Academic literature on the topic 'Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects"
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McGarty, Craig. "Twenty Years After Genocide: The Role of Psychology in the Reconciliation and Reconstruction Process in Rwanda." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.449.
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This Special Thematic Section brings together eight papers that showcase different aspects of the contribution of psychology to the processes of recovery in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide. The Section is noteworthy in part because a majority of the papers have Rwandan authors. In summarizing the contributions I make six observations about the remarkable context of the genocide and its aftermath: a) it was distinctive from previous mass violence in its intensity and character; b) it has been characterized by bystander inaction and the problems of positioning outsiders to help; c) hundreds of thousands of accused or convicted perpetrators have lived alongside survivors; d) electronic media played a profound role not only in promoting violence but also in building peace; e) Rwanda has been the site of unprecedented societal interventions with political goals that have the character and content of social psychological experiments; and f) the role of memorialization in repairing or sustaining harm needs further examination. I conclude by noting that the study of recovery is clear proof that the genocide in Rwanda, as is the case with genocides of the past, failed to achieve its aims.
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Hussein, Jeylan Wolyie. "Discursive and Processual Socialization of the Mass into Acts of Violence: the Case of Rwandan Genocide." Ethnic Studies Review 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2013.36.1.77.
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This article analyses discursive and processual socialization of the masses into acts of violence during the Rwandan genocide of 1 994. The discursive aspects of the socialization include discourses of dehumanization, ethnic extremism and the dynamics of public socialization into violence and other acts of savagery. The processual dimension of the socialization refers to the violentization process. The article tries to show that the discursive and the processual aspects of socialization reinforced each other. It analyses the ideological and linguistic mechanisms mobilized in Rwanda to foment hatred and whip the masses into atrocities. The article, in addition, tries to explain the genocide through diverse social psychological theories and illustrate the interaction between the leaders' political agitation of the masses towards extermination and the perpetrators' action on the ground. The article argues that no single theory can fully explain the incomprehensible genocide since it was the result of a complex intermarriage between social, ideological and moral forces. It also examines the role of cultural and linguistic resources in the violentization process. On the basis of the analysis, the article recommends what should be done to prevent similar atrocities in Africa.
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Gasana, Oscar. "A typology of theoretical approaches to the study of Rwandan Tutsi genocide." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 8, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2015-0204.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a typological framework of approaches to the study of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide, in a comparative perspective. Based on the assertion that no single theoretical approach can account for so complex and totalizing a phenomenon, the paper targets different aspects of causality, drawing from three key publications by contemporary genocide scholars: Vern N. Redekop, Christopher Taylor and Mahmood Mamdani. It argues for their significant complementary contribution to a better understanding of the last genocide of the twentieth century. By offering different analytical angles, as demonstrated from each perspective, the paper enriches the conceptualisation of genocides in general, and the Rwandan Tutsi genocide in particular. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Drawing from three key contemporary authors, it identifies and analyses three theoretical approaches in a comparative perspective, namely, the human identity needs approach (Redekop, 2002), the politico-anthropological approach (Taylor, 2000) and the colonialist approach (Mamdani, 2002) which, if unified, would go a long way in providing a clearer picture and a better understanding of Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Of course this does not mean that the three approaches account for every aspect of the phenomenon under study. It is a work in progress, reflecting the complex nature of genocide and the concomitant need to approach its analysis from different angles and perspectives. The selected authors address different key areas of scientific enquiry from different perspectives that complement each other, leading to a better understanding of the reality under investigation. Findings The authors learn from these approaches the constructed nature of ethnicity, what Benedict Anderson (1983, p. 211) calls the “imagined communities”. The Rwandese community was imagined by the colonial power, codifying the distinctions on the basis of such ridiculous criteria as cattle ownership and physical measurements, and issuing identity cards accordingly. In the final analysis, the choice of the most appropriate approaches to the study of genocide is a function of multiple factors: cultural, historical, political, anthropological, psychological, ethnographical, each genocide case being contextually different. The combination of the three approaches above seems to go a long way in confronting the complexity of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide. Research limitations/implications As the authors have already mentioned, the theoretical approaches are not exhaustive. Yet, they have significant implications in terms of research processes. Practical implications Practically, these approaches lead to a deeper and broader understanding of genocide causality. Social implications By tackling research issues from multiple angles, the product captures more elements that enable the shift from the structures of violence towards the structures of blessing. Originality/value It is the first time that such a research tool is made available to researchers wishing to deepen the understanding of the Rwandan Tutsi genocide.
