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1
Yang, Xin. "Joint effects of VIP granting methods and non-VIP constomers' perceived similarity toward VIP customers on non-VIP customers' benign envy." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/232.
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In the service industry, preferential treatment is a popular strategic approach for retaining valued customers (e.g., Barnes, 1997; Gronroos & Ojasalo, 2004; Zabin & Brebach, 2004; Lacey, Russell, Jaebeom, & Morgan, 2007; Mattila, Hanks, & Zhang, 2013). However, some researchers argue that preferential treatment can lead to customer dissention toward the service firms (Fournier, Dobscha, & Mick, 1998). Marketers are reminded not to ignore the majority of less-profitable non-VIP customers, who have potential to be developed into valuable VIP customers in the future and contribute to firms’ economies of scale, total profits and healthy long-term growth (e.g., Zeithaml, Rust, & Lemon, 2001; Johnson & Selnes, 2005). The existing literature has mostly focused on negative responses (e.g., negative word-of-mouth, brand switching) of non-VIP customers in a preferential treatment context (Feinberg et al., 2002; Lehmann, 2001). However, positive responses of non-VIP customers in a preferential treatment scheme are largely neglected. Therefore, research on the positive responses from the majority of non-VIP customers is important for building a more complete theory of preferential treatment in this regard. In the current research, benign envy refers to a positive motivation derived from envy that compels the envious person to catch up with the envied person. Non-VIP customers with benign envy are more likely to have positive responses (e.g., treatment upgrading, positive word-of-mouth) toward the desired possession of other customers (i.e., VIP treatment). Investigating the antecedents leading to non-VIP customers’ benign envy of preferential treatment in the relationship marketing domain is a critical issue. Therefore, the primary objective of the current research is to investigate the antecedent conditions leading to non-VIP customers’ benign envy in preferential treatment (i.e., VIP treatment) contexts. To achieve my research objective of predicting benign envy of non-VIP customers, I first propose a popular market factor, the VIP granting method, as an antecedent variable influencing non-VIP customers’ benign envy (criterion variable). Specifically, I propose two types of VIP granting methods which have different impacts on benign envy of non-VIP customers toward VIP treatment. The current research theorizes that ascription-oriented VIP granting methods (e.g., birthdate, gender, kinship) and achievement-oriented VIP granting methods (e.g., accumulated consumption points, accumulated mileage, stipulated deposits) determine the choice of salient dimensions for comparison between non-VIP customers and VIP customers, which in turn determines the outcome of comparison (similar vs. dissimilar). The current research further investigates the mediation roles of perceived attainability and perceived deservingness to explain the psychological mechanisms that induce benign envy in non-VIP customers (Study 1). In addition, the current research examines the impact of cultural differences (ascription-oriented versus achievement-oriented) on perceived deservingness of VIP treatment by envied VIP customers (Study 2). The current research contributes to the marketing theory of preferential treatment in four respects. First, this research operationalizes the concept of benign envy as a motivation rather than an emotion to help explain and understand the controversial concept of benign envy in previous studies (e.g., Tai, Narayanan, & McAllister, 2012; Van de Ven, Zeelenberg, & Pieters, 2009). Second, drawing on the concepts of ascription and achievement in the discipline of sociology, the current research classifies conventional VIP granting methods into two categories based on customers’ ascribed attributes (e.g., birthdate) and achieved attributes (e.g., accumulated mileage). This classification helps both scholars and practitioners better understand the impacts of different VIP treatment strategies on non-VIP customers. Third, a theoretical model is proposed to predict benign envy. The proposed model contributes to the service literature with an in-depth understanding of psychological processes explaining how the benign envy of non-VIP customers is induced in the preferential treatment marketing context. Fourth, instead of drawing a holistic view on similarity as adopted in previous envy research and social comparison literature, the current research investigates the effects of similarity between the VIPs and non-VIPs from a more complex but realistic perspective. In this research, the upward social comparison which elicits envy was operationalized by similarity/dissimilarity along with two independent dimensions (ascription and achievement) instead of a unidimensional holistic perception. This operationalization allows the possibility that individuals will be similar in one dimension but dissimilar in another. The salient dimension of similarity between VIP customers and non-VIP customers thus can be triggered and manipulated by different VIP granting methods at the discretion of marketers. This advancement in the operationalization of similarity further contributes to envy studies and social comparison theory in the preferential treatment domain. Finally, the current research contributes to the theory of envy from a cross-cultural perspective and reveals a cultural boundary condition of the effect of perceived similarity on perceived deservingness of VIP treatment, which in turn influences the valence of envy. My findings showed that the effect of perceived similarity on perceived deservingness is more pronounced in achievement-oriented cultures than in ascription-oriented cultures. This is because ascription-oriented non-VIP customers (vs. achievement-oriented) tend to respect and value the ascribed attributes regardless of whether they are the actual beneficiary (i.e., similar to the VIP in personal salient attributes)
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Gerth, Michael. "Das ViP-Projekt." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-138091.
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Die Arbeitsgruppe E-Learning-Service startete im Sommersemester 2009 ein Pilotprojekt im Bereich Video-Podcasts (ViP), das seit dem Wintersemester 2010/11 in den Regelbetrieb übernommen wurde. Ohnen großen technischen Produktionsaufwand entstehen kostengünstige und für den Anwender nutzerfreundliche "E-Vorlesungen".
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Будякова, О. Ю., and В. І. Запорожець. "Особливості організації VIP-туризму." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18662.
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Marie, Jean-Claude. "Caractérisation biologique et chimique du VIP monoiodé : mise en évidence du cycle du VIP et de la désensibilisation réversible par le VIP des cellules HT-29." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066187.
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Mathialagan, Clint Solomon. "VIP: Finding Important People in Images." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53706.
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People preserve memories of events such as birthdays, weddings, or vacations by capturing
photos, often depicting groups of people. Invariably, some individuals in the image are more
important than others given the context of the event. This work analyzes the concept of
the importance of individuals in group photographs. We address two specific questions -
Given an image, who are the most important individuals in it? Given multiple images of a
person, which image depicts the person in the most important role? We introduce a measure
of importance of people in images and investigate the correlation between importance and
visual saliency. We find that not only can we automatically predict the importance of
people from purely visual cues, incorporating this predicted importance results in significant
improvement in applications such as im2text (generating sentences that describe images of
groups of people).Master of Science
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Rosa, Pedro Henrique Alves da. "Comportamento do telespectador do big brother VIP." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11443.
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Mestrado em MarketingAs emissoras de televisão sustentam o seu negócio na entrega de audiências aos anunciantes. Conhecer o comportamento do telespectador permite desenvolver melhor a oferta televisiva, alcançar maiores audiências e aumentar o valor que os anunciantes estarão dispostos a pagar pela sua atenção. Esta investigação aborda um programa do género reality show, o qual consiste na exposição da vida de outras pessoas, com o propósito de entreter o espectador. Em Portugal, o programa Big Brother acabou com a hegemonia da SIC sobre o mercado televisivo português e ajudou a consolidar a programação da TVI, tornando o terceiro player do mercado no líder nacional. Hoje, estas duas maiores empresas de televisão batalham novamente pela liderança de audiências no mercado em horário nobre. O Big Brother VIP foi a maneira que a TVI encontrou para competir com a bem-sucedida novela Dancin' Days, da SIC. Este estudo permitiu perceber que o consumidor pretende gratificar as suas necessidades por autenticidade e voyeurismo. Gosta de comédia e interacção social entre concorrentes e abomina manipulação. Foi ainda analisado o comportamento do espectador regular, o que influencia o consumo das Galas de Expulsão e de Nomeações e o que condiciona as gratificações do espectador ao ver o programa. Identificaram-se, ainda, quatro perfis do consumidor e o concorrente ideal foi descrito como sendo leal, sociável e divertido, preocupado com o bem-estar do grupo, curioso, ambicioso, orientado para a família, que não dependa de terceiros para ser feliz, saiba viver humildemente, saudável, ascético, com tendências igualitaristas, auto-confiante e cooperante.
