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Journal articles on the topic 'Violent crimes'
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1
Clery, Michael, Daniel Dworkis, Tolulope Sonuyi, Joneigh Khaldun, and Mahshid Abir. "Location of Violent Crime Relative to Trauma Resources in Detroit: Implications for Community Interventions." WestJEM 21.2 March Issue 21, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.9.44264.
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Introduction: Detroit, Michigan, is among the leading United States cities for per-capita homicide and violent crime. Hospital- and community-based intervention programs could decrease the rate of violent-crime related injury but require a detailed understanding of the locations of violence in the community to be most effective. Methods: We performed a retrospective geospatial analysis of all violent crimes reported within the city of Detroit from 2009-2015 comparing locations of crimes to locations of major hospitals. We calculated distances between violent crimes and trauma centers, and applied summary spatial statistics. Results: Approximately 1.1 million crimes occurred in Detroit during the study period, including approximately 200,000 violent crimes. The distance between the majority of violent crimes and hospitals was less than five kilometers (3.1 miles). Among violent crimes, the closest hospital was an outlying Level II trauma center 60% of the time. Conclusion: Violent crimes in Detroit occur throughout the city, often closest to a Level II trauma center. Understanding geospatial components of violence relative to trauma center resources is important for effective implementation of hospital- and community-based interventions and targeted allocation of resources.
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Zahran, Sammy, Tara O'Connor Shelley, Lori Peek, and Samuel D. Brody. "Natural Disasters and Social Order: Modeling Crime Outcomes in Florida." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 27, no. 1 (March 2009): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700902700102.
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This study analyzes the spatial distribution of crime outcomes at the county scale in Florida as a function of natural disasters. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and conditional fixed effects negative binomial statistical techniques are used. Four crime outcomes are analyzed: index crimes, property crimes, violent crimes, and domestic violence crimes. Adjusting for socio-demographic and social order variables, we find that natural disasters significantly decrease levels of reported index, property, and violent crimes, but significantly increase the expected count of reported domestic violence crimes.
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Feng, Jiaxin, Lin Liu, Dongping Long, and Weiwei Liao. "An Examination of Spatial Differences between Migrant and Native Offenders in Committing Violent Crimes in a Large Chinese City." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030119.
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Immigrants and natives are generally comparable in committing violent crimes in many Western cities. However, little is known about spatial differences between internal migrant offenders and native offenders in committing violence in contemporary urban China. To address this gap, this research aims to explore spatial variation in violent crimes committed by migrant and native offenders, and examine different effects of ambient population, crime attractors, crime generators, and offender anchor points on these crimes. Offender data, mobile phone data, and points-of-interest (POI) data are combined to explain the crime patterns of these offenders who committed offenses and were arrested from 2012 to 2016 in a large Chinese city by using box maps and negative binomial regression models. It is demonstrated that migrant and native violent crimes vary enormously across space. Ambient population is only positively related to migrant violent crimes. Crime attractors and generators have more significant and stronger correlations with migrant violent crimes, while offender anchor points have a stronger association with native violent crimes. The results reveal that migrant offenders tend to be attracted by larger amounts of people and more affected by crime attractors and generators than native offenders.
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신, 재헌. "An Analysis on Foreigner Committed Crimes Covered in Media." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.9.44.9.435.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cases of foreigner committed crime covered in media and introduce the seriousness of the crimes committed by foreigners. According to the violent crime analysis results, the violent crimes committed by foreigners were brutal and cruel and involved revenge motive. In addition, the foreign criminals often used weapons, committed crimes in groups, and involved sexual violence crime in the violent form. In case of property crimes, the foreigners committed the property crimes in various forms including voice phishing, illegal overseas remittance, illegal loan business, and job scam. The property crimes targeted both Koreans and foreigners. Unlike other crimes, the property crimes committed by foreigners are often hidden without getting reported. Other crimes committed by foreigners included various cases including production, distribution, consumption of illicit drugs, ID card rental, illegal brokerage, and trafficking of cultural property.
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Siregar, Sawaluddin, and Putra Halomoan. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN SESEORANG." Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/yurisprudentia.v8i2.6279.
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Violent crime is a form of intentional action that causes a person's health / soul to change for the worse, in carrying out violence the perpetrator will make physical contact in the form of beating someone, causing a person to cause bruises in the form of wounds or the onset of pain in the victim's body. , violence generally occurs due to a dispute that has not been completed or someone feels belittled/demeaned by others so that the occurrence of revenge which ultimately leads to violent crime, in this thesis the author raises the issue of violent crime in imposing a criminal offense against perpetrators of domestic violence. District Court Decision Number 389/pid.B/2021/PN.Andada, The purpose of the problem is to find out the legal provisions referred to as violent crimes that cause a person to die and to determine the accountability In addition to the judge's considerations and the factors causing the occurrence of violent crimes against victims of violent crimes that caused injuries, the case number is State Number 389/pid.B/2021/PN. Kalianda
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Yakhontova, Y. S. "Violent Crime Against Persons in Modern Russia: State and Problems of Criminological Characteristics." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, no. 2 (May 27, 2024): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-2-131-147.
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Relevance. Violent crimes that infringe on unshakable human values, namely life and health, are an integral part of society's life. The rapid change in social, economic and political conditions leads to the intensification of social tension of the population and can provoke an increase in the level of violent crime. Modern realities make it necessary to study and analyze up-to-date information about the state of violent crime, as well as to identify existing shortcomings of the accounting system for the crimes under consideration.The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies based on a systematic study of the criminological characteristics of violent crime against the individual, its state and dynamics in modern Russia, including identifying existing shortcomings in the system of accounting for violent crimes by internal affairs agencies and developing ways to overcome them.The objectives of the study are to identify the real state of violent crime against the individual in modern Russia; to identify changes in its state in the period from 2018 to 2022; to establish the main factors that can have a significant impact on official statistics and accounting and registration discipline in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and their accounting.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, formal-logical, systematic, statistical.Results. The article provides an analysis of the main criminological indicators of violent crime in modern Russia. Particular factors affecting the effectiveness of the crime accounting system are considered, ways of entering information by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia that may affect the reliability of official statistical data are considered and classified.Conclusion. Within the framework of the study, the range of crimes classified as violent was determined, the validity of attributing crimes committed with the use of instrumental violence to the category of violent crimes against the person was considered. The necessity of introducing separate statistical forms aimed at collecting information about violent crime is substantiated.Factors that may have an impact on the reliability and accuracy of official data are considered, special attention was paid to such a phenomenon as artificial latency of crimes. The interrelation of the method of assessing the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies with the phenomenon of artificial latency of crimes is analyzed. In our opinion, a real reduction in the level of artificial latent crime could be influenced by a change in the accounting system for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of territorial internal affairs bodies.
