Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Violin Vibrato'

The purpose was to investigate muscle potential during the vibrato motion for successful, healthy violin/viola performers. Electromyography was used to analyze parameters of muscle potentials during performance of a standardized exercise. These parameters were (a) evidence of potentials, (b) patterns of potentials, and (c) timing relationships (24 muscles). This study also sought to replicate and expand performance data from previous studies. Procedures from three pilot studies were used to standardize collection of EMG data. Synchronized video recordings were used to determine vibrato speed and conduct motion analysis. EMG data processing prior to analysis included power spectrum analysis and rectification, low-pass filtering, and smoothing data. Motion analysis findings (£D) were 1.09 for the elbow joints and 3.25 for the wrist joints. which was an indication of range of motion, suggested much greater activity in muscles controlling wrist movement than those moving the elbow. The degree of muscle potential and control were generally related to distance from the vibrating hand. Forearm muscle groups (8) demonstrated the greatest evidence of potential (76.5%) and were 18.1% non-periodic. Muscles of the upper arm (7) were off 59.4% and 57.0% non-periodic. Upper arm muscles had greater individual differences. Muscles of the chest and back (9) were collectively inactive (89.1%) and non-periodic (73.3%). With timing relationships, the forearm muscles demonstrated consistent firing patterns. Inconsistent firing patterns were evident in the upper arm, and to a greater degree in the chest and back muscles. Based on evaluations of performer motion and muscle potentials, it was strongly implied that there are (a) distinct roles for various muscles during vibrato (control vs. stabilization/support), (b) significant differences in potential between variables of rest, playing position, and performing, (c) significant differences in potential between some fingers, and (d) no significant differences between violinists and violists. The vibrato motion appeared to be controlled primarily by forearm muscles.

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009
Violin vibrato is the action by which a violinist periodically changes the frequency of a sustained note by moving the finger on the string, rapidly backwards and forwards. If it is artistically applied, it adds life, character and warmth to an otherwise dull sounding note. Although it has been used since the sixteenth century, very little research has been done on the reason why humankind would experience such periodic fluctuations as an object of beauty in violin performance. In answering the question, this study explores a variety of angles of approach in order to understand the phenomenon in its full context. The history, development and geographical origin of the technique are firstly discussed in a diachronic fashion and provide the background for the subsequent synchronic research on the physical nature of violin sound and violin vibrato. The vibrato rates and widths of four virtuosi are measured and compared to highlight the differences and individuality which are argued to be a contributing factor to the perception of beauty of the technique. It is established in the final chapter that the brain is stimulated more by sounds with periodic changes than those that are presented in the steady-state which cast some light on why vibrato may be experienced as an appreciated addition to sound. The thesis aims to present a unique view on the possibilities of interdisciplinary research of the phenomenon of violin vibrato. It further aims to present the research findings in a concise, logical, and systematic manner that could be of interest to both musician and scientist.

Ce travail de thèse propose un transfert de méthodes industrielles et de recherche que sont le prototypage virtuel et la caractérisation mécanique des structures vers l'artisanat d'art : la fabrication des instruments de musique à cordes, plus particulièrement la guitare et le violon.Ce domaine, historiquement éminemment empirique, est étudié ici avec des critères objectifs. Le travail porte principalement sur le comportementmécanique vibratoire de ces instruments de musique. Le comportement mécanique du matériau utilisé (bois de lutherie) est tout d'abord étudié, et une méthode non-destructive proposée et appliquée à l'épicéa et à l'érable. La fiabilité des modèles numériques et ensuite étudiée par des méthodes de vérification et de validation de modèle, habituellement utilisées dans les domaines industriels et de recherche Les modèles développés sont ensuite utilisés en support à l'étude de phénomènes complexes de l'acoustique musicale appliquée au violon et à la guitare. Pour finir, l'utilisation de ces méthodes numériques pour une application concrète en facture instrumentale (prise de décision en milieu incertain, innovation de la géométrie et des matériaux) est proposée
This work proposes a methodology for the transfer of industrial and research domain methods toward arts and crafts domain. The virtual prototyping and mechanical characterization of materials are used for the stringed musical instruments making domain. The works is adressed to the guitar and violin making. This domain is historically driven by empricism and it is studied here using objective criteria. The main topic is the mechanical vibratory behaviour of musical instruments. Firstly, the mechanical behaviour of the material used (tonewood) is studied. A non-destructive methodology is proposed and applied on spruce and maple species. The reliability of the numerical models is studied by method usually used in industry and research, the verification and validation process. The models developed are used as a support for the study of complex phenomena in musical acoustics. Finally, the utilization of numerical method for a practical application in instrument making (decision support under uncertainties, geometric and material optimization) is proposed. The methodology for a transfer to art and crafts domain is discussed

