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1
Edward, Katherine E. "Sexual violence : dynamics, aftermath and intervention." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15413.
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This thesis examines the nature of sexual violence, the trauma experienced by survivors, how report rate for this type of crime can be increased, and how secondary victimisation of survivors can be prevented. Laboratory examination of the attributions made about survivors of sexual violence found that they not only differ from those made about survivors of non-sexual crimes, but also that negative attitudes are strongly related to the gender-role attitudes of the attributor. Empirical research also suggested that providing written information may not be sufficient to alter negative attitudes. Results of a general public crime survey (N=266) suggest that the trauma experienced by survivors of sexual violence is higher than that of survivors of other crime types. Specific examination of the experiences and recovery of survivors of sexual violence (N=42) found that severe assaults, recent victimisation, and assault by a known offender, are related to high levels of symptomatology. Negative self-attributions and perceptions were also found to be related to high levels of symptomatology, and these cognitions were found to be the strongest predictors of recovery. Unlike previous findings with other subject groups, self-blame was not found to be related to increased control. Examination of post-assault factors suggests that the low report rate for sexual crimes may be due to lack of faith in the police and fear of Criminal Justice interactions. In addition, it was found that dissatisfaction with report decision was highly related to levels of symptomatology. A model of how assault factors, survivor cognitions and post-assault interactions may relate to each other and symptomatology is presented. The findings of the survey and laboratory research are discussed in terms of their implications for successful support of survivors, increasing report rate for sexual crimes, the prevention of secondary victimisation, and future psychological research.
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Klopper, Ilana. "The relationship between exposure to violence and moral development of adolescents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1526.
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South Africa currently has one of the highest levels of crime in the world. The high prevalence of violence in South African culture has led to the increased exposure to violence of individuals of all ages. The South African Police Service annual report for 2008/2009 reported 48 732 crimes ranging from murder, attempted murder to sexual offences and common assault against children under the age of 18 years. In addition, young people between the ages from 12 to 22 are generally victimized at twice the adult rate and even higher for violent crimes. It is the belief of various theorists that exposure to violence can alter one’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes- the three core components that are essential to moral development. The role that exposure to violence has on the development of aggressive behavior has been thoroughly researched; however the implications that this exposure has on the moral development of adolescents remains vague. This study explored and described the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development amongst adolescent learners. A quantitative exploratory descriptive research design was employed and the participants were selected by means of non-probability, convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 53 participants at a coeducational high school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The demographic data of the participants was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. The participants’ exposure to violence was explored by using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire- South African Adaptation (HTQ-SAA), while their moral development was assessed by means of the Moral Judgment Test (MJT). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and both the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi square test was computed to draw inferences regarding the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development. The results of the study revealed that all of the participants were exposed to violence directly or indirectly on one or more occasion; however the frequency with which the participants were exposed to violence was lower than expected. The results of the MJT further indicated very low to low moral judgement competence scores for the majority of the sample. No significant correlation or association was found between the two constructs.
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Quest, Kathryn. "The Relationship of Receiving Violence and Perceptions of Self and Partner." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935603/.
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The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there are any differences between college students 1) who have received violence 2) who have received threats of physical violence, and 3) who have not received threats or physical violence from their partners. The study examined ways in which these three groups describe their own and their partners' self-esteem and personality. Significant findings indicate that perceptions of one's self esteem and partner's self esteem are affected by the level of violence received. Surprisingly, those who received threats of violence, for both perceptions of self and partners, had the lowest self esteem. No significant relationship was found between vilence and perceptions of personality. Additional findings suggest that those in violent relationships have lower relationship satisfaction that those who receive threats or no violence at all.
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Calvert, William Emory. "Vietnam veteran levels of combat : perceived and actual violence." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/472674.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate if a relationship exists between levels of combat experienced by Vietnam veterans and later perceptions of violence, violent attitudes, and violent participants: heavy combat Vietnam veterans; light combat Vietnam veterans; Vietnam era veterans; and non-veteran (civilian) friends of Vietnam veterans.Calvert's Brief Demographic Questionnaire (BDQ), Part 2, checked pre-military predisposition toward having later problems; Figley's Combat Experience Questionnaire (CEO) divided Vietnam combat veterans into heavy and light categories; Wilson's Vietnam Veteran Scenario and Questionnaire examined perceptions of violence by Vietnam veterans; Bardis' A Violence Scale investigated violent attitudes; and Straus' Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales (adapted) measured behavioral violence. The .05 level of statistical significance was used.Findings1. None of the four groups were predisposed to having later problems as measured by Calvert's BDO, Part 2.2. There were no significant differences among groups in perceiving the Vietnam veteran in Wilson's Scenario as being violent.3. Bardis' scale indicated no group differences in terms of having violent attitudes.4. Vietnam combat veterans did not score significantly higher on a majority <6 of 10) of CT Scale items measuring violent behavior.Conclusions1. Based upon the results of this study, any problems Vietnam combat veterans might have with violence seem unrelated to their pre-military experiences. Also, their experiences in Vietnam may or may not be related to later violent behavior.2. Previous combat may lower the threshold in perceiving violence.3. Levels of combat appear to be unrelated to later violent attitudes.4. Neither heavy nor light combat Vietnam veterans appear to engage in violent behavior more than their peers.Recommendations1. Future studies should continue to utilize Figley's Combat Experience Scale and Straus' Conflict Tactics Scales (adapted) as standard tools in Vietnam veteran research.2. Future research should include a check of pre-military predisposition.3. It is recommended that future research utilize a larger Vietnam veteran sample to see: (1) if heavy combat veterans will then score significantly higher on a behavioral violence measure; and (2) if Vietnam era veterans will outscore light combat vets, and, if so, why?
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Rice, Michael John. "The social psychodynamics of conjugal conflict: A mathematical correlational investigation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184521.
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This investigation addressed the question "What are the characteristics of the relationship between power, interference, frustration and aggression within the context of a conjugal conflict?" This investigation used a mathematical correlational descriptive design with magnitude estimation measures to evaluate the relationships between power, interference, frustration and aggression. The measures were administered to 39 women drawn from state funded social service agencies. Thirty-three (n = 13) percent of the total sample were retested to determine the stability of the measures. The reliability of the magnitude estimation measures ranged from.90 to.98 for test retest stability and.83 to.92 for the internal consistency or theta coefficients. Regression analysis of the data indicated that power had the strongest relationship to aggression (R² =.89). Neither interference nor frustration had any relationship to the concept of aggression. Empirical modeling revealed that parental aggression, through power, increased the strength of the relationship between power and aggression (R² =.96). The model also revealed that interference had the sole relationship with the concept of frustration (R² =.83).
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Walker, K. "Desistance from intimate partner violence." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/477fe020-13ab-4984-a62c-9f8d91afbbcf/1.