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Lukashevych, N. M., I. O. Yukhymets, S. V. Trach-Rosolovska, V. V. Balanovskyi, and O. O. Rosolovskyi. "Domestic violence: forensic medical and psychological aspects." Bukovinian Medical Herald 23, no. 2 (90) (June 30, 2019): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxiii.2.90.2019.46.
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Zinsu, O. "Social and Legal-Psychological Aspects of Domestic Violence." Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnoï akademìï vnutrìšnìh sprav 114, no. 1 (2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33270/01201141.79.
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Bilali, Rezarta. "Between Fiction and Reality in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Reflections on a Social-Psychological Media Intervention for Social Change." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 2, no. 1 (April 11, 2014): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v2i1.288.
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This article reflects on the potential and challenges of implementing social psychological interventions in the aftermath of genocide, specifically focusing on an education entertainment media campaign in Rwanda. The analysis is based on the author’s experience working with a non-governmental organization in producing "Musekeweya"—a very popular violence prevention and reconciliation radio drama. The article highlights the advantages of using fiction as an effective tool to communicate messages about violence and reconciliation, and provide a safe space to address sensitive topics in post-genocide contexts. In addition, it outlines some of the challenges of translating existing knowledge to interventions that promote reconciliation in specific socio-political settings, such as Rwanda, where the government has implemented a series of programs and policies to achieve unity and reconciliation. The paper ends with a discussion of future directions to further increase social and political psychology’s potential to inform effective social interventions in the aftermath of violence.
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Mukashema, Immaculée. "A REPORT ABOUT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RWANDA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs93201818277.
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The present paper reports on intimate partner violence (IPV) in 3 districts of Southern Province and Western Province in Rwanda. Qualitative data were obtained via 3 focus group discussions conducted at the headquarters of each district, and 10 individual interviews with key informants, community leaders who worked in the districts. The types of IPV discussed were physical, economic, sexual, and psychological harassment. Community leaders stated that the women in their communities had no hesitation in reporting economic abuse and physical violence, but noted that the women needed support from other people to report sexual violence, and generally did not report psychological harassment, perhaps because they accepted it as the norm. They also noted that men generally did not report IPV and that the main victims of IPV in all its forms were children and women. The community leaders suggested a number of measures to reduce IPV: empowering females so that they are financially independent; educating and sensitizing family members about their responsibilities and community leaders about laws and human rights; educating all community members about gender equality and IPV, including premarital instruction; increasing access to services; putting in place a law that protects free unions by giving them legal status after a period of cohabitation; setting up a specific institution to deal with IPV; improving both support to the victims and follow-up of reported cases, along with instituting punitive responses to deter potential new perpetrators.
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Katerynchuk, Kateryna, and Olga Matsiuk. "Bullying: Legal and Socio-Psychological Aspects." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 3(32) (December 18, 2020): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2020-3(32)-10.
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The article focuses on the problems of bullying. Legal and socio-psychological aspects are analyzed in order to further prevention and improvement of the methods counteracting this phenomenon. In particular, the stages of development of the problem are drawn, special attention is paid to research in which it is possible to develop a plan of action to prevent bullying in educational institutions. Bullying is one of the most uncertain and debatable definitions that needs further study. Systematic, regularly repeated violence (mostly psychological) is the main feature of bullying. Scientists D. Olveus, P. Randall, N. Duncanson and others have studied the problem of bullying. The article reveals the legal aspect of bullying, namely legal liability (administrative and criminal). The content of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine about Countering Bullying (Harassment)” of December 18, 2018 №2657-VIII and other regulations are analyzed. Methods to counter bullying such as the Farst, Link crew and the Finnish KiVa method are presented. Development of an action plan, aimed at preventing and combating bullying (harassment) in educational institutions, is among the ways of solution the problem. Thus, bullying is the worldwide problem. This problem is called socio-psychological which leads to destruction of the personal character. According to the authors, education from childhood is necessary. A person should know, already in his adolescence, that he can be prosecuted criminally or administratively for illegal actions. Bullying is violence, therefore science of law must be taught. This problem mustn`t be ignored because it could lead to irreparable consequences and ruin lives of many people. The authors note that it is impossible to eradicate bullying but it is possible to minimize such cases. Key words: bullying, participants of the educational process, violence, school aggression, preventing, offence.
