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Journal articles on the topic 'Violent tendencies'
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1
Berg, Mark T., Ethan M. Rogers, Bruce G. Taylor, Weiwei Liu, and Elizabeth A. Mumford. "Lessons of an Honour Code: A Consideration of Conflict-related Processes and Interpersonal Violence." British Journal of Criminology 59, no. 5 (April 9, 2019): 1076–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz022.
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Abstract Criminological research has long suggested that attitudes concerned with honour and aggression, such as the ‘street code’, are related to violent offending and victimization. Comparatively, little information is known, however, about the mechanisms through which these attitudes increase violence. Drawing from interactionist perspectives of aggression and subcultural theories, we examine the mediating role of two conflict-related tendencies: disputatiousness and remedial actions. We also examine the extent to which remedial actions moderate the association between disputatiousness and violence. Predictions are tested using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States. Results show that conflict-related tendencies mediate the pathways linking the street code to violent offending and victimization. In addition, remedial actions temper the association between disputatiousness and violence involvement.
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Wang, Xia, Hyunjung Cheon, and Laura Beckman. "Assessing the Violent Offending and Violent Victimization Overlap Among a Sample of Chinese Youth and Young Adults." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818806024.
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Although an increasing number of studies have examined offending and victimization in China, little is known about the extent of the victim–offender overlap and what factors may explain differential tendencies toward offending versus victimization in the Chinese context. To fill this gap and to broaden the empirical base of the current literature on the victim–offender overlap, we examine the association of a number of prominent theoretical constructs with overall violent encounters and role differentiation. Using data collected from over 2,000 students from six schools in Changzhi, a city in Northern China, and multilevel item response theory modeling, we find a nontrivial overlap between violent offending and victimization and differential tendencies toward offending versus victimization. We also find that most of our theoretical constructs are associated with overall violent encounters, but only moral beliefs, peer delinquency, drinking, and gender are related to role differentiation. Findings for theory and research are discussed.
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Laubacher, Arja, Astrid Rossegger, Jérôme Endrass, Jules Angst, Frank Urbaniok, and Stefan Vetter. "Adolescent Delinquency and Antisocial Tendencies as Precursors to Adult Violent Offending." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 58, no. 5 (March 12, 2013): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13479935.
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Karayagiz Muslu, Gonca, Sibel Coşkun Cenk, and Deniz Sarlak. "An Analysis of the Relationship Between High School Students’ Tendency Toward Violence, Self-Esteem, and Competitive Attitude." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (August 21, 2017): 5976–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517723742.
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This study analyzes the relationship among high school students’ tendencies toward violence, self-esteem, and competitive attitudes. It was conducted in Fethiye, Muğla, between September 2013 and January 2014. The population of the study consisted of 6,531 students from 11 high schools. The participants were determined using stratified random sampling, and the study data were collected from 1,600 students. A personal information form, the Violence Tendency Scale, the Competitive Attitude Scale, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools. In this study, the rate of the participants who were exposed to violence was 15.4%. Of them, 46.2% said that one of their family members was violent toward them, while 27.3% said that their teachers had been violent toward them. Of the participants that were exposed to violence, 55.8% reported psychological violence, 27.3% reported physical violence, and 10.8% reported sexual violence. In the study, tendency toward violence is a dependent variable, while competitive attitude and self-esteem are independent variables. Family type, exposure to violence, and demographics are control variables. Age, class, school, family attitude, and exposure to violence are the variables that created significant differences in the tendency for violence. The present study showed that there was an inverse and weak yet significant relationship between the students’ tendencies toward violence and competitiveness ( r = −.169), and a positive and weak relationship between tendency toward violence and self-esteem ( r = .238). Also, there was an inverse and low-level significant relationship between competitiveness and self-esteem ( r = −.121). The variables which affect the tendency toward violence are gender, exposure to violence, competitiveness, age, self-esteem, and extended family type in a descending order regarding their importance. The predictive power of the variables on the tendency toward violence was 16.8%, which is not statistically significant.
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Logan, Joseph E., Kevin J. Vagi, and Deborah Gorman-Smith. "Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying." Crisis 37, no. 6 (September 2016): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000389.
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Abstract. Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11–12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.
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Moyo, Charles. "Party Foot-Soldiers, Quasi-Militias, Vigilantes, and the Spectre of Violence in Zimbabwe’s Opposition Politics." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v8i1.241.
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Scholarship tends to neglect the phenomenon of political violence in opposition parties in Zimbabwe. The prevailing narrative is that political violence is largely a monopoly of the state and the ruling party, Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). However, an emerging trend implicates opposition political parties, particularly the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). The MDC’s party’s foot-soldiers, especially the “Vanguard,” often exhibit violent tendencies. Accordingly, the present article explores the scourge of intra-party violence in the opposition party MDC between 2005 and 2019. The article conceptualises and contextualises MDC’s violence through the lenses of Zimbabwe’s political culture and socialisation in the context of the country’s pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial historical trajectories.
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Hasan-Aslih, Siwar, Liat Netzer, Martijn van Zomeren, Tamar Saguy, Maya Tamir, and Eran Halperin. "When we want them to fear us: The motivation to influence outgroup emotions in collective action." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, no. 5 (June 7, 2018): 724–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218769744.
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Prior work has shown that the experience of group-based emotions can motivate disadvantaged group members to engage in collective action. In the current research, we tested whether such action can also be driven by the motivation to induce certain emotions among the outgroup to the extent that disadvantaged group members believe this would help them attain their social change goals. We tested this hypothesis in three studies (two correlational and one experimental) within the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Study 1 showed that individuals’ motivation to induce outgroup regret was associated with nonviolent collective action tendencies, whereas the motivation to induce outgroup fear was related to violent action. Study 2 moved beyond Study 1 by assessing corrective and punitive goals of social change. We found that preferences for inducing outgroup regret mediated the relationship between endorsement of corrective goals and nonviolent action tendencies, whereas preferences for outgroup fear mediated the relationship between punitive goals and violent action. Study 3 provided experimental support for the causal effect of goals on emotion motivations and collective action tendencies. Together, our findings are in line with the notion of instrumental emotion regulation as applied to collective action.
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Kosinski, Michal. "Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Does Not Predict Self-Reported Behavioral Tendencies." Psychological Science 28, no. 11 (October 4, 2017): 1675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617716929.
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A growing number of studies have linked facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) with various antisocial or violent behavioral tendencies. However, those studies have predominantly been laboratory based and low powered. This work reexamined the links between fWHR and behavioral tendencies in a large sample of 137,163 participants. Behavioral tendencies were measured using 55 well-established psychometric scales, including self-report scales measuring intelligence, domains and facets of the five-factor model of personality, impulsiveness, sense of fairness, sensational interests, self-monitoring, impression management, and satisfaction with life. The findings revealed that fWHR is not substantially linked with any of these self-reported measures of behavioral tendencies, calling into question whether the links between fWHR and behavior generalize beyond the small samples and specific experimental settings that have been used in past fWHR research.
