Urvalet var 209 idrottande ungdomar från åtta olika idrottsgymnasier samt 91 studenter från Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolans tränar- och lärarprogram. Datainsamlingen gjordes mestadels på plats alternativt via post. Kvantitativa data analyserades i SPSS via Pearson Chi-Square med signifikansnivå på p=0,05. Kvalitativa data tematiserades och sammanställdes för kvantifiering, därutöver gjordes en kritisk läsning efter teoretiska utgångspunkter i Pierre Bourdieus teorier. Resultat En majoritet av ungdomarna och idrottsstudenterna har hört talas om inkilning. Nära nog hälften av ungdomarna och var fjärde idrottsstudent har någon gång blivit inkilad, antingen vid sitt eget idrottsgymnasium eller i nuvarande eller tidigare förening. I respondenternas egna beskrivningar framträdde fem kategorier; många inkilningar innehöll antingen (1) alkoholförtäring, (2) avklädda aktiviteter eller aktiviteter med sexuell anspelning, (3) uppträdanden (med eller utan utklädnad), (4) intag av ”äcklig” mat eller dryck samt (5) allmänt beskrivna lekar, uppdrag, aktiviteter och tävlingar. En majoritet av respondenterna instämde i att inkilningar ofta innehåller drag av kränkningar och förödmjukelse och att den inkilade är i en utsatt position men också i att deras upplevelser varit positiva och att den inkilade brukar tycka att det är en kul grej. Få idrottare hade velat avstå inkilningen men var fjärde respondent har någon gång varit med om en inkilning som upplevts som obehaglig. Slutsats Inkilning förekommer inom idrotten (på olika sätt och i olika sammanhang) både i föreningar och vid idrottsgymnasier. Inkilning utgör en viktig del i reproduktionen av en idrottskultur; genom inkilningens prövningar och utmaningar får den nye medlemmen visa sig värdig medlemskap i gruppen eller laget, inordnas i dess hierarki och lära sig hur han/hon ska tänka, vara och bete sig inom den specifika idrottskulturen.
Aim The aim of the study was to examine the experience of hazing in sports among young athletes and sports students. Questions posed were (1) to what extent do young athletes and sports student have experience of hazing? (2) How does hazing work? (3) How do young athletes and sports students describe their experience of hazing? (4) What do young athletes and sports students think about hazing? (5) To what extent has young athletes and sports students heard about hazing? Method The method was a questionnaire of 39 questions with a number of qualitative open questions. The selection of respondents was 209 young athletes from eight different sport high schools and 91 sports students from the physical education teacher programs and sport coaches programs of The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH. The data collection was mostly made through visits to the schools, otherwise per postal mail. Quantitative data was analyzed in SPSS via Pearson Chi-Square with p-value at 0,05. Qualitative data was thematically sorted and categorized and thereafter interpreted through the theories of Pierre Bourdieu. Results A majority of the young athletes and sports students has heard about hazing. Almost half of the young athletes and every fourth sports student have been hazed, either at their own sport high school or in current or former sports club. In their own descriptions five categories emerged; a lot of the cases of hazing included either (1) alcohol, (2) undressed activities or activities with sexual reference, (3) putting on shows (with or without dress out), (4) eating or drinking “disgusting” food or drinks or (5) general games, tasks, activities and competitions. A majority of the respondents agreed to that hazing includes humiliation and degradation and that whom is being hazed is in a vulnerable position but also to that their experience was positive and that whom is being hazed usually thinks it is a fun thing. Few athletes wished to undo their hazing but every fourth respondent has sometime experienced a hazing as discomforting. Conclusions Hazing occurs in sports (in different ways and in different contexts) both in sports clubs and at sport high schools. Hazing is an important part of the reproduction of a sports culture; through the challenges and tests of hazing the new group or team member gets to prove his/her worth of being a member of the group, is conformed in its hierarchy and learns how he/she should think, act and behave within the specific sports culture.

Studien genomfördes med ekonomiskt stöd av Centrum för idrottsforskning (CIF)

Inkilning inom ungdomsidrotten

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Medjad, Eric. "Le territoire et la performance sportive de haut-niveau : étude anthropologique des succès de l'OGC Nice du stade brestois 29." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30050/document.

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L’OGC Nice en 2003 et le Stade Brestois 29 en 2004, clubs de football professionnel, ont accédé à la division supérieure. En scindant le concept de performance en deux processus (le compétitif et le performatif), il est possible de déterminer si le social a influencé leurs résultats. Dans les deux cas, la série d’entretiens thématiques semi-directifs s’appuyant sur le discours journalistique de leur parcours sportif montre la prédominance de l’identité locale lors d’un événement déclencheur de la performance au cours duquel l’équipe se transcende. Le Kairos reçu des dieux est ce moment particulier qui marque le début de leurs performances. Les matches deviennent des rites sportifs dont le but est d’accéder au sacré. Ce rite a son origine dans le rite sacrificiel mais la mimésis ne sert pas à transférer la violence vers une victime émissaire. Elle devient le support d’une accession au sacré. La puissance qui passerait de la société à l’équipe n’est que la prise de conscience du joueur qu’il peut mobiliser sa propre puissance de concert avec ses partenaires. La saison sportive est ainsi une perpétuelle reconstitution de la société avec, semble-t-il, comme canevas les contes et les mythes. Elle devient l’incarnation d’un imaginaire qui s’appuie sur l’affectivité humaine pour exister. L’homme est en quelque sorte un territoire ou l’imaginaire se lie au réel : il est un champion qui s’ignore et qui ne le découvre qu’en saisissant le Kairos
Two professional football clubs, OGC Nice and Stade Brestois 29 reached the upper division in 2003 and 2004 respectively (Ligue 1 for OGC Nice and Ligue 2 for Stade Brestois 29). In order to determine whether their results were influenced by social issues or not, the concept of performance will be split into two processes (competitive and performative). In both cases, the series of semi-structured thematic interviews based on journalists’ speeches on their sports career shows the predominance of local identity during an event triggering their performance and during which the team transcends itself. The Kairos received from the gods stands for this particular moment when their performances begin. Matches are becoming sports rites aiming the sacred. Such rite originates in the sacrificial rites but mimesis is not use for transferring violence onto a scapegoat. It becomes the medium to get to the sacred. The strength which is supposed to go from society to the team is nothing but the player’s awareness of his ability to mobilize his own strength together with his team mates. Sport season is therefore a perpetual reconstruction of society with seemingly tales and myths as its framework. It becomes the embodiment of a fantasy based on human emotions. Man is somehow a territory where imaginary is linked to reality: he is an unconscious champion who only discovers it thanks to the Kairos