Television broadcasting companies sustain their business by delivering audiences to advertisers. Knowing audience behavior allows them to better develop the television offer, to attain higher audiences and to increase the value marketers are willing to pay for televiewers attention. This research approaches a reality show television programme which aims to explore the lives of other people in an entertaining manner for the viewer. Portuguese Big Brother ended up with SIC's hegemony over the portuguese television market and helped to consolidate TVI's schedule based on popular information and national drama fiction (novella) which turned the third television player into the national leader. Today these two biggest broadcasting companies are again battling over leadership of primetime's ratings. Big Brother VIP was the way that TVI found to compete against the well succeeded SIC's novella Dancin' Days. This study allowed to access the way the televiewer reacts to the show and made it possible to understand that the consumer wants to gratify its authenticity and voyeuristic needs. He/she likes comedy and social interaction between contestants and abominates manipulation. The results allowed to understand the regular viewer's behavior, what makes people watch the eviction and nominating shows and what influences the gratifications sought by watching the show. There were obtained four viewer profiles as well and the ideal contestant was defined as loyal, sociable and funny, concerned with others well-being, curious, ambitious, family-oriented, don't depends on others to be happy, humble, healthy, ascetic and denotes egalitarian tendencies.
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Tutaya, Zevallos Roxana María. "Plan de marketing para Vip Dating Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/1204.
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El Plan de Marketing propuesto tiene como objetivo establecer la forma de expansión y comunicación de la empresa Vip Dating Perú en el territorio peruano. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de mercado que ayudó a concretar cuáles son las preferencias y el conocimiento que existe de nuestro público objetivo. Asimismo, esta investigación revela que Vip Dating Perú tiene potencial de crecimiento y la marca goza de muy buena aceptación. En lo que se refiere a la estrategia de crecimiento, se determinó expandir las operaciones a las principales ciudades del Perú, Arequipa y Trujillo, realizando un número determinado de eventos por año en cada una de ellas. Por tal motivo, en mayo del 2015 se inició la campaña de promoción y publicidad en Arequipa. Hubo una gran acogida por parte de los medios de comunicación puesto que el servicio es bastante novedoso para la ciudad. Finalmente, el diagnóstico situacional revela más oportunidades y fortalezas que amenazas y debilidades, lo que genera un entorno favorable para el desarrollo del negocio. Esto se verá plasmado en la formulación estratégica de marketing que guiará el logro de los objetivos propuestos.
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NICOLE, PASCAL. "Les recepteurs humains du vip, vpac 1 et vpac 2 : mutagenese dirigee, chimerisme moleculaire et alanine-scanning du vip." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112332.
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Le peptide intestinal vasoactif (vip) joue un role regulateur important dans tout l'organisme. Le but du travail de recherche presente ici est l'analyse de la relation structure-fonction du vip et de ses recepteurs humains vpac 1 et vpac 2. Les recepteurs vpac appartiennent a une sous-famille originale de la super-famille des recepteurs couples aux proteines g (rcpg), la famille de classe ii. Cette sous-famille se caracterise notamment par une extremite n-terminale extracellulaire tres longue, superieure a 120 acides amines, siege de la fixation du ligand. Les etudes menees au cours de cette these se repartissent en trois parties : 1) etude de la relation structure/activite du vip pour interagir avec les recepteurs vpac 1 et vpac 2 humains. Chaque residu du vip est remplace individuellement par un residu alanine (ala-scan). Les differents peptides obtenus par synthese chimique ont ete testes par inhibition competitive de la liaison de vip radiomarque ( 1 2 5i-vip) aux recepteurs recombinants vpac 1 et vpac 2. Les resultats ont montre que les residus importants pour la liaison du vip se repartissent tout du long de la molecule de vip. Ce travail a permis de developper le premier analogue selectif du recepteur vpac 1 humain : ala 1 1 , 2 2 , 2 8-vip. 2) etude de la relation structure/activite des recepteurs humains vpac 1 et/ou vpac 2. Des techniques de mutagenese dirigee et de transfection transitoire des mutants dans des cellules cos-7 et cho en culture ont permis de mettre en evidence le role de differents residus au niveau des recepteurs vpac 1 et vpac 2 dans la reconnaissance du vip. Les resultats obtenus renforcent l'importance du role des domaines extracellulaires (n-terminal et boucles i et ii) dans la liaison du vip. Ces travaux ont permis, par ailleurs, de developper et de valider un modele 3d du domaine n-terminal du recepteur vpac 1 humain. 3) etude de la difference de selectivite pharmacologique du recepteur vpac 1. Nous avons demontre par chimerisme moleculaire et mutagenese dirigee que la selectivite pharmacologique des recepteurs humains et de rat envers un peptide de la meme famille que le vip, le phi, est portee par trois acides amines non-adjacents de la 1 e r e boucle extracellulaire et du 3 e m e domaine transmembranaire. Ce domaine est different du domaine majeur de reconnaissance du vip, le domaine n-terminal.
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Запорожець, Вікторія Ігорівна. "Проблеми та перспективи організації VIP-туризму в Україні." Магістерська робота, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18027.
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Дослідження присвячено аналізу проблем організації та перспектив розвитку VIP-туризму в Україні та світі. В роботі розглянуто сутність та особливості поняття VIP-туризму, визначено основні передумови його організації. Проведено аналіз сучасного стану VIP-туризму в Україні, досліджено вплив пандемії COVID-19 на сучасний стан ринку туристичних послуг. Розроблено VIP-тур по Одесі.Исследование посвящено анализу проблем организации и перспектив развития VIP-туризма в Украине и мире. В работе рассмотрены сущность и особенности понятия VIP-туризма, определены основные предпосылки его организации. Проведен анализ современного состояния VIP-туризма в Украине, исследовано влияние пандемии COVID-19 на современное состояние рынка туристических услуг. Разработан VIP-тур по Одессе.
The study is devoted to the analysis of the problems of organization and prospects for the development of VIP-tourism in Ukraine and the world. The paper considers the essence and features of the concept of VIP-tourism, defines the basic prerequisites for its organization. The analysis of the current state of VIP tourism in Ukraine is carried out, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current state of the tourist services market is investigated. The VIP tour around Odesa has been developed.
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Aliu, Jeton, and Ledia Youkhanis. "Energieffektivisering genom ombyggnad : Med hjälp av VIP-Energy." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121972.