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Torgautova, B. A., and S. M. Kydyrbaev. "Problems of prevention of violent crimes committed by minors and ways of their improvement." Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law, no. 2 (3) (July 16, 2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/2959-4197-2023-1-2-39-44.
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The article considers the problem of violent crimes committed by minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It reveals the main problems that lead to this phenomenon, such as the lack of attention to the prevention of violent crimes, the insufficient number of preventive measures and the low culture of legal awareness in society. The article proposes specific measures to improve the prevention of violent crime, including an increase in the number of measures to prevent violence, increased control by the law and law enforcement agencies, improved living conditions and education for young people, and cooperation with public organizations. Based on these activities, it is possible to effectively prevent violent crimes committed by minors and ensure safety in society.
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Young, Kim A., and Shahidul Hassan. "An Assessment of the Prevalence, Perceived Significance, and Response to Dowry Solicitation and Domestic Violence in Bangladesh." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 19 (March 2, 2016): 2968–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516633217.
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The current study focuses on the prevalence of two pervasive gender-related crimes in Bangladesh: dowry solicitation and domestic violence. We assess victim perceptions of how these two crimes rank in significance compared with other types of crimes experienced and the actions victim households took in response. Our research builds on prior qualitative studies by making use of nation-wide household survey data, collected by the World Bank, to examine dowry and domestic violence in the context of all legal conflicts experienced by households in every administrative region of the country. The analyses show that both dowry solicitation and domestic violence rank in the top five most common crimes, including violent and non-violent crimes. Women report more experiences of dowry solicitation and domestic violence, with urban females most frequently disclosing both. Among the households that experienced multiple types of violent and non-violent crimes, 55.9% of dowry and 70.8% of domestic violence victims reported another crime ranked higher in significance. Of the households that considered these two crimes the most serious they experienced, 56.1% of dowry and 32.5% of domestic violence households took no action at all in response. Among the households that took action, most eschewed both police and state judicial institutions. Choosing to act alone or with the help of family members was the most frequent response. The findings illustrate the need for governance reforms in Bangladesh and may inform state and non-state improvement initiatives.
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Chen, Gila. "Violent Crime Among Israeli Inmates: Does Gender Matter?" Feminist Criminology 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120901861.
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The purpose was to examine (a) gender differences in violent crime, (b) gender differences in the risk factors related to violent offending, and (c) the factors that moderate the relationship between gender and violent crime among 290 inmates. The findings indicated no gender differences in violent crimes. The findings revealed that violent crime is associated with family crime, exposure to interparental violence, child abuse and neglect (CAN), and mental health. Low–medium economic status and CAN were associated with higher risk of violence only among the women. The findings highlight the intersection of CAN with self-destructive behaviors which require simultaneous interventions.
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Feinberg, Ayal K. "Homeland Violence and Diaspora Insecurity: An Analysis of Israel and American Jewry." Politics and Religion 13, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048319000099.
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AbstractJews and Jewish institutions have suffered the majority of reported religion-motivated hate crimes in the United States for nearly two decades. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in 2014 the 609 reported anti-Semitic incidents made up 59% of all religious bias hate crimes alone. Rates of reported anti-Semitic hate crimes vary considerably over the course of a year. Yet, little scholarly attention has been given to what factors cause reported anti-Semitic hate crimes to fluctuate so substantially in the United States. This paper hypothesizes that violent Israeli military engagements are critical in explaining weekly surges of reported anti-Semitic hate crimes. Utilizing FBI hate crime data from 2001 to 2014 and fixed effects negative binomial regression models, consistent findings underscore that violent Israeli military engagements significantly increase the likelihood of a state reporting anti-Semitic hate crime. Most dramatically, their occurrence increases the likelihood of reported hate crime intimidating individuals or characterized as violent by nearly 35%. This paper underscores that homeland perpetrated violence can directly impact the security of diaspora communities.
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Rahmayanti Rahmayanti. "Kajian Kriminologi Terhadap Anak (Pelaku) Tindak Pidana Pencurian Sepeda Motor Dengan Kekerasan." JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 2, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v2i4.2629.
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Violent motorbike theft crimes committed by minors are increasing in the 2020-2023 period. The criminological approach is an important and strategic entity in finding the root causes of violent motorbike theft crimes committed by children so that it can provide appropriate countermeasures. appropriate. The formulation of the problem in this research consists of the criminological perspective on children as perpetrators of the crime of motorbike theft with violence, and the factors that result in children becoming perpetrators of the crime of motorbike theft with violence. The crime of motorbike theft with violence committed by children in the 2020-2022 period was 44 cases, 38 of which were successfully resolved. Factors that influence children in committing crimes of motorbike theft with violence include economic factors, environmental factors, drug factors, parental approach and supervision factors, hedonic factors, crime scene factors, presence of guardians, and religious factors. Efforts to deal with this crime are divided into 2 types, namely preventive efforts and repressive efforts.
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Van Soest, Dorothy, Hyun-Sun Park, Toni K. Johnson, and Beverly McPhail. "Different Paths to Death Row: A Comparison of Men Who Committed Heinous and Less Heinous Crimes." Violence and Victims 18, no. 1 (February 2003): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.1.15.
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Part of the answer to violent crime prevention is to understand the route that those who have committed violent crimes have traveled in order to find ways to guide others from the road leading to such violence. An investigation of the lifelong personal and environmental factors affecting 37 men who were executed in 1997 focuses on distinctions between men in two categories based on heinousness of violent crime. The study aimed to identify risk factors and events that preceded the violent event and to compare the constellation of variables of the men who committed particularly heinous murders characterized by extreme rage and brutality with those whose crimes and criminal histories were characterized mostly by property crimes without intentional harm to people. Descriptive results suggest differences between the two groups of men related to 19 variables and the emergence of two diverse profiles of risk factors and life experiences.
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Miller, Ted R., Mark A. Cohen, David I. Swedler, Bina Ali, and Delia V. Hendrie. "Incidence and Costs of Personal and Property Crimes in the USA, 2017." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 1 (2021): 24–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.36.
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AbstractTotal cost estimates for crime in the USA are both out-of-date and incomplete. We estimated incidence and costs of personal crimes (both violent and non-violent) and property crimes in 2017. Incidence came from national arrest data, multi-state estimates of police-reported crimes per arrest, national victimization and road crash surveys, and police underreporting studies. We updated and expanded upon published unit costs. Estimated crime costs totaled $2.6 trillion ($620 billion in monetary costs plus quality of life losses valued at $1.95 trillion; 95 % uncertainty interval $2.2–$3.0 trillion). Violent crime accounted for 85 % of costs. Principal contributors to the 10.9 million quality-adjusted life years lost were sexual violence, physical assault/robbery, and child maltreatment. Monetary expenditures caused by criminal victimization represent 3 % of Gross Domestic Product – equivalent to the amount spent on national defense. These estimates exclude the additional costs of preventing and avoiding crime such as enhanced lighting and burglar alarms. They also exclude crimes against businesses and most white-collar and corporate offenses.