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Mikheieva, M. L. "DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: FORENSIC-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND SOCIAL-LEGAL ASPECTS." Habitus, no. 19 (2020): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2020.19.44.
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Ogorenko, Viktoriia, Olha Hnenna, and Viktor Kokashynskyi. "Social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence (literature review)." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 29, issue 1 (106) (March 1, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is1-2021-9.
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The article considered the social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence. Analyzed the main types of violent behavior (economic, psychological, physical, sexual) and the components of the causes of cruel behavior in the family: aggressive behavior, violence, violent behavior. The results of sociological research are presented, the prevalence, causes, aims and types of this phenomenon in Ukraine and in the world are determined. The sociological and cultural concepts of the features of the spread of the phenomenon of violence in families are considered. The stages of the formation of violent behavior in families are analyzed. The features of neurotic disorders and their prevalence among people who have experienced domestic violence are considered.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects"
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Edward, Katherine E. "Sexual violence : dynamics, aftermath and intervention." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15413.
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This thesis examines the nature of sexual violence, the trauma experienced by survivors, how report rate for this type of crime can be increased, and how secondary victimisation of survivors can be prevented. Laboratory examination of the attributions made about survivors of sexual violence found that they not only differ from those made about survivors of non-sexual crimes, but also that negative attitudes are strongly related to the gender-role attitudes of the attributor. Empirical research also suggested that providing written information may not be sufficient to alter negative attitudes. Results of a general public crime survey (N=266) suggest that the trauma experienced by survivors of sexual violence is higher than that of survivors of other crime types. Specific examination of the experiences and recovery of survivors of sexual violence (N=42) found that severe assaults, recent victimisation, and assault by a known offender, are related to high levels of symptomatology. Negative self-attributions and perceptions were also found to be related to high levels of symptomatology, and these cognitions were found to be the strongest predictors of recovery. Unlike previous findings with other subject groups, self-blame was not found to be related to increased control. Examination of post-assault factors suggests that the low report rate for sexual crimes may be due to lack of faith in the police and fear of Criminal Justice interactions. In addition, it was found that dissatisfaction with report decision was highly related to levels of symptomatology. A model of how assault factors, survivor cognitions and post-assault interactions may relate to each other and symptomatology is presented. The findings of the survey and laboratory research are discussed in terms of their implications for successful support of survivors, increasing report rate for sexual crimes, the prevention of secondary victimisation, and future psychological research.
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Klopper, Ilana. "The relationship between exposure to violence and moral development of adolescents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1526.
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South Africa currently has one of the highest levels of crime in the world. The high prevalence of violence in South African culture has led to the increased exposure to violence of individuals of all ages. The South African Police Service annual report for 2008/2009 reported 48 732 crimes ranging from murder, attempted murder to sexual offences and common assault against children under the age of 18 years. In addition, young people between the ages from 12 to 22 are generally victimized at twice the adult rate and even higher for violent crimes. It is the belief of various theorists that exposure to violence can alter one’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes- the three core components that are essential to moral development. The role that exposure to violence has on the development of aggressive behavior has been thoroughly researched; however the implications that this exposure has on the moral development of adolescents remains vague. This study explored and described the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development amongst adolescent learners. A quantitative exploratory descriptive research design was employed and the participants were selected by means of non-probability, convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 53 participants at a coeducational high school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The demographic data of the participants was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. The participants’ exposure to violence was explored by using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire- South African Adaptation (HTQ-SAA), while their moral development was assessed by means of the Moral Judgment Test (MJT). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and both the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi square test was computed to draw inferences regarding the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development. The results of the study revealed that all of the participants were exposed to violence directly or indirectly on one or more occasion; however the frequency with which the participants were exposed to violence was lower than expected. The results of the MJT further indicated very low to low moral judgement competence scores for the majority of the sample. No significant correlation or association was found between the two constructs.