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Ramirez, Yann. "Du Free Fight aux Arts Martiaux Mixtes : sportivisation, violence et réception d'un sport de combat extrême." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30007/document.

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Véritable phénomène de société, le mixed martial arts ou MMA est l'un des sports qui connaît actuellement le plus grand essor. Dans la traduction française, le terme d'arts martiaux mixtes revient fréquemment. Sport contemporain par excellence, le MMA est né et s'est développé au cours du XXème siècle où il est resté très marginalisé, pour connaître son aspect formalisé et médiatisé seulement dans les années 1990. Cette discipline qui a connu un processus de sportivisation inversée, est marquée par une réception difficile de la part des autorités, des fédérations sportives olympiques et de l'opinion publique : la cage qui accueille les combats, le sang et les frappes sur un homme au sol posent des problèmes d'acceptation. Ces éléments négatifs se retrouvent dans les représentations sociales et individuelles, chez les réponses des enquêtés qu'ils soient initiés ou non-initiés aux pratiques de combat hybride. En France, la compétition de MMA n'est pas autorisée alors que les clubs l'enseignent auprès de pratiquants de plus en plus nombreux. Les arts martiaux mixtes réunissent les contraires : une altérité fondée sur l'utilisation de l'agression instrumentale potentiellement destructrice, une réciprocité violente, mais socialisatrice et un sport « viril » capitaliste qui se nourrit du libéralisme et du débridement du pouvoir étatique. Pris dans un contexte post-moral, l'extériorisation d'une violence dans le MMA est à contre-courant du processus de pacification que la société connaît, associé à la quête de sécurité. Enfin, l'engagement corporel intense de ce sport ne correspond pas au culte du corps en bonne santé qui prédomine désormais. De ce fait, cette discipline questionne sur la place des sports-spectacles violents au sein d'une société pacifiée
Nowadays MMA is truly a phenomenon of society, it is among the fastest-growing sports of our time. The French translation frequently uses the words: arts martiaux mixtes. Contemporary sport par excellence, MMA was born and expanded during the late 20th century where it remained very marginalized. Its expansion came in the 1990s thanks to media coverage. This sport experienced an inversed process of sportivization. It is characterized by a hesitant reception from authorities, Olympic sport federations and public opinion: the cage, blood and hitting a grounded opponent pose problems for many observers. These negative aspects may be found in the social and individual representations in the answers of surveyed individuals, both initiated and non-initiated to hybrid combat sports. Mixed Martial Arts competition is not allowed in France, while athletes are more and more numerous within French MMA academies and gyms. This sport combines opposing concepts: otherness based on the utilization of instrumental, potentially destructive aggression, a violent but socializing reciprocity and a manly, capitalist sport which is based on liberalism and a stripping of state power. Taken in a post-moral context, the violence acts out against the process of pacification. This process is associated with a search for security and peace. Finally, the intensive bodily engagement of MMA does not correspond with the healthy body cult which predominates nowadays. Therefore, this practice questions the role of sport entertainment within a peaceful society

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Edelstein, Ian. "Measuring pathways to youth violence and the possible effects of a sports-based development intervention on youth in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20841.

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Drawing inspiration from longitudinal-experimental studies of youth violence and intervention in the global North, this study was designed as an ambitious two-site, large-n (n=700), longitudinal (3 waves over 24 months) quasi-experimental panel study to explore pathways to violent behaviour and violence-potential along with possible effects of a sport-based life skills programme among young men and boys. Fieldwork challenges led to a revision of the panel sampling and programming setbacks forced the closure of the second site. Lessons drawn from field research and youth-violence intervention in the urban South African context thus form an important component of the 'lived experience' of this study. These adjustments led to a revised quasi-experimental comparison group design which followed 3181 male subjects in Khayelitsha, 12-23 years-old, over a 12 month period. A unique violence-potential 'scorecard' (comprised of four sub-scales: attitudes towards gang associations, attitudes towards the use of instrumental violence, deviant peer associations, and self-reported fighting) was developed and tested through confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with self-reported violent behaviours and an external assessment (from the primary maternal caregiver). The resulting 'Violence Propensity Score' serves as the primary dependent variable in quantitative analyses. Findings indicate that the theorised risk factors of household deprivation and violent home environment influence parental involvement and, alongside harsh/inconsistent parenting, are significantly associated with a higher Violence Propensity Score, and lower school attitude and attachment, in cross-sectional analysis. In Structural Equation Modelling with longitudinal data, a pathway emerged through which an unstable home environment, influenced by deprivation and violence, affects the quality and consistency of parenting perceived by young male subjects. In turn, early deviant associations and attitudes toward violence and gangs are cultivated and these may have a deleterious effect on schooling and, with this, a subject's orientation toward the future and the present value of investment (of schooling efforts) for delayed gratification. This violence potential and weak school attachment manifests in greater future substance abuse and, in turn, much greater exposure to and acceptance of instrumental violence and criminal associations. Intervention participation in wave 2 did not significantly predict future violence potential, yet rate of participation in wave 3 was cross-sectionally associated with less violence potential. An unanticipated lack of early intervention attendance data and high rates of attrition from the intervention limited the robustness of intervention-related findings. However, area-based police crime data covering the Khayelitsha intervention catchment area showed a potential area effect within an 800m sq. area. Detailed spatial analysis of all crimes in Khayelitsha confirmed the significance of this reduction effect, though it was not unique. Crime incident mapping also revealed implausible concentrations and patterns of crime increase that cast doubt on the veracity and consistency of these data. This study is the first of its kind to quantitatively assess predictors of youth violence and intervention effects in South Africa. It is also the first study internationally to provide confirmatory factor analysis results for a youth violence risk measure for a general population and employ this Violence Propensity Score in longitudinal study. The Violence Propensity Score presented here is designed to be easily implemented and assessed by youth development practitioners (with non-statistical backgrounds), both to target interventions toward higher-risk youth and to easily measure changes in violence-risk over time.