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ASLI, Güneş. "An Examination of Violent and Empathic Tendencies in Adolescents by Different Variables." Cukurova University Faculty of Education Journal 45, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.283275.
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Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar, Anja Zivkovic, and Masa Bozovic. "Substance abuse as a cause of violence in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia." Temida 16, no. 2 (2013): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1302017d.
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Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia can both inflict and suffer violence. For centuries there has been a firmly held belief that they are dangerous and, due to this belief, they are still frequently isolated from the community and exposed to involuntary treatment and restraint. Research data illustrates that persons with this diagnosis are at greater risk of performing violent acts more frequently than the general population. In recent years, the general framework has been set in a more complex manner due to the inclusion in analysis of several mediating variables such as gender, social status, childhood trauma, personality traits, stress and many others. Numerous studies have shown that violent tendencies are evident in persons with co-morbidity of schizophrenia and anti- social personality disorder and/or substance abuse disorders. This paper is focused on reviewing data scrutinizing the role of drug abuse and alcoholism in the violent behavior of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. Data obtained through meta- analyses of tens of thousands of cases demonstrates unequivocally that the percentage of persons with schizophrenia who commit violent acts without abusing drugs is relatively higher than in the general population (8.5% : 5.3%), while persons who abuse drugs and/or alcohol have been more frequently violent regardless of being psychotic or not (27.6%). Having taken these findings into account, the understanding that persons diagnosed with schizophrenia are prone to violence must be made more specific and their treatment, follow- up and public image changed accordingly. Some of these implications are discussed in this paper and changes suggested.
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Leppäkari, Maria. "Liberating the Temple Mount: apocalyptic tendencies among Jewish temple activists." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 19 (January 1, 2006): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67309.
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Every now and then instances of violence are played out at the Temple Mount area in Jerusalem, also known as the Haram-esh-sharif. Some of the cases are referred to as results of the so-called ‘Jerusalem syndrome’, incidents when individuals’ manifestations of pre-existing psychopathology culminate in violent actions. Israeli psychiatrists and others have treated such incidents as examples of when peoples’ expectations of a heavenly Jerusalem collide with the very earthly reality in the city. For some people, such encounters may create anxiety that may threaten the victim’s very sanity. In such situations, an apocalyptic mission may become the only way for them to cope with the situation at hand. But the Temple Mount does not only attract lone-acting individuals, it also attracts organized groups who refer to the very spot as an important identity marker. In this article, the author draws on her field research material and interviews with Jewish Third Temple activists in Jerusalem collected on and off between 1998 and 2004. Here Yehuda Etzion’s, Gershon Salomon’s and Yoel Lerner’s theology and activities are studied in light of apocalyptic representations, and how these are expressed in relation to religious longing for the Third Temple in the light of the Gaza withdrawal. Not all those who are engaged in endtime scenarios act upon their visions. In Jerusalem, there have been, and still are, several religious-political groups that more or less ritually perambulate the Temple Mount area.
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Međedović, Janko, and Goran Knežević. "Dark and Peculiar." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 2 (April 2019): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000280.
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Abstract. Earlier research suggested that militant extremists could have certain aspects of psychopathic and psychotic characteristics. Relying on these studies, we investigated whether the Militant Extremist Mind-Set (MEM) could be explained by psychopathy, sadism, and Disintegration (psychosis proneness), as subclinical manifestations of amoral, antisocial, and psychotic-like traits. In Study 1 (306 undergraduate students), it was shown that sadistic and psychopathic tendencies were related to Proviolence (advocating violence as a means for achieving a goal); psychopathic and disintegrative tendencies were associated to the Vile World (belief in a world as a corrupted and vile place), while Disintegration was the best predictor of Divine Power (relying on supernatural forces as a rationale for extremist acts). In Study 2 (147 male convicts), these relations were largely replicated and broadened by including implicit emotional associations to violence in the study design. Thus, while Proviolence was found to be related to a weakened negative emotional reaction to violent pictures, Vile World was found to be associated with stronger negative emotions as a response to violence. Furthermore, Proviolence was the only MEM factor clearly differentiating the sample of convicts from male students who participated in Study 1. Results help extend current understanding about personal characteristics related to militant extremism.
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Wiklund, Gunnar, Vladislav V. Ruchkin, Roman A. Koposov, and Britt af Klinteberg. "Pro-bullying attitudes among incarcerated juvenile delinquents: Antisocial behavior, psychopathic tendencies and violent crime." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 37, no. 3 (May 2014): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2013.11.019.
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Ignjatović, Tanja. "VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE TO WOMEN’S NEEDS." Primenjena psihologija 12, no. 4 (January 16, 2020): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2019.4.385-408.
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Although there are tendencies to portray women in partner relationships as physically equally aggressive as men, initiating violence, revenge, and using deadly force almost as much as men, men’s violence against women is more pernicious, characterized by more severe and frequent acts of greater range, manifestations, and with more severe consequences. It is therefore unjustified to speak of gender symmetry, and present this type of violence in gender-neutral terms. This paper provides an overview of the most important features of the observed phenomenon, focusing on psychological violence, which plays a key role in “breaking the resistance”, and in providing a “voluntary sacrifice”, i.e., coercive control, structural in nature and extending to all aspects of a woman’s life. Paradoxically, leaving a violent partner is a risk factor for violence and is considered to be potentially more dangerous than staying in a relationship. In the literature, help seeking and coping strategies used by women who have experienced violence are conceptualized in various ways, and research confirms that they depend on the features of violence and the resources available. It is shown that the crucial precondition for women who want to break out of the circle of violence and begin a new life is a fact that professionals understand the gender nature of violence, that effective social control of violent behaviour is established, that women are lent support through specialized independent programs over a longer period, which should be multidimensional and well synchronized, so as to include women, and take into account their needs, reinforcing their sense of security and space for action.
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Sagan, Oleksandr N. "Orthodoxy of pre-war Ukraine (1921-1939): the main tendencies of development." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 19 (October 2, 2001): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2016.79.1162.
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The violent events of the revolutionary 1917 rocked the church life in Ukraine. Church movement began to become quite controversial in its content of national-political character. In the new political conditions, not only the clergy but also secular authorities, public organizations and private individuals took an active part in discussing the problems of church life, which politicized in some way Orthodoxy. The Civil War of 1918-1920 did all the efforts of church activists and clergy dependent on the state of affairs - the activity of many church and church organizations ceased or, on the contrary, restored under the rule of certain political forces. It was only from the beginning of 1921 that we could speak of more clearly defined lines of church development.