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Rakhmatullayevich, Gafurov Sherzod. "CRIMINOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHO HAVE COMMITTED MERCENARY AND VIOLENT CRIMES." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue09-05.
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The article highlights the specific characteristics of the perpetrators of violent crimes selfish, the causes, and conditions to commit crimes, the classification and category of youth who have committed crimes with violence for personal gain, as well as the necessary measures to take to prevent this type of crime.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10673.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Russian Family Doctor, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rfd10705.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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Avdeev, V. A., and O. A. Avdeeva. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL, DOCTRINAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL-PRACTICALAPPROACHES TO COUNTERING MERCY-Violent Crimein the Russian Federation." Yugra State University Bulletin, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu20200107-16.
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The subject of the study is mercenary-violent crime, taking into account its condition, structure and dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russian criminal law policy in the field of combating crime of mercenary-violent orientation, taking into account the requirements of international law. The purpose of the study is a modern analysis of the understanding of mercenary-violent crime, the content and types of crimes of this orientation. Attention is focused on the criminological analysis of mercenary-violent crime, prevention and prevention in the context of improving measures of criminal law, criminological and organizational and practical counteraction. The methodological basis for the study of measures to combat mercenary-violent crime is formed by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods that have led to an integrated approach to the study of legal policy to counteract mercenary-violent crime, taking into account the ongoing socio-economic and political-legal transformations. The main results of the study reveal the process of counteracting mercenary-violent crime in the context of globalization, measures to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the mechanism of criminal law regulation of public relations related to countering crimes of mercenary-violent orientation. Conclusions are formulated regarding the methodological and organizational-practical aspects of the legal impact on persons who have committed self-seeking and violent assaults. The novelty of the research topic is the formulation of the problem associated with the disclosure of the causes and conditions of mercenary-violent crime as a socially negative phenomenon in modern conditions; the definition of key areas of legal policy in the field of combating crimes of mercenary-violent orientation, determined by socio-economic and political transformations. In order to achieve the stated goal of the study, special legal methods of cognition were used that facilitate the analysis of the legal regulation of legal responsibility for mercenary-violent crimes. The result of the study is the disclosure of the legal nature of mercenary-violent crime, its essential properties and signs as a social negative phenomenon; identification of features of measures to counter self-serving and violent orientation; establishing trends in legal regulation of crimes of mercenary-violent orientation; determination of the specifics of the mechanism of legal regulation of legal liability for mercenary-violent crimes. An opinion was expressed that there was no categorical legal assessment of the concept of mercenary-violent crimes in domestic legislation, which predetermined the recognition of criminal legal measures as a strategic resource for combating mercenary-violent crime. The conclusions are formulated on the factors inspiring the legislative regulation of the corpus delicti of violent orientation, and the specifics of the implementation of punishment and other measures of a criminal law nature.
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S Yiaile, Stanley, Dr Fr Ambrose Rono, and Dr Gladys Ngao. "EFFECTS OF VIOLENT CRIMES ON ECONOMIC WELFARE OF SLUM DWELLERS: KENYAN PERSPECTIVE." EPH - International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 2, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijhss.v2i4.24.
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Crimes within and across borders of a given state, constitutes a serious threat to national and global development and stability and are not limited to only international war and conflict, but also civil violence, terrorism and violent crimes. It is on this basis this paper sought to assess effects and strategies of violent crimes on economic welfare of slum dwellers in Narok town, Kenya. The research design for the study was survey research design. The target population for this study was all adults aged 18 years and above and living in Majengo slum in Narok town. The study sample was 120 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guide. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics with aid of Statistical package for Social Sciences and presented by use tables, pie charts and graphs. The study established that violent crimes led to loss of income due early closure of business because of fear of burglary and extortion from the criminals. The study further revealed that violent crimes led to wastage of resources through increased investment in security apparatus. The study established the most effective strategies in curbing incidences of violent crimes in order of merit as enhanced lighting, installation of alarm systems, coming home early, employing guards and finally community policing. The study concluded that the number of violent crimes were increasing as new ones were being formed which implied need for increased surveillance and increased investment in violent crime strategy prevention. Hence, the study recommended good cooperation between police, County government and community to increase police effectiveness and community’s confidence about police.
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Takyi, Emmanuel A., Seun Daniel Oluwajana, and Peter Y. Park. "Development of Macro-Level Crime and Collision Prediction Models to Support Data-Driven Approach to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS)." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 33 (June 17, 2018): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118777356.
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The number of violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions concerns many jurisdictions. Traditional enforcement tactics are often reactive, relying on historical crime and collision data to select locations for law enforcement. Advanced law enforcement tactics take a proactive approach. Such tactics include Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS), which uses predicted numbers of crimes and collisions to identify locations for law enforcement. This DDACTS study was conducted in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The research developed macro-level prediction models to predict violent crimes and collisions in each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) in Regina. The zonal nature of the analysis is important for overcoming confidentiality and privacy issues associated with violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions. Fifty-four input variables were used to describe each TAZ’s crimes, collisions, socio-demographic, road inventory, traffic, and land use characteristics. The analysis used negative binomial regression coupled with the empirical Bayes method (a popular approach in transportation, but relatively new to crime mapping) to develop two statistical models that predict the long-term mean value for the number of violent crimes/collisions per zone. Cumulative residual plots were used as the main goodness-of-fit test. The findings are summarized on a map showing the top ten hotzones for violent crimes, the top ten hotzones for fatal-injury collisions, and the zones where the crime and collisions zones overlap. The overlapping zones are the DDACTS zones. By focusing law enforcement in the DDACTS zones, it may be possible to reduce violent crimes and fatal-injury collisions simultaneously and use limited resources more cost effectively.
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Orlova, Maria S. "The Current Status and Problems of Prevention of Violent Crimes Committed with the Use of Weapons by Students (Graduates) of Educational Institutions." Issues of juvenile justice 1 (February 29, 2024): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1220-2024-1-26-29.
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The article deals with problematic issues concerning the prevention of violent crimes committed with the use of weapons by students (graduates) in educational organizations. The author draws attention to the growth of serious and especially serious crimes committed by minors, which is noted in 2022-2023. This trend is directly related to the growth of violence in the educational environment, including violence involving the use of weapons. In this regard, it seems relevant to consider issues related to the prevention of violent crimes committed by students in schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, institutes and others. In the author's opinion, the key role in the prevention of violent crimes is played by the family, educational organization in which the person is studying, as well as law enforcement agencies represented by internal affairs bodies. The conducted research has shown that the current system of prevention of violent crime cannot be called perfect and it is primarily due to the following: staff shortage of structural units of internal affairs bodies (in particular, inspectors of juvenile affairs), a decline in the level of professional competence of employees of educational organizations, unfavorable situation in families where students are brought up and other reasons.