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Quest, Kathryn. "The Relationship of Receiving Violence and Perceptions of Self and Partner." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935603/.
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The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are any differences between college students 1) who have received violence 2) who have received threats of physical violence, and 3) who have not received threats or physical violence from their partners. The study examined ways in which these three groups describe their own and their partners' self-esteem and personality. Significant findings indicate that perceptions of one's self esteem and partner's self esteem are affected by the level of violence received. Surprisingly, those who received threats of violence, for both perceptions of self and partners, had the lowest self esteem. No significant relationship was found between vilence and perceptions of personality. Additional findings suggest that those in violent relationships have lower relationship satisfaction that those who receive threats or no violence at all.
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Calvert, William Emory. "Vietnam veteran levels of combat : perceived and actual violence." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/472674.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate if a relationship exists between levels of combat experienced by Vietnam veterans and later perceptions of violence, violent attitudes, and violent participants: heavy combat Vietnam veterans; light combat Vietnam veterans; Vietnam era veterans; and non-veteran (civilian) friends of Vietnam veterans.Calvert's Brief Demographic Questionnaire (BDQ), Part 2, checked pre-military predisposition toward having later problems; Figley's Combat Experience Questionnaire (CEO) divided Vietnam combat veterans into heavy and light categories; Wilson's Vietnam Veteran Scenario and Questionnaire examined perceptions of violence by Vietnam veterans; Bardis' A Violence Scale investigated violent attitudes; and Straus' Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales (adapted) measured behavioral violence. The .05 level of statistical significance was used.Findings1. None of the four groups were predisposed to having later problems as measured by Calvert's BDO, Part 2.2. There were no significant differences among groups in perceiving the Vietnam veteran in Wilson's Scenario as being violent.3. Bardis' scale indicated no group differences in terms of having violent attitudes.4. Vietnam combat veterans did not score significantly higher on a majority <6 of 10) of CT Scale items measuring violent behavior.Conclusions1. Based upon the results of this study, any problems Vietnam combat veterans might have with violence seem unrelated to their pre-military experiences. Also, their experiences in Vietnam may or may not be related to later violent behavior.2. Previous combat may lower the threshold in perceiving violence.3. Levels of combat appear to be unrelated to later violent attitudes.4. Neither heavy nor light combat Vietnam veterans appear to engage in violent behavior more than their peers.Recommendations1. Future studies should continue to utilize Figley's Combat Experience Scale and Straus' Conflict Tactics Scales (adapted) as standard tools in Vietnam veteran research.2. Future research should include a check of pre-military predisposition.3. It is recommended that future research utilize a larger Vietnam veteran sample to see: (1) if heavy combat veterans will then score significantly higher on a behavioral violence measure; and (2) if Vietnam era veterans will outscore light combat vets, and, if so, why?
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Rice, Michael John. "The social psychodynamics of conjugal conflict: A mathematical correlational investigation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184521.
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This investigation addressed the question "What are the characteristics of the relationship between power, interference, frustration and aggression within the context of a conjugal conflict?" This investigation used a mathematical correlational descriptive design with magnitude estimation measures to evaluate the relationships between power, interference, frustration and aggression. The measures were administered to 39 women drawn from state funded social service agencies. Thirty-three (n = 13) percent of the total sample were retested to determine the stability of the measures. The reliability of the magnitude estimation measures ranged from.90 to.98 for test retest stability and.83 to.92 for the internal consistency or theta coefficients. Regression analysis of the data indicated that power had the strongest relationship to aggression (R² =.89). Neither interference nor frustration had any relationship to the concept of aggression. Empirical modeling revealed that parental aggression, through power, increased the strength of the relationship between power and aggression (R² =.96). The model also revealed that interference had the sole relationship with the concept of frustration (R² =.83).
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Walker, K. "Desistance from intimate partner violence." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/477fe020-13ab-4984-a62c-9f8d91afbbcf/1.