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Murray, Ashnil C. "Twelve not so angry men: Masculinities and the perceptions of the 'off-field' violence involved in Australian body contact sports." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/89422/4/Ashnil_Murray_Thesis.pdf.

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Recently, media 'scandals' have pervaded a number of Australian body contact sports, in particular rugby league, rugby union and Australian rules football. Utilising the theoretical framework of masculinities, this research interviews footballers to gauge their perceptions of this media attention and how it compares to their own perspectives regarding off-field violence. Drawing inspiration from James Messerschmidt's (2000) 'Nine Lives' study and R.W. Connell's (1995) theoretical masculinities framework, in-depth, semi-structured interviews—known as life histories—were conducted with 12 footballers. Twelve life histories were completed with four men from each of the three major Australian football codes, namely Australian rules football, rugby union and rugby league. The research explores linkages between masculinity, body contact sport and engagement (or lack thereof) in violence 'off field'.

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Bilro, Vítor João Ramalho. "Violência associada ao desporto: estudo dos incidentes registados em espetáculos desportivos pela GNR." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29051.

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Desde a sua Origem que o Desporto tem sido visto como um campo de valores e virtudes sociais, em que as ações de “Fair Play” traduzem o melhor que existe no ser humano, proporcionando um clima extremamente harmonioso que se reflete em toda a sociedade. No entanto, a vontade de ganhar, transforma este fenómeno de valores e representações simbólicas em agressividade. Ao longo destes últimos anos, este fenómeno, ganha cada vez mais, uma dimensão social, quase que controlando o dia-a-dia da maioria dos seres humanos, ou porque treinam e eles próprios se envolvem na prática desportiva, ou porque refletem a sua imagem nas grandes vedetas desportivas ou clubes Nacionais e/ou internacionais. Através dos registos da GNR, tentámos encontrar respostas às ações de violência em Portugal, se existe um aumento constante ao longo do tempo, quais as modalidades que mais registos possuem e as zonas do País mais afetadas. Destarte, no que diz respeito à metodologia aplicada, foram recolhidos e agrupados 2405 relatórios de policiamento a espetáculos desportivos, por cinco regiões (Lisboa, Porto, Norte, Centro e Sul) e pelos anos em estudo (de 2004 a 2017). Iniciamos com uma caraterização da amostra, por ano e região, de forma a identificar o tipo de incidentes registados ao longo dos anos. Para melhorar o tratamento de dados, dividimos os incidentes em categorias e reagrupamo-los em dois grupos, um dirigido à equipa de arbitragem, forças de segurança, dirigentes e técnicos desportivos, o segundo grupo diz respeito aos incidentes causados entre o público. Concluirmos, que o número de incidentes no Futebol 11 é superior ao das outras modalidades e que existe associação entre a região e a modalidade (valor p<0,0001). Verificamos ainda que existe associação entre a região e o tipo de agressão (valor p<0,0001) e em relação ao aumento dos incidentes ao longo dos anos de acordo os gráficos não há, de facto uma variação linear, mas as correlações encontradas dão uma ideia do tipo de associação; Violence associated with sports: Study of incidentsin sportive events registered by GNR ABSTRACT: Since its conception that sport was seen as a field of social values and virtues, in which the actions of “Fair Play” translate the best that exists in human beings, providing an extremely harmonious climate that is reflected throughout society. However, the will to win transforms this phenomenon of values and symbolic representations into aggression. Over the last few years, this phenomenon has grown and gained a social dimension, nearly controlling the day-to-day life of a large number of people, either because they engage in sports practice, or because they project their image on the big stars of national and international clubs. Our goal is to find answers to these violent actions in Portugal through the PSP and GNR records. We tried to understand if the records of violence have increased over time, which modalities have the highest rate of violence and which areas of the country are most affected. For this study we applied the following work methodology: There were collected 2405 policing reports on sports shows, drawn up over 13 years (2004 to 2017), in five regions of the country (Lisbon, Porto, North, Center and South). Our study started with a sample characterization, by year and region, in order to identify the type of incidents recorded over the years. To improve data processing, we divided the incidents into categories and divided them into two groups, one addressed to the arbitration team, security forces, managers and sports technicians and the second group addressed to the incidents among the public. We concluded that the number of incidents in Football 11 is higher than in other sports and that there is an association between the region and the modality (value p<0,0001). We also verified that there is an association between the region and the type of aggression (value p<0,0001). According to the graphics there is no regular variation in the increase in incidents, but the correlations found provide an idea of the type of association.

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Louis, Sébastien. "Le mouvement Ultras en Italie au tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0845.