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Sporer, Karyn, Lisa Speropolous, and Katarina E. Monahan. "Finding the “Golden Moments”: Strategies of Perseverance Among Parents and Siblings of Persons With Severe Mental Illness and Violent Tendencies." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 17 (July 10, 2019): 2658–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19860170.
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This article examines strategies family members identify as being helpful when challenged by stressors related to living with an aggressive child or sibling with severe mental illness. Data from in-depth, ethnographic interviews with 42 parents and siblings of violent children with severe mental illness were analyzed using a modified version of grounded theory. Our analysis identified three themes that represent helpful strategies: (a) gaining insight and knowledge, (b) joining peer support programs, and (c) identifying a silver lining. Giving attention to these strategies may prove beneficial for other family members confronted and confused by mental illness, violence, and the complex mental health system. We recommend mental health practitioners help family members locate and engage with these resources and strategies to minimize family members’ sense of isolation and confusion, and to increase their knowledge of mental illness.
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Andriani, Opi, Alizamar Alizamar, and Yeni Karneli. "The Contribution of Self-Esteem and Parenting towards Aggressive Behavior of Child Victims’ Domestic Violence." International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education 4, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/00176za0002.
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Children who live in violent environments have aggressive tendencies as a result of the interaction process. Aggressive behavior of children is influenced by several factors such as improper care, stress, low self-esteem, bad relationships and the display of violence in the mass media. This research aims at examining the contribution of self-esteem and parenting to the aggressive behavior of child victims of domestic violence. The research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive and correlation type. The research respondents were the students of SMA Negeri Padang who were identified as 73 victims of domestic violence victims, selected by using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using the CFSEI-2 inventory for self-esteem and Likert model scale for aggressive behavior with a reliability level of 0.899 and 0.915 for parenting. The data processing used a multiple regression analysis technique with the help of SPSS for Windows Release 20. The findings of this research indicated that self-esteem and parenting together contributed to the aggressive behavior of child victims of domestic violence by 41.7%.
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Aysha, Emad El-Din. "Islamist suicide terrorism and erich fromm’s social psychology of modern times." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i1.284.
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Mainstream social science has struggled to explain the appeal of suicide terrorism to so many Muslim youths, relying as it does on standard socio-economic indicators and research meant to identify suicidal tendencies. The existential emphasis is missing. This commentary is inspired by the work of clinical psychologist Erich Fromm (1900-1980) and his investigation of the social psychology of modernity, as well as how this intermingles with existential fears related to mortality (death-related fears) and the passage of time (the end of the world or apocalypse). Modernity, explained Fromm, makes one feel small, insignificant and isolated in the larger scheme of things. This demands a violent response, often involving self-sacrifice, to reassert the balance, which allows Islamists to take advantage of death-related anxieties and exaggerate the sense of confrontation with the world through apocalyptic prophecies. Current psychological research on death and studies of terrorism and religious extremism both confirm many of Fromm’s findings and expand on them. In this commentary I argue that the religion of Islam, far from being a source of suicide terrorism, has historically restrained both suicidal tendencies and political violence directed at civilians, but it is the slow yet sure encroachment of modernity that has eroded these theological and communitarian defences. Other problems, such as household politics, gender roles, and theological teachings concerning death likewise feed this process, as documented by Arabic researchers in contexts other than political violence.
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Baaz, Maria Eriksson, and Maria Stern. "Making sense of violence: voices of soldiers in the Congo (DRC)." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x07003072.
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ABSTRACTDuring the last years the DRC has made itself known in the world for terrible acts of violence committed by armed men – militia and the regular army – against the civilian population. The voices of the soldiers and combatants have so far been absent in the accounts of this violence. This silence is problematic, both because it makes it harder to understand such violence, but also because it reinforces stereotypes of African warriors as primitive and anarchic, driven by innate violence and tribal hatred. Enquiry into the particular discursive as well as material circumstances of the armed conflict in the DRC, which might better redress the complex and interrelated context in which ‘people in uniforms’ commit violence, is consequently impeded. The story we recount here emerges from soldiers within the main perpetrator of violence in the DRC today: the Integrated Armed Forces. The soldiers' interview texts challenge the dominant representation of soldiers and combatants in the DRC. The soldiers made sense of the prevalence of violence (in which they too had participated) in several interrelated ways, none of which reflected any expression of ‘natural’ (if dormant) violent tendencies, hatred or vengefulness for the enemy.
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Averdijk, Margit, Denis Ribeaud, and Manuel Eisner. "Childhood Predictors of Violent Victimization at Age 17 Years: The Role of Early Social Behavioral Tendencies." Journal of Pediatrics 208 (May 2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.12.056.
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Lindsay, William R., Ronald Allan, Fiona MacLeod, Nicola Smart, and Anne H. W. Smith. "Long-Term Treatment and Management of Violent Tendencies of Men With Intellectual Disabilities Convicted of Assault." Mental Retardation 41, no. 1 (February 2003): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041<0047:lttamo>2.0.co;2.
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Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz, and Muneer Muhammed Rafeeque. "Wasaṭiyyah (Moderation) as the Principle and Objective of the Shariah as a Solution for Preventing Violence and Extremism (Wasatiyyah (Kesederhanaan) sebagai Satu Prinsip dan objektif Shariah adalah satu Solusi Mencegah Keganasan dan Ekstrim)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i2.760.
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The Shariah, the foundation of the scheme of life, seems to be the most misunderstood concept of our time. The Shariah is confined to the domain of law in a rigid way and used out of context in an exclusivist manner. This has generated numerous implications to thought and life. It is generally assumed that the violent extremism that we witness in many parts of the world is the result of this misrepresentation of the Shariah. The situation demands a textual and contextual reading of the Shariah’s principles scientifically, especially, the principle of the wasatiyyah as an objective of the Shariah [Maqasid Shariah]. A correct view of the Shariah and the principle of wasatiyyah will help to remove the misunderstandings. It will also help to prevent the violent extremist and terrorist tendencies. This paper, therefore, aims at examining the principle of wasatiyyah based on the textual study of the Principle Sources – the Quran and Sunnah - and determines its scope to counter violence, extremism and terrorism. The socio-ethical dimensions and the principle of wasatiyyah as principles and objectives of the Shariah in relation to extremist trends will be explored and analyzed in this paper. This paper will present the principle of wasaṭiyyah as a solution for preventing the current extremist tendencies among some Muslims. The descriptive and analytical approaches will be employed in this study. Based on the textual study in a changing context, this paper concludes that the principle of wasaṭiyyah, owing its significance in the Sharī‘ah, needs to be highlighted and acknowledged as a major principle and objective of the Sharī‘ah which would be helpful to solve the societal problems besides its significance in private life.
Keywords: Shariah, Wasatiyyah, violent tendencies, extremism, contextual reading.