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Suryavanshi, Sunilkumar R., and Ivan S. Netto. "A study on the nature of criminal offences in prisoners with psychiatric disorders." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210811.
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Background: There are very few Indian studies related to the nature of criminal offences in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Methods: Sample consisted of 50 prisoners admitted to a Mental hospital. Their diagnostic categorization was done according to ICD-10 diagnostic research criteria and criminal offences using the Indian Penal code (IPC). The criminal offences and nature of psychiatric illness were divided into two broad groups as violent/non-violent criminal offence and schizophrenia/non-schizophrenia groups respectively.Results: 46 males and 4 female prisoners participated. Murder (IPC 302) was the most common crime among the prisoners. 88% (44) of them had a history of violent crimes and 12% (6) had non-violent crimes. The violent crimes were mainly murder (IPC 302), attempt to murder (IPC 307), and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (IPC 304) and voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons (IPC 323, 324, 325, 326). The non-violent crimes were destroying, damaging or defiling (IPC 295), kidnapping (IPC 363), theft (IPC 379) and sexual crimes (IPC 376). All females had committed murder while males had other crimes in addition to murder.Conclusions: Murder, attempt to murder, rape, kidnapping, grievous injury and theft were the crimes committed by the prisoners. Murder was the most common crime committed by both male and female prisoners. Most prisoners with violent crimes (murder) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This has implications for mental health services, training of mental health professional research and policy in forensic psychiatry in the Indian setting.
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Jarvis, John P., Ashley Mancik, and Wendy C. Regoeczi. "Police Responses to Violent Crime." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816684198.
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This work advances the relatively limited literature pertaining to police clearances of serious violent crimes by comparing and contrasting the correlates of homicide clearance with clearance of nonlethal violent crimes. Using 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System data from 2008 to 2012 and survival models, we analyze the impact of various victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance outcomes for four offense types: homicide, aggravated assault, robbery, and sexual assault. Examining longitudinal trends of clearance rates reveals important differences across violent crime types. Results of survival models also reveal substantial variation in the effects of victim and incident characteristics on time to clearance across types of violent crime. These findings indicate that results from previous studies on homicide case outcomes are not applicable to other types of violent crimes, and police efforts to solve violent crimes differ markedly. As such, the theoretical frameworks of mobilization of law and bounded rationality explanations for variation in police responses to violent crime may be more viable than found in previous studies. However, future research will need to consider these nuances to confirm if such dynamics extend to other forms of criminal behavior.
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Avila, Derek, Huan Gao, Blake Randol, and Sriram Chintakrindi. "COVID-19: Examining the Impact of the Global Pandemic on Violent Crime Rates in the Central Valley of California." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 12 (April 26, 2023): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2023.12.04.
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This study focuses on how a global pandemic like COVID-19 affects violent crimes in the city of Stockton, California. The violent crimes that we will be examining are homicide, robbery, rape, simple assault, and aggravated assault. We obtained crime data from the LexisNexis Community Crime Map and obtained COVID-19 data from the San Joaquin County Health Department regarding the city of Stockton. We developed the results of this research by using time-series plots and interrupted time-series analysis. Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 caused a statistically significant change in the slope for rape, robbery, and simple assault violent crimes. Finally, we discuss in our policy implications section that the Stockton Police Department should establish more community outreach programs that could help prevent these types of violent crimes.
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Thomson, Nicholas D. "An Exploratory Study of Female Psychopathy and Drug-Related Violent Crime." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (February 3, 2017): 794–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517690876.
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There is a clear link between drugs and violence, and the extensive burden drug-related violence inflicts on society. However, drug-related violence is largely understudied, especially in female populations. The aim of the present study was to explore whether women convicted of drug-related violent crime differed on individual-level risk factors from women convicted of a nondrug-related violent crime and women convicted of nonviolent crimes. One hundred and twenty-five female inmates were classified using official criminal records. Multinomial logistic regression indicated inmates higher in antisocial psychopathic traits and low level of educational attainment were more likely to be in the drug-related violent crime group. In comparison, inmates higher in callous psychopathic traits were more likely to be in the nondrug-related violent crime group. Using official records of prison misconduct, a secondary aim tested whether prison violence increased the likelihood of being in either of the violent crime groups. Results show inmates who had committed violent misconducts over a 6-month period were more likely to be the nondrug-related violent crime group. Prison violence did not differentiate inmates in the nonviolent crime group from the drug-related violent crime group. These findings are the first to explore the relation between psychopathy and drug-related violent crime, and drug-related violent crime predicting future violent behavior in female criminals. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in female violent behavior. Furthermore, psychopathy is not only shown to be an important risk factor for violence in women but also highlights that the dimensional construct is essential for understanding context-dependent violence.
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Fleischman, A., N. Werbeloff, R. Yoffe, M. Davidson, and M. Weiser. "Schizophrenia and violent crime: a population-based study." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 14 (March 26, 2014): 3051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000695.
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BackgroundPrevious studies have found that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be violent than the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between schizophrenia and violent crime in the Israeli population.MethodUsing the Israeli Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry we identified 3187 patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia. For each proband we identified parents and siblings, and gender- and age-matched controls for patients, parents and siblings. Information on violent crimes was obtained from police records.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia were at increased risk for violent crimes compared with controls [odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–4.9], especially women (OR 9.9, 95% CI 6.2–15.7). Risk for violent crimes was higher among patients with co-morbid substance misuse than in patients without such co-morbidity (OR 5.1, 95% CI 4.2–6.3).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that increased risk of violence is part of the clinical picture of schizophrenia and needs to be recognized as a legitimate, essential, aspect of clinical management.
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Heo, Jun. "A Study on the Aspects of the Joseon Dynasty through the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty." Korean Society of Private Security 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2022.21.2.197.
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In order to understand the criminal aspects of the Joseon Dynasty, I searched the Korean Version of the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty provided by the National Institute of Korea History and analyzed the extracted articles. It was searched by classifying the main crime types: murder, violent crime, property crime and sex crime. In the Joseon Dynasty, it was found that many murders were committed by high-ranking officials or officials by abusing their authority. And violent crimes have similarly abused their powers and there have been many cases of violence. There were few records of actual cases of property crimes in the Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty. But considering that the seriousness of the theft crime and countermeasures were discussed, it was found that it was recognized as a very serious crime. In order to maintain social order based on strict Confucian ideology, sexual crimes in the Joseon Dynasty were severely punished unlike the modern point of view of sexual crimes. In the Joseon Dynasty, as in modern times, various types of crimes existed, and interest and efforts were made to prevent them. However, the differences between the status system of the Joseon Dynasty and the present say according th Confucianism were clearly evident.