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos Santos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paiva_GuilhermeOrelli_M.pdf: 4245499 bytes, checksum: dbf4eaee15fa8956c837eb4d59464baf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Atualmente, um importante aspecto da pesquisa em acústica musical consiste em relacionar propriedades físicas mensuráveis de um instrumento musical e a avaliação subjetiva de sua qualidade sonora ou tonal. Tem sido necessário, portanto, o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e numéricos para previsão do comportamento vibroacústico do instrumento, possibilitando a determinação de parâmetros objetivos que possam ser usados para controlar a sua qualidade tonal. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realiza análises modais acústica, estrutural e vibroacústica (acoplamento entre fluido e estrutura), calculadas pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF), com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento dinâmico da caixa de ressonância da viola em termos de frequências naturais e as correspondentes formas dos modos. Primeiramente, é apresentado um modelo simplificado, que despreza as estruturas internas de reforço, mas adota as dimensões principais de uma viola real. Depois o mesmo modelo foi expandido, sendo acrescentados os reforços internos, porém com dimensões ainda aproximadas. Por fim, o terceiro modelo foi elaborado em relação às dimensões de uma viola real e seus respectivos reforços internos. Com isso, também foram realizados procedimentos experimentais a fim de verificar as capacidades e limitações do método computacional empregado. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos pelos métodos numéricos e experimentais são comparados e discutidos
Abstract: An important aspect of musical acoustics research is to identify the relationship of measurable physical properties of a musical instrument with the subjective evaluation of their sound quality or tone. Therefore, for musical instruments including resonance box, it is important to develop analytical or numerical methods to predict accurately its vibroacoustic behavior. These methods will enable the determination of key parameters that can be used to control the tone and sound quality. This work uses theoretical modal analysis with finite element method (FEM) to determine the dynamic behavior of a Brazilian guitar resonance box in terms of natural frequency and mode shapes. At first, is presented a simplified model that neglects the internal structures of reinforcement (struts, ribs, brackets, etc.), but adopts the main dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar. Then the same model was expanded with the addition of the internal reinforcements, but with approximate dimensions yet. Finally, the third model was designed regarding the dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar and their internal reinforcements. Experimental procedures were also performed to verify the capabilities and limitations of the computational method employed. The results obtained by numerical and experimental methods are compared and discussed
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Ce travail porte sur le diagnostic des températures de vibration et de rotation des molécules dans les plasmas thermiques.

Ce mémoire comporte deux grandes parties : l'une concerne le calcul de spectres moléculaires et la deuxième partie est consacrée à la comparaison des spectres dans quatre cas expérimentaux différents.

Un code de calcul a été réalisé pour simuler des spectres d'espèces diatomiques. Ce code a été essentiellement appliqué aux radicaux C2, CN, à la molécule N2 et à l'ion N2+ avec comme paramètres variables les températures de vibration et de rotation. Cette partie commence par une description de la molécule diatomique et de ses propriétés.
Ensuite la méthode pour calculer les spectres est explicitée :
détermination des longueurs d'onde,
de leur intensité,
application d'une fonction d'appareil,
obtention du spectre final.
L'influence des températures de rotation et de vibration sur les intensités des raies est prise en compte ainsi que celle de la fonction d'appareil. Ces spectres sont calculés, pour une expérience donnée, de manière à déterminer ces deux paramètres par comparaison avec les spectres obtenus par la mesure.

Cette méthode a été utilisée sur quatre plasmas différents :
une flamme oxy-acétylénique,
un arc stabilisé dans une chambre de Maecker,
une torche à plasma ICP,
une décharge entre deux électrodes liquides.
Les températures de rotation et de vibration ont été déterminées par la comparaison de spectres. Ainsi des profils de températures ont pu être réalisés.

En annexe, les valeurs numériques nécessaires aux calculs de spectres sont répertoriées pour le système de Swan de C2, le système violet de CN, le second système positif de N2 et le premier système négatif de N2+.