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Detta examensarbete har genomförts i samarbete med Värmex AB där vi har haft Anders Ericsson som handledare, och Peter Hansson (Sweco) som handledare från skolan, Kungliga tekniska högskolan i Haninge. Idag är energianvändningen i flerbostadshus en stor fråga att ta itu med, och för varje byggnadsprojekt skall en energideklaration som visar mängd köpt energi göras. Vi strävar idag efter att minska energianvändningen i flerbostadshus med 50 % till 2050. I denna analys beskriver vi vilka åtgärder man kan ta an för att minska just energianvändningen i ett specifikt flerbostadshus belägen i kommunen Nacka i Stockholm. Då denna byggnad stått från år 1949 utan större underhållning har det visat sig att byggnaden står över BBRs krav gällande energianvändning (90 kWh/m2), och stor anledning är klimatskalet. Källor visar även att delar av klimatskalet så som fasad etc. bör ändras inom 30 år efter det att det byggts, vilket inte har gjorts. Vi har genom en programvara, VIP-Energy valt att utföra denna analys. Med hjälp av offentliga handlingar från stadsbyggnadskontoret så som plan – sektion – fasadritningar har vi mätt nödvändiga mått som vi knappat in i programmet. Även information som byggnadsmaterial, läge på byggnaden och uppvärmningssystem har varit nödvändiga. Jämförelse mot BBRs krav har gjorts automatiskt i programmet och det är sådan slags information vi utgått ifrån. Då vi i denna analys valt att fokusera på klimatskal där tak, golv, väggar, fönster och dörrar ingår visar resultatet att lägre u-värden på byggnadsdelar bidrar till lägre energianvändning. Studier visar att ca 35 % av värmeförlusterna är via fönster, och detta överensstämmer med byggnaden som denna analys är baserad på. Som lösning till detta har vi valt att byta fönster till 2-glas fönster med isolleruta vilket har betydligt lägre u-värde än de vi har idag. Vi vill även förbättra karmen och fogen kring fönstren för att minska transmissionsförlusterna och eventuella drag i bostäderna, vilket i sin tur leder till bättre komfort och skönare atmosfär. Detsamma gäller yterdörrarna som behöver bytas för att hålla värmen inne. Utvändig isolering i ytterväggen bidrar även med förbättringar kring u-värde och energianvändning. Originalhuset visade att byggnadens genomsnittliga U-värde ligger på 0,656W/m2K och energianvändningen ligger på 96 kWh/m2 per år. Enligt BBRs krav för äldre byggnader ska u-värdet ligga på 0,400W/m2K och energianvändningen på 90kWh/m2 per år. Energibalansberäkningen visar nya värden på byggnaden, vilket är totala u-värde på 0,409 W/m2K samt energianvändningen på 64 kWh/m2.This degree project has been written in collaboration with Värmex AB, with the generous help of Anders Ericsson as our fellow adviser and Peter Hansson (Sweco) our mentor from the Royal institute of technology located in Haninge. Today we find questions pertaining to energy consumption in apartment blocks of real significance; with each building project a declaration that shows the amount of energy consumed is of outmost importance. We strive to reduce energy consumption in apartment blocks by 50 % until year 2050. In this degree thesis, we aim to describe measures and solutions to lower the consumption of energy in a specific apartment block located in Nacka, Stockholm. This building has been standing quite untouched and unmarked since 1949, yet it is still in compliance with the demands stated by BBR concerning energy efficiency, in large because of its climate shell. Sources show that greater parts of its outer shell for example the front, should have been repaired during the first 30 years, and the matter is still to be solved. The use of a computer software VIP-Energy has enabled us to state a hypothesis. With the help of public documents from Housing And Urban Development Town Building Office (HUD) giving us an overview of the different dimensions of the building, we've been able to plot all this data into the software. Information such as building materials, location, heating systems have also been necessary in our analysis. Results are automatically compared to the demands required by BBR. It is through experimentation of this data that we have been successful in collecting our results. In the analysis, we chose to focus on the climate shell that constitutes: roof, floors, walls, windows and doors. Our results show that lower U-values conduce better energy efficiency. Studies show that almost 35 % of energy loss in a building is caused by the windows of the building, this this is consistent with the building which this analysis is based on. We have solved this by changing sheet glass that is energy efficient. We also aim to change the frame and seams surrounding the windows, in order to lower transmission losses and possible draughts in the apartments. This will result in hopefully a higher degree of comfort and refreshing atmosphere. The same changes apply to entry doors in order to keep energy loss to a minimum. Also an external insulation in the outer wall contributes to improvements on u-value and use. The original building shows an average U-value of 0,656W/m2K and the energy consumption is 96 kWh/m2 per year. According to BBR, older buildings should have a U-value of 0,400W/m2K and an energy consumption of 90kWh/m2 per year. Energy balance calculation show new values for the building were the u -value should be set to 0,409W/m2K, and energy consumption should be set to 64kWh/m2.
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Almonte, M. Alejandro, L. Ernesto Fairlie, I. Héctor Munita, and G. Mario Ruiz. "Vip´s reposición para pequeñas y medianas empresas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114243.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en AdministraciónNo disponible a texto completo
El punto de venta no es sólo un lugar donde se exhiben los productos, sino que es el sitio donde se toman muchas de las decisiones de compra y por ello cualquier variable que afecte esta decisión modifica el resultado de una compañía. Los supermercados preocupados de este tema, exigen a sus proveedores Reponedores o Mercaderistas, que se encargan de llevar los productos desde la bodega a las góndolas, con lo cual aseguran que el producto esté siempre disponible y además en línea con las estrategias definidas para el producto. Las empresas pequeñas y medianas que ofrecen activamente sus productos a un supermercado sobrepasan las 3.000, y dada sus capacidades, no alcanzan a cubrir apropiadamente todos sus puntos de ventas, ya que significan costos relativamente altos en comparación con sus ventas. Actualmente, en el mercado de la reposición, sólo se ofrece servicios de outsourcing de personal, y no están diseñados para satisfacer las necesidades de las pequeñas y medianas empresas, es por eso que, a través de una estrategia de focalización, crearemos un nuevo concepto en Chile, que es el de la entrega de servicios de reposición integral, especializado en este tipo de empresas, que se caracteriza por el control del servicio, flexibilidad e información desde el punto de venta. A través de este concepto aseguramos diferenciación en el mercado ya que son cualidades difíciles imitar, por las fuertes barreras de entrada que implica tener un sistema como éste, logística interna compleja, sistemas de información sofisticada e inversión inicial elevada. Bajo este nuevo concepto, ofreceremos servicios innovadores como son reposición por hora, el cual podrá aumentar o disminuir de acuerdo a las necesidades del cliente; procedimientos estandarizados, supervisión de mercaderistas, sistemas de información en línea desde el punto de venta, para que el cliente tome de decisiones en el momento; y una única modalidad de cálculo de tarifas, que permite ordenar las cuentas a nuestros clientes. El servicio asegura que ellos no absorberán las ineficiencias como tiempos de traslado o vacaciones, o gastos imprevistos como finiquitos. Para poner en marcha el negocio, nuestro equipo cuenta con todas las habilidades y especialidades necesarias, que en conjunto nos catapultarán al éxito. El proyecto, alcanzará un VAN de MM$ 1.572 en 5 años a una tasa de descuento del 33%, con una inversión inicial de MM$ 285. Se proyecta que el payback se alcanzará antes del mes 15 y el punto de equilibrio en el 5°. Para poder tener VAN positivos, necesitamos 12 clientes, podremos absorber hasta el 21% de caídas de precios y aguantar aumentos de costos de hasta un 30%. El mercado potencial de este negocio alcanza los MMUS$ 26 sólo en la Región Metropolitana, para poder atenderlo, necesitamos socios que deseen compartir el éxito con nosotros. Queremos que forme parte de nuestro equipo, participando de hasta un 49% propiedad, lo que equivale a MM$ 140 de Inversión Inicial. Por cada peso que invierta recibirá $2.5 de ganancia a valor presente, para lograrlo le aseguramos nuestro compromiso económico y dedicación total.
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Gerth, Michael. "Das ViP-Projekt: Videovorlesungen an der Universität Leipzig." Hochschuldidaktisches Zentrum, 2011. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12358.
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Die Arbeitsgruppe E-Learning-Service startete im Sommersemester 2009 ein Pilotprojekt im Bereich Video-Podcasts (ViP), das seit dem Wintersemester 2010/11 in den Regelbetrieb übernommen wurde. Ohnen großen technischen Produktionsaufwand entstehen kostengünstige und für den Anwender nutzerfreundliche "E-Vorlesungen".
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Couvineau, Alain. "Le recepteur du vip : analyse pharmacologique et structurale." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066364.
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Couvineau, Alain. "Le Récepteur du VIP analyse pharmacologique et structurale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596925b.
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Bensalma, Souheyla. "Voie Hedgehog et système VIP-récepteurs dans des cellules de glioblastome." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2317/document.