Abstrak
Shariah yang merupakan asas kehidupan manusia adalah konsep yang seringkali disalah ertikan masa kini, Shariah yang dianggap terhad kepada undang-undang dan digunakan di luar konteks deengan cara ekslusif telah memberi pelbagai implikasi terhadap pemikiran dan kehidupan manusia. Secara amnya, keganasan golongan ekstrimis di beberapa Negara di dunia ini adalah berpunca daripada pemahaman Shariah yang salah. Situasi ini perlu kepada pembacaan prinsip-prinsip Shariah secara saintifik terhadap teks dan konteks terutamanya prinsip wasatiyyah sebagai satu bentuk objektif Shariah. Pandangan sebenar terhadap Shariah dan prinsip wasatiyyah dapat menghapuskan tanggapan yang salah dan mampu mencegah keganasan golongan ekstrimis dan terroris. Oleh itu makalah ini mengkaji prinsip wasatiyyah berdasarkan teks al-Quran dan Sunnah untuk mengenalpasti skopnya demi mencegah keganasan, ekstrimis dan terroris. Dimensi sosio-etika dan prinsip wasatiyyah sebagai objektif Shariah akan dianalisis dalam makalah ini. Makalah ini akan membincangkan prinsip wasaṭiyyah sebagai penyelesaian untuk mencegah kecenderungan ekstremis semasa di kalangan umat Islam. Pendekatan deskriptif dan analisis digunakan dalam kajian ini. Berdasarkan kajian tekstual makalah ini menyimpulkan bahawa prinsip wasaṭiyyah, perlu diakui sebagai objektif dan prinsip utama Sharī'ah yang akan membantu menyelesaikan masalah sosial selain kepentingannya dalam kehidupan setiap individu.
Kata Kunci: Shariah, Wasatiyyah, kecenderungan kepada keganasan, exkstirmis, pembacaan konteks.
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Akers, Allison. "Divinity and its Imitation in the Utopian Visions of Death Note and Parable of the Sower." Digital Literature Review 6 (January 15, 2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.6.0.105-118.
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This paper explores the impact of divinity and divine imitation in the anime series Death Note byTsugumi Ohba and the novel Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler, comparing the philosophiesof their respective protagonists and the success of their utopian visions. Death Note’s protagonist’sutopian vision become dystopian because of his violent tendencies and pursuit to become a god,while Parable of the Sower’s protagonist’s utopian vision succeeds because of her trust in others andher view of god as an ever changing force that people must shape to survive.
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Vandenberghe, Marijn J. "Villains Called Sicarii: A Commonplace for Rhetorical Vituperation in the Texts of Flavius Josephus." Journal for the Study of Judaism 47, no. 4-5 (October 24, 2016): 475–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700631-12340462.
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Examining the presentation of sicarii in Flavius Josephus’s Judean War from a rhetorical perspective, this article argues that each reference to sicarii alludes to the clauses of a Roman law concerning sicarii, which Josephus has used as a commonplace for rhetorical vituperation against particular groups. Three literary-rhetorical tendencies of War are highlighted to show how this vituperation, as well as the connection between War’s sicarii and the so called Fourth Philosophy, is part of a general rhetorical strategy to shift the blame for the outbreak of the violent conflict to one particular rebel group.
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Ikelegbe, Augustine. "The perverse manifestation of civil society: evidence from Nigeria." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0100355x.
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Civil society has been a central force in political and economic reforms. The activities and even proliferation of civil groups have been seen by several authors as vital to the democratisation project and its sustenance. Only a few scholars have pointed to the roles that civil groups may play in undermining democracy and national stability. In Nigeria, civil society was in the vanguard of the democratic struggle, but recent events are pointing to the negative roles played by some civil groups in the construction of platforms for ethnic militancy and violent confrontation with other groups and the state. Based on evidence from three cases of civil groups, the paper identifies goals, methods, strategies and tendencies that indicate intense primordialism, militancy and violence. The study finds that in plural societies, civil society may become so parochial, divisive, divergent and disarticulative that it actually undermines democracy.
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Çiftçi, Ali, and Aytul Kasapoglu. "Predictors of violence and depression: the case of adolescents in Turkey." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0048.
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Abstract Violence is a leading problem that has a negative impact on daily living. Today, it continues to be an important topic owing to its widespread occurrence, especially among the youth. The main objective of this study is to specify the predictors that influence violence and depression observed among youth aged 15–18 years. While some of these factors are individual (age, gender, flirting, sports. etc.), the subjects’ background, such as the family’s education level, sibling number, etc., were investigated as social and environmental factors. In the survey, data were obtained from 109 high school students receiving education in a private teaching institution using a structured questionnaire technique. With regards the reliability of the survey, equal numbers of boys and girls were chosen from each year in high school lasting for 4 years. After asking questions that aim to obtain students’ sociodemographic features, their depression level was surveyed using the Beck Depression Scale; meanwhile, the Violence Tendency Scale was used to survey their tendency to be violent. Findings revealed that some individual and domestic features of adolescents have significant impacts on their tendencies towards violence and depression.
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Kohler, Timothy A., Scott G. Ortman, Katie E. Grundtisch, Carly M. Fitzpatrick, and Sarah M. Cole. "The Better Angels of their Nature: Declining Violence through Time Among Prehispanic Farmers of the Pueblo Southwest." American Antiquity 79, no. 3 (July 2014): 444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.3.444.
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The central Mesa Verde and the northern Rio Grande regions housed two of the densest populations of prehispanic Pueblo peoples in the North American Southwest. We plot incidence of violent trauma on human bone through time in each region. Such violence peaked in the mid-A.D. 1100s in the central Mesa Verde, and in general was higher through time there than in the northern Rio Grande region. In the central Mesa Verde, but not in the northern Rio Grande, there is a tendency for violence to be greater in periods of low potential maize produccción per capita and high variance in maize produccción, though these structural tendencies were on occasion overridden by historical factors such as the expansion and demise of the Chacoan polity and the regional depopulation. Violence generally declined through time in the northern Rio Grande until the arrival of the Spanish, even as populations increased. We propose that this decline was due to the combination of increased social span of polities, the importance of inter-Pueblo sodalities, the nature of religious practice, “gentle commerce,“ and increased adherence to a set of nonviolent norms.
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Vyssoki, B., G. Sonneck, N. Praschak-Rieder, S. Kasper, M. Willeit, and N. D. Kapusta. "The role of sunshine in suicide: an explanatory model for the suicide peak in spring." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73356-9.