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En Italie, la passion pour le football n'est plus à prouver, que ce soit à travers l'exubérance de ses tifosi, l'ambiance dans les stades ou les incidents violents qui caractérisent les jours de matchs. C'est en 1968 que le premier groupe ultras voit le jour dans la péninsule. À la différence des autres supporters, les ultras assistent activement à la partie en soutenant leur équipe pendant toute la rencontre. Ils se munissent de banderoles pour marquer leur territoire et usent de nombreux drapeaux et fumigènes, produisant de véritables spectacles colorés qui se déroulent en concomitance de l'événement sportif. Mais surtout, ils n'hésitent pas à aller s'affronter violemment avec les ultras d'équipes rivales. Le phénomène s'est rapidement développé, dépassant même le cadre italien pour inspirer les supporters de l'Europe entière. Sébastien Louis brosse le portrait étonnant d'un mouvement qui reflète l'évolution de la scène politique et sociale italienne, mais qui ne s'y réduit pas. Le regard porté sur ce phénomène nous conduit bien au-delà des clichés réducteurs sur la violence et l'extrémisme politique dans les stades. Il en dévoile les différentes étapes depuis ses débuts, ses tensions internes, mais aussi les ressorts les plus cachés
In italy, the passion for football is evident, the exaggeration of its fans, the atmosphere inside the stadiums, and the violent incidents have all become the rituals of a day of a match. In 1968, the first group of ultras is created in italy. As opposed to other fans, the "ultras" are actively involved and fully support their team throughout the entire duration of the match. They equip themselves with banners to mark their territories and use numerous flags and smoke bombs, all of whichh produce spectacular and colourful shows while the sport event takes place. Driven by their commitment to support their team, ultras also violently confront other ultras from rival teams. This phenomenon has since rapidly developd beyond the borders of italy, influencing every other countries in europe. Sebastien louis describes explicitly the astonishing portrait of a growing movement that is influenced by the evolution of the italian political and social scene. The authors takes you beyond the clichés portrayed by the public media about violence and extremism in stadiums, and reveals to his audience the real history of the ultras, step by step, the tensions within the groups, and an unmasked look at the drives of thousands of young fans for carrying the flag of ultras

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Raiford, Jerris Laverne. "The Effect of Adolescent Physical and Sexual Dating Violence on the Nutritional and Psychological Health of Adolescent Girls." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/11.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the stress-eating relation established in the literature by examining a naturally occurring stressor, adolescent dating violence, and its effect on eating in adolescent girls. Specifically, analyses focused on assessing the mediating role of depression in the adolescent dating violence-fruit and vegetable intake relation and the moderating role of sports team involvement in the adolescent dating violence-depression relation. A nationally representative sample of 5,892 black, Hispanic, and white adolescent girls were surveyed using measures assessing physical and sexual dating violence experiences, depressed affect, suicidal thoughts, plans, and/or attempts, fruit and vegetable intake and involvement in team sports. This study supported the hypothesis that depression mediates the relation between adolescent dating violence and dietary intake, but only in black adolescent girls. These findings suggest that black girls victimized by dating violence experience depression, which may affect their desire or motivation to eat properly. This study also supported the hypothesis that sports team involvement, a source of social support and physical activity, moderated the relation between adolescent dating violence and depression and suicidality, but only for white adolescent girls. For this group, participating on a sports team served to protect those girls reporting dating violence from experiencing depression at the high rate reported by those dating violence victims not involved on a sports team. The findings presented in this study provide evidence that depression explains how experiences of dating violence affect eating behavior for a high-risk group, black adolescent girls. Recognizing depression’s contribution to this group’s high rate of obesity and overweight is an important step in preventing obesity and obesity-related outcomes in this population. Also, this study highlights an important source of social support, sports team involvement, and its potential to protect dating violence victims from experiencing depression and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts.

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Larsson, Olle, and Rasmus Kågström. "CROSSCHECKING ELLER MISSHANDEL? : En kritisk diskursanalys av kvällstidningars framställande av brott på ishockeyplanen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-157995.

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Ice hockey is seen as a rough sport. Sometimes situations tend to become too violent and players now and then get suspended for their acts on the ice. In very unusual cases the legal system has been forced to step in and prosecute players for situations on the ice. This is the case with Jakob Lilja. The purpose of this essay is therefore to seek answers on how two Swedish tabloids have framed Lilja and how the news coverage has changed during this time. The theory used in the study makes it possible to highlight how Lilja has been framed in the tabloids and it also gives the study the opportunity to further explain how Lilja has been portrayed. The scientific method used in this study has been a critical discourse analysis to be able to study the 43 articles included in the analysis in a qualitative manner. The study shows that the news coverage from the case has changed during the course of the time. The early coverage shows the framing of Lilja as an ice hockey player while the latter coverage more frame him as a criminal. But there are differences. The different tabloids have framed the case in different ways and the study shows that one of them has framed Lilja more than the other.

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Traclet, Alan. "Légitimité perçue des comportements d'agression dans la pratique du football : influence de la perspective adoptée par les joueurs." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20001.

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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'examiner l'influence de la perspective adoptée par les joueurs sur la légitimité perçue de l'agression en football. La réalité du terrain montre des différences d'interprétations entre les joueurs, selon la perspective qu'ils occupent dans la situation. Des différences existent aussi entre l'agresseur et l'arbitre. Autrement dit, il est important de tenir compte de ces perspectives d'acteur/soi et d'observateur/autrui. Les études consacrées aux " divergences liées-à-la-perspective " ont révélé qu'à chaque perspective correspond une interprétation différente de ce qui est agressif/illégitime (e. G. , Mummendey & Otten, 1989). Les résultats de notre travail indiquent (a) une effet persistant de la perspective adoptée par les joueurs sur la légitimité perçue de l'agression, (b) une influence des informations situationnelles sur la divergence soi-autrui, et (c) des différences de perceptions entre les joueurs agresseurs et les arbitres/entraîneurs
The aim of this explanatory study is to examine the influence of the perspective adopted by soccer players on the perceived legitimacy of aggression in football. The game reality shows some differences of interpretation between the players, according to the perspective that they can adopt in the situation. Differences exist also between the aggressor and the referee. In others words, it is important to take into account the actor/self's and the observer/other's perspectives. Studies on the “perspective-related differences” have suggested to each perspective correspond to a different interpretation of what is aggressive/illegitimate (e. G. , Mummendey & Otten, 1989). The results of own work indicate (a) a persistent effect of the perspective adopted by players on the perceived legitimacy of aggression, (b) an influence of situational information on the self-other divergence, and (c) differences of perceptions between the “agressors” players and the referees/coaches

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Castria, Claudia <1997&gt. "Violence against Women in Sport." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19996.