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La forme la plus agressive des gliomes, tumeurs cérébrales primitives, est l'astrocytome de grade IV appelé aussi glioblastome (GBM). Le pronostic des patients atteints d'un GBM est très sombre du fait de la nature infiltrante de ces cancers et de la présence de cellules souches cancéreuses (CSC) peu sensibles aux thérapies actuelles. Il est donc primordial d'étudier ces deux caractéristiques des GBM. Mes travaux de thèse ont porté sur ces deux aspects.La connaissance de l'implication de la voie de signalisation Hedgehog (Hh) dans le maintien du pool de CSC permet d'envisager de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques visant à les éliminer. La voie Hh joue un rôle important dans le développement embryonnaire. L'activation de cette voie a été mise en évidence dans de nombreux cancers dont les GBM. La cyclopamine est une substance alcaloïde inhibitrice de la voie Hh. L'inconvénient de l'utilisation de la cyclopamine pour une thérapie anticancéreuse est que cette voie est aussi active dans les cellules souches somatiques adultes. Pour cibler la tumeur, une prodrogue glucuronylée de la cyclopamine a été synthétisée. La partie glucuronide peut être hydrolysée par la β-glucuronidase, une enzyme présente dans la zone nécrotique des GBM, conduisant à la libération de la cyclopamine active de façon ciblée, dans le microenvironnement tumoral. Des tests de viabilité indiquent que cette prodrogue ne présente pas latoxicité de la cyclopamine envers les cellules C6 de GBM de rat, leur population de cellule souches (C6-GSC) ainsi que dans des coupes de cerveau de rat adulte. En revanche, l'hydrolyse par la β-glucuronidase de cette prodrogue permet de restaurer la toxicité de la cyclopamine sur les cellules de GBM. L'analyse par RT-qPCR de l'expression d'un gène cible de la voie Hh, le facteur de transcription GLI1, permet de vérifier l'inhibition spécifique de la voie Hh par la cyclopamine dans les cellules C6 et les C6-GSC. Ainsi, la prodrogue en libérant la cyclopamine dans l'environnement tumoral devrait permettre de limiter l'étendue des effets de la drogue sur les cellules saines du cerveau.La voie Hh joue un rôle dans la régulation de la migration et de l'invasion des cellules de GBM. Mon équipe d'accueil a montré que le vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) régule la migration et l'invasion de deux lignées cellulaires M059K et M059J. Dans ce travail de thèse, les effets du VIP et de son analogue le pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide(PACAP) sur la migration et l'invasion des cellules C6 de rat et U87 humaines ont été étudiés. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les agonistes VIP, PACAP-38 et l'antagoniste synthétique VIP10-28 des récepteurs de ces peptides contrôlent la migration et l'invasion dans les deux lignées de GBM. Le VIP et le PACAP-38 inhibent l'invasion ex vivodes cellules C6 dans des coupes de cerveau. De plus, le VIP10-28 augmente la migration et l'invasion de ces cellules de façon PKA-, Akt- et Hh-dépendante. L'étude des voies detransduction impliquées dans l'action des neuropeptides sur la migration et l'invasion des GBM a ensuite été approfondie. Les données obtenues indiquent que le VIP et le PACAP diminuent le taux de la forme active nucléaire de la protéine GLI1 dans les cellules C6 et U87 de façon PKA-dépendante. Inversement, le VIP10-28 augmente l'expression de GLI1 dans les cellules C6 de façon Akt-dépendante. Enfin, nous avons constaté que le PACAP diminue la phosphorylation d'Akt dans les cellules C6 etaugmente celle de la protéine PTEN, en accord avec le rôle de ces kinases dans la régulation de la migration cellulaire et de l'activité GLI1. L'ensemble de ces résultats indique que le système VIP-récepteurs régule la migration et l'invasion par des interactions entre les voies PKA, Hh et Akt/PTEN dans les cellules de GBMThe most aggressive form of glioma, primary brain tumors, is grade IV astrocytoma also called glioblastoma (GBM)
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Maugeri, Grazia. "The role of VIP family members in diabetic retinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4153.
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes leading to blindness. Hyperglycemic/hypoxic microenvironment concurs to mechanical breakdown of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) as well as the aberrant angiogenesis activating many downstream target genes including inflammatory cytokines and vasoactive peptides, such as interleukin-1beta and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To date, intravitreal injection of agents directed against VEGF represents the elective DR therapy. However, they counteract efficaciently ocular neovascularization only in 50% of treated patients, suggesting that other pathogenic events may play an important role in non-responders. Therefore, there is an increased need for new molecule able to counteract microenvironmental alterations of DR.
It has been largely demonstrated that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) exert a protective effect against retinal injuries, including DR. However, until now, no study has investigated their protective role against the harmful combined effect of both hyperglycemia and hypoxia.
The main objectives of this PhD thesis have been evaluate whether PACAP protects retinal tissue of diabetic rats through modulation of hypoxia and inflammation, both converging on angiogenic process. Moreover, we have investigated the protective effects of PACAP and VIP on BRB integrity whose breakdown due to hypoxic and inflammatory event, leads to diabetic macular edema (DME).
The results have demonstrated that a single intravitreal administration of PACAP in streptozotocin-injected rats modulated the expression of hypoxic, inflammatory and angiogenic factors. Moreover, PACAP and VIP restored the integrity of BRB through the activation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mammalian mitogen activated protein kinase/Erk kinase (MAPK/ERK) survival signaling pathways.
Overall, these data indicate that these peptides, both in vivo and in vitro, perform a beneficial effect to attenuate some pathologic events occuring in DR.
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Andersson, Jenny, and Malin Johansson. "Vakuumisoleringspaneler ur ett livslängdsperspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147544.
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Dagens energidebatt har lett till att ett mer energieffektiviserat byggande efterfrågas. Detta eftersom driften av byggnader kräver mycket energi, varför nya byggnadsmaterial och tekniker är nödvändiga. För att sänka energiförbrukningen krävs att behovet av mängden tillförd värme reduceras. Detta kan uppnås med en förbättrad värmeisolering. Nackdelen med traditionella isoleringsmaterial som till exempel mineralull är att en förbättrad värmeisolering kräver ökad värmeisoleringstjocklek. Detta leder i sin tur till tjockare ytterväggar, större materialåtgång och en minskad bo- eller uthyrningsbar yta. Sedan några år tillbaka har ett nytt värmeisoleringsmaterial börjat användas i byggnadssammanhang, nämligen vakuumisoleringspaneler (VIP). Dessa paneler tillverkas med en låg värmekonduktivitet och kan ge upp till nio gånger tunnare isoleringstjocklek jämfört med väggar isolerade med mineralull vid samma värmegenomgångskoefficient. En svaghet hos VIP ligger dock i dess beständighet, då flera faktorer kraftigt reducerar dess livslängd. Fokus i artikeln har lagts på vakuumisoleringspaneler gällande dess uppbyggnad och faktorer som påverkar dess livslängd. För att få en helhetsbild jämförs egenskaperna hos VIP med mineralull för att senare dra slutsatser om dess för- och nackdelar. Den goda värmekonduktiviteten hos VIP på 0.004 W/(m∙K) fås genom att ett vakuum skapas inuti dess kärna. Denna värmekonduktivitet är mycket känslig för yttre påverkan och förändras därför under materialets livstid. Minsta skada i panelen bidrar till att läckor uppstår och medför att vakuumet inuti kärnan går förlorat, vilket bidrar till en ökning av det inre trycket och panelens värmekonduktivitet. Detta på grund av att luft- och fuktmolekyler tränger in i kärnan via diffusion. På grund av detta läckage, vars storlek avgörs av faktorer som till exempel produktionskvalitet, panelstorlek och omgivande miljö åldras materialet snabbare och det i sin tur bidrar till att sänka materialets livslängd. I dagens läge anses mineralull vara det främsta valet av värmeisolering då vakuumisoleringspaneler uppvisar en mängd brister gällande beständighet och livslängd. Vakuumisoleringspaneler är även dyra, ömtåliga samt komplicerade att transportera och montera. För att VIP på allvar ska kunna konkurrera med mineralull vid val av värmeisolering krävs att utveckling sker för att reducera dess brister. Eftersom det idag ställs högre krav på tunnare ytterväggstjocklek och minskade värmeförluster från byggnader har VIP stor potential till att dess användning i byggnadssammanhang kommer att öka. Detta är fördjupningsdelen i ett arbete som också innefattar projektering och dimensionering av ett småhus.