Dissertation (PhD) Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: John Geringer, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 7-9-07). Document formatted into pages; contains 138 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
臺北市立師範學院
音樂藝術研究所
91
Abstract The objective of this research is to probe into the situation of violin performance in the pitch changing during vibrato. It hopes to further understand the violin vibrato through this study. The following tasks have been done in this study: 1.Literature review on the development, technical theory, and sound characteristics of violin vibrato. 2.Interviewing fifteen Taiwanese violin professors to know their views about violin vibrato. 3.Quantitatively analyzing ten of the fifteen interviewed Taiwanese violin professors’ recording of violin playing in vibrato by spectrum analysis software --- Cakewalk Pro Audio 9, SpectraPlus, MATLAB and Peak.M., in order to observe the consistency between their recognitions and their practical performance. Based on the above-mentioned tasks, this study obtains the interviewed Taiwanese violin professors’ recognitions on the violin vibrato and their practical pitch changing of playing violin vibrato. The following conclusions are obtained: 1.It shows that the interviewed Taiwanese violin professors’ views on the pitch changing in violin vibrato are divergent. 2.It shows that there is inconsistency between violin player’s recognitions and practical performance at the pitch variation of vibrato. 3.The results of quantitative analysis reveal that every performer’s retention period of high frequencies and low frequencies of vibrato are different. However, this difference would influence the listener’s taste and judgment on the pitch variation of violin vibrato. 4.The results of quantitative analysis reveal that the ratio of the higher frequency region above the desired pitch and the lowest frequency region below the desired pitch can effect human being’s listen perception.

abstract: The use of instrumental vibrato in certain periods of classical music performances has become a highly debated and often fiery topic. The scholars of yesterday had only a few sources with which to gain a better understanding of the definition, mechanics, employment, and prevalent attitudes of those coming before them. This project aims to develop the foundation to a better understanding of instrumental vibrato by compiling primary source material written before 1940 and secondary source material relevant to that period into an annotated bibliography. The source materials in this study were mainly comprised of treatises, tutors, method books, newspaper articles, and dictionaries. The instruments covered in this study included the violin family and relatives (viols, etc...), woodwinds (including recorder), members of the brass family, organ, other keyboard instruments, guitar/banjo/lute, theremin, and prototype/niche instruments (such as player pianos). This project investigated 309 historical documents, finding 258 contained writings about instrumental vibrato. Of those, 157 were presented as bibliographic annotations. The author found no consensus at any time in the history of Western art music between 1550-1940 that vibrato is wholly acceptable or wholly unacceptable.
Dissertation/Thesis
D.M.A. Music 2012

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
97
The violin bridge transfers vibration of the strings to the corpus, and the vibration can be reinforced by using the characteristics of the resonance frequencies. In the paper, we perform the finite element analysis to calculate the natural frequencies of trimming bridges when the feet are fixed. The relation between the reaction forces of bridge feet and the brightness will be discussed to specify the reasons why trimming bridges can increase brightness of the violin sound quality. We change the direction of material properties and compare the variation of natural frequencies. In addition, three material properties are changed individually to understand their effects on the reaction forces of the bridge applied on the corpus. The roles of the bridge with or without the corpus played on the vibration of the violin are also investigated by calculating the response of driving point mobility. In conclusion, expert violin repairman trims the bridges to a favorable shape depending on three major purposes: the natural frequency ratios, human ear’s sensitivity and the brightness.

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
98
Soundpost has significant influence on the violin vibration, although it is a small element in the violin structure. The tonal will be extremely changed when the soundpost is differently arranged such as its position or the moisture in material. Before discussion, the process of establishing three dimensional violin model will be described in detail. We then perform the finite element analysis to simulate the violin vibration experiment done by Moral and Jansson. The effects of the position and the moisture content in the soundpost on driving point mobility will be discussed in our research. The result shows that only the mobility in lower frequency be affected when soundpost position is moved towards or away from the f hole. On the contrary, the mobility in higher frequency will be affected, when the position is shifted towards or away from the bridge. Among all material properties of wood, the Young’s modulus along fiber direction plays an important role in discussion mobility when the moisture contend is concerned.

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
101
In designing or manufacturing the top and back plates, their geometry, thickness, stiffness and density are the main factors which affect the quality of violins. In this study, the vibration analysis of violin is performed by applying the finite element software package. The variations of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and driving point input admittance with the plate parameters are discussed graphically. All these parameters can be equivalently considered by examining the expression of the natural frequency based on the plate theory. The results show that the reduction of stiffness or increasing the density of back plate will improve the violin quality. During the assumed four carving steps on the top plate, the first, second, and fifth nature frequencies will approach to the ratio of 1:2:4.