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Limited research has examined desistance from intimate partner violence (IPV). In this thesis the aims are to explore the role that individual, social/environmental factors and subjective change (personal agency) play in the process of desistance from male perpetrated IPV, and to develop and examine a multifactorial theory of desistance from male perpetrated IPV. As research about desistance has tended to more prominent in the criminological literature and in relation to general offending and delinquency, the aim of the first part of this thesis was to undertake two critical reviews on desistance from violence and desistance from IPV. It was found that research in these areas has been neglected. It was concluded that a psychological approach to desistance is required whereby the findings are integrated into the models developed in the criminological literature, in order to develop a multifactorial theory of desistance. Specifically, it was found that pertinent to IPV, severity and frequency of violence was related to desistance and typology research indicated that personality characteristics might distinguish desisters from persisters. The nature of the dyad within which the IPV takes place was also found to be relevant specifically to the study of desistance from IPV and therefore, in need of further examination. In the empirical study, group comparisons on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III subscales were conducted between a purposive sample of 37 desisters, 50 persisters and 49 controls. It was found that Cluster A and Cluster B disorders and disorders at a diagnostic level were more often reported in the groups that had used violence against an intimate compared to the control group. The rates and percentages of clinically meaningful traits and disorders were lower for the desisters than the persisters. Overall the desisters were more like the controls than the persisters across the personality traits and clinical syndromes measured. In the qualitative study, thematic analysis was conducted on data derived from interviews with 13 desisters, nine persisters, nine treatment facilitators and seven survivors. A conceptual model of desistance was developed that demonstrated desistance from IPV is a dynamic process that gradually unfolds over time. The model comprised three global themes: (i) The cycle of lifestyle behaviours (violent): ‘Old way of being’ (the experiences, behaviours and thinking of the men when they used violence); (ii) Catalysts for change (the triggers and transitions experienced that initiated change); and (iii) The cycle of lifestyle behaviours (non-violent); ‘New way of being’ (the experiences, behaviours and thinking of the men when they stopped using violence). The integrated findings illustrate that the path from persistence to desistance is neither linear, nor shared by all IPV offenders. A complex interaction between structure and agency characterised the process. Future research needs to adopt a longitudinal design to gain a clearer understanding of the temporal sequencing of events leading to desistance, and also to determine whether the characteristics that differentiated the groups studied change over time. In addition, it is proposed that individual assessment is required for each offender of IPV. Treatment could then be developed to meet individual needs, which may increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation for IPV perpetrators.
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Mashabela, Raisibe Promise. "Newspaper representations of the psychological profile of domestic violence : an archival study." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1605.
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Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015The aim of the study was to explore the psychological profiles of perpetrators of domestic violence as represented in newspaper articles. An archival research approach was chosen as the appropriate design for the present study. The researcher accessed and studied all newspaper articles from two daily newspapers reporting on domestic violence over a two-year period (that is, from January 2011 up to December 2012). A total of 98 newspaper articles (sixty from the Sowetan newspaper, and 38 thirty eight from the Daily Sun newspaper) covering the period under review were retrieved. The data was captured on a self-developed data record sheet. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results were analysed and presented using frequency tables, descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the victims of domestic violence were women with little education and skills. Assault, attempted murder and murder were found to be the forms of violence perpetrated against the victims. The majority of the perpetrators (70.4%) were males, with higher education and skills. Some of the perpetrators were represented in the newspaper articles as being emotionally troubled (69.4%), passively aggressive (11.2%), mentally disturbed (5.1%) and socially deviant (3.1%). The majority of the mental health problems that were associated with the perpetrators of domestic violence included depression, borderline personality and acute psychosis. A number of triggers were found to lead to domestic violence. These included family arguments, jealousy, substance abuse, and criminal behaviour. Based on the above results, the study is concluded by recommending anger and stress management as some of the programmes that the government could introduce to minimise domestic violence.
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Stevens, Nicole Marie. "Witnessing violence: The link to reactive aggression." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2758.
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This study uses a multiple regression correlational (MRC) analytic approach to examine the association between witnessing violence and reactive aggression, post-traumatic stress, and insecure attachment. One hundred adult male California State University students were surveyed using the Conflict Tactics Scale, the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scale, the Child Report of Post Traumatic Symptoms scale, the Conduct Disorder scale, and the Modified Impact of Events scale.
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Blumstein-Bond, Sharon. "Predicting the emotional variables in a clinical population of discordant couples with a history of conjugal violence." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84479.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among several demographic and emotional/relational variables, and physical abuse victimization in conjugal relations. Participants were eighty-two individuals, involving 41 heterosexual couples in permanent relationships, who were being seen in marital therapy for discordant relationships. This was a cross-sectional sample, with participants selected from four community-based couple and family therapy treatment facilities. Couple participants completed a questionnaire package which measured their standing on a number of socio-demographic (age, income, duration of marriage, employment, education), emotional/relationship (attachment, differentiation, self esteem, marital satisfaction, global distress, problem solving communication), and violence (aggression, physical and non-physical abuse) variables. The emotional variables selected for this study drew on principles from both attachment and Bowen family systems theory. The design of this study differentiated victims of physical violence from non-victims of violence and included multiple measures of abuse.The findings revealed significant gender correlations in terms of level of aggression in relationships. For females, level of global distress and problem solving communication were positively associated with higher levels of marital aggression. An association between poor differentiation and marital aggression was identified for females, while self esteem only approached significance. For males, a significant correlation was identified between level of aggression and the dismissing attachment style. For males the anxious attachment style was negatively correlated with being a victim of physical violence, with self-differentiation and with having a dismissive attachment style.
The central findings were identified through the use of logistic regression analysis. Attachment style was found to be the more powerful predictor for both females and males in predicting victimization of physical violence. Separate gender analysis revealed evidence that women's anxious attachment style is a significant predictor of physical violence victimization. For males, the dismissing style was less powerful a predictor of male victimization, however the combined female-anxious, male-dismissing attachment combination was found to be highly predictive of relationship violence. Logistic regression has provided evidence for the combination of female-anxious and male-dismissing attachment pattern with poor problem solving and communication skill, within the context of a longer relationship, as significant predictors of relationship violence for the whole sample. These three variables, anxious-dismissing attachment style, poor problem solving communication and longer duration of marriage taken together have provided a predictor model or couple profile for conjugal violence in a sample of discordant couples.
Results of the final couple analysis have contributed to an emerging hypothesis, with the identification of a particular "toxic" gender defined couple attachment pattern, that can predispose a couple for relationship violence. Results have identified that anxious females coupled with dismissing males significantly increased the odds of relationship violence. Research findings were discussed in terms of clinical applications and implications for theory and future research.
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Monk, Michelle Colleen. "The Effects of Sexually-Explicit and/or Violent Stimuli on the Use of Physical or Sexual Coercion Within Dating Relationships." Diss., University of Iowa, 1994. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5365.
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Temple, Jeff R. "Effects of Partner Violence and Psychological Abuse on Women's Mental Health Over Time." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5340/.
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This study examined the distinct effects of partner violence and psychological abuse on women's mental health over time. Latent growth modeling was used to examine stability and change over time, evaluating the course and consequences of each form of abuse. The size of women's social support network was examined as a mediator. The sample consisted of 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women. Participants who completed Waves 1, 2, 3, and 5 were included in the study (n = 585). In general, partner violence decreased over time for all groups, while psychological abuse decreased over time for only Euro-American women. Whereas initial and prolonged exposure to psychological abuse was related to and directly impacted women's mental health, partner violence was only related to initial levels of mental health. Surprisingly, social support was only related to initial violence and distress and had no impact on the rate of change over time. These results have important implications for researchers and health care professionals. First, differences in the pattern of results were found for each ethnic group, reaffirming the notion that counselors and researchers must be sensitive to multicultural concerns in both assessment and intervention. For example, psychological abuse had a greater impact on the mental health of African American and Mexican American women than it did for Euro-American women, suggesting a shift in focus depending on the ethnicity of the client may be warranted. Second, this longitudinal study highlights the importance of future research to considerer individual differences in treating and studying victimized women. Understanding factors that contribute to individual trajectories will help counselors gain insight into the problem and in devising plans to prevent or reduce the occurrence and negative health impact of partner abuse.
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Carter, Megan N. "Adult and Juvenile Sexual Offenders: The Use of Violence and Fantasies." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1719.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a widespread and devastating problem in our society. Definitional challenges result in a broad range of prevalence rates for CSA varying from 60/0 to 62% for females and 30/0 to 31 % for males (Finkelhor, Araji, Baron, Browne, Peters, & Wyatt, 1986). Although CSA affects our nation's children in epidemic proportions, researchers have found little conclusive evidence regarding CSA precursors.
One promising area for exploring the etiology of CSA may be the differential patterns of sexual fantasies in juvenile and adult sex offenders. Abel, Becker, Mittleman, Cunningham-Rathner, Rouleau and Murphy (1987) found that more than 40% of non-familial child molesters reported the development of deviant sexual fantasies prior to sexually offending. Despite variations in offender subgroups, Marshall, Barbaree and Eccles (1991) found that 22% of the offenders experienced deviant fantasies prior to their first sexual offense. Unfortunately, the literature in this area has been quite limited despite its potential.