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Il primo capitolo della tesi tratta la violenza contro le donne, partendo dalla nozione nel diritto internazionale, il progresso del diritto internazionale relativo a questo fenomeno, la cause strutturali della violenza contro le donne, la dimensione che riguarda i diritti umani e gli strumenti giuridici internazionali e regionali che regolano la violenza contro le donne. Il secondo capitolo si focalizza sula violenza contro le donne nello sport. Inizia con la mancata nozione del fenomeno, oltre alla mancanza di consapevolezza, e poi vengono forniti dei dati che dimostrano la violenza contro le donne nello sport. Successivamente vengono illustrati i limiti dello studio e le varie forme che la violenza contro le donne nello sport può assumere: scarsi livelli di partecipazione, vittimizzazione sessuale, sport professionistici e gender pay gap, disuguaglianze per quanto riguarda le posizioni di allenatore e di di leadership, discriminazione dei media, violenza contro le giovani atlete e l'intersezionalità). Nel terzo capitolo vengono date delle generalità di diritto sportivo (sia internazionale sia europeo) e del sistema giudiziario sportivo. Vengono poi illustrati gli attori coinvolti nella violenza contro le donne nello sport (a livello internazionale, regionale, e degli stati membri dell'Unione Europea) e gli strumenti che hanno adottato, e la dimensione che riguarda i diritti umani di questo fenomeno. Nel quarto e ultimo capitolo, che tratta della prevenzione della violenza contro le donne nello sport, si parte dalla spiegazione degli obblighi degli stati per quanto riguarda la violenza contro le donne in generale, per poi passare ai prossimi passi che possono essere presi per combattere la violenza contro le donne nello sport (riforme procedurali ed un eventuale protocollo). Successivamente vengono illustrati gli approcci alla prevenzione, gli attori che promuovo la prevenzione e le iniziative di prevenzione della violenza contro le donne nello sport da cui si può prendere inspirazione. Viene spiegato il "6Ps framework" e le possibili misure future che possono adottare la Commissione Europea, gli stati memebri dell'Unione Europea e le organizzazioni sportive. Si conclude con il percorso che ha fatto il calcio femminile, per inforndere sperenza per il futuro degli sport femminili.

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Cohen, Jennifer. "Droit du sport et droit pénal : recherche d'un équilibre." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1051/document.

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Rien de prime abord ne rapproche le sport et la violence. Le sport contribue à un épanouissement personnel alors que la violence est un moyen d’oppression. Du fait de l’augmentation croissante des violences sportives, le droit du sport s’est trouvé dépassé. Le droit pénal est alors intervenu à son secours afin de réprimer et de faire diminuer ces violences. Au fil du temps, le droit pénal a pris une place de plus en plus importante dans le contentieux sportif, de sorte qu’un droit pénal spécifique du sport a émergé. Si le droit pénal ne peut plus intervenir dans le contentieux sportif en raison du particularisme fort qui caractérise le droit du sport, la création d’un droit pénal du sport est devenue nécessaire, avec ses incriminations spécifiques, en conservant toutefois un droit pénal commun, également applicable en droit du sport. Pour autant le droit du sport est encadré par le droit pénal mais également par le droit disciplinaire. Toutefois, le droit du sport s’autorégule si bien qu’il se suffit à lui seul et qui n’a pas besoin de recourir systématiquement au droit pénal. Peu à peu une dépénalisation s’est mise en place. Le droit pénal a alors pu prendre ses distances avec le droit du sport afin de laisser la pratique sportive s’épanouir. En somme, si l’intervention du droit pénal en droit du sport est devenue inéluctable, il n’en demeure pas moins que le droit du sport, compte tenu de sa spécificité, est capable de s’autoréguler
Nothing at first only brings sport and violence. Sport contributes to personal fulfillment while violence is a means of oppression. Due to the increasing violence of sports, sports law has been overtaken. Criminal law is then stepped to his aid to suppress and decrease the violence. Over time, criminal law has become an increasingly important litigation in the sports, so that a specific criminal law of sport has emerged. If the criminal law can no longer intervene in the sports litigation because of the strong individualism that characterizes sports law, the creation of a criminal law sport has become necessary, with specific offenses, keeping however a common criminal, also apply in the sports law. However sports law is framed by the criminal law, but also by the disciplinary law.However, sports law regulates itself so that it is sufficient in itself and does not need to systematically use the criminal law. Gradually decriminalization was implemented. Criminal law was then able to distance sports law to allow the sport to flourish. In sum, if the intervention of criminal law sports law has become inevitable, the fact remains that sports law, given its specificity, is able to regulate itself

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Creve-Coeur, Yves. "Arts martiaux, sports de combat et violences." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR17001.