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IntroductionIt is known from previous studies that suicide follows a seasonal pattern with a peak in spring.ObjectivesAnalyze whether suicidal behavior is associated with the increase in the duration of sunshine in spring.AimsTo investigate the effect of number of sunshine hours per month on suicide rates in Austria between 1996–2006.MethodsSuicide data, differentiated by month of suicide, gender, and method of suicide (violent vs. non-violent methods), were provided by Statistics Austria. Data on the average number of sunshine hours per month were provided by the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology. For statistical analysis ANOVA tests and Pearson correlation tests were used.ResultsSuicide frequencies were highest between March and May, lowest between November and January (df = 11, F = 5.2, p < .0001). The average number of sunshine hours per month was significantly correlated with the number of suicides among both genders r = .43 (p < .0001), violent methods (r = .48; p < .0001) but not with nonviolent methods (r = .03; p = .707).ConclusionsLight, possibly through interaction with melatonin, norepinephrine and serotonin, may improve motivation and drive first while mood improves at a later point in time. Thereby, a rapid increase in sunshine in spring might increase suicidal tendencies in vulnerable subjects.Fig. 1[Suicides and sunshine hours in Austria,1996-2006]
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Juchler, Jacob. "The Post-Socialist Change in Eastern Europe: Specific Development or Universal Trend of Global History?" Dialogue and Humanism 4, no. 2 (1994): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/dh199442/324.
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The paper analyzes the transformation in Eastern Europe in the perspective of global history and compares it to actual world-wide developments. The theoretical frame of reference is a strongly modified formation theory which allows for a truly comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. The main topic is the presentation of basic aspects of the fundamental changes in postsocialist societies in comparison with global tendencies: the economic process with its deep crisis, the political process with its instabilities, the changes in social consciousness with their complicated contradictions and some social features such as rising intolerance and violent conflicts. Finally future options are discussed.
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Hassan, Bushra, Alam Zeb Khattak, Muhammad S. Qureshi, and Nazia Iqbal. "Development and Validation of Extremism and Violence Risk Identification Scale." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2021.36.1.04.
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The present study aimed to develop and validate an indigenous scale to measure risk factors associated with extremism and violence tendencies among young people from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The scale was constructed through successive three phases; where in phase I, 55 items were generated whilst reviewing relevant books, journals, and blog posts published on print and social media. In phase II items were tested for their face validity and comprehension and understanding by potential participants and 50 items were finalized for main study. Phase III of the study was carried out on the sample of 240 students from educational institutions in KPK. A Principal Component Analysis was performed using varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was found and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was also significant indicating appropriate values to carry out subsequent factor analysis. Resultantly, final scale comprised of 26 items with four domains identified, including uncertainty in life, lack of social support, violent aggression, and religious intolerance. Additionally newly developed Extremism and Violence Risk Identification Scale was validated with constructs of self-esteem and depression to establish discriminant and convergent validity, respectively.
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Schell, Bernadette H., Jean-Charles Cachon, Ozhand Ganjavi, and Frank Porporino. "A Pilot Study Assessing Type a Behavior in Violence-Prone Inmates." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (October 1986): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.371.
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This study compared the Type A tendencies reported on the Behavior Activity Profile questionnaire and those yielded by a taped-voice analysis of 34 male prison inmates convicted for a variety of violent offenses. The primary objective was to provide prison officials with an instrument for detecting repeated assaulters from nonassaulters. The secondary objective was to determine which of the two Type A assessment techniques was more predictive of prisoners' status as assaulters. The multivariate analysis indicated that the profile, prisoners' length of sentence, and number of convictions accounted for 88% of the variance in grouping, assaulter or nonassaulter. Implications for prison administrators and researchers were discussed.
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Nishida, Tomomi, Makoto Wada, Mei Wada, Hiroshi Ito, Masaru Narabayashi, and Hideki Onishi. "Activation syndrome caused by paroxetine in a cancer patient." Palliative and Supportive Care 6, no. 2 (May 23, 2008): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951508000278.
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ABSTRACTIndividuals with cancer have two to four times an increased risk of depressive disorders compared to the general population. Depressive symptoms are related to impaired daily life functioning and a rise in health care utilization. Pharmacological treatments for depression are usually effective to reduce depressive symptoms, but sometimes lead to serious adverse reactions. We describe a cancer patient who developed sudden psychological and behavioral abnormalities after administration of the antidepressant paroxetine. Impulsive and aggressive symptoms are a so-called activation syndrome that can cause violent or suicidal tendencies. Palliative care staff should pay close attention to these potentially lethal reactions and make an immediate and correct diagnosis.
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Dickinson, Colby. "Polarized Readings of René Girard: Utilizing Girardian Thought to Break a Theological and Philosophical Impasse." Forum Philosophicum 24, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2019.2401.02.
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René Girard’s work often seems suspect to liberals, because it appears as a totalizing narrative. Such hesitancy with respect to either dismissing or endorsing it follows from the demise of “grand narratives” that brought with them imperialistic and hegemonic tendencies. Yet if a liberal viewpoint does not embrace Girard, it is for different reasons that conservatives are either fully supportive of his thought as promising a return to religious values or hesitant about accepting his theories because they critique a form of violence inherent to any community. Girardian thought, it can be argued, has focused on deconstructing mythological justifications for violent activity at the expense of establishing a fruitful position regarding positive communal formations. The tensions between these juxtaposed liberal and conservative viewpoints, as taken up in this article, illustrate an impasse between deconstructivist-genealogists (representing trends within liberal discourse) and communitarians (representing conservative or orthodox viewpoints)—one that shows up in a variety of contexts today. Highlighting this particular standoff in interpretations of Girard can, nevertheless, yield important insights regarding the ultimate significance of his work.
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Barker, Vanessa. "Nordic vagabonds: The Roma and the logic of benevolent violence in the Swedish welfare state." European Journal of Criminology 14, no. 1 (January 2017): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370816640141.
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In Sweden, control of the mobile poor is often driven by the needs and demands of the welfare state itself and follows a different logic outside the neoliberal paradigm. By examining the case of the Roma, EU citizens who travel to Sweden to ask for money on the streets, we can see the expansion and retraction of the criminal law as the government responds to new forms of migration and poverty in its society. The government’s mixed responses – no to bans on begging, but yes to evictions – are the result of dualities inherent in Nordic welfare states, when their inclusionary ameliorative dimensions collide with their exclusionary and nationalistic tendencies. This article proposes the term benevolent violence to conceptualize this duality. It occurs when coercive means are used to uphold the state’s ameliorative goals and when the state’s ameliorative practices have violent effects. In the case of the Roma, it means protecting them from their own livelihood and it means protecting the welfare state for nationals, keeping it solvent for members.
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Mirza, Muhammad Nadeem, and Farrukh Zaman Khan. "SYSTEMIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND CHINESE IMAGE OF THE WORLD ORDER: TRANSCENDING GREAT WALL THROUGH NEO-CONFUCIANISM AND TIANXIA SYSTEMS." Asia-Pacific - Annual Research Journal of Far East & South East Asia 38 (February 4, 2021): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47781/asia-pacific.vol38.iss0.3127.