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Limited research has examined desistance from intimate partner violence (IPV). In this thesis the aims are to explore the role that individual, social/environmental factors and subjective change (personal agency) play in the process of desistance from male perpetrated IPV, and to develop and examine a multifactorial theory of desistance from male perpetrated IPV. As research about desistance has tended to more prominent in the criminological literature and in relation to general offending and delinquency, the aim of the first part of this thesis was to undertake two critical reviews on desistance from violence and desistance from IPV. It was found that research in these areas has been neglected. It was concluded that a psychological approach to desistance is required whereby the findings are integrated into the models developed in the criminological literature, in order to develop a multifactorial theory of desistance. Specifically, it was found that pertinent to IPV, severity and frequency of violence was related to desistance and typology research indicated that personality characteristics might distinguish desisters from persisters. The nature of the dyad within which the IPV takes place was also found to be relevant specifically to the study of desistance from IPV and therefore, in need of further examination. In the empirical study, group comparisons on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III subscales were conducted between a purposive sample of 37 desisters, 50 persisters and 49 controls. It was found that Cluster A and Cluster B disorders and disorders at a diagnostic level were more often reported in the groups that had used violence against an intimate compared to the control group. The rates and percentages of clinically meaningful traits and disorders were lower for the desisters than the persisters. Overall the desisters were more like the controls than the persisters across the personality traits and clinical syndromes measured. In the qualitative study, thematic analysis was conducted on data derived from interviews with 13 desisters, nine persisters, nine treatment facilitators and seven survivors. A conceptual model of desistance was developed that demonstrated desistance from IPV is a dynamic process that gradually unfolds over time. The model comprised three global themes: (i) The cycle of lifestyle behaviours (violent): ‘Old way of being’ (the experiences, behaviours and thinking of the men when they used violence); (ii) Catalysts for change (the triggers and transitions experienced that initiated change); and (iii) The cycle of lifestyle behaviours (non-violent); ‘New way of being’ (the experiences, behaviours and thinking of the men when they stopped using violence). The integrated findings illustrate that the path from persistence to desistance is neither linear, nor shared by all IPV offenders. A complex interaction between structure and agency characterised the process. Future research needs to adopt a longitudinal design to gain a clearer understanding of the temporal sequencing of events leading to desistance, and also to determine whether the characteristics that differentiated the groups studied change over time. In addition, it is proposed that individual assessment is required for each offender of IPV. Treatment could then be developed to meet individual needs, which may increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation for IPV perpetrators.
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Mashabela, Raisibe Promise. "Newspaper representations of the psychological profile of domestic violence : an archival study." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1605.
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Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The aim of the study was to explore the psychological profiles of perpetrators of domestic violence as represented in newspaper articles. An archival research approach was chosen as the appropriate design for the present study. The researcher accessed and studied all newspaper articles from two daily newspapers reporting on domestic violence over a two-year period (that is, from January 2011 up to December 2012). A total of 98 newspaper articles (sixty from the Sowetan newspaper, and 38 thirty eight from the Daily Sun newspaper) covering the period under review were retrieved. The data was captured on a self-developed data record sheet. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results were analysed and presented using frequency tables, descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the victims of domestic violence were women with little education and skills. Assault, attempted murder and murder were found to be the forms of violence perpetrated against the victims. The majority of the perpetrators (70.4%) were males, with higher education and skills. Some of the perpetrators were represented in the newspaper articles as being emotionally troubled (69.4%), passively aggressive (11.2%), mentally disturbed (5.1%) and socially deviant (3.1%). The majority of the mental health problems that were associated with the perpetrators of domestic violence included depression, borderline personality and acute psychosis. A number of triggers were found to lead to domestic violence. These included family arguments, jealousy, substance abuse, and criminal behaviour. Based on the above results, the study is concluded by recommending anger and stress management as some of the programmes that the government could introduce to minimise domestic violence.
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Stevens, Nicole Marie. "Witnessing violence: The link to reactive aggression." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2758.