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La premiere partie de ce travail est consacree a une etude comparative des arts martiaux d'extreme orient, tels le kung fu, l'okinawa-te et le karate et de deux sports de combat occidentaux : la boxe francaise et la boxe americaine. Cette etude vise a comprendre les preludes a la ritualisation de la violence et les transformations des techniques querrieres en arts martiaux ou sports de combat. La seconde partie est centree sur le comportement violent tel qu'il s'exprime dans le passage a l'acte. J'y relate mon experience d'educateur enseignant la boxe francaise a des jeunes dits "psychopathes", violents ou drogues. A partir de cette experience j'essaye d'analyser les ressorts du passage a l'acte et les possibilites envisageables pour degager certains sujets de la spirale de la violence et de son corollaire, l'exclusion. Cela me conduit a une reflexion sur les biens entre acte, passage a l'acte et parole. Je souligne une difference entre acte et passage montrant que le sujet dit psychopathe est autant hors acte que hors parole dans le temps du passage a l'acte
The first part of this work is consecrated to a comparative study of martial arts from orient, like kung fu, okinawa-te and karate and two occidental boxing sports, french and american boxing. This study try to understand preludes to ritualisation of violence and the transformations of technical warrior in martial art or fighting sports. The second part is centred on the violent behaviour as it expresses in taking act. I speak about my experience of educational who teaches french boxing to young people called "psychopates", violent or drug addict. From this experience i try to test the spirits of taking act and the possibilities to free some subjets of the spiral of the violence and his corrollary, the exclusion. This leds me to a reflexion about the good between act, taking act and word. I underline a difference between act and taking act, showing that the subjet called psychopathe is as much out of act that out of word in the time of taking act

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Creve-Coeur, Yves. "Arts martiaux, sports de combat et violences." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376041160.

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Nuytens, Williams. "Essai de sociologie des supporters du football : une enquête à Lens et à Lille." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-15.pdf.

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TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO CLAUDIO ENGELKE MENEZES. "SPORT AND VIOLENCE IN JIU-JITSU: ON PITBOYS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11860@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre a prática do jiu-jitsu, tal como desenvolvido pela família Gracie, e a violência praticada pelo que a mídia convencionou chamar de pitboys, jovens cariocas de classe média e alta que amiúde envolvem-se em brigas e atos de vandalismo. Evitando abordar o tema pelo viés da ausência, comumente utilizado para explicar o comportamento de pitboys - a falta de instrutores de jiu-jitsu qualificados, de pais zelosos, de limites de educação, de leis mais severas etc. -, o presente estudo procurou observar, no interior de uma academia de jiu-jitsu, a construção de um ethos guerreiro, a profissionalização da porrada advinda do sucesso dos eventos de vale-tudo, as inscrições corporais dos praticantes de jiu-jitsu, a importância das marias-tatames na consolidação de um estilo de masculinidade rude ou bruto, e a relação entre virilidade e masculinidade, atributos muito prezados por lutadores. Num segundo momento, a pesquisa se dedica a entender a porrada como um jogo, uma brincadeira inserida num contexto lúdico; jogo que é a um só tempo racional e irracional, e que implica sempre em algum risco e, portanto, em possibilidade de reconhecimento e lucros de distinção para os vencedores. Observa-se também o contexto mais amplo dentro do qual o fenômeno pitboy eclodiu: a sensação de insegurança que se instala no rastro da ascensão do crime organizado a partir dos anos oitenta, o processo de identificação de pitboys com marginais excluídos, a cultura da malandragem que une a ambos e, ao mesmo tempo e paradoxalmente, o reforço das fronteiras de classe no uso do você sabe com quem está falando?, comumente utilizado por jovens de classe média e alta que praticam a violência na noite carioca.
The research tries to understand the relation between the practice of jiu-jitsu, as developed by the Gracie family, and the violence of the so called pitboys, upper class young boys that often becomes involved in street fights and acts of vandalism. Preventing to approach the subject trough the bias of the absence, normally used to explain the behavior of pitboys - the lack of qualified jiu-jitsu instructors, zealous parents, limits of education, severe laws etc. -, the present study seeks to observe, in the interior of a jiu-jitsu academy, the construction of a warlike ethos, the professionalization of street fights due to the success of No Holds Barred events, the corporal inscriptions of jiu-jitsu practitioners, the importance of the Marias-tatames (young girls who choose only mean jiu-jitsu fighters to date) in the consolidation of a rude style of masculinity, and the relation between virility and masculinity, attributes highly valued by fighters. The research also tries to understand street fights as a game that is part of a playful context; a play that, at the same time, is both rational and irrational, that always implies in some kind of risk and, therefore, in the possibility of recognition for the winners. The wider context in which the phenomenon pitboy came out is also observed: the sensation of unsecurity that is installed in the track of organized crime`s ascension back in the Eighties; the process of identification of pitboys with excluded delinquents; the malandragem culture that joins them both and, paradoxicalally, the frequent use by pitboys of the autoritarian rite do you know who are you speaking to?, that reinforces the distinction between upper and lower class people in Brazil.