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Burba, Domininkas. "TILTAI IR KELTAI KAIP XVIII AMŽIAUS VILNIAUS PAVIETO BAJORŲ TEISINIŲ GINČŲ OBJEKTAI IR NUSIKALTIMŲ ERDVĖS." Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija, T. 4 (October 8, 2018): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/xviiiastudijos/t.4/a14.
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Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article. Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century. Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges over the River Vilnia). Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green (Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one. One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this number isn’t that small. Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges, ferries, passings.
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Przeszlowski, Kimberly, Rob T. Guerette, and Lori K. Sudderth. "The Role and Impact of the Use of Information Technologies by Police in Response to Violence against Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 12 (June 14, 2023): 6125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20126125.
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The last decade has witnessed an increased awareness of the crucial need to enhance police response and investigation of crimes related to violence against women (VAW). Although some research has been conducted on police decision-making in response to these crimes, there remains a dearth of knowledge concerning the influence of innovative police technologies on the investigative process and resulting case outcomes. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given (1) the intricate nature and severity of VAW crimes and (2) the substantial advancements in technology that have transformed how the criminal justice system handles violent crime cases. To address this gap, the current study adopted a multi-method, quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the Miami Police Department’s Real-Time Crime Center (MRTCC) technologies on the case processing and case clearance of sexual assault and domestic violence incidents. The results of this study illuminate the distinctive features associated with this form of violent crime and underscore the necessity of continuously advancing the strategies employed to address these incidents.
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Стецька, Х. С. "CRIMINOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION OF SELFISHING VIOLENT CRIME AND ITS SIGNS." Juridical science 2, no. 4(106) (April 3, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-106-4-2.04.
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The relevance of the article is that according to the Constitution of Ukraine, the main social priorities and the highest social values include a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security. That is why the implementation of state policy in the field of child protection has long been of concern not only to legal scholars and law enforcement practitioners, but also to the general public. In order to implement European standards for the protection of children’s rights in Ukraine, our state has undertaken a number of international legal obligations to ensure the proper mental and physical development of young people, their protection from any deviations from regulatory behavior. The article presents the concept of mercenary violent crimes committed by children and highlights its features as a set of specialized scientific information, which includes the social conditionality of criminal liability for a certain type of mercenary violent crimes; public danger of a certain type of crime; illegality of the act and its place in the system of normative definition of prohibition of selfish violent type of socially dangerous behavior; the composition of a particular type of crime; socially dangerous consequences and other circumstances of committing crimes that are outside the scope of a certain type of crime, but are inherent in their commission; the identity of the offender. Based on the analysis of the materials of criminal proceedings and the practice of police activity, it was found that the characteristic mercenary violent crimes of children are premeditated murder, robbery, burglary, extortion, illegal possession of a vehicle. These crimes combine selfish motives and violence or the threat of their use and encroach on human life and health, property. The system-forming property that combines selfish motive and violent achievement is criminal illegal activity, where selfish motive determines the nature, content and nature, and the violent form of its implementation specifies the direction of this specific criminal activity.
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Lantz, Brendan, and Joonggon Kim. "Hate Crimes Hurt More, but so Do Co-Offenders: Separating the Influence of Co-Offending and Bias on Hate-Motivated Physical Injury." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 3 (November 12, 2018): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818810314.
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One of the primary motivations for hate crime laws is that hate crimes “hurt more.” But hate crimes are often committed by groups, and research indicates that crimes committed by groups are also more violent than other crimes. This research focuses on one type of harm, physical injury, asking, are hate crimes more violent because they involve co-offenders or because of the bias motivation behind the incident? Results using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) indicate that hate crimes are positively associated with serious injury, but that this association is partially driven by co-offenders. More importantly, co-offending moderates this relationship: Incidents involving bias and co-offending are especially violent. Anti-sexual orientation incidents were an exception to this pattern, however, and are likely to be violent regardless of co-offending. These results suggest that hate crimes do hurt more, but that this relationship is partially attributable to the influence of co-offenders.
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Sergeeva, Anzhelika Anatol'evna. "Interpersonal conflicts motivated by jealousy or revenge as a condition for committing violent crimes." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 2 (February 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.2.38228.
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The subject of the study is violent interpersonal conflicts motivated by emotional states of jealousy and revenge or their combination. The research used a methodology based on the principles of dialectical cognition and including generally recognized scientific methods used in conflictology and jurisprudence. The author refers to moral norms in their relationship with the law, as well as in their perception by a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. On this basis, recommendations have been developed that have scientific value for the further development of the theory of interpersonal conflicts and practical significance for use in the process of establishing the circumstances of the commission of violent crimes related to their subjective side. Author established the features of the intellectual element of the intent of a person committing a violent crime motivated by jealousy or revenge. Due to a distorted perception of moral norms, such a person has a tolerant attitude to violence, which in his mind is considered permissible out of jealousy, revenge or in the presence of a combination of these motives. The scope of application of the research results is practical conflictology and prevention of violent crimes. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the author's approach to establishing the peculiarities of the subject's perception of violent crime of moral norms, the distorted interpretation of which allows him to show aggression out of jealousy or revenge. It is substantiated that a subject who commits a crime out of jealousy or revenge violates generally recognized norms of morality, and his behavior in the event of an interpersonal conflict has an increased public danger equivalent to the public danger of hooligan motives. Taking into account these circumstances both in the development of methods for resolving interpersonal conflicts and in the prevention of violent crimes seems necessary.
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Jumadi, Jumadi, Dea Justicia Ardha, Abdul Jafar, and Muhammad Adi Saputra. "Police Legal Responsibilityy For Crime and Thieft Involving Violence." Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari'ah dan Masyarakat 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v23i1.14177.
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The Indonesian National Police obtains a mandate from laws tasked with maintaining security and order, protecting, serving, enforcing the law and protecting the public. One of these tasks is the prevention of theft with violence crimes by the Police Resort in the East OKU. In seeking answers to this problem, the author used empirical research methods, by conducting interviews with several parties, including the East OKU Police Resort and the perpetrators of violent crimes. The results of the study suggest that, first, the things that cause theft with violence crimes are caused by two factors, namely endogenous and exogenous factors, but the causative factors that often cause theft with violence crimes in the East OKU such as economic level, low education that causes unemployment, the environment, and lack of legal awareness, and supported by situations and conditions. The second is done by using penal and non-penal effort. Prevention with Penal efforts focuses more on the repressive nature, that is, actions carried out after the occurrence of crime. The study's findings revealed the effectiveness of criminal law and policy in preventing violent stealing.