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This study uses a multiple regression correlational (MRC) analytic approach to examine the association between witnessing violence and reactive aggression, post-traumatic stress, and insecure attachment. One hundred adult male California State University students were surveyed using the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scale, the Child Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms scale, the Conduct Disorder scale, and the Modified Impact of Events scale.
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Blumstein-Bond, Sharon. "Predicting the emotional variables in a clinical population of discordant couples with a history of conjugal violence." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84479.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among several demographic and emotional/relational variables, and physical abuse victimization in conjugal relations. Participants were eighty-two individuals, involving 41 heterosexual couples in permanent relationships, who were being seen in marital therapy for discordant relationships. This was a cross-sectional sample, with participants selected from four community-based couple and family therapy treatment facilities. Couple participants completed a questionnaire package which measured their standing on a number of socio-demographic (age, income, duration of marriage, employment, education), emotional/relationship (attachment, differentiation, self esteem, marital satisfaction, global distress, problem solving communication), and violence (aggression, physical and non-physical abuse) variables. The emotional variables selected for this study drew on principles from both attachment and Bowen family systems theory. The design of this study differentiated victims of physical violence from non-victims of violence and included multiple measures of abuse.The findings revealed significant gender correlations in terms of level of aggression in relationships. For females, level of global distress and problem solving communication were positively associated with higher levels of marital aggression. An association between poor differentiation and marital aggression was identified for females, while self esteem only approached significance. For males, a significant correlation was identified between level of aggression and the dismissing attachment style. For males the anxious attachment style was negatively correlated with being a victim of physical violence, with self-differentiation and with having a dismissive attachment style.
The central findings were identified through the use of logistic regression analysis. Attachment style was found to be the more powerful predictor for both females and males in predicting victimization of physical violence. Separate gender analysis revealed evidence that women's anxious attachment style is a significant predictor of physical violence victimization. For males, the dismissing style was less powerful a predictor of male victimization, however the combined female-anxious, male-dismissing attachment combination was found to be highly predictive of relationship violence. Logistic regression has provided evidence for the combination of female-anxious and male-dismissing attachment pattern with poor problem solving and communication skill, within the context of a longer relationship, as significant predictors of relationship violence for the whole sample. These three variables, anxious-dismissing attachment style, poor problem solving communication and longer duration of marriage taken together have provided a predictor model or couple profile for conjugal violence in a sample of discordant couples.
Results of the final couple analysis have contributed to an emerging hypothesis, with the identification of a particular "toxic" gender defined couple attachment pattern, that can predispose a couple for relationship violence. Results have identified that anxious females coupled with dismissing males significantly increased the odds of relationship violence. Research findings were discussed in terms of clinical applications and implications for theory and future research.
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Monk, Michelle Colleen. "The Effects of Sexually-Explicit and/or Violent Stimuli on the Use of Physical or Sexual Coercion Within Dating Relationships." Diss., University of Iowa, 1994. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5365.
Full textBooks on the topic "Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects"
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The psychology of genocide and violent oppression: A study of mass cruelty from Nazi Germany to Rwanda. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2010.
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Sebunuma, Déogratias. Communautarisme et autochtonie: Du cas du Rwanda à l'universel. Paris: Umusozo, 2013.
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Baechler, Günther. Violence through environmental discrimination: Causes, Rwanda arena, and conflict model. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
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The faces of violence. 2nd ed. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 2004.
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Braeckman, Colette. Terreur africaine: Burundi, Rwanda, Zaïre, les racines de la violence. [Paris]: Fayard, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects"
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Strentz, Thomas. "Indicators of Subject Violence." In Psychological Aspects of Crisis Negotiation, 233–48. Third Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018. | Revised edition of the author’s Psychological aspects of crisis negotiation, c2012.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315150581-24.
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Barea Muñoz, Manuel. "Psychological Aspects of Interpreting Violence: A Narrative from the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict." In Interpreting Conflict, 195–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66909-6_10.
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Ruback, R. Barry, and Purnima Singh. "Group and Individual Level Determinants of Collective Violence: Socio-psychological Aspects of Hindu-Muslim Riots." In Perspectives on Violence and Othering in India, 131–46. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2613-0_7.