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Barkarö, Amanda. "Identifiering av mastceller och vasoaktiv intestinal polypeptid och deras association till irritable bowel syndrome." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129911.
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IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder which is estimated to affect one in ten individuals. It affects bowel function and leads to discomfort and pain for the patient. IBS can be subdivided into three separate groups named after the symptoms they bring: IBS-C (constipation), IBS-D (diarrhea) and IBS-M (mix). Today, there are no diagnostic markers for the disorder. The small and large intestine are regularly exposed to foreign substances and microorganisms; hence they contain a large number of immune cells of all sorts. Mastcells (MC) are pro-inflammatory cells and can be found in vast numbers in the intestine wall. They are thought to play an important role in the development of IBS. Studies has also shown that the neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) alter the function of the intestine and increased amount of VIP have been detected in plasma from IBS-patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of MCs and MCs containing VIP in colonic biopsies from: 6 healthy women, 6 women with IBS-D and 6 women with IBS-C. VIP in plasma was also measured in order to compare the amount between healthy and IBS-patients. MCs and VIP containing MCs were quantified using immunohistochemical techniques where the colonic tissue was double stained with antibodies directed towards mast cell tryptase and VIP. Evaluation of the immunostained tissue was performed using fluorescent microscopy. VIP in plasma was analysed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). No significant difference in the number of MCs nor in MCs containing VIP was detected between the groups. However, significant differences in the amount of VIP in plasma was detected between healthy women and women with IBS-D. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of MC and VIP in the pathogenesis of IBS.
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Котенко, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Котенко, and Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Kotenko. "Інноваційні важелі активізації розвитку банків України." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62368.
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В этой работе рассматривается инновационные направления развития банковской системы Украины. Современный рынок банковских услуг,
который значительно пострадал в условиях финансово-экономического кризиса, нуждается в диверсификации своей деятельности. Одним из таких направлений является развитие рынка услуг для VIP-клиентов.This work contains a review of innovation development directions of Ukrainian banking system. It is very important especially in phase of world finance crisis. On of the most perspective direction is an improvement services market for VIPclients.
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DeHaven, Wayne I. "Pacap and vip modulation of neuroexcitability in rat intracardiac neurons." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001042.
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Cobián, Stevenson Alejandro Agustín. "Elaboración de un plan estratégico para Radio Taxis Vip Ltda." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137395.
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Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento hasta el 2/11/2020.Ingeniero Civil Industrial
El principal objetivo de este trabajo de título consiste en la elaboración de un plan estratégico para la empresa de transporte vía terrestre Radio Taxis VIP Ltda. Esta empresa corresponde a una PYME familiar con más de 23 años en el rubro. La empresa cuenta con una sucursal ubicada en la comuna de Ñuñoa y principalmente abastece con el transporte de pasajeros a Farmacias Ahumada, Municipalidad de Vitacura, y Viña Concha y Toro. Parte importante de este trabajo se enmarca dentro de los procesos de profesionalización y re-estructuración estratégica de la empresa. Lo anterior, debido a que al día de hoy se encuentra realizando servicios con márgenes muy bajos y ocupaciones de vehículos muy altas que no le permiten expandirse a nuevos clientes. La metodología empleada en la memoria considera un análisis del entorno, con el fin de determinar las principales tendencias, dinámicas y desafíos que presenta la industria. Luego se procede a realizar un análisis interno de la empresa, utilizando como marco teórico la utilización del modelo de la cadena de valor, el desarrollo de un análisis FODA, seguido del desarrollo del modelo CANVAS, competencias centrales, un análisis profundo a los modelos de negocios actuales de la empresa y finalmente una serie de entrevistas a los clientes. A partir del diagnóstico anterior y las oportunidades particulares presentadas por la empresa, es que se definen los objetivos estratégicos a seguir, la estrategia de crecimiento recomendada, los indicadores y metas a utilizar y finalmente el plan de acción necesario. Además de lo anterior se re-define la visión, misión y el posicionamiento de la empresa. Los pilares propuestos sobre los que se basa el crecimiento de la empresa son el potenciamiento del modelo de negocios de la Viña Concha y Toro, buscando aumentar en los próximos 5 años un 12% de value share dentro de la facturación de la empresa. Además de lo anterior, se busca mejorar la calidad del personal humano mediante una mejora de procesos y capacitación del personal clave en términos de tecnología. Como conclusión, se puede destacar que este trabajo de memoria hace importantes aportes en términos de levantamiento de procesos, cuestionamientos de estrategias, mejora de competitividad, coordinación entre las áreas, mejora de políticas internas, entre otros. Lo anterior son apuestas fundamentales que permitirán a la empresa crear una propuesta basada en la diferenciación, lo que se torna particularmente relevante en una industria comoditizada, a su vez lo anterior otorgar mayor valor agregado a sus clientes y lograr tener una cartera de clientes más diversificada.
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Van, Rampelbergh Jean. "Contribution à l'étude des domaines fonctionnels des récepteurs du VIP." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211842.
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Vip, Stephan-Akash [Verfasser]. "Zeiteffiziente Berechnung der Magnetgeräusche drehzahlvariabler elektrischer Maschinen / Stephan-Akash Vip." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228468540/34.
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Luis, José. "Structure et dynamique du récepteur du peptide vasoactif intestinal (VIP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11068.
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Gomez, Gonzalez Carlos Alberto, Olivier Wertz, Olivier Absil, Valentin Christiaens, Denis Defrère, Dimitri Mawet, Julien Milli, et al. "VIP: Vortex Image Processing Package for High-contrast Direct Imaging." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624676.
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We present the Vortex Image Processing (VIP) library, a python package dedicated to astronomical high-contrast imaging. Our package relies on the extensive python stack of scientific libraries and aims to provide a flexible framework for high-contrast data and image processing. In this paper, we describe the capabilities of VIP related to processing image sequences acquired using the angular differential imaging (ADI) observing technique. VIP implements functionalities for building high-contrast data processing pipelines, encompassing pre- and post-processing algorithms, potential source. position and flux estimation, and sensitivity curve. generation. Among the reference point-spread. function subtraction techniques for ADI post-processing, VIP includes several flavors of principal component analysis (PCA) based algorithms, such as annular PCA and incremental PCA algorithms capable of processing big datacubes (of several gigabytes) on a computer with limited memory. Also, we present a novel ADI algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization, which comes from the same family of low-rank matrix approximations as PCA and provides fairly similar results. We showcase the ADI capabilities of the VIP library using a deep sequence on HR 8799 taken with the LBTI/LMIRCam and its recently commissioned L-band vortex coronagraph. Using VIP, we investigated the presence of additional companions around HR 8799 and did not find any significant additional point source beyond the four known planets. VIP is available at http://github. com/vortex-exoplanet/VIP and is accompanied with Jupyter notebook tutorials illustrating the main functionalities of the library.
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Luis, José. "Structure et dynamique du récepteur du peptide vasoactif intestinal (VIP)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376074919.
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Boisvilliers, Madryssa de. "Effets anti-tumoraux du VIP dans des cellules de neuroblastome." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2283/document.