Understanding offender similarities and differences in adult and juvenile populations may be important due to the large proportion of the offender population who begin sexually offending as juveniles and due to the treatment modalities that may be implemented for developmentally different offenders. As many as 500/0 of adult sex offenders have reported sexually deviant behavior beginning in adolescence (Becker, 1988; Ferhenbach, Smith, Monastersky & Deisher, 1986; Marshall, Barbaree, & Eccles, 1991). Juveniles have also been identified as perpetrators in more than half of all cases (Fehrenbach, Smith, Monastersky, & Deisher, 1986).
This study investigates the relationship between offenders' sexual fantasies and their use of physical force to sexually offend. This investigation was also designed to examine the similarities and differences between adult and adolescent sexual offenders on these dimensions. Findings reveal an empirical relationship between offenders' fantasies and behaviors in sexual offending. It is anticipated that additional knowledge regarding potential relationships between fantasies and behaviors will assist in assessing and intervening with accused and convicted sexual offenders. Potential implications for clinical assessment and intervention into sexual abuse are discussed as well as the potential for understanding maintenance factors in the continuation of sexual abuse.
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Haq, Amrat. "News violence and desensitization of news viewers in Pakistan." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/397.
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Television has become the primary 'story teller' in our society today (Gerbner, et.al., 1986, 1994). It is an all pervasive technology that most of us aren't even aware of in our surroundings. From airports, bus terminals, restaurants, bars to our own lounges, television is constantly passing on its message to its audience. Its role might vary from just a background noise to active information source, its presence remains constant. However television itself is not static, it is a dynamic medium with a constantly growing presence in our lives. Therefore, there remains a constant need to understand the role television plays in shaping our 'stories' and the current study is a short step towards understanding the role and impact of news media on the emotional responses of news viewers in Pakistan. During the last decade there has been an exponential growth in Pakistan's private media industry. Over 80 channels have already started with a number in the pipeline. Of these channels the most prominent are the 16 24-hour news channels which, for the first time, provided the Pakistani public multiple options for seeking news and information (previously only Pakistan Television, a state owned channel was available) - the Pakistani public is now spoiled for choice. However this growth in the media industry also resulted in the over-exposure of issues as the channels vied for viewers. Consequently the audience is regularly exposed to sensational news and content - with coverage ranging from the graphic to the mundane - as networks compete for ratings. Observing the media's behavior and keeping media effects research on exposure to violence in mind, the researcher was interested in seeing whether regular exposure to violence news and violent acts leads to desensitization of the audience. The relationship between news and sensationalism is an old one, starting from the early tabloids in the early 1900s which focused on crime/violence to attract readers. The same trend can be seen in news channels in Pakistan and abroad. One main reason can be the low cost of covering and reporting a crime or act of violence. The event itself provides the reporter with images and information (no digging required!), the drama of the crisis, its aftermath and consequences provide news channels easy fodder for their news mill which needs to run 24-hours, 365 days of the year. Therefore the aim of the present research was twofold: one, to evaluate the amount of violence/violent content that is being shown on Pakistani news channels; and two, to try and assess the impact of this content on the emotional responses of news viewers. The study also aimed to extend the desensitization hypothesis by arguing that the continued presence of the stimulus responsible for desensitization will result in audiences' crossing the attention threshold; i.e. viewers will ignore the central issues on the media agenda and remove it from their socio-political discussions. The model further suggested that viewers will focus more on the peripheral issues rather than the primary issues in the media agenda. The results of the content analysis clearly show that in both public and private television news violent content is the 2nd highest type of news being reported (with domestic politics being the highest type of news content across both channels). Two types of news on violence were studied: violence resulting in fatalities and violence without fatalities; with the first one have almost twice the volume of the latter type of news content. The content analysis and the first part of the survey analysis provide the pre-requisite information for the attention threshold assumption. One, they confirm the continuous presence of a particular issue in news in large volume; and secondly, the survey analysis provides support for the presence of desensitization amongst the respondents. The tests run for the attention threshold assumption indicated that despite the presence of the issue of violence on the media agenda, it is no longer on the public agenda, and is not a part of the social discourse of the respondents with either their family or their friends. The current research shows that heavy consumers of violent news content tend to significantly have pro-violence attitudes. They also tend to have lower levels of emotional empathy for victims of violence and higher levels of compassion fatigue. While these results were not statistically significant for the sample tested, the results show a consistently low mean, indicating negative trend for both the variables. The respondents were generally in favor of harsher punishments and greater state/military control of the country. Results of the current study indicate that heavy viewers of news media tend to be more desensitized to the violence in society. Their emotional responses are numbed down. For a country like Pakistan, with a history of military intervention in domestic politics and governance, this is a matter of grave concern. Strong feelings of insecurity and mean world syndrome, fed on a steady diet of violent news programing, can further undermine faith in the political system - leading to greater acceptance (and at times active desire) of military sponsored or led control - a situation that is very troubling for Pakistan. While the current analysis is a starting place, news content in Pakistan needs to be studied in greater depth. Future research needs to also focus on the wider range of news channels in Pakistan. This would help identify the effects of different variables like ownership, political affiliations, language and location on the content of news channels. In terms of the survey itself, a broader, more inclusive research in the rural and semi-urban areas of the country would provide better evidence of the effects of news violence on Pakistanis. And finally, a lot more in-depth and extensive research is needed before on the "attention threshold" model for it to be verified and its results generalized. If verified, the model will help future researchers identify why issues of audience concern are no longer getting the requisite attention from viewers, despite having strong media presence.
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Weaver, Terri Lynn. "Early family environments and vulnerability factors associated with borderline personality disorder." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41519.
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Childhood trauma experiences (sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessed violence, and early separation experiences) and family environment characteristics were assessed via questionnaire from a sample of depressed borderline (N=17) and depressed nonborderline (N=19) female inpatients. Significantly more borderline individuals than nonborderlines gave histories of sexual abuse (76%) and physical abuse (93%) and these traumatic experiences were more severe in nature as demonstrated by significantly greater composite scores. While the presence of witnessed violence did not differentiate the two groups, borderline individuals witnessed violence more frequently than nonborderline individuals if there was violence in the home. Early separation experiences were relatively common in both groups suggesting that these experiences may be associated with both BPD and depression. The BPD group was also distinctive on family environment measures, evidencing significantly less family cohesiveness and expressiveness and significantly more conflict and control.
The two groups were similar on indices of current stressors, typically associated with onset of depression, providing more support for the role of childhood trauma in the etiology of BPD.Master of Science
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Cheung, Shuk-ting, and 張淑婷. "Validation of the psychological maltreatment of women inventory for Chinese women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196490.
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In view of the lack of a culture-specific tool to measure psychological maltreatment comprehensively in Chinese women, this research study aims to validate the Psychological Maltreatment of Women Inventory (PMWI) for Chinese women.
The validation was conducted in two phases: (a) preparation of the Revised Chinese PMWI and (b) full psychometric testing of the questionnaire. In the preparation phase, the PMWI was first revised taking into account the possible cultural differences between Chinese and non-Chinese women. In addition, given the changing nature of psychological maltreatment with the advent of mobile digital devices, supplementary items were added to keep the instrument in line with the expanding scope of this phenomenon. The revised PMWI included 67 items after revision, and was translated into Chinese by two bilingual translators using forward and back translation. The Revised Chinese PMWI was reviewed by a panel of intimate partner violence (IPV) experts in Hong Kong for the relevance of items to Chinese women, resulting in the scale-level content validity index of 0.94, which indicated the content validity was satisfactory. After adjustment of items based on the experts’ opinions, cognitive debriefing was conducted with a sample of 10 Chinese women to confirm the comprehensibility of the Revised Chinese PMWI by the target population. The last step in the preparation phase was assessment of test-retest reliability of the questionnaire among 37 Chinese women with a 2-week interval, which was shown to be satisfactory with an intraclass correlation coefficient over 0.95.