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Brüne, Martin. "Forensic aspects of psychiatric disorders." In Textbook of Evolutionary Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, 309–26. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198717942.003.0021.
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Forensic psychiatry involves the role of the psychiatrist as expert witness, or court-mandated evaluations of patients’ mental states or witnesses’ credibility. Forensic psychiatry also deals with questions of responsibility, treatment of psychiatrically ill offenders, and prediction of dangerousness of delinquents. Aggressive delinquency of patients with psychosis is about five times higher compared to the general population. Conversely, the risk for individuals with schizophrenia to become a victim of violence is several times higher than that of committing a violent crime. While aggression is part of human nature, mediated, in part, by the interaction of genes and childhood experiences, there is no reason for exculpation of delinquency based on the fact that criminal behaviour has also a biological dimension. Criminal offences often concern decisions based on one’s life-history strategy or evolved psychological mechanisms gone awry, including partner violence (homicide, sexual assault, stalking), paraphilic disorders, and infanticide.
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Sikulibo, Jean de Dieu. "International Criminal Justice and the New Promise of Therapeutic Jurisprudence." In Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Overcoming Violence Against Women, 214–47. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2472-4.ch014.
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For centuries, rape and other forms of sexual violence have always been an integral aspect of warfare. Even so, it is rather recently that these practices have been recognized as crimes and prosecutions undertaken by international criminal tribunals. Whilst the ad hoc international tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda did not take an integrative approach to victims in the criminal justice process, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) took a victim-centred approach by setting out some provisions allowing victims to actively participate in proceedings beyond their traditional role of witnesses. This chapter sets out to critically examine the effectiveness of the ICC victims' rights framework in achieving this objective in sexual violence cases. Drawing on the complex nature of experiences of victims of such crimes, this chapter engages with the various aspects of the relatively recent approach of victims' participation in international criminal justice process to highlight prospects and challenges in facilitating the healing process of victims of such crimes.
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Fisher, Lisa. "Why Psychology and Criminal Justice Can Only Take Us So Far." In Handbook of Research on School Violence in American K-12 Education, 121–38. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6246-7.ch005.
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Concerns about continued increases in violent behavior in American schools and schools' ability to mitigate and reduce risks abound. Psychology and criminal justice have contributed much to what we know and understand about violence in schools; however, the author argues that these dominant disciplinary perspectives also obscure some important aspects of these phenomena, namely focus on underlying cultural logics that may be impacting violence in schools. In this chapter, the author sets out to achieve two objectives. First, she provides an overview of areas of focus in current literature in psychology and criminal justice that represent the dominant framework within which school violence in the U.S. is viewed. Additionally, she examines those disciplinary perspectives in terms of specific strengths and limitations. Second, she presents and describes a series of social psychological theories and pulls those theories into a coherent framework to demonstrate the value of the social psychological lens in studies of school violence and stimulate further discussion and research on this important topic.
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Fisher, Lisa. "Why Psychology and Criminal Justice Can Only Take Us So Far." In Research Anthology on Rehabilitation Practices and Therapy, 1840–57. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3432-8.ch093.
Full textAbstract:
Concerns about continued increases in violent behavior in American schools and schools' ability to mitigate and reduce risks abound. Psychology and criminal justice have contributed much to what we know and understand about violence in schools; however, the author argues that these dominant disciplinary perspectives also obscure some important aspects of these phenomena, namely focus on underlying cultural logics that may be impacting violence in schools. In this chapter, the author sets out to achieve two objectives. First, she provides an overview of areas of focus in current literature in psychology and criminal justice that represent the dominant framework within which school violence in the U.S. is viewed. Additionally, she examines those disciplinary perspectives in terms of specific strengths and limitations. Second, she presents and describes a series of social psychological theories and pulls those theories into a coherent framework to demonstrate the value of the social psychological lens in studies of school violence and stimulate further discussion and research on this important topic.
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Gopalan, Rejani Thudalikunnil, and Prathibha Augustus Kurishinkal. "Sexuality, Sexual Abuse, Marriage, Partner Violence, and Parenting Skills Among Persons With Intellectual Disability." In Developmental Challenges and Societal Issues for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, 305–27. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1223-4.ch015.