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Relative decline of the United States, rise of the rest, challenges posed by the non-state actors, proliferating violent crises in different regions, unstoppable environmental degradation, and the unabated growth of the populist tendencies are few of the issues transpiring at the system level. This paper tries to dissect this transformation, while also highlighting that how and why is China trying and willing to take on the leading role in the regional and international milieu. How does China view the world and what is the Chines image of the world order? The study elaborates Neo-Confucianism and Tianxia (All under Heaven) systems in order to enlarge upon the Chinese view of the world.
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Baglivio, Michael T., Kevin T. Wolff, Matt DeLisi, and Katherine Jackowski. "The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Psychopathic Features on Juvenile Offending Criminal Careers to Age 18." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 337–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020927075.
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Childhood maltreatment and inept parental disciplinary, attachment, and monitoring practices evidence a relationship with early and severe childhood and adolescent aggression and have figured prominently as causative factors in theoretical and empirical underpinnings of lifelong antisocial behavior. Abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction have been linked to both violent offending and higher scores on measures of dispositional tendencies associated with psychopathy. The current study incorporates these lines of research by examining a potential pathway by which cumulative adverse childhood experience exposure, rather than single exposures assessed independently, leads to chronic and serious juvenile offending. Specifically, we leverage a sample of 64,007 juvenile offenders who have aged out of the juvenile justice system to examine the extent to which the effects of traumatic exposure on age of onset (first arrest) as well as residential placement, total offenses, and serious, violent, and chronic offending up to age 18 are each mediated by psychopathic features. Results demonstrate that a substantial portion (37%–93%) of the effects of cumulative traumatic exposure on justice system outcomes is indirect, operating through these features, even after controlling for demographic and other criminogenic risk factors. Juvenile justice policy implications are discussed.
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Burba, Domininkas. "TILTAI IR KELTAI KAIP XVIII AMŽIAUS VILNIAUS PAVIETO BAJORŲ TEISINIŲ GINČŲ OBJEKTAI IR NUSIKALTIMŲ ERDVĖS." Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija, T. 4 (October 8, 2018): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/xviiiastudijos/t.4/a14.
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Bridges and ferries, as objects of dispute and crime locations among the eighteenth century nobles of Vilnius district, is the main topic of research in this article. Case materials and auxiliary documents from the records of Vilnius district castle and land courts reveal how often bridges are mentioned in the court processes in both violent and non-violent crimes. Research explores what types of violent crimes took place on bridges or ferries most often. It also works on questions of geographic localisation and statistics, discussing general situation of bridges in Vilnius and its neighbouring areas in the eighteenth century. Bridges are regularly mentioned in the books of the eighteenth century Vilnius castle and land courts, albeit most references are not related to conflicts and bridges are mentioned as orientation marks or in reference to location of a real estate object. Both non-violent legal disputes, involving bridges as objects, and violent crimes on the bridges were not in multitude, however non-violent crimes were in smaller numbers. There were seven dispute cases about lands, properties and plots of land where bridges and ferries are mentioned. Non-violent conflicts mostly took place in rural areas of the district, four of them, and three such disputes happened in Vilnius (one on the Green Bridge and two on the bridges over the River Vilnia). Most commonly recorded violent crime on a bridge was beating and, since this was the most common type of crime perpetrated by nobles in the eighteenth century Vilnius district, this trend is logical. A bridge is once mentioned in the record about a raid. In terms of location, more crimes on the bridges took place in the rural space, although this particular space wasn’t dominant, since six crimes were reported in the province and five in the city – two in Vilnius on the Green (Stone) Bridge, two on the bridges over the River Vilnia and one on a ferry near Šnipiškės. Trends in crime locations match general crime tendencies in Vilnius district, where more crimes took place in the rural space than in the urban one. One may guess, that the rare mention of bridges partially testifies to the fact that in the eighteenth century Vilnius district level of communication was not high and there were not too many bridges. On the other hand, when assessing trends in violent crimes in Vilnius district it was revealed that bridge based crimes comprised only one percent of all crimes. Having in mind that bridge is a relatively small object, compared to several different or other urban and rural spaces, this number isn’t that small. Keywords: Vilnius district, castle court, land court, crimes, nobles, peasants, bridges, ferries, passings.
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Melnychuk, Maksym. "Ajornamento sacred art of Catholicism in the context of philosophical analysis." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 66 (February 26, 2013): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.284.
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An alternative to the traditional religious and religious art was the time, which, especially in the XX century, began to intensively transform the entire arsenal of sacred art into the art at a fast pace. All changed - architecture, fine arts, music, literature ... There were new types of art, and traditional ones, under the pressure of socio-economic changes and globalization processes, experienced significant deformations in both form and content. Extrapolation of these tendencies to the life of the Christian church and its sacred inspiration in religious art caused a violent reaction, opposition and confusion. Christianity also had to face similar processes, to adapt to the demands of time, but the scale of change that life in the 20th century required was completely different.
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Pafford, Audrey, and Jonathan Matusitz. "ABC’s Quantico." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602017717167.
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This article uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyse occurrences of female superiority and racial stereotypes in Quantico, ABC’s breakthrough show in fall 2015. This show features Alex Parrish, a strong female lead of Indian descent. Through the use of CDA, we looked closely at the behaviours and aggressive language of the show’s characters. After analysing season 1 of Quantico (roughly 405 minutes of material), an important conclusion of this study is that, unlike other prime-time television tendencies in the past, the results of this analysis showed significantly more occurrences of female superiority than racial stereotyping. Evidence of female superiority came in the measures that concerned aggressive/authoritative language, violent behaviour and the sexualising of characters on ABC’s Quantico.
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Gandus, F. D. "Political and religious violence: What psychiatry can bring to Middle East?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.665.
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Middle East is one of the most violent regions of the world. This phenomenon is most often due to the fact that religious problematic and political challenges are immediately mixed in places where, moreover, the states don’t assume their role as expected about structuring their societies, supporting freedom and respect for the individual rights and life-projects of their citizens. This complex configuration makes a lot of populations in Middle East develop discreet but serious mental problems such as schizophrenia with paranoia-tendencies or loss of rationality among other possibilities. The aim of this lecture (if still possible) or poster (if the program of speeches is already closed) is to demonstrate what psychiatry (such as elaborated in the west) could bring to Middle East, as well as the difficulties this discipline will have to face to gain respect and interest over there. A focus will be made about an example of “loss of rationality” and how it leads to a projection of violence against animals and its specific meaning in the context of a conflict.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Rujescu, D. "Suicide and Personality: Focus on Old Age." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73721-x.