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Sokurenko, Vitalii. "Military-Aggressive Crime as A Subject of War Criminology." Archives des Sciences 74, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.62227/as/74219.
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The article is devoted to the study of military-aggressive crime as a subject of war criminology. It is established that military-aggressive crime is an extensive system of criminal practices based on crimes of aggression. Armed aggression against Ukraine as a foreign policy manifestation and consequence of the functioning of the Russian fascist political regime has as its consequence and accompanying manifestations a number of violent war crimes, crimes against humanity, as well as genocidal practices. They determine a backlash in the form of a system of violent war-related crimes. On this basis, two epistemological blocks are distinguished in the structure of military-aggressive crime: crimes of action and reaction. They are interconnected. The first determines the second. A number of war criminals among Ukrainian combatants, as well as civilians, who commit aggressive and violent hate crimes are caused by previous crimes against them, representatives of their community. It is stated that there is a paradoxical international legal situation when ongoing aggression as an internationally wrongful act of the State is recorded in various formats and at various levels, including the highest level of the UN, but at the same time, the international community does not respond to the crime of aggression in the forms inherent in criminal justice.
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Shin, Jaehun. "A Study on Influence of Different Systems in Foreigner’s Home Country on Crime." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.1177.
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This paper examined the crimes committed by the foreigners, explored how the foreigners living in Korea commit crimes due to the different systems in their own countries, and tried to come up with corresponding measures. To achieve the purpose, this paper referred to the related preceding researches and statistical data. Among the crimes committed by foreigners, the violent crimes showed difference depending on the systems of the criminal’s home country. The foreigners from the countries including the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Canada, and Philippines that adopted the liberal market economy system showed relatively higher violent crime rate compared to the foreigners from the countries including China, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Russia that adopted socialist market economy system. In addition, the foreigners from Uzbekistan showed higher violent crime rate among the Islamic countries aside from the system.
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Kim, Hyunjoong, Sooa Lee, and Jinyong Lee. "Built Environment and Crime in a South Korea Context." Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ) 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/civej.2022.9102.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of environmental criminology in the case of South Korea. Also, it explores more effective strategies from a spatial planning perspective by taking control of diverse spatial planning factors. The study area is South Korea, and the base year was 2016. The relationship between the built environment and three crimes (theft, violence, sexual assault) was analyzed using the spatial econometric model. As a result, the best spatial regression models for violent crime rate and sexual assault rate are SEM and SAC, respectively. The most prominent finding is that the regression results in the three crimes are slightly different. The broken windows effect was negligible for significant crimes in South Korea. The influence of regional disorders on the incidence of crimes was marginal. In the three crime types, mixed land use affected raising crime rates, which is a line with some previous studies that mixed land use increases the likelihood of crime incidences. Unlike a series of relevant works, brighter nighttime light has not effectively decreased crimes in South Korea. In South Korea, CCTV did not play a role in deterring crimes. Lastly, socio-economic characteristics were closely connected with crime rates in South Korea. Findings of theft rate, violent crime rate, and sexual assault rate confirm the reliability of environmental criminology. Although this study has examined the likelihood of applying environmental criminology, further researches and discussions are followed for concrete plans.
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Wilona, Jessica Shirleen, Yusti Probowati Rahayu, and Ayuni Ayuni. "VIOLENT CRIMES AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES IN YOUNG OFFENDERS AT BLITAR JUVENILE DETENTION CENTRE." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.4.388-401.
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Violent crimes yield to fear and unsafe feelings have been also done by children. The General Strain theory explained that violence was occurred due to the criminal coping of individuals, who experienced the situation of pressures that yield into anger which might be developed into violent behaviour. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) is a form of pressure within the family that might contribute to criminal coping. This research was aimed at investigating the differences of ACE on violent crimes and non-violent crimes. Participants of this study were 58 out of 213 boy offenders aged 12-18 years old in the Juvenile Detention Center in Blitar. These participants were chosen by the accidental sampling method based on the type of cases, in which 28 boys were on violent crimes (robbery, child protection, murder, and beating), while 30 boys were on non-violent crimes (theft and drug abuses). The measurement used was the ACE scale, applied with some modifications. The reliability coefficient of the ACE scale was .843. Data were analysed using a non-parametric method, which was the Mann-Whitney U. The examination of mean rank and the effect size of this study showed that ACE was higher on violent crimes, even though this result was not supported by the hypothesis examination result, which was not significant (U = 3.47, p = .129). It could be concluded that ACE on the violent crimes group tended to be higher compared to the non-violent crimes group.
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Moulds, Lauren Grace, Richelle Mayshak, Helen Mildred, Andrew Day, and Peter Miller. "Adolescent Violence Towards Parents: A Case of Specialisation?" Youth Justice 19, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225419880004.
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Adolescent violence towards parents (AVTP) is a form of family violence that tests family relationships and the role of parents and can have lasting impacts on all members of families. This study aimed to explore typologies of AVTP offenders based on their criminal justice system involvement, as well as explore differences between groups of AVTP based on their offending. Data were collated by the South Australian Office of Crime, Statistics and Research (OCSAR) in 2017 and included young people who had been apprehended by the South Australian Police between 2008 and 2012 for violence against a parent or step parent. There were a total of 305 young people included in the study, ranging in age from 10 to 17 years. The study found that there were three different groups of AVTP offenders: AVTP offenders, AVTP non-violent offenders who have committed other non-violent crimes and AVTP violent offender who have committed other violent crimes outside of their AVTP offence. Findings suggested that an AVTP offence in isolation is a rarity, and most AVTP offenders commit other non-violent or violent offending. The study concluded that AVTP may be a function of general anti-sociality and occur within the context of a pattern of violent or deviant behaviour, as opposed to a specialist, targeted, isolated incidence of violence.
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Erdélyi, Ákos. "International and domestic crime statistics indicators of sexual crimes." Belügyi Szemle 72, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 1275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2024.v72.i7.pp1275-1288.
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Aim: In this study, the Author reviews the criminal statistics indicators of sexual crimes. Sexual crimes can be grouped according to several classification systems – for example, the age of the victims, or the method of execution, or in light of whether they are committed with violence. Based on the latter, distinguished between violent and non-violent situations – a good example of the former is the crime of sexual violence, while the latter is child pornography. The analysis of the statistical data provides insight into how and to what extent the prevalence of sexual crime develops, as well as how and with what prevention campaigns these frequency indicators can be reduced. Methodology: In the study, the Author makes a statistical presentation, the sources of which are international and domestic crime statistics databases. Findings: Although the number of proceedings initiated for sexual crimes in Hungary can be considered average for the Central and Eastern European region, the numbers of cases detected are still at high levels. In order for these cases to decrease, programs are needed that effectively combat the effects of sexual violence myths, the fear of victim blaming, and stigmatisation. Value: This study is an overview that aims to present a complex statistical point of sexual crimes, which can serve as a basis for further comparative analyses.