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Casagrande, Magnos Cassiano. "ENCENAÇÃO JORNALÍSTICA DA VIOLÊNCIA NO FUTEBOL: ESTUDO DE ESTRATÉGIAS DISCURSIVAS, EFEITOS DE SENTIDO E VALORES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6347.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aims to analyze how the discursive construction is about the sociocultural phenomenon of violence in football for enunciators newspapers Folha de São Paulo and Zero Hora. Thereby, investigates the discursive strategies adopted to produce meaning effects, which affirm handling human and social values. To this end, presents the fundamentals of communication as a relationship and its strategic nature and discourse as a space of interaction among subjets. It is theorized also meaning effects of reality, enunciation and theming, which are used as steps that guide the analytical process. Then it develops considerations of football violence, violence in football and the latter interweaving with the media. The theoretical-methodological approach adopted for analysis of newspaper materiality is based on Discourse Analysis in Semiology of Discourse and Theory of Enunciation. Knowing the values permeating journalistic discourse and enunciators establish relations with the enunciated and what they say besides try to give concreteness to the meanings that want to share, is seeking possible answers to the place assumed by sports journalism in relation to football events with violence.
O presente estudo propõe analisar como constitui-se a construção discursiva a respeito do fenômeno sociocultural da violência no futebol por enunciadores dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora. Com efeito, investigam-se as estratégias discursivas acionadas para a produção de efeitos de sentido, os quais afirmam e manuseiam valores humanos e sociais. Para tanto, apresentam-se os fundamentos da comunicação como uma relação e sua natureza estratégica e do discurso como um espaço de interação entre os sujeitos. Teorizam-se ainda os efeitos de sentido de realidade, de enunciação e de tematização, os quais são utilizados como passos que guiam o processo analítico. Em seguida, desenvolvem-se considerações a respeito do futebol, da violência, da violência no futebol e o imbricamento desta última com a mídia. O enfoque teórico-metodológico adotado para análises das materialidades jornalísticas baseia-se na Análise do Discurso, na Semiologia dos Discursos e na Teoria da Enunciação. Sabendo que os valores permeiam o discurso jornalístico e que os enunciadores estabelecem relações com os enunciatários e com o que dizem, além de tentarem dar concretude aos sentidos que desejam compartilhar, buscam-se possíveis respostas para o lugar assumido pelo jornalismo esportivo em relação aos eventos futebolísticos com violência.

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Zeitchick, Alexander L. "Hypermasculinity, Narcissism, and Violence Among Athletes: Sport Behavior and Perceptions of Coaches." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1491776051176087.

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Milner, Adrienne N. "Do "You Go Girl"?: Females Athletes and Intimate Partner Violence." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/123.

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Although several studies have examined the benefits of sport participation for women, few have centered on women of color in particular. Furthermore, the association between how athletic involvement affects one?s likelihood of victimization has yet to be fully explained. Using data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this research employs structural equation modeling techniques to explore the relationship among adolescent females' racial diversity, differential participation in an active sport, and levels of self-esteem to determine how these variables affect victimization patterns in adulthood. Results indicate that female athletic participation has a highly statistically significant positive impact on self-esteem; however, athletic participation and self-esteem levels in adolescent females are not significantly related to their victimization by intimate partners in young adulthood. These results suggest that concentration on victims' characteristics is not necessarily beneficial in order to develop a better understanding of violence; where perhaps instead, research should more closely examine the attributes of perpetrators and societal institutions when exploring how and why violence occurs and who is affected by it.

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Bartolucci, Paul. "Sociologie des supporters de football : la persistance du militantisme sportif en France, Allemagne et Italie." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842777.

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Le supporter de football n'est pas un spectateur ordinaire : c'est un " acharné ", un " spect'acteur ", qui n'entend pas vivre sa passion par procuration. Il s'approprie littéralement la notion de compétition dans ses activités de soutien. Mon travail se base sur une acception restrictive du terme " supporter ", défini en tant qu'individu qui s'investit émotionnellement de manière poussée et qui s'identifie fortement au club qu'il affectionne. Etre supporter, ce n'est pas le devenir : c'est le demeurer. Analyser le supportérisme revient à s'intéresser à ces fans qui continuent de soutenir une équipe indépendamment de ses performances sportives. J'ai choisi d'enquêter sur des populations qui se rattachent à des institutions-clubs " en situation de marasme ", à Strasbourg, Berlin et Turin. Pourquoi ces supporters se rendent-ils encore au stade quand bien même les perspectives de succès sont limitées voire inexistantes ? Quelle place accorder au conflit dans le supportérisme ? Et plus généralement, quels sont les principaux ressorts du militantisme sportif ?

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Bebber, Brett Matthew. "The Culture of Football: Violence, Racism and British Society, 1968-98." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194186.

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Britain enjoys a rich historical tradition of popular protest and collective action. Due to their public and publicized nature, sporting events have been recognized increasingly as venues in which broader cultural and political meanings are enacted and debated in the postwar period. This project examines how social anxieties about immigration, unemployment, and government repression were represented and contested through violence and eventually racist aggression at football matches. From 1968 to the mid-1970s, violence among fans and with police became expected on a weekly basis within and outside British football stadiums as new forms of spectator allegiance and sports consumption emerged. British football became a contested cultural and institutional site of racisms, violence, masculinities, and national mythologies. Rather than examining football per se, the principal aim of this project is to investigate how this distinct cultural milieu became a site for the British government to enact violence against working-class citizens by manipulating moral anxieties, physical environments, police tactics, and legal prosecution. Whereas many British sociologists have focused on the motivation of crowd behavior and the group dynamics among supporter gangs, this paper looks at the response of the state, local police authorities, and the Home Office and Department of Environment. Politicians concerned with British sport helped to create oppositional, aggressive and disciplinary environments that promoted mutually reciprocating violent environments. Beginning in the late 1970s, spectators not only participated in violence, but also racial abuse, in stadium environments. Several fans protested the emergence of successful black footballers, who came to represent conflicts about immigration, job and housing competition, and race riots in postwar Britain. The environment became a cultural location that several groups recognized as a platform for the contestation and manipulation of racial and class conflict: it garnered activism from the neo-fascist National Front, spawned several anti-racist organizations, captured the attention of the Home Office responsible for public order, and garnered extensive national press coverage. Consequently, the football environment not only mirrored social and political hostilities, but produced them as well.