The second phase of the validation process was the full psychometric testing of the Revised Chinese PMWI. The validation study included 1198 Chinese women who had been in intimate relationships during the preceding 12 months. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the questionnaire was reduced to 49 items. The test revealed two factors as the original English version, emotional-verbal and dominance-isolation, which were further verified by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, known-groups validity was demonstrated by significant differences in scores between women recruited from different places (shelter as opposed to community center) and with different abuse histories (abused in past year, not abused but in distressed in relationships, or not abused in satisfactory relationships). Moreover, convergent validity was established through moderate-to-strong correlations of the Revised Chinese PMWI with measures assessing other forms of IPV, controlling behaviors, marital satisfaction, and depression. Trivial correlation with unrelated demographic variables (number of children and education level) indicated discriminant validity. Regarding reliability, the Revised Chinese PMWI showed good internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha for each subscale ranged from 0.947 to 0.966 and was 0.975 for the entire tool.
The use of the comprehensive validation procedures in the present study provided evidence for both cultural appropriateness and satisfactory psychometric properties of the Revised Chinese PMWI. It shows promise as a useful instrument in research and clinical practice to measure the experience of psychological maltreatment in intimate relationships in Chinese women.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Mok, Yam-king Monica. "Emotional experience and its expression in the house-tree-person drawings of children who witness parental disputes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727418.
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Skidmore, Monique. "Flying through a skyful of lies : survival strategies and the politics of fear in urban Myanmar (Burma)." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35670.
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This thesis concerns the cultural construction and mechanics of violence, domination, and survival under a Southeast Asian totalitarian regime. It entails an examination of the modern character of violence and domination in Myanmar (Burma) through the inscription of State power upon the bodies of Burmans and via the ramifications of the regime's alliance with the drug lords upon the urban struggle for survival. At times of extreme domination, fear, and degradation, very little space exists for psychological and physical resistance. Burmans seek escape from this situation by withdrawing into domains characterized by denial, numbness, and temporary madness. My concern is with the lived experience of totalitarianism, the way that individuals respond differently according to a prior series of lived experiences, and the particular idioms drawn upon to construct survival strategies.An important culturally constructed strategy of survival in Myanmar entails the detaching of agency from the body while the mind "flies" to freedom. This strategy has a long history not only in Burmese, but also in other Southeast Asian histories, myths, and legends. Just as Burmese wizards fly to a mythical landscape in the foothills of the Himalayas when released from their physical bodies, so too do heroin addicts, prostitutes, psychiatric patients, and the urban poor flee to Burmese fantasylands to escape the domination of the military regime. This strategy, one of many adopted by urban residents, denies the State the final prize it so desperately craves: the willing participation of Burmans in a military society, the complete internalization of totalitarian ideology such that no other ideologies can exist and no space is left for their creation and negotiation. In the conclusion I argue that the regime is aware that it has faded in this task.
I also examine the possibility that the existence of multiple Burmese worlds or realities, in conjunction with a strong belief in the miraculous may offer new ground for research into the trauma of survivors of violence and terror. The construction of madness, death, and reanimation in Burmese culture, grounds particular survival strategies in logical, hopeful, and perhaps curative, rationalities.
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Massoud, Soulafa Shakhshir, and Vanessa Francis Romo. "The effect of the exposure to domestic violence on psychological well-being among American Muslim women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2994.
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A quantitative study that examines American Muslim women's level of exposure to domestic violence, resources available to them, and the effect of domestic violence on their psychological well-being. Data was collected from 128 Muslim women from the Islamic Center of Riverside in Southern California. The key finding of the study was a significant positive relationship between depression and the use of verbal aggression. In addition, a positive relationship was found to exist between anxiety, depression and the use of violence.
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Rose, Patricia Riddle. "The Effect of Stress, Anxiety-Proneness and Previous Exposure to Familial Abuse on Violence in Later Relationships." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331059/.
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Abuse in adult relationships as affected by stress, anxiety-proneness, and exposure to abuse as a child was examined using 579 North Texas State University undergraduates, Frequency and levels of abuse observed or received as a child and received or expressed as an adult were measured using a modification of Straus' Conflicts Tactics Scale (1979). Anxiety-proneness was determined by scores received on Spielberger's (1970) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Current levels of stress for the past two years were measured using the Life Experiences Survey (Sarason, 1978). Overall frequencies for received and expressed abuse (including physical and verbal abuse) in adult relationships were quite high (62.9 percent and 73.8 percent respectively). Females reported expressing significantly more abuse than did males. No gender differences were found for the receipt of abuse. Gender differences in types of violence were also examined. In addition, multiple regression was used to determine predictor variables for the expression and receipt of abuse. For males, receiving abuse as a child, positive stress scores, higher levels of anxiety-proneness, and observing father's abuse of mother significantly predicted expressing abuse as an adult. Observing mother's abuse of father and positive stress scores significantly predicted receiving abuse as an adult. For females, having received abuse as a child and trait anxiety were significant predictors for the expression of adult abuse. Receiving abuse as a child was the only significant predictor for the receipt of adult abuse. The greater impact of observing abuse between parents on males was discussed. In addition, difficulties confronting researchers in this area and the possible explanations for more frequent reports of female expression of abuse were examined.
20
Wong, Yuen-ha, and 黃婉霞. "Women survivors of intimate partner violence: reducing depressive symptoms and promoting safety behaviours." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46425172.
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Zeilenga, Terri 1961. "Attributes of battered women seeking shelter: 1984--1987." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276635.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which women seeking services of a shelter for battered women in the Southwestern United States were similar to the existing picture of battered women. Supplemental questions were asked concerning the effects of substance abuse, marital status, and child abuse. Information was gathered from records of a sample of 100 women who sought shelter between September 1984 and August 1987. Results were compared with previous studies by Gayford (1975), Giles-Sims (1983), and Walker. Results suggested women in this study were similar to battered women who had been studied previously. No significant relationship was found between the use of drugs and/or alcohol and the type of abuse a woman experienced, between marital status and employment status, nor between the occurrence of child abuse and a woman's willingness to involve the police. Implications and recommendations for future research were presented.
22
Chindoti, Mwanyara Beatrice. "The Effects of Gender Based Violence on Children: A Case Study of Zimunya Community of Mutare District in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015382.
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This study investigated the effects of gender based violence on children in the Zimunya community of Mutare in Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach was used to gather data, thus thirty children from thirty households from three wards were interviewed and three focus groups were conducted with women from the three wards of Zimunya. The outcomes of the research reveal that gender based violence have negative effects on children who are affected physically, socially, emotionally and psychologically. In other words, gender based violence impacts negatively on the development of the affected children. In the areas under study, domestic violence was identified as the most prevalent types of violence experienced by children in these communities. This is in spite of the fact that there are many services that are provided to protect children and their mothers from violent situations. The role played by support service groups cannot be undermined as they contributed to the reduction of violence in some homes. It is thus concluded that, in as much as services are provided by both government and non-government organizations to the victims of violence, many affected people were not utilizing them fully. Additionally, some research participants showed a certain level of confusion in distinguishing between services provided for children from those provided for women. This study therefore recommends that awareness campaigns should be carried out in many communities in Zimbabwe so as to inform women and children about the availability support services, what they are meant for and for whom. Additionally, the gender violence topic should also be introduced in primary and secondary school syllabuses of Zimbabwe so as to make all children aware of their rights and responsibilities as they grow up.
23
Johnson, Virginia Faye. "Domestic violence and physical child abuse: Do social workers see the risk?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2097.
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The purpose of the study was to look at whether domestic violence is being viewed as a risk factor in homes where there is also physical child abuse. Historically a misconception has existed that child abuse occurs in a vacuum of sorts, isolated from other family problems.