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Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, mortality from suicide being approximately 2%. Attempted suicide appears to be a major risk factor for suicide completion. Anger, aggression and impulsivity are personality traits associated with suicide attempt. We analysed anger, impulsivity and temperament/character scales as predictors of aggression and self-aggression in suicide attempters and compared this to anger- and aggression-related traits between impulsive and premeditated suicide attempts as well as between violent and non-violent suicide methods.The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Questionnaire for Measuring Factors of Aggression (FAF), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were assessed.Higher aggression scores, as measured by FAF, were predicted by being male, meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder and having higher angry temperament scores as assessed by STAXI. TCI dimensions associated with self-aggression were high harm avoidance, high impulsivity and low selfdirectedness.State anger, inwardly directed anger and inhibition of aggression were also predictors of self-aggression.In conclusion, impulsivity and harm avoidance have emerged as temperament dimensions independently associated with self-aggressive tendencies in personality. Such interactions could explain the correlation between temperament and suicidality but further research is needed. Anger and selfdirectedness appear to have some effects on suicide attempt.
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Lj. Minić, Vesna. "SCHOOL VIOLENCE AWARENESS AND PREVENTION PROGRAMS IN SERBIA." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2803855v.
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The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review and analysis of school violence in Serbia, as well as to suggest programs and measures that would prevent it from happening. Violent behavior in school-age children is a widespread phenomenon and issue, present not only in our country, but also in other countries and cultures; it is on the rise in both developed and underdeveloped countries, in both urban and rural areas. Age groups most prone to violent behavior are children and young people in the process of maturation, since they do not yet have developed defense mechanisms. Given the fact that there are increased levels of peer violence in modern society, it is important to emphasize its serious, far-reaching and long-lasting both physical and mental health consequences, mostly in primary school children. School violence has also become a public health issue being addressed by the World Health Organization, as it causes chronic fear in students and is responsible for numerous psychosomatic disorders. Social context of violence is also incited by media, especially the Internet, television and video games which encourage and spread certain forms of violence among students. There are different forms and levels of intensity of school violence, but violence is usually acknowledged by the society only when certain incidents get the attention in media. However, in order to put a stop to the increased tendencies of peer violence in school-age children, it is necessary to engage students, teachers, parents, media and the entire society. Due to the complexity and sensitivity of this issue, the studies carried out in Serbia are of great importance, not only to understand this issue, but also to develop prevention programs and measures that would reduce and prevent school violence. There are three categories of prevention used in our country to prevent school violence: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary prevention is targeted at the entire population, not only certain groups which are considered to be prone to it. Its advantage lies in the fact that it motivates the children who are not prone to violence to help reduce violence occurrences. Secondary prevention involves working with children who are prone to school violence, or with those children involved in mild forms of problem behavior. Tertiary prevention involves working with students who had already exhibited some form of school violence. Serbia has many school violence prevention programs, such as: School without violence: towards a safe and enabling environment for children; Children and Police; Firefighter in School, School Officer, and many other activities which aim to protect children from violence in schools.
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Ludigdo, Unti, and Ali Mashuri. "Negative Evaluations of National Ethics and Its Impact on Islamic Radicalism." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211041099.
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This research set out to examine the role of negative evaluations of national ethics in escalating Islamic radicalism. To this end, we conducted three studies among samples of Muslims in Indonesia. In Study 1b involving 610 participants, we tested in an explorative way the latent structure or the number of dimensions of negative evaluations of national ethics reflecting the perceived immorality, illegitimacy, and inefficiency of national ethics based on participants’ religious beliefs. We confirmed the number of dimensions of the negative evaluations of national ethics in Study 2 ( N = 214), which also showed as expected how they augmented feelings of in-group superiority and tendencies to justify violence. These radical beliefs ultimately evoked intentions to carry out unlawful collective actions and offensive Jihad, negative intergroup attitudes such as out-group blame and negative group-based emotions such as anger. We also observed in Study 2 how the acknowledgment or awareness that Islam and the nation are of equal importance to the Indonesian context, which we referred to as dual identity centrality, explained fewer negative evaluations of national ethics. In Study 3, we recruited 583 participants through an online experiment devised as an intervention that proved significant for the enhancement of dual identity centrality. Designed as an extension of Study 2 in which radical beliefs were complemented with radical thoughts such as dogmatic intolerance, Study 3 also demonstrated that each of those radical tendencies significantly contributed to negative group-based attitudes and emotions, as well as motivations to engage in violent actions. What can be derived from these empirical findings is that dual identity centrality holds potential for reducing the negative evaluations of national ethics, which in turn may overcome Islamic radicalism along with its detrimental intergroup consequences.
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Okundolor, Sonny I., Florence Ahenkorah, Laura Sarff, Nora Carson, Alirio Olmedo, Catherine Canamar, and Sheila Mallett. "Zero Staff Assaults in the Psychiatric Emergency Room: Impact of a Multifaceted Performance Improvement Project." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 27, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319900243.
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INTRODUCTION: Our psychiatric emergency room (ER) averages 18 patient-to-staff physical assaults annually, with some incidents resulting in multiple injuries. AIMS: The purpose of this performance improvement project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a multifaceted approach to reducing the number of physical assaults on staff. METHODS: We assessed the impact of these bundled interventions on staff assault rate: (1) increasing behavioral response team drills, (2) implementing shift doses, (3) screening for patients’ risk for violence, (4) posting signage to communicate patients’ violence propensity (Golden Hand), (5) implementing mitigating countermeasure interventions, (6) conducting postassault debriefing, and (7) providing postassault support. Psychiatric ER nurses completed questionnaires measuring their perceived self-efficacy in managing patients with a propensity for violence before, during, and after the bundled interventions. Physical assaults on staff were recorded and tracked monthly from May 2016 to September 2018 through a retrospective review of the hospital’s online incident report system. RESULTS: Staff perceived self-efficacy increased from 78% to 95% after attending at least two behavioral response team drills. The Golden Hand signage was rated useful as it flagged and communicated the presence of high-risk patients. Shift dose was evaluated as an informative tool and manageable at ≤5 minutes. The violence-screening tool was considered more accurate in identifying patients with violent tendencies than standard assaultive precautions. Physical assaults on staff by patients decreased to zero in our psychiatric ER, which was sustained for a year. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative, multifaceted, bundled approach provides an opportunity for nurse leaders to promote workplace safety while improving staff engagement and empowerment.
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Kunaharan, Sajeev, Sean Halpin, Thiagarajan Sitharthan, and Peter Walla. "Do EEG and Startle Reflex Modulation Vary with Self-Reported Aggression in Response to Violent Images?" Brain Sciences 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9110298.