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Erdélyi, Ákos. "International and domestic crime statistics indicators of sexual crimes." Belügyi Szemle 72, no. 7 (July 22, 2024): 1225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2024.v72.i7.pp1225-1239.
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Aim: In this study, the Author reviews the criminal statistics indicators of sexual crimes. Sexual crimes can be grouped according to several classification systems – for example, the age of the victims, or the method of execution, or in light of whether they are committed with violence. Based on the latter, distinguished between violent and non-violent situations – a good example of the former is the crime of sexual violence, while the latter is child pornography. The analysis of the statistical data provides insight into how and to what extent the prevalence of sexual crime develops, as well as how and with what prevention campaigns these frequency indicators can be reduced. Methodology: In the study, the Author makes a statistical presentation, the sources of which are international and domestic crime statistics databases. Findings: Although the number of proceedings initiated for sexual crimes in Hungary can be considered average for the Central and Eastern European region, the numbers of cases detected are still at high levels. In order for these cases to decrease, programs are needed that effectively combat the effects of sexual violence myths, the fear of victim blaming, and stigmatisation. Value: This study is an overview that aims to present a complex statistical point of sexual crimes, which can serve as a basis for further comparative analyses.
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Smirniotis, Colette, Michael Henderson, Barbara A. Bailey, and Rose M. C. Kagawa. "Crime and Building Rehabilitation or Demolition: A Dose-Response Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013065.
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Thousands of buildings in Cleveland, Ohio were demolished or rehabilitated since the Great Recession in the 2000s. Recent evidence suggests removing vacant and decaying buildings reduces violent and firearm-involved crime. This study examines the dose-response relationship between demolitions, rehabilitations, and crime. We use Bayesian spatiotemporal models to estimate the association of interest for five types of crime outcomes: violent crimes, violent crimes involving a firearm, drug crimes, and crimes often associated with building vacancy. We estimate associations in quarterly time periods from 2012 through 2017 in 569 hexagons approximately the size of a neighborhood (2000 feet, approximately 610 m, in diameter), stratified by vacancy level. Across vacancy levels, the majority of our models do not identify statistically significant associations between demolition and rehabilitation dose and crime incidence. However, in some cases, we identify positive associations between demolition and crime. These associations generally appeared at higher levels of demolition (2 or 3 or more demolitions) in areas characterized by medium to high levels of vacancy. We also find that the presence of a property rehabilitation is associated with an increase in drug crimes in areas with medium levels of vacancy.
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Smolej, Mirka. "Violence in Crime-Appeal Programming and in Crime Statistics." Nordicom Review 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0105.
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Abstract Numerous studies have noted that media representations of violent crime do not correspond to actual levels and features of violence in society. The present article examines whether this is true of the Finnish crime-appeal program Poliisi-TV. In addition, the article identifies similarities and differences in Finnish violence reporting in comparison with international research findings. The data consist of 23 episodes including 67 violence vignettes that are contrasted with statistical data on violence. Violence is highly over-reported in the program. A typical violent crime is an assault on the street at night between two previously unacquainted Finnish men, although reports on more hidden and rare types of violence are also prominent. Thus, the common generalization that crime media concentrate on the most violent and serious crimes perpetrated on the most vulnerable victims is disputed. The article discusses possible explanations for the differences among Anglo-Saxon and Nordic crime media contents and calls for more research on crime media’s positive implications.
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Voloshyna, Maryna. "Promising directions of scientific research on the issues of operational-search combatting mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-256-263.
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The article deals with issues of scientific elaboration of the problems of counteracting mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine and the main directions of their scientific research. The article analyzes the main provisions of modern scientific developments in the field of criminal law, criminology, criminalistics, the theory of operational-search activity. The author, based on the analysis of existing points of view, the results of personal research, expresses his attitude to the aforementioned issue and proposes qualitatively new approaches to defining promising areas of scientific research on the issues of operational-search counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine. It is determined that the purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of scientific development of problems of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine and outline promising areas of research on operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine in modern conditions. In the article the author analyzes in detail the scientific works of domestic scientists of different times on various aspects of combating mercenary and violent crime. In particular, issues of criminal law, criminology, forensic, criminal procedure and operational and investigative nature are studied. It is noted that in the territory of independent Ukraine a large number of scientists have studied the problematic issues of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes both at the level of dissertations and at the level of scientific articles and textbooks. The author argues that the study of dissertations and monographs in recent years indicates a lack of general theoretical and organizational and tactical issues of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine. Today remain: undefined and undeveloped: issues of normative-legal regulation of operative-search counteraction to mercenary-violent crimes; determining the features of operational and investigative characteristics of mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine; content and direc-tions of improvement of information-analytical support of operative-search counteraction to mercenary-violent crimes; directions of internal and external cooperation of the National Police units in combating mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine; tactical features of operational and investigative measures to combat mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine, etc.
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WARREN, BARBARA. "REPORTING VIOLENT CRIMES." Nursing 23, no. 3 (March 1993): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199303000-00001.
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Damayanti, Rika. "Factors that Cause the Occurrence of Violent Crimes Against Children." Journal La Sociale 4, no. 3 (November 7, 2023): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v4i3.863.
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This research aims to investigate factors that cause the occurrence of violent crimes against children. The data obtained in this research analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive approach (descriptive research) to describe the data obtained, then interpretation and conclusions provided. The results of the research found that Lack of supervision by parents, lack of awareness of children to resolve problems through deliberation, many groups of children are emerging. Meanwhile, efforts made by the police to tackle violent crimes against children in Bone Regency include: Guidance, Peace Efforts, Counseling, Patrols. Providing education to families about the importance of monitoring children so that their children do not become victims of crime or perpetrators of crime. Providing continuous legal education considering the important role of society in preventing crime, especially violent crimes against children.
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Romero, Jesine Rose, Rowell Pallega, and Van Ryan I. Alipoyo. "Factors Influencing Crime Commission among College Graduate Prisoners." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 734–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.09.04.
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The goal of the study was to look into the factors that influence crime commission among college graduate inmates in the Dipolog and Dapitan City jails. The outcomes of the investigation were carried out using a quantitative approach. The required data was gathered using a purposive sampling strategy. The data was presented, analyzed, and interpreted using descriptive statistics. Highest number of college graduate incarcerated in Dipolog City Jail are graduate from Bachelor of Science in Criminology while in Dapitan City jail are graduate from Bachelor of Science in Education. Most of the college graduate prisoners in both city jails committed non-index crimes or non-violent crimes like violation of RA 9165, otherwise known as Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 and less prone of committing index crimes or violent crimes like murder, homicide, rape, robbery and other violent crimes. Enmeshment in financial problems is the primary factors influencing crime commission among college graduate prisoners and followed by distrust in perceived support from family and friends. It is concluded that crimes can be committed by individuals regardless of his/her educational status.