24
Pacheco, Michele Hazel. "A qualitative study of Hispanic female college students, indirect experience of domestic violence." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1397.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and coping skills of college Hispanic women who have witnessed domestic violence committed against a family member, a close friend, or have experienced it personally. An interview was conducted to examine the women's attitudes toward the culture's role in the occurence of domestic violence.
25
Feasel, Brandon L. "The relationship between attitudes towards women and violence and music preference." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1293372.
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This study examines attitudes regarding general violence, violence against women, gender roles, and rape myth and how they relate to music preference. Surveys were completed by 321 students from two large introductory sociology classes at a midsize Midwestern university. Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The results indicate that those who listen to predominantly rap and r&b music are more accepting of general violence and violence against women. Also, findings support the idea that amount of music videos viewed affects views on gender roles. Results show no support for a relationship between attitudes about rape myth and listening to rap and r&b music.Department of Sociology
26
Davids, Alicia Edith. "An explorative study of the influence of gang violence on the cognitions and behaviors of adolescents in a specific community within the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The subculture of gang violence has become a most feared phenomenon in many povertystricken communities in South Africa and especially in the Western Cape. The gang violence that is prevalent in these communities affects mostly the adolescents, who are supposed to be &lsquothe leaders of tomorrow&rsquo
. The purpose of this research study was to focus on adolescents in a community where gang violence is rife and in turn reveals their perceptions on gang violence, what the causes of gang violence are and how they are affected by it as expressed in their own words. The researcher establishes the significance and necessity of focusing on adolescents as influenced by gang violence through a phenomenological exploration of their lives. The position that is developed affirms that adolescents are adversely affected by gang violence both from a behavioral and cognitive standpoint. The dire extent of gang violence on these adolescents&rsquo
lives is illustrated by using Fanon&rsquo
s six dimensions of violence. Furthermore various theoretical hypotheses are provided to explain the or igin of gang violence in comparison to the explanations expressed by the adolescents themselves from the interviews conducted. The study is concluded with recommendations extracted from relevant literature as well as comments expressed by the participants of this study. The main limitation within this study was the lack of research outputs within the South African context on the topic of how gang violence affects adolescents who are not gang members. The rich information produced by this study in conducting in-depth interviews with adolescents makes this study significant.
27
Amador, Amy R. "Overgeneral Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults Exposed to Family Violence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28384/.
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Childhood exposure to familial violence increases risk for adult pathology, namely posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Primary PTSD symptoms of hyperarousal and avoidance are implicated in overgeneral memory (OGM) theory in prior research. Individuals with trauma history tend to report OGMs, or non-specific autobiographical memories, perhaps to avoid unpleasant arousal elicited by recalling specific events. OGM, PTSD, depression, and arousal were assessed in adults with and without familial violence history. Arousal was measured via galvanic skin response (GSR) during an autobiographical memory task (AMT), requiring memory recall in response to emotionally-valenced cue words. Familial violence history was linked to higher incidence of PTSD symptoms. Childhood psychological violence was predictive of adult PTSD. Rates of depression, OGM, and arousal did not significantly vary by violence history. Significant gender differences were found relating to type of violence exposure and adult functioning. Research limitations, clinical implications, and future research suggestions are discussed.
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Ferreira, Andrea Felicissimo. "Mulheres em situação de violencia : magnitude e repercussões no uso de serviços em unidades basicas de saude do setor publico do municipio de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310393.
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Orientador: Lilia Blima ScraiberDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:54:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_AndreaFelicissimo_M.pdf: 10595181 bytes, checksum: 6d98808d957495376df13623b4bddf1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O problema da Violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno mundial e de grande magnitude. E, que têm merecido maior visibilidade a partir dos anos 90 na área da saúde embasado pela constatação de que a violência contra a mulher está associada a um maior risco para diversos agravos à saúde. Em especial, a violência doméstica tem-se demonstrado como um fenômeno freqüente de caráter insidioso e de cronicidade que tem repercussões em termos de saúde fisica mental e reprodutiva. A conseqüência disto é um aumento de demandas aos serviços de saúde. Nossa hipótese é a de que a prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo é alta; o registro em prontuários é muito baixo e,que as mulheres em situação de violência tendem espontaneamente a procurar e usar mais os serviços de saúde. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar o perfil de uso de serviços entre usuárias de 15 a 49 anos,do sistema público de saúde do Município de São Paulo,que relataram ou não violência por parceiro íntimo. A metodologia utilizada foi a técnica de pesquisa quantitativa com aplicação de entrevista estruturada com 1008 usuárias de 08 serviços de saúde do município. Foi realizado também o levantamento dos registros médicos (prontuários) das entrevistadas. A prevalência de violência por parceiro psicológica, fisica e /ou sexual encontrada foi de 57,7% entre aquelas que estavam casadas ou tinham companheiro à época da entrevista. Embora a prevalência de violência seja alta o registro em prontuários é mfnimo, foram encontrados 03 anotações em prontuário entre os 977 analisados.O tempo médio de usuária (em anos) nos serviços foi de 2,4 e o número médio de consultas na unidade foi de 4, 42consultas/ano de vida de usuária. Uma análise preliminar aponta, que o uso de serviços por mulheres em situação de violência para esta população especificamente se mostrou aumentado em relação aquelas sem episódios de violência. Contudo a população usuária de serviços de atenção primária da rede pública tem dificuldade de acessar o serviço visto pelo tempo médio de uso
Abstract: The problem of violence agajnst women has been a world phenomenon and of high magnitude to. And it has deserved more studies in the 90's in the health area based on the knowledge that violence against women is associated to hea1th risks. Intimate partners violence among all kinds of violence has been the most harmful in terms of physical, mental and reproductive health. According to this there has occurred a higher demand to heaIth services. Our hypothesis is that the prevalence of violence perpetrated by intimate partners is very high; the records are very low in dossiers and the women in situation of violence spontaneously tend to use and look for these services. In this sense our study aims to characterize the people of theses services according to users from 15-49 years old, of the Município de São Paulo public health service who have related or not violence by intimate partners. The methodology used was the technique of quantitative research through interviews structured with 1008 users of 08 health services. According to doctors inquiries and through the users interviews. The prevalence of violence by partners -psychological, physical and/or sexual found was of 57,7% among those who were married or who hade an intimate partner by the time of the interviews. AIthough being high the prevalence of violence recorded in dossiers just 03 remarks were registered in these among the 977 analised samples. The average time the users looked for these services was of 2,4 and the average number of appointments was of 4,42 appointments / user age. One first analises points out that services used by women in situation of violence to this specific population has increased compared to those without any episode of violence. Nevertheless firstly the users population to primary care in public health services bave found some difficulties on accessing them according to the average time of use
Mestrado
Saude Coletiva
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
29
Vogel, Laura C. M. "Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Sample of Women: Examination of the Role of Violence and Ethnicity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278385/.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine Dutton's (1992) model of moderating and mediating variables which may impact the relationship of violence from an intimate partner with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This model was tested within three ethnic groups (African American, n = 303, Euro-American, n = 271, and Mexican American, n = 260), of low income, community women in serious, long-term relationships. The importance of the differences and similarities observed are discussed within a framework of the PTSD as well as domestic violence literature.
30
Danielson, Marci Mae. "Multiple forms of maltreatment and the effects on mental health in Hispanic and Caucasian women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3121.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of multiple forms of abuse (physical, psychological, and sexual) on later psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints as assessed by the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist -HSCL) among two ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Caucasian and Hispanic).
31
Neal, Suzanne P. "Traditionalism and the Abused." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278070/.
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Battered women's perceptions of gender roles within the family were studied. Twenty white, working-class women who were victims of domestic violence were interviewed. It was determined that battered women have very traditional views of gender roles in the family and these views affected the choices that they made within their relationships and their ability to escape these abusive relationships.
32
Martin, Debbie F., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Health Sciences. "An apple a day won't keep the violence away : listening to what pregnant women living in intimate partner violence say about their health." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, School of Health Sciences, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2514.