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Increased violence and aggressive tendencies are a problem in much of the world and are often symptomatic of many other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Among clinicians, current methods of diagnosis of problem aggressive behaviour rely heavily on the use of self-report measures as described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10). This approach does not place adequate emphasis on objective measures that are potentially sensitive to processes not feeding into subjective self-report. Numerous studies provide evidence that attitudes and affective content can be processed without leading to verbalised output. This exploratory study aimed to determine whether individuals in the normal population, grouped by self-reported aggression, differed in subjective versus objective affective processing. Participants (N = 52) were grouped based on their responses to the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory. They were then presented with affect-inducing images while brain event-related potentials (ERPs) and startle reflex modulation (SRM) were recorded to determine non-language-based processes. Explicit valence and arousal ratings for each image were taken to determine subjective affective effects. Results indicated no significant group differences for explicit ratings and SRM. However, ERP results demonstrated significant group differences between the ‘pleasant’ and ‘violent’ emotion condition in the frontal, central and parietal areas across both hemispheres. These findings suggest that parts of the brain process affective stimuli different to what conscious appraisal comes up with in participants varying in self-reported aggression.
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Dahl, Viktor, and Håkan Stattin. "Beyond the limits: involvement in illegal political activities." European Political Science Review 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000435.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the adolescents who cross the boundaries of legality, also including illegal political means in their political action repertoire. The data comprised of questionnaire responses from middle and late adolescents in a Swedish city of around 130,000 citizens. Analyses of covariance, EXACON, and logistic regression were used to examine the extent to which adolescents including illegal political activities in their political activity repertoire compare with their legally oriented counterparts. Adolescents using illegal political activity reported higher levels of political interest and goal-orientation than adolescents involved solely in legal political activity. The major contrasts with legal political activism were that illegal political activism seemed to co-occur with (a) reluctance to accept authority, irrespective of the context (societal, school, or parental) and (b) approval of violent political means. In a simultaneous model, further analysis revealed that reluctance to accept authority reduced the predictive power of illegal political activities with regard to approval of political violence. This suggests that the tendencies to approve of political violence, among adolescents involved in illegal political activities, might be partially explained by challenges toward authority. To conclude, adolescents in illegal political activism seem to have similar resources for political engagement as their legally oriented counterparts. However, adolescents involved in illegal political activity seem more likely to let ends justify the means. Most likely, this position is related to authority challenges.
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Virkkunen, M. D. "Serotoninergic findings in habitual violence and impulsivity. A review." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2, no. 3 (September 1990): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800035110.
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SummarySeveral lines of evidence suggest that there may be abnormal brain serotonin metabolism in habitually biolent and impulsive offenders. These personality disorders are usually connected with early onset, male limited type 2 alcoholism in which one central feature is the abnormal tendency to behave aggressively and impulsively under the influence of alcohol repeatedly. Low CSF 5-HIAA has been found to correlate with familial alcoholism tendencies; paternal alcoholism. Both this and with it the tendency to abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (tendency to low blood glucose nadir) predict the new violent and impulsive crimes under the influence of alcohol. Also peripheral measures such as platelet MAO, abnormal tryptophan/LNAA ratio in plasma, whole blood serotonin, blood platelet uptake of serotonin, platelet 3H-IMI dinging (Bmax), abnormal prolactin and Cortisol secretion in fenfluramine challenge, and possibly daily urinary free Cortisol secretion correlate with impulsive aggressive behavior.
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Bobghiashvili, Giorgi, and Graham Donnelly. "Ethnic Minority Rights in Georgia 2013–15: A Period of Stagnation." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 14, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01401013.
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Georgia is the most ethnically diverse state in the South Caucasus. Since independence, it has been blighted by violent secessionism and Russian invasion, the roots of which are invariably described as having stemmed from this diversity; the lack of integration of its ethnic minorities; and the recurrent failures of Georgian governments to adequately balance the nationalizing tendencies of constructing a newly independent state on the one hand and the needs and desires of its multinational citizenry on the other. In the first part of this report, we look at the roots of the present minority situation in Georgia, noting the main minority groups and the issues concerning them, before moving on in the second part to consider the issue of minority governance. We also provide a review of the most significant developments in 2014–2015 before commenting on the prospects for the coming year.
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Cellestine, Adhiambo, Benson Charles Odongo, and Peter J. O. Aloka. "Perspectives of Pre-School Teachers on Television Viewing in Determining Behavioral Tendencies among Preschoolers in Kenya." Journal of Educational and Social Research 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2018-0013.
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Abstract The present study determinedperspectives of pre-school teachers on television viewing in determining behavioral tendencies among preschoolers in Kenya. The study was guided by Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. The target population of the study comprised of one head teacher, three ECDE teachers. Saturated sampling technique was used to sample 3 pre-school teachers.15 preschoolers were sampled using Purposive sampling technique after putting them into three stratus of those from rural, urban and more urban areas, which comprised of 20, 20 and 10 preschoolers from each stratum respectively. The researcher used interview schedules, observation schedules and focus group discussion guides as the study instruments. Validity of the instruments was ensured by seeking expert judgments of the supervisors and trustworthiness of qualitative data was also ensured. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The study findings revealed that there was increased physical aggression among children. Though; some children were also empathetic and loving. The finding also established an increased engagement in indoor and outdoor activities by the children. The results further showed an increased language development among children. Moreover, there was also enhanced mutual relationship realized among the learners. The study recommended that; pre-school teachers should encourage parents to engage their children in watching educational TV programs while at home, this was because the study findings revealed that children who watched television had well developed language and also performed well academically. Parents should limit TV viewing time per day and totally banning programs that are too violent or offensive by checking the television listings and programs ahead of time to ensure age appropriate programs, this was because the study findings revealed that children had long hours of TV watching.
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Rojas, Erika Y., and Mark E. Olver. "Validity and Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 826–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219858064.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the validity and reliability of a youth sexual offense risk assessment and treatment planning tool, the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version (VRS-YSO), on a sample of 102 court-adjudicated youth referred to assessment and/or treatment outpatient services followed up an average of 11.7 years in the community. VRS-YSO scores demonstrated “good” to “excellent” interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] = .64-.83). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the static and dynamic items identified three latent dimensions consistent with the extant risk literature labeled Sexual Deviance, Antisocial Tendencies, and Family Concerns. VRS-YSO scores showed strong patterns of convergence with scores from the Estimate of Risk for Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR), Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II (J-SOAP-II), and the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II (J-SORRAT-II). VRS-YSO scores, in turn, demonstrated moderate to high predictive accuracy for sexual, violent (sexual and nonsexual), and general recidivism (significant areas under curve [AUCs] = .67-.88). Examination of pre–posttreatment change data on the subset of youth who attended treatment services found VRS-YSO change scores to be significantly associated with reductions in general recidivism, but not other recidivism outcomes. Future research and clinical applications of the VRS-YSO in youth sexual offense assessment and treatment planning are discussed.