Full textAbstract:
Sexuality begins from the moment of birth and has an active role in the development, evolution, emotional balance, and affective stability of the individual. It has a significant role in interpersonal and couple's relationships. The sexuality of people with intellectual disability is important from the view of medical, pedagogical, psychological, and ethical aspects. As intellectually disabled person approach puberty their control of behavior and expression of sexuality may manifest in unacceptable ways. They are also at increased risk for physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The chapter focused on the sexuality, the risk of sexual abuse, marriage, partner violence among people with intellectual disability. The requirement of sex education and components of sex education for various age ranges were also explained and effectiveness of such programs were also discussed. The chapter also discussed the parenting and challenges involved in parenting among intellectually disabled individuals.
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Gopalan, Rejani Thudalikunnil, and Prathibha Augustus Kurishinkal. "Sexuality, Sexual Abuse, Marriage, Partner Violence, and Parenting Skills Among Persons With Intellectual Disability." In Research Anthology on Physical and Intellectual Disabilities in an Inclusive Society, 1568–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3542-7.ch082.
Full textAbstract:
Sexuality begins from the moment of birth and has an active role in the development, evolution, emotional balance, and affective stability of the individual. It has a significant role in interpersonal and couple's relationships. The sexuality of people with intellectual disability is important from the view of medical, pedagogical, psychological, and ethical aspects. As intellectually disabled person approach puberty their control of behavior and expression of sexuality may manifest in unacceptable ways. They are also at increased risk for physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The chapter focused on the sexuality, the risk of sexual abuse, marriage, partner violence among people with intellectual disability. The requirement of sex education and components of sex education for various age ranges were also explained and effectiveness of such programs were also discussed. The chapter also discussed the parenting and challenges involved in parenting among intellectually disabled individuals.
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Deane-Drummond, Celia E. "Anger and Injustice." In Shadow Sophia, 110–33. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843467.003.0006.
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Individual acts of violence are always situated in the context of a community of relationships with others. Anger, as a passion, can be used for good or ill and this chapter will explore ways in which anger can be expressed. This chapter will address two broad questions on biosocial capacities for anger and two theological questions. In what sense is the human capacity for anger shaped through biological or cultural influences? What specific contexts reduce the likelihood of anger and what are the evolutionary advantages? In what sense might anger become sinful in theological terms? How might God’s anger be perceived in Augustine and contemporary theology? This chapter will begin by exploring evolutionary aspects of aggression and how these are related to social psychological categories. In philosophical terms, Aristotle’s definition of anger and the specific criteria for its presence are important, but so is the difference between anger and hatred. Thomas Aquinas defines anger as one of the moral passions and works out in what circumstances it become sinful. Thomistic discussion is still relevant to contemporary analysis even though Aquinas did not have access to the evolutionary and psychological data that are available in a contemporary context.
Conference papers on the topic "Violence – Rwanda – Psychological aspects"
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HETTIARACHCHI, A. A. "UNDERLYING REASONS BEHIND THE SUSTENANCE OF RAGGING IN SRI LANKAN UNIVERSITIES: Findings from a state university in Colombo, Sri Lanka." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.18.
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Ragging is a deep-seated long-lasting social practice found in the state university system of Sri Lanka. Considering the negative, damaging impacts on physical, psychological, social, cognitive and behavioural aspects of undergraduates, it has been identified as a punishable offence under the Prohibition of Ragging and other forms of violence in educational institutions Act, No. 20 of 1998. Despite the array of harmful effects, ragging has evolved during the past five decades and sustained thus far amidst severe punishments imposed. The objective of the current study was to identify the underlying deep-rooted reasons behind sustenance of ragging in state universities with reference to a selected university (UOX) in Colombo, Sri Lanka. In-depth interviews were conducted with a heterogeneous sample (n=20) of volunteers. The study exposed an interconnected feeding system comprised of a minority of significant personnel among freshers, seniors, student unions, staff, administration, industry and political parties who play a decisive role in justifying the need and thereby support the sustenance of ragging. These findings may enable university authorities to find creative and innovative solutions to combat this menace to create a conducive academic environment for the future student community of State Universities in Sri Lanka.