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Researchers have provided evidence that living in intimate partner violence while pregnant negatively impacts the health of both the women and their unborn children. The purpose of this narrative study was twofold, first to gain understanding of the meaning of health as described by pregnant women who lived in intimate partner violence, and second to gain strategies for health care professionals. Six purposefully selected women participated in two interviews. The data were arranged under five themes: loss of body health, loss of mind health, loss of spirit health, coping with loss of body, mind and spirit health, and advice for health care professionals. The results revealed that these women’s health was negatively affected by living in intimate partner violence while pregnant. Universal screening, coalition building, further research, changes in health care policies, and changes in nursing education and practice are needed to properly address this serious health issue.xi, 153 leaves ; 29 cm
33
Kurtz, David. "A qualitative analysis of Indianapolis banks' crisis communication in the aftermath of workplace homicide." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191711.
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Very little research has addressed the crisis communication strategies used in the aftermath of a workplace homicide. This study examined Indianapolis banks' crisis communication plans for workplace homicide by using St. John's (1997) Three-stage recommendations for crisis communication as a model and basis of comparison.The sample consisted of nine branch banks selected from the 1999 Ameritech Yellow Pages phone book. Six of the nine bank respondents completed a 26-question survey while the remaining three banks who answered "yes" to question #21 completed a 29-question survey. Individual and group agreement percentages between St. John and Indianapolis banks were calculated throughout the three stages.The results of this study revealed an overall group agreement of 59 percent. Internal versus external communication focus of Indianapolis banks impacted the overall group agreement.Department of Journalism
34
Myburgh, Naomi. "Violence in nursing : competing discourses of power, care and responsibility." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/349.
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Mpamira, Tabitha M. "Effects of multiple concurrent interpersonal traumas on post traumatic stress disorder symptomology." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/664.
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Scheepers, Esca. "The psychological experience of being in hiding against the background of political repression in South Africa during the 1986 general State of Emergency: a phenomenological explication." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004586.
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This is a study in Critical Psychology which examines the psychological costs of one of the direct outcomes of political repression - the experience of being in hiding. The aims of the study can be depicted on two levels: it is first and foremost an attempt to provide a true account of the phenomenon of being in hiding. On a second level of equal importance it is an implicit and overt critique of the social order in which this phenomenon takes place. The psychological experience of being in hiding is examined and discussed in its proper socio-political context. Therefore, the theoretical part of the mini-thesis has a strong political bearing, focusing on the State, and extra-parliamentary opposition in South Africa. repression The empirical part of the mini-thesis explicates the psychological experience of being in hiding with the aid of the phenomenological method of investigation. Due to the lack of research on this or similar topics, it is discussed within the framework of the experience of a stressful life event. For the five subjects being in hiding was an extreme intervention which was imposed upon their existences and which brought about a qualitative transformation in the individual subjects mode of being-in-the-world - not only in terms of practicalities, but also on a deep experiential level. It was a phenomenon which touched on fundamental parts of their experience of themselves and their individual worlds and the way in which they actualized themselves. For them it essentially entailed a loss of relationships and roles which resulted in an experience of a measure of encapsulation or separation from the world of others . It was a profound, multi - dimensional disruption of the structure of the subject ' s existence which infused a rich emotional experience .
37
Da, Silva Sheila. "The meaning women attach to their experiences of intimate partner violence: an interpretative phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/153.
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This study investigates the meaning that women attach to their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). It seeks to explore how women who have experienced violence in the context of an intimate relationship understand, or make sense of, that experience. It is important to investigate this in order to address some of the assumptions that often inform understandings of the phenomena. Moreover, such information can be used to inform the design and implementation of appropriate interventions. Nine women who had previously experienced violence within the context of an intimate heterosexual relationship participated in this study. For ethical reasons only women who had extricated themselves from those relationships were interviewed for this study. Participants’ accounts were therefore retrospective. The women who participated in this study constituted a homogenous group in terms of their level of education, geographic location and employment status. Data was collected through personal, face-to-face interviews which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data in the form of text was analyzed following Willig’s (2001) criteria for Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Disclosure of the women’s experiences, how they made sense of their experiences, as well as the resources they identified as available to them are reported in the results and analysis chapter.
38
Hollingsworth, Denise Jo. "Special education needs among children exposed to domestic violence." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2378.
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The purpose of the study is to discover whether exposure to domestic violence leads to higher rates of special education placement. The problem of concern is the effect of domestic violence exposure to children, which results in psychological and behavioral problems that may lead to school difficulties and placement in special education programs.
39
Adamson, Jackie L. "Factors affecting the likelihood of paternal custodial disputes in dissolution of marriage cases." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/613.
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Male batterers -- Paternal custodial challenges -- Support payment arrearage -- Income levels of fathers -- Violent fathers -- Nonviolent fathers -- Initiation of court appearances -- Gender of children.
40
Miskofski, Patricia Ann. "An examination of physical and non-physical abuse as correlates of depression and self-esteem in battered women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1998.
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In light of the existing literature and research conducted in the area of domestic violence, several recurrent symptoms continue to surface as a result of both physical and non-physical abuse. Two of the most prevalent psychological symptoms requiring intervention tend to be depression and low self-esteem. Therefore, it is the intention of this study to empirically examine the type of abuse female victims of domestic violence experience and its link to their psychological distress. Specifically, it is hypothesized that victims of non-physical abuse will be more likely to experience low self-esteem than depression. Victims of physical abuse will have a greater prevalence of depression than low self-esteem.
41
Warren, Ann Marie. "Partner abuse: Health consequences to women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5534/.
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Intimate partner violence is endemic in the United States. According to the American Medical Association (1992), one-fifth to one-third of women will sustain violence from a partner or ex-partner in their lifetime. The relevant literature was organized by ICD-9-CM categories. This study examined the health consequences of partner abuse in a sample of community women using a sample consisting of 564 women in three ethnic groups. Because prior research has failed to account for variations by type of abuse on health consequences, this study assessed psychological abuse, violence and sexual aggression by women's partners. To determine whether or not different types of abuse had an effect on women's health, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The regression equations were calculated for women within each ethnic group to facilitate identification of similarities and differences and to control for ethnic differences in risk for specific diseases. The results were consistent with past research on health consequences of abuse and extended the prior literature by showing that psychological abuse had a pervasive effect on health conditions, distress and use of health care resources. Additionally, ethnic differences emerged. As expected, ethnicity appeared to function as a moderator. Clinical implications and recommendations are made for future research, suggesting the development of a new assessment tool for partner abuse screening.
42
Gray, Mary Elisabeth. "The relationship of group support, majority status, and interpersonal dependency in predicting intimate partner violence." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3914.
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One of the most common community responses to intimate partner violence is batterer intervention programs (BIPs), which are aimed at ending perpetrators' violent behavior. Unfortunately, however, the success rates of BIPs are questionable (Aldarondo, 2002; Gondolf, 2002) and we do not know what factors of the program facilitate decreases in abusive behavior when this does occur. Specifically, it is unknown whether and how individual characteristics interact with intervention group dynamics to facilitate change. To better understand this gap in the literature, this study investigated the relationship between social support, group majority-minority status, and interpersonal dependency in predicting intimate partner violence. The study utilizes data collected for a larger study sampling 180 men enrolled in a batterer intervention program in Portland, Oregon. It was hypothesized that partner violence is positively related to interpersonal dependency and negatively related to group social support. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that majority-minority group status moderates the relationship between group social support and intimate partner violence. As predicted, men who were more dependent on their partners also reported higher levels of psychological aggression perpetrated against their partners during the past 6-months. However, this relationship did not exist between interpersonal dependency and conflict tactics related to physical assault, injury, or sexual coercion. Further, perceived social support in the group did not predict partner violence as hypothesized. However, among men who had attended nine or fewer BIP sessions, both group social support and interpersonal dependency were positively associated with psychological aggression. Finally, among men who were involved in an intimate relationship at the time of data collection, interpersonal dependency was positively related to psychological aggression and physical assault.