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Graan, Johan van. "A Case Study of Non-Violent Property Crime Victimisation in a South African Urban Residential Neighbourhood: Exploring the Excessive Use of Force and Destruction Caused by Burglars to Gain Entry to Victims' Properties." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (April 30, 2021): 992–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.117.
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Commentators frequently report on the high prevalence of violent crime in South Africa and often label the country as one of the most violent in the world, with a subculture of violence and criminality. This paper focuses on a different perspective, reporting on the excessive use of force and destruction caused by offenders in South Africa to gain entry to victims' properties in the execution of non-violent property crimes, in a particular residential burglary. Literature on property crimes has been considering the aggravating circumstances of violent property crimes. However, the use of excessive force and destruction caused by burglars to gain access to victims' properties in the execution of residential burglary remains relatively untested in the literature. In this light, the purpose of this study is to describe the unprecedented levels of force used and destruction caused by burglars to gain access to victims' properties during residential burglary victimisation in an urban residential neighbourhood in Johannesburg, South Africa. A qualitative research approach is followed. A case study design was used to select an urban residential neighbourhood in Johannesburg as a case study. A data set of (n = 1 431) crimes were purposively selected by means of non-probability sampling. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. This paper offers valuable insight into the forceful and destructive conduct of burglars in the selected neighbourhood and contributes to the body of knowledge by providing an improved understanding of target hardening as a preventive measure against residential burglary victimisation as well as on methods of entry used by burglars in incidents of residential burglary. The results of reported non-violent property crime victimisation incidences by this community's neighbourhood watch scheme suggest that residential burglars in the selected neighbourhood are uncharacteristically forceful and ravage in their actions since they frequently revert to extreme use of force and destruction, disproportionate to the crime perpetrated. It is concluded that this radical degree of force used and destruction caused by residential burglars to gain entry to victims' properties in the execution of non-violent property crimes is not typically associated with residential burglary as compared to countries internationally.
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Miller, Amalia R., and Carmit Segal. "Do Female Officers Improve Law Enforcement Quality? Effects on Crime Reporting and Domestic Violence." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 5 (September 18, 2018): 2220–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy051.
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Abstract We study the impact of the integration of women in U.S. policing between the late 1970s and early 1990s on violent crime reporting and domestic violence (DV). Along these two key dimensions, we find that female officers improved police quality. Crime victimization data reveal that as female representation increases among officers in an area, violent crimes against women in that area, and especially DV, are reported to the police at significantly higher rates. There are no such effects for violent crimes against men or from increases in the female share of civilian police employees. Furthermore, increases in female officer shares are followed by significant declines in rates of intimate partner homicide and non-fatal domestic abuse. These effects are all consistent between fixed effects models with controls for economic and policy variables and models that focus exclusively on increases in female police employment driven by externally imposed affirmative action plans following litigation for employment discrimination.
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Campbell, Rosie, Lucy Smith, Becky Leacy, Miriam Ryan, and Billie Stoica. "Not collateral damage: Trends in violence and hate crimes experienced by sex workers in the Republic of Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 28, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 280–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0791603520939794.
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The Republic of Ireland’s new Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2017 Act) criminalised sex purchase. Drawing on primary data from reports made by sex workers in Ireland to UglyMugs.ie, we analyse trends in violent and other crimes against sex workers in Republic of Ireland (hereafter Ireland). Examining the four-year period 2015–2019, we highlight the various crimes sex workers experience, including incidents of hate crime. Analysis of UglyMugs.ie data found that crimes (including violent offences) against sex workers increased following the introduction of the new law and continued with low levels of reporting of said crimes to the police. The data suggest that the 2017 Act heightens the risks for sex workers. Here, we advocate an intersectional framework to provide a more nuanced understanding of how sex workers in Ireland experience violent and other hate crimes (ICRSE, 2014). We suggest that considering the international research evidence, the most conducive framework in which to reduce violence against sex workers is that of full decriminalisation ( Platt et al, 2018 ). But, as others have pointed out, that legal reform needs to be in tandem with other policies and a refocusing of police resources on sex worker safety, better enabling reporting and access to justice.
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Kim, Hyunjoong, and Eunyoung Seong. "Pattern and Explanation of Inter-City Crime Variation in South Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215458.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to test the applicability of environmental criminology in South Korea. Moreover, it explores effective strategies from a spatial planning perspective by taking control of diverse spatial planning factors. The study area is South Korea, and the base year is 2016. A spatial econometric model is built to analyze the relationship between the built environment and three crimes (theft, violence, and sexual assault). As a result, the best spatial regression models for violent crime rate and sexual assault rate are a spatial error model (SEM) and a spatial autoregressive model (SAC), respectively. The most prominent finding is that the regression results in the three crimes are slightly different. The broken windows effect was negligible for significant crimes in South Korea. The influence of regional disorders on the incidence of crimes was marginal. In the three crime types, mixed land use affected rising crime rates, which aligns with some previous studies that mixed land use increases the likelihood of crime incidences. In contrast with a series of relevant works, brighter nighttime light has not effectively decreased crimes in South Korea. In South Korea, closed-circuit television (CCTV) did not play a role in deterring crimes. Lastly, socio-economic characteristics were closely connected with crime rates in South Korea. The theft rate, violent crime rate, and sexual assault rate confirm the reliability of environmental criminology. Although this study has examined the likelihood of applying environmental criminology, further research and discussions are followed for concrete plans.
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Pehno, Gabriella, and Olena Kovalchuk. "Crimes of sexual violence in Ukraine: characteristics and international experience." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 40 (December 18, 2023): 342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.40.342.
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Annotation. The article examines the normative and legal characteristics of the concept of «violent sexual crime», studies the opinions of Ukrainian scientists regarding the problem of detecting violent sexual crime, and examines the statistical data of the Prosecutor General's Office regarding the frequency of this type of criminal offense. The foreign experience regarding the peculiarities of differentiation of violent sexual crime in the criminal legal acts of the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, and the Republic of Poland was analyzed. Violent sexual crime is considered as a multifaceted complex phenomenon that requires research from various aspects, such as: prevalence on the territory of the state, profile of victims and criminals, mechanisms of combating such crime. The current state of the legal context of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and personal integrity has been studied, in particular the definition of crimes, the establishment of criminal sanctions and the imposition of punishments on guilty persons in the current legislation of Ukraine. The main criminologically significant signs of violent sexual crimes are formulated, which can later become the basis for developing a strategy to combat violent sexual crime in Ukraine.