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Le neuroblastome (NB) est un cancer pédiatrique dérivé de la crête neurale. Les NB à haut risque sont des tumeurs peu différenciées présentant une amplification de MYCN et les plus agressives possèdent en plus une mutation d'ALK. Pour améliorer le traitement de ces tumeurs, les nouvelles thérapies cherchent à induire la différenciation cellulaire, l'inhibition de MYCN et la réduction de la signalisation d'ALK. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que le VIP induit une neuritogenèse dans les cellules de NB à haut risque SK-N-DZ et Kelly, et réduit en plus l'expression de MYCN dans les cellules Kelly, comme précédemment observé pour les cellules IMR-32. En parallèle, le VIP diminue l'invasion des cellules Kelly et IMR-32 et réduit également l'activité d'AKT qui est impliquée dans la signalisation d'ALK, dans les cellules Kelly qui présentent la mutation ALK F1174L. Certains effets du VIP sont dépendants de la PKA. Des analogues du PACAP, un peptide apparenté au VIP, présentent une efficacité supérieure à celle du VIP dans les cellules Kelly. Les effets du VIP sur la neuritogenèse et l'expression de MYCN dans ces cellules sont médiés par le récepteur VPAC2 qui peut avoir une localisation nucléaire dans les lignées cellulaires et les cellules de patients atteints de NB. Une délocalisation de ce récepteur nucléaire par ses propres ligands est observée. De plus, des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines dérivées du tissu adipeux induisent la différenciation des cellules de NB via les peptides VIP et/ou PACAP. L'ensemble de ces résultats indiquent que le VIP et des analogues du PACAP agissent sur des processus moléculaires et cellulaires qui pourraient réduire l'agressivité des NB à haut risque, et pourraient donc présenter un intérêt pour une nouvelle thérapieNeuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer derived from neural crest. High-risk NB are poorly differentiated tumors with MYCN amplification and the most aggressive forms in addition have an ALK mutation. To improve the treatment of these tumors, the new therapies aim to induce cell differentiation, inhibition of MYCN and reduction of ALK signaling. The obtained results indicate that the neuropeptide VIP induces neuritogenesis in high-risk SK-N-DZ and Kelly NB cells, and in addition reduces the expression of MYCN in Kelly cells, as previously observed in IMR-32 cells. In parallel, VIP decreases Kelly and IMR-32 cell invasion and also reduces the activity of AKT that is involved in the signaling of ALK, in Kelly cells harboring the mutation ALK F1174L. Most of these VIP effects are PKA-dependent. Analogs of PACAP, a VIP-related peptide, exhibit a higher efficiency than VIP in Kelly cells. VIP effects on neuritogenesis and MYCN expression in these cells are mediated by the VPAC2 receptor which can have a nuclear localization in the NB cell lines and in NB from patients. A relocation of this nuclear receptor by its own ligand is observed. Moreover, human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue induce NB cells differentiation via VIP and/or PACAP peptides. Taken together, these results indicate that VIP and PACAP analogs act on molecular and cellular processes that might reduce aggressiveness of high-risk NB, and thus could be of interest for new therapy
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Chebbabi, Richard. "Effet du VIP sur la modulation des réponses des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28723/28723.pdf.
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Davari, Ali, and Damir Pavicic. "Das Experiment : -ett försök att skapa den passiva studentbostaden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-18692.
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Byggandet av passivhus har ökat kraftigt under 2000-talet i Sverige. Dock har det inteutformats och byggts några studentbostäder i passivhus form ännu. Denna studie går ut påatt försöka utforma studentbostäder som uppfyller de svenska kraven för passivhus. Genomatt välja ut lämpligt material och komponenter, t ex. väggtyper, platta på mark ochfönstertyper redovisas olika beräkningar för energiförbrukning.I metoden till beräkningarna som genomfördes, där resultaten hamnar i jämförelse medvarandra, användes VIP-energy samt PHPP. Dessa är två olika beräkningsprogram för bl.a.energianvändning. Även olika varianter av byggnaden, som t ex. olika vädersträck, olikaantal våningar, samt olika antal boende i huset testas och beräknas.Resultatet blev tvårumslägenheter på 36 m² med en öppen och funktionell planlösning.Fönstrens placering har stor betydelse för energianvändningen. Detta beror på att fönsterhar mycket sämre u-värde än väggen, samt att det blir stora transmissionsförluster.Undersökningen visar att fasaden med flest fönster i nordlig riktning är sämst urenergisynpunkt. Personvärme, drifttider och ventilationsstyrning har också stor inverkan påresultatet då passivhus främst värms upp genom den energi som redan finns i huset.This research is in its root about creating the first passive student house that fulfils theSwedish passive house criteria (FEBY). Once the relevant elements have been selected,the data will be obtained from calculations for energy consumption. The calculations will bedone in the two software's VIP-energy and PHPP, where the building will be tested invarious forms and types. The results will later on be compared with one another. Theresearch led to a two-room apartment with a square metre of 36, and the fact that theenergy consumption results are weak when the majority of the windows are on the northfacade. As passive houses heat up through already existing energy inside the house,human body heat, uptimes and ventilation control are all significant factors for the result.
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Ahlberg, Johan, Elza Georges, and Mikael Norlén. "The potential of hemp buildings in different climates : A comparison between a common passive house and the hempcrete building system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225793.
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The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the potential of hemp buildings in different climates. The report examines and models two different energy efficient building concepts – the more common passive house and the environmental friendly hempcrete building system. These two buildings thermal performances were then simulated and compared in different climates followed by a brief discussion about their economic and environmental impact. The simulation was performed with the energy calculating program VIP-energy v 2.1.1 with the two models located in Kiruna, Sundsvall, Malmo, Berlin and Rome to represent the different climates. Simulations for different wall sizes and a sensitivity analysis of some significant parameters were also made. The hempcrete building system showed to have a thermal performance similar to that of passive houses in more southern climates. In the north of Sweden however the hempcrete building required up to 20 % more energy than the passive house to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. This deficit could be compensated for with hemp fibre insulation to augment the building envelope and U-value. Furthermore the hygrothermal material properties that were not included in the simulation can be expected to have a significant positive impact on hemp buildings relative thermal performance. With a passive house thermal performance, a healthy indoor environment and an economically viable and environmental friendly production process hemp building demonstrated great potential in all the fields studied.
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Lennartsson, Victor. "Prästgårdsliden Hökerum : En systemutredning för värme- och luftbehandlingssytem." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10173.
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Syftet med studien är att utför en systemutredning med avseende på värme- och luftbehandlingssystem för en aktuell byggnad. Studien fokuserar på att utreda vilka system som är mest optimala för fastigheten. För att lyckas med det utförs en komparativ studie där olika utvalda systemförslag jämförs för att undersöka vilka system som ger den mest energi- och kostnadseffektiva installationen. I rapporten presenteras även en teknikstudie som ska ge den grundläggande kunskap som anses krävas för utredningen. I studien används handberäkningar med gradtimmar och beräkningsprogrammet VIP-Energy för att beräkna byggnadens energi- och effektbehov. Dessutom erhålls information om de olika systemen genom regelbunden kontakt med leverantörer. För luftbehandling handlar studien om att undersöka om ett centralt FTX-aggregat eller lägenhetsaggregat är mest gynnsamt för byggnaden. Utredningen av värmesystemet avser att jämföra bergvärmepumpar mot luft/vatten-värmepumpar för att uppnå ett kostnadseffektivt system. Jämförelsen av systemen utförs genom att ställa för- och nackdelar samt lönsamhetskalkyler mot varandra. På så sätt kan de mest lönsamma systemen för värme- och luftbehandling presenteras. Studien resulterar i att byggnadens energibehov är 69 575 kWh enligt VIP-Energy. Effektbehovet beräknas med hjälp av handberäkningar och resulterar i 25 kW. För luftbehandlingssystemet resulterar undersökningen i att lägenhetsaggregat är den bästa lösningen. Det aggregat som anses vara mest lämpad är Swegon R2 Comfort med roterande värmeväxlare. Den värmepump som ger den mest kostnadseffektiva installationen är CTC EcoPart 414 med en märkeffekt på 14 kW.The purpose of this study is to do an inquiry of systems for heat and ventilation for a current building. The focus of the study is to investigate which system that is the most effective for the property. To fulfil the purpose I have undertaken a comparative study where the chosen proposal of systems is compared to each other. This results in that the most energy and cost efficiency systems can be presented. The report contains a technical study which gives the basic information on the area regarding energy efficiency. The calculations of requirement regarding energy and capacity in the study are performed both by hand and with VIP-Energy. Information is also obtained by regular contact with suppliers. Regarding ventilation a comparasion between a central FTX- unit and a residential unit is made to determine which one that is the most favorable. A similar comparasion is also made regarding the heat system of the building, where a geothermal heat pump is compared to an air/water heat pump. These comparasions are made to be able to obtain both advantages and disadvantages with the systems. These are then used to determine which of the systems that is the most appropriate for the bulding. The calculations with VIP-Energy results in an energy requirement of 69 575 kWh. The capacity requirement, which is calculated by hand, results in 25 kW. The study determine that regarding the ventilation system the residential unit R2 Comfort is the most appropriate for the building. The heat pump that generates the most cost effective system is, due to this study, geothermal heat pump EcoPart 414.