43
Vogt, Tertia. "The impact of an interim protection order (Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998) on the victims of domestic violence." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/485.
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Briley, Joshua Paul. "Trauma Responses, Abuse History, and Exposure to Violence as Risk Factors in Adolescent Sex and Non-Sex Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4369/.
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Several risk factors have been identified for adolescent sex offenders and non-sex offenders. Such risk factors include physical and/or sexual abuse, and exposure to community and/or domestic violence. Additionally, the presence of disinhibitive factors, such as substance use and exposure to violent or pornographic media are also commonly reported in the backgrounds of both sex and non-sex offenders. Similarly, adolescent offenders have reported traumatic reactions to environmental factors such as abuse and violence. Similarities in exposure to the risk and disinhibitive factors described above between adolescent sex and non-sex offenders do not provide an explanation for why some adolescents commit sex offenses, whereas other adolescent offenders do not. This study investigated the discriminative ability of traumatic reactions as a risk factor between male adolescent sex and non-sex offenders. The inclusion of traumatic reactions increased the accuracy of risk factors distinguishing between sex and non-sex offenders. Thus, not only the presence of risk factors, but also the adolescent's reaction to the risk factors, are important predictors of whether he will commit a sexual offense.
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Alves, Lúcia Helena da Silva. "Um estudo psicanalítico sobre o trauma e o sofrimento psíquico em situação de violência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21091.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Currently, we experience several extremely violent scenarios that reach the most vulnerable portion of the population, who lives in the outskirts of the big cities. Thisresearch has as its objective to deepen the theoretical investigation on trauma in a situation of extreme violence, which implies reviewing the technical devices from the field of knowledge of psychoanalysis. It is from the field of knowledge that the analyst uses the clinical devices, such as listening, floating attention, free association, transference, interpretation, among others, in order to comprehend the psychological dynamics of the subjects who have experienced trauma, those who feel vulnerable and helpless. Within this context, we ask ourselves: what is trauma? Which psychic processes are part of it? How does the recurrence of traumatic affection manifest itself in clinic? What are the psychoanalytical devices that we can use? The perception is that we are sailing in troubled waters within the clinic, where the analysis of these patients shows us that theory and practice need to be reviewed. It is in the context of the clinic that a space is opened for the individual to talk about his or her trauma–it is understood that the subject, by suffering from violence, sees him or herself invaded in all psychic spaces for the excess of intolerable pulsional energy directed to ‘Me’, whose exaggeration derives from lived experiences by the individual with the external world. The therapeutic space is the place of the reunion between the subjects, the one that takes care, and the one who is taken care of. This clinical model is not the one from the excluded, the less favoured classes, the oppressed, the ones from anywhere –but a space of reception of different subjects. In order to illustrate this research, we resorted to the method of case fragment, which is considered one of the most ancient methods used in human and social science, not only in clinical practice but also in research. The first fragment refers to Antígona, mother, human rights militant who had her son killed by a State’s agent; the second, Iolaos, boy, sexually abused by his neighbour Prócusto. It is at the light of Ferenczi’s theory and other contemporary authors that we will analyse this psychic functioning manner founded in the divide mechanism. The clinical services seek to give a new meaning to the perception of trauma and its subjective repercussions unleashed in the subject’s life, generating pulsional motions that are repeated, relived and that manifest themselves in the form of psychic suffering, with representations that need to be symbolized
Na atualidade,estamos vivenciando vários cenários de violências extremas que atingem a população mais vulnerável, que vive nas periferias das grandes cidades. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo aprofundar a investigação teórica sobre o trauma em situação de violência extrema, o que implica em rever os dispositivos técnicos a partir do campo dosaber da psicanálise. É a partir do campo dosaber que o analista faz uso dos dispositivos clínicos, taiscomo:a escuta, a atenção flutuante, a associação livre, a transferência,a interpretação, entre outros,para compreender a dinâmica psíquica dos sujeitos que vivenciam o trauma, os quais sesentem vulneráveis e desamparados. Dentro desse contexto, nos perguntamos: oque é o trauma? Quais processos psíquicos ocompõem? Como a repetição dos afetostraumáticosse manifesta na clínica? Quais os dispositivos psicanalíticos que poderemos utilizar? A percepção é de estarmos navegando em mares revoltos da clínica, onde as análises desses pacientes nos mostram que a teoria e a prática precisam ser repensadas. É no contexto da clínica que se abre o espaço para o indivíduo falar do trauma sofrido –entende-seque o sujeito,ao sofrer uma violência, vê-se invadido em todos os espaços psíquicos pelo excesso de energia pulsional intolerável voltado para o eu, cujo exagero é retirado das experiências vividas pelo indivíduo com o mundo externo. O espaço terapêutico é o lugar do reencontro entre os sujeitos, aquele que cuida, e quem é cuidado. Esse modelo clínico não é o dos excluídos, das classes menos favorecidas, dosoprimidos, de qualquer lugar -mas um espaço de acolhimento de diferentes sujeitos. Para ilustrar esta pesquisa recorremos ao método de fragmento de caso, o qual é considerado um dos métodos mais antigos utilizados nas ciências humanas e sociais, tanto na prática clínica quanto na pesquisa. O primeiro fragmento se refere aAntígona, mãe, militante de direitos humanos que teve oseufilho morto por um agente do Estado; osegundo, Iolaos, garoto, abusado sexualmente pelo vizinho Prócusto. É a luz da teoria ferencziana e de outros autores contemporâneos que analisaremos esse modo de funcionamento psíquico fundado no mecanismo da clivagem.Os atendimentos clínicos visam ressignificara vivência do trauma e suas repercussões subjetivas desencadeadas na vida do sujeito, gerando moções pulsionais que são repetidas e revividas e se manifestam na forma de sofrimento psíquico, cujasrepresentações precisam ser simbolizadas
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Thomas, Samantha. "Training intervention for volunteers supporting victims of intimate partner violence in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65079.
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Intimate Partner Violence continues to be a significant social problem in South Africa, requiring a systematised and effective response at multiple levels. The organisation at the centre of this research offers crisis intervention to victims of intimate partner violence, providing basic psychological support, legal information and referrals. The volunteer crisis interventionists are exposed to numerous in-depth accounts of violent and distressing victimisation, making them more vulnerable to vicarious traumatisation. Through this work, their prior assumptions about personal safety, the trustworthiness of other people, and basic justice in the world, are challenged. The challenge to these assumptions increases the likelihood of countertransference victim blaming responses, as it is often easier to hold the client responsible for the tragic event than for the support worker to transform their own assumptions about safety and justice. This victim blaming response is supported by the dominant patriarchal ideology which frequently seeks to maintain the systems of oppression, excusing the perpetrator and placing responsibility on the victim. It was therefore clear that in order to do this work effectively, volunteers needed to be trained to identify their countertransference reactions and emotional responses, as well as undergo a critical re-assessment of their ideas relating to intimate partner violence and victimisation. Using an Intervention Research paradigm, this research designed and developed a training programme based on transformative learning theory, moving away from traditional information models of training to a focus on emotional skills and critical self-insight. The phases of the intervention refined the intervention in order to ensure that the research objectives were met and that the programme could be easily replicated. The evaluation of each phase showed an increased capacity for critical insight, and evidence for a transformative shift in the trainees understanding and approach to intimate partner violence.
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Nwagbara, Francis Ikefule. "Perception of domestic violence among Nigerian immigrants in the United States." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2773.
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Nigerian immigrants have been largely excluded from studies on issues relating to immigrants living in American society. This study examines the perception of domestic violence among Nigerians and their help seeking counseling for behavior problems.
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McPherson, Bonnie Beatrice. "An analysis of coping strategies used by women residing in domestic violence shelters." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2143.
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Rabelo, José Orlando Carneiro Campello. "Teias e tramas: performances, melancolia e violências em relacionamentos conjugais entre lésbicas." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1177.