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Mariga, Erick. "Sport for development and peace in communities: A case study of the ‘sport for peace and social transformation programme’ in Uasin Gishu, Kenya." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8098.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This study examined the role of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) in peacebuilding, focussing particularly on the case of the Kenya Community Sports Foundation’s (KESOFO) Sport for Peace and Social Transformation (SPST) programme in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. It was meant to provide an in-depth understanding of the role generally played by community NGO programmes in fostering peace in communities through variations of the SDP framework. Additionally, the study’s purpose was to identify lessons of experience from the programme and give recommendations on how the programme can be improved in delivering its stated goal of fostering peace and development in conflict prone communities. The study made use of Johan Galtung’s 3Rs Conflict transformation theory, linking it with the Sports for Development and Peace (SDP) framework, with a critical analysis being proffered all in the quest to inform conceptualisation of this particular study. It made use of the philosophical assumption of interpretivism through relativist ontology and qualitative research methodology anchored on a descriptive approach.

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Schwartz, Theodore P. II. "A Most Violent Game: A Framing Study on the Media’s Coverage of Concussions and Injuries in Sports." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3259.

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The following is a study on the effects of framing the topic of concussions in the sports media. The study examined the differences between “perceptions of seriousness” of concussions based on two article conditions and how men and women, athletes and non-athletes, sports fans and non-sports fans all viewed the seriousness of concussions. Other variables of analysis included testing participants for their emotional empathy and aggressiveness in relation to their views on concussions. The findings of the study did not confirm most of the hypotheses, but the major hypothesis was supported. For participants who read the “serious” article condition, they reported taking concussions more seriously. Those that were exposed to the “less serious” article condition reported taking concussions less seriously. Therefore, the study shows that the framing of concussions in the sports media could have real consequences for both how the issue is discussed and perceived on the national landscape.

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Björk, Elin. "”Det är inte gay om man inte ser varandra i ögonen” : en kritisk undersökning av maskulinitet, våld och intimitet inom MMA." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kulturvetenskaper, KVA, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97998.

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Föreställningar kring maskulinitet och våld är i dagens samhälle nära sammankopplade och har så varit även historiskt. Denna studie har som mål att undersöka hur dessa sammankopplingar påverkar män som tränar och tävlar MMA och hur det påverkar deras maskulinitetskonstruktioner. Genom att undersöka dessa mäns inställning till våld, maskulinitet och intimitet inom MMA, syftar studien till att tydliggöra den diskurs som vuxit fram på en kampsortsklubb i Sverige. Slutsatsen av denna undersökning är att en tillsynes motsägelsefull bild kring våld och intimitet konstruerats inom denna diskurs. Inom MMA-diskursen finns utrymme för fysisk intimitet på ett sätt som sällan accepteras mellan män i samhället utanför. Samtidigt kan inställningen till våld förklaras genom att utövarna skiljer våldsamma handlingar från aggressivitet och därför inte ser utövandet som våld.
Concepts about masculinity and violence are closely connected in today´s society, and have been so historically as well. The purpose of this essay is to study how these connections influence men who practice and compete in MMA and how this affects their construction of masculinities. By the study of these men’s attitudes towards violence, masculinity and intimacy within MMA, this study aims to clarify the discourse that has developed in a martial arts club in Sweden. The conclusion of this study is that a seemingly contradictory image of violence and intimacy is produced in this discourse. Inside the MMA discourse there is room for physical intimacy between men in a way that is rarely accepted in society at large. At the same time their attitudes towards violence can be explained by the fact that the practitioners separate violent actions from aggression and therefor do not view these actions as violence.

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Rannou, Gaël. "Les constructions territoriales des supporters du Paris-St-Germain : jeux d'identité et enjeux de placement au sein d'un monde sécuritaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30037.

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Cette thèse de géographie a deux objectifs. À partir d'une méthode microgéographique, ce travail montrera, dans un premier temps, que l'identité des supporters ultras et hooligans se construit en relation avec d'autres acteurs (collectifs de supporters, police, dirigeants de clubs) mais surtout par la mobilisation de référents spatiaux. Dans un deuxième temps, ce travail montrera pourquoi et comment cette identité est remise en cause par les acteurs institutionnels à savoir les pouvoirs publics, les instances du football et les clubs. D'une part, ces supporters construisent des territoires collectivement et leur place au sein de ceux-ci individuellement. Pour appartenir à un collectif, les supporters doivent construire leur place qui s'articule entre la quête d'une position sociale et des emplacements caractéristiques liés à cette façon de supporter. Les emplacements sont situés au sein des lieux appropriés par le collectif et ces lieux symbolisent le territoire de ce dernier. D'autre part, ce territoire est défendu violemment par ces supporters ultras et hooligans pour qui la violence est un jeu et/ou un code en vigueur au sein de leur monde social. C'est donc la dimension territoriale et conflictuelle de cette identité qui est problématique pour les acteurs institutionnels. Dans un monde du football mondialisé qui serait exemplaire des excès d'une surmodernité ; l'enjeu de cette thèse est donc de questionner la place des supporters ultras et hooligans dans ce monde qu'ils désignent comme « moderne » et en quoi sa dimension sécuritaire dévoile les paradoxes de cette modernité
This geography thesis has two objectives. Using a microgeographic method, this work will show, in the first step, that the identity of ultras and hooligan supporters is built in relation to other actors (supporters' collectives, police, club managers) and by mobilization of spatial referents. In a second step, this work will show why and how this identity is fought by the institutional actors namely the public authorities, the authorities of football and the clubs. On the one hand, these supporters build territories collectively and their place within them individually. To be a member of the collective, supporters must build their place which is articulated between the quest for a social position and characteristic locations linked to this way of supporting. The locations are situated in places appropriate by the collective and these places symbolize the territory of the latter. On the other hand, this territory is violently defended by these ultras supporters and hooligans. For them, this violence is a game and a code applicable in their social world. So, It is the territorial and conflicting dimension of this identity that is problematic for institutional agents. In a world of football that would be exemplary of the excesses of over-modernity; the challenge of this thesis is to interrogate the place of ultras and hooligan supporters in this world which they designate as "modern" and in what way its security dimension reveals the paradoxes of this modernity

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Violence in sports'

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