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Atat, Issam. "Diarrhée chronique par ganglioneuroblastome secrétant du V. I. P. Chez l'enfant : à propos d'un cas avec revue de la littérature." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M087.
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Petersson, Frida, and Kristina Viberg. "Utvärdering av energieffektiviseringsåtgärder på Bokelundskolan i Växjö." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12819.
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The purpose with this report is to examine how the implemented energy efficiency measures on Bokelundskolan in Växjö have had impact on the energy use. The measures which have been implemented are, new ventilation system, new heating system, optimized adjustment of the heating system, new windows with U-value 1.2 and lower window height, insulation under windows and in the crawl space. The school's energy use before and after rebuilding has been calculated with the calculation program, Vip-Energy 1.5.5. Calculations of energy use for the school with windows on U-value, 0.9 and 0.7 have also been done. The replacement of windows has been studied from a cost perspective. The conclusion is that the exchange of heat and ventilation system was the biggest contributor to reduced energy use on Bokelundskolan. The evaluation of windows with different U-value showed that windows with U-value 1.2 were the most profitable.
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El, Zein Nabil. "Signalisation du VIP et du PACAP dans les monocytes humains Neuropeptides." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209851.
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PACAP et VIP sont deux peptides structuralement reliés qui appartiennent à la classe de neuropeptides comprenant la sécrétine, le glucagon et le growth hormone releasing factor. VIP et PACAP ont de nombreuses fonctions biologiques au niveau du système nerveux et sont considérés comme des agents neurotransmetteurs, sécrétagogues, neuroprotecteurs, neurotrophiques, mitogéniques et comme agents différenciant. VIP et PACAP utilisés à des concentrations de l’ordre du nano-molaire sont décrits comme agents anti-inflammatoires. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que les neuropeptides PACAP et VIP utilisés à des doses élevées de l’ordre du μ-molaire agissent également comme des molécules pro-inflammatoires au niveau des monocytes humains.
Nous montrons aussi qu’au sein des monocytes humains, le PACAP agit par l’intermédiaire du récepteur VPAC-1. Les voies de signalisation activées incluent de façon proximale la PLC et la PI3-kinase et de façon plus distale les voies ERK et p38 des MAP-Kinases et les voies dépendantes de focal adhésion kinase associées à la protéine du cytosquelette paxilline. PACAP induit également un pic calcique résultant d’une mobilisation intra- et extracellulaire de calcium.
Au niveau fonctionnel, nous montrons quelle PACAP augmente la production de radicaux libres et l’expression membranaire de l’intégrine CD11b impliquée dans l’adhésion et dans la régulation de nombreuses voies métaboliques.
Nous montrons également que de faibles doses de PACAP de l’ordre du nM sont suffisantes pour désensibiliser les monocytes à des concentrations plus importantes de PACAP, concentrations connues pour avoir un effet pro-inflammatoire. Le PACAP a ainsi un double rôle, anti-inflammatoire à faible dose et pro-inflammatoire à dose plus élevé.
Nous avons de plus investigué la présence d’une transactivation au niveau des cellules monocytaires. Dans ces cellules, PACAP comme rapporté dans les cellules neuronales, utilise la signalisation NGF/TrkA. PACAP augmente la fraction phosphorée du récepteur TrkA. L’utilisation d’inhibiteur spécifique du récepteur au NGF est associée à une diminution de la phosphorylation des voies PACAP-dépendantes telles que AKT et ERK. L’inhibiteur du récepteur au NGF diminue également la mobilisation calcique induite par le PACAP avec au niveau fonctionnel une diminution de la production de radicaux libres et de l’expression de l’intégrine CD11b. Enfin, l’observation que les voies métaboliques (ERK) et que les fonctions (production de radicaux libres) induites par le NGF au sein des cellules monocytaires est sensible à la pertussis toxine, agent modulant des récepteurs à protéines G, indique que les phénomènes de transactivation entre les voies PACAP/VPAC-1 et NGF/TrkA se font de façon bidirectionnelle.
Nous montrons enfin que ;à la fois PACAP et VIP sont des ligands du récepteur proinflammatoire FPRL1 au sein des monocytes induisant l’activation des voies AKT/ERK et la mobilisation calcique, responsables de l’augmentation d’expression de l’intégrine CD11b.Nous montrons cependant qu’il existe une voie propre au récepteur VPAC-1, indépendante de FPRL1, médiée par l’axe cAMP/PKA/p38 responsable spécifiquement d’une activité proinflammatoire avec sécrétion de MMP9 et augmentation membranaire de CD35.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Prétet, Jean-Luc. "Entree cellulaire et muqueuse des virus de l'immunodeficience des primates (vip)." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05N077.
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Martin, Jean-Michel. "Aspects structuraux et fonctionnels du récepteur du peptide vasoactif intestinal (VIP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11209.
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La premiere partie du memoire est constitue par une introduction bibliographique dans laquelle ont ete regroupes un certain nombre de resultats concernant: 1) la structure, la biosynthese et les effets physiologiques du peptide vasoactif intestinal (vip) ainsi que la structure et la dynamique de son recepteur; 2) la structure et les aspects fonctionnels des differents constituants (recepteurs, proteines de couplage et molecules effectrices) des recepteurs couples aux proteines g. Nos propres travaux sont exposes dans la deuxieme partie du memoire. Ils concernent principalement la caracterisation moleculaire du recepteur du vip des cellules humaines. Tout d'abord sont presentes les resultats de marquage par photoaffinite du recepteur du vip de la cellule ht29-d4 (adenocarcinome colique humain). Cette technique nous a permis de montrer que le site recepteur du vip de cette cellule est une proteine de masse moleculaire 67 kda. Le recepteur du vip d'hy29-d4 a ete solubilise conserve sa haute affinite pour le vip et une pharmacologie de type humain pour les analogues du peptide. La technique du pontage covalent permet la caracterisation, dans le solubilisat, d'une proteine majeure de masse moleculaire 63 kda. Les caracteristiques hydrodynamiques du recepteur du vip solubilises ont ete determinees par tamisage moleculaire sur aca34. Enfin, nous avons realise la caracterisation moleculaire et dynamique du recepteur du vip de la cellule igr39 (melanome humain). Le recepteur du vip de cette cellule possede une grande affinite pour le vip et une pharmacologie caracteristique du type humain pour les analogues de ce peptide. C'est une glycoproteine de masse moleculaire 60 kda. L'interet principal d'igr39 par rapport a ht29 est d'exprimer a sa surface un nombre tres important de recepteurs du vip. Ce point est tres important si l'on veut aborder la purification du recepteur. Le recepteur du vip des cellules
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Fabre, Catherine. "Etude de la glycosylation du récepteur du peptide vasoactif intestinal (VIP)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11004.
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La caracterisation moleculaire du recepteur vip dans de nombreux systemes revele une grande variabilite dans les masses moleculaires apparentes. Cette hererogeneite moleculaire peut resulter soit de differences dans la longueur de la chaine peptidique, soit de differences dans la glycosylation. Pour discriminer entre ces deux hypotheses, nous avons entrepris l'etude de la structure de la partie oligosaccharidique du recepteur vip provenant de diverses especes (homme, rat et porc) et tissus (melanome, foie, jejunum et pancreas). Les masses moleculaires apparentes des complexes vip-recepteur controles s'echelonnent de 51,8 kda (foie de rat) a 71,2 kda (pancreas humain), la variation etant de 19,4 kda. Apres traitement par la pngase f, endoglycosidase qui clive la totalite des chaines oligosaccharidiques, la difference n'est plus que de 3,5 kda; les masses moleculaires se situent toutes dans la zone des 40 a 44 kda. Ceci indique que les recepteurs vip provenant de sources diverses ont des corps peptidiques de taille similaire et portent des quantites variables de sucres variant de 11,4 a 28,9 kda. En plus de l'heterogeneite moleculaire, il existe une heterogeneite dans la nature des residus glucidiques portes par les chaines glycanniques de ces differents recepteurs. Ces derniers ont une sensibilite variable a la neuraminidase et l'endo-b-galactosidase; aucun des recepteurs n'est sensible a l'a-mannosidase et l'endoglycosidase h. En outre, le recepteur vip d'origine humaine porte au moins trois chaines oligosaccharidiques par molecule de recepteur, exclusivement n-liees, tri-ou tetraantennees, majoritairement sialylees et parfois fucosylees
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Bains, Manpreet. "Genetic Disruption of VIP Signaling Alters Intestinal Microbial Structure and Immunity." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28788.
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) regulates clock gene expression in the brain that synchronizes diurnal feeding behaviors in mammals. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, VIP influences host nutrient absorption from ingested food, and regulates host metabolic functions. VIP signaling ensures efficient nutrient absorption by influencing ghrelin and leptin expression to balance caloric intake. Importantly, obese humans have elevated plasma VIP levels, supporting its association with fat mass accumulation. In contrast, VIP deficiency leads to weight loss and reduced adiposity, while disrupting epithelial cell nutrient absorption, tight junctions and mucus secretion. Moreover, VIP regulates host glucose metabolism as VIP knockout mice are pre-diabetic with elevated blood glucose and insulin levels. In addition to metabolism, VIP is anti-inflammatory and when knocked out results in exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathology. The GI track is also home to ?40 trillion bacteria, called the gut microbiota, which unlock additional calories from fiber for the host. Microbiota dysbiosis is caused by dysfunction in biological systems downstream from VIP signaling, including dysregulated expression of host clock genes, metabolic hormones, immune-relevant mediators and metabolic and inflammatory disease states, like obesity and IBD. It is not known, however, whether the VIP signaling axis contributes to the maintenance of the gut microbiota structure and diversity. We hypothesized that VIP deficiency will cause gut dysbiosis, lower bacterial diversity and reduce its energy extraction potential. To this end, we isolated fecal samples from VIP knockout mice (VIP-/-) and employed 16S rRNA sequencing. VIP deficiency (VIP-/- and VIP-/+) resulted in marked gut microbial compositional changes and reduced bacterial diversity compared to male and female VIP+/+ littermates (n=48). Increased abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Helicobacter genera (gram-negative, GN), with reductions of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, Oscillibacter and Ruminiclostridium genera (gram-positive, GP), were the driving force for the observed increase in the GN/GP ratio. A predicted algorithm program, called PICRUSt, showed changes in microbial metabolism consistent with elevated lipopolysaccharide metabolism and reduced intake of fiber in VIP-/- mice. These data support that VIP regulates intestinal homeostasis by maintaining microbiota balance, diversity and energy harvesting potential, while upholding an anti-inflammatory tone by limiting lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
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Khan, Damla. "The role of VIP in neuro-immune modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/66138/.
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Hippocampal neurogenesis occurs within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and is important for learning and memory. Neurogenesis is impaired in many pathological conditions; an observation that may account for learning and memory deficits in patients suffering from these conditions. Studies on immune-deficient mice show reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and associated learning and memory impairments in mice devoid of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Neuropeptides are potential candidates for mediating neuro-immune interactions. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide, released by firing interneurons from the stem cell niche, that modulates hippocampal neurogenesis via VPAC1/2 receptors. VIP receptors are also present on T lymphocytes. Microglia are innate immune cells that regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. They are ideally placed to communicate with T lymphocytes that normally reside outwith the brain parenchyma. Given the nescience underlying T lymphocyte regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, we sought to investigate the hypothesis that VIP modulates T lymphocytes to release cytokines to regulate hippocampal neurogenesis via interaction with microglia. We have shown that T lymphocytes supernatant increases the proliferation of hippocampal nestin-expressing cells. This effect is further enhanced under VIP treatment via VPAC1 receptor subtype. Examining possible cytokine involvement, we found that IL-4 mediates proliferation. Using Mac-1-SAP to deplete resident microglia, we demonstrated that supernatant acts primarily via microglia to increase supernatant effects. T lymphocytes induce microglia to upregulate cytokines and mediators such as IL-10 and BDNF. Phenotyping showed an additional neurogenic effect under VIP treated supernatant. Our results show VPAC1 receptor subtype expressed by CD4+ T lymphocytes mediates VIP proliferative effects on hippocampal precursor cells via IL-4 cytokine release. Microglia are key for mediating this effect via release of mediators. The findings of this study implicate a novel mechanism for VPAC1 CD4+ T lymphocyte receptor as a neuro-immune mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis, and from a therapeutic perspective, shows that the effect can be pharmacologically manipulated.
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Scuderi, Soraya. "Neuroprotective effects of PACAP, VIP and NAP against hyperglycaemic retinal damage." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4053.
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Diabetic retinopathy, one the most significant and disabling chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, has mainly been regarded as a microcirculatory disease of the retina. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that a primary and early neurodegenerative process characterizes DR. The reason for the retinal degeneration resides in the metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia and in the decreased capability of the retina to adapt to this environment. This situation leads to altered expression patterns of neuropeptides, growth and transcription factors, apoptosis, increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, angiogenesis and disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). All major cell types of the retina are affected: neuronal as well as the glial cells and pigment epithelial cells.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and davunetide (NAP) are three pleiotropic related neuropeptides also expressed in the retina. Their protective role has been shown in different retinal injuries, but little is known about the relationship between these peptides and DR.
The aim of the present thesis was to investigate, using both in vitro and in vivo model of DR, the role of these peptdides on retinal layers by monitoring apoptotic events by western blot and confocal microscopy analysis and measuring the integrity of the outer blood retinal barrier with permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance assay. The underlying signal transduction pathways activated by each peptide and the impact of hyperglicaemia on the expression and distribution at retinal levels of the inflammatory IL-1 mediators were also evaluated. Diabetes was mimicked in adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE19) were cultured for 26 days in high glucose (25mM of D-glucose) and IL-1beta.
The results confirmed that hyperglycemia induced early apoptotic death in the cellular components of the neuroretina, breakdown of the outer blood retinal barrier (BRB) and dysregulation of several components of the metabolic and signaling pathways. The neuropeptides tested activate promising pathways useful for the treatment of this retinal degenerative disease. In particular, PACAP and VIP promote the integrity of the outer BRB, possibly through the modulation of proteins related to tight junctions. Davunetive is able to reduce apoptosis in the diabetic retina by activating the anti-apoptotic p-Akt, p-ERK1, p-ERK2, Bcl-2 and decreasing levels of the pro-apoptotic elements, such as cleaved caspase-3. These results raise the opportunity for the use of these peptides as a possible therapeutic or preventive methods in treating diabetes.
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Maduna, Tando Lerato. "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) controls the development of the nervous system and its functions through VPAC1 receptor signalling : lessons from microcephaly and hyperalgesia in VIP-deficient mice." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ009/document.
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Mes études doctorales ont permis de démontrer que les souris déficientes en VIP présentent une microcéphalie ayant principalement une origine maternelle qui affecte secondairement le