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O presente estudo objetiva problematizar situações de violência em relacionamentos conjugais entre lésbicas numa perspectiva de gênero. O mito da mulher dócil e submissa em muito contribui para o aumento da vulnerabilidade e invisibilidade destes casais. Assim, resolvemos escutar os discursos de mulheres lésbicas envolvidas em relações de violência conjugal com suas companheiras, a partir dos seguintes passos orientadores: analisamos possíveis inter-relações entre as concepções das participantes acerca dos gêneros e suas performances em situações de violência e problematizando possíveis relações entre regulações da categoria gênero e suas vivências. Foi utilizada a entrevista em profundidade tendo como estímulo um álbum contendo imagens, livres e resgatadas da internet, que representam cenas de um relacionamento íntimo entre duas mulheres. A produção de dados foi realizada na Colônia Penal Feminina do Recife. Nossas quatro participantes afirmaram ser lésbicas, possuírem antes da detenção uma relação estável com outra mulher e terem se envolvido em situações de violência conjugal com suas companheiras, que geraram denúncias (violência física). Em suas falas o argumento binário das diferenças entre comportamentos atribuídos a homens e mulheres serve como base para uma série de explicações causais; no entre espaço estão seus desejos, vivências e fantasias. A posição lésbica é para elas uma composição de diferentes elementos daquilo que se associa a homens e mulheres, um híbrido, que demanda uma cartografia específica para sua compreensão. As expressões de dominação incorporadas por estas mulheres em suas relações, sejam estas manifestações públicas ou intimas, aparecem como uma reinterpretação de antigos personagens de uma mesma história. Compreender os jogos de poder e posicionamentos experienciados nos parece fundamental para ampliar o debate sobre como estas estratégias e mecanismos podem operar em qualquer relação. Nesta perspectiva a leitura das identidades forjadas pelas posições de gênero, enquanto dispositivo de poder, se apresenta com grande potencial analítico de um sem número de situações de violência e nos afasta de uma perspectiva essencialista sobre a subjetividade e o sexo e efeitos de dominação em diferentes níveis relacionais, sejam micro ou macrossociais.This study aims to discuss situations of violence in conjugal relationships among lesbians from a gender perspective. The myth of docile and submissive woman contribute very much to the increasing of vulnerability and invisibility of these couples. Thus, we decided to listen to lesbian woman involved in situations of conjugal violence with their partners oriented by the following steps: we analyzed possible interrelations between the participants conceptions on gender and their performances in situations of violence and questioning possible interrelations between regulations of the category of gender and their experiences. This was used the depth interview, using was stimulus an album of images freely picked from internet, witch represent scenes of intimate relationship between two women. The production of data was conducts at the female prison Recife. The four participants affirmed themselves as lesbian, having stable relationship with women prior to the detention and being involved in situations of conjugal violence with their partners that led to denunciation (physical violence). In their speeches the binary argument of the differences attributed to men and woman serves as the base for plenty of causal explanations. In the inter space, there are their desires, experiences and fantasies. The lesbian position is, for them, a composition off different elements of what is associated to men and women, a hybrid, that demands a specific cartography for its understanding. The expressions of domination incorporated by these women in their relations, whet her in public or intimate manifestations seem to be a reinterpretations of old characters of the same story. His crucial to understanding the games of power and positions experienced in order to winder the debate on how these strategies and mechanisms can operate in any relation. In this sense, the identities created by gender positions as power devices, seems to have a great analytical potential regarding many situations of violence and keep us for from an essentialist perspective on subjectivity. The sex and the effects of domination in different relational levels, are micro or macro-socials.
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Damon, Franzett Elize. "Factors underlying women's decision not to report physical abuse : a qualitative exploration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53422.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Violence against women, commonly known as women abuse, is currently evolving into a serious social problem. In South Africa thousands of women are victims of violence inflicted by their intimate partners. Although violence against women is a serious violation of human rights, it is often not recognised as such. Violence against women in intimate relationships often results in women experiencing serious physical, psychological and reproductive health problems. When living or trapped in abusive relationships, women are exposed to injuries, ailments and diseases, wounds, chronic pain, infertility and internal bleeding. In spite of the fact that governments, including the South Africa government, have committed themselves to addressing women abuse through legislation, large numbers of women still experience extraordinary high levels of violence. However, many women neglect to report incidents of violence. Many women remain in such relationships, legislation aimed at protecting their rights not withstanding. The aim of this study was to explore why women neglect to report incidents of violence and to explore women's experiences of violence. Seven coloured women between the ages of 21 and 38 years and living in a small rural town in the Western Cape participated in the study. In-depth interviews were used to obtain information from these women. The extent of the problem of women abuse worldwide and in South Africa is illustrated by research conducted internationally as well as locally. Radical feminism is used as a theoretical framework to interpret the causes of women abuse, the 'acceptance' of women abuse by the community and society and the reasons why women choose not to report incidents of abuse. The analysis and the interpretation of the data is done against the background of social practices embedded in the patriarchal structuring of society. It was found that women's experiences and lives are predominantly structured in terms of their sex and that women comply with expectations set by their intimate partners, family and friends. In order to maintain their relationships, secure a household income and to protect their children against poverty, women remain silent about the abuse they suffer. The study also found that women's responses to abuse relate to the sources and options available to them.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld teen vroue wat algemeen bekend staan as vrouernishandeling, is tans besig om in 'n ernstige sosiale probleem te ontwikkel. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is duisende vroue die slagoffers van geweld binne intieme verhoudings. Alhoewel vrouernishandeling 'n ernstige skending van menseregte is, word dit nie altyd as sodanig erken nie. Mishandeling binne intieme verhoudings lê dikwels ten grondslag van vroue se fisiese, sielkundige en reproduktiewe gesondheidsprobleme. Vroue wat vasgevang is in sulke verhoudings word blootgestel aan beserings, kwale en siektes, wonde, kroniese pyn, onvrugbaarheid en interne bloeding. Ten spyte van die feit dat verskeie lande se regenngs, insluitende Suid-Afrika, hulself verbind het tot 'n stryd teen vrouernishandeling met behulp van wetgewing, ervaar groot getalle vroue wêreldwyd nog steeds buitengewone vlakke van geweld. Baie vroue versuim egter om insidente van mishandeling te rapporteer. Baie vroue bly in intieme verhoudings ten spyte daarvan dat wetgewing wat gerig is op die beskerming van hul regte in plek is. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om vas te stel waarom vroue versuim om insidente van mishandeling te rapporteer en om insig te verkry in die ervaringswêreld van mishandelde vroue. Sewe Kleurling vroue tussen die ouderdomme van 21 en 38 jaar en woonagtig in 'n klein plattelandse dorpie in die Wes-Kaap het aan die studie deelgeneem. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering is gevolg en data is met behulp van in-diepte onderhoude ingesamel. Die omvang van vrouernishandeling wêreldwyd en binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word geïllustreer aan die hand van internasionale en plaaslike navorsing oor die verskynsel. Radikale feminisme word as teoretiese vertrekpunt geneem in die interpretasie van die oorsake van vroumishandeling, die 'aanvaarding' van die verskynsel deur die gemeenskap en samelewing en die redes waarom vroue nie insidente van geweld rapporteer nie. Die analise en interpretasie van data is gedoen teen die agtergrond van sosiale praktyke binne die konteks van patriargale strukturering van die samelewing. Die studie bevind dat vroue se ervarings grootliks gestruktureer word in terme van hul geslag en dat hulle hul gedrag in ooreenstemming bring met die verwagtings van hul intieme maats, vriende en familie. Ten einde hulle verhoudings in stand te hou, 'n huishoudelike inkomste te verseker en hul kinders teen armoede te beskerm, besluit vroue om 'n stilswye rondom hul mishandeling te handhaaf. Die studie toon dat vroue se response verband hou met die bronne en opsies wat tot hul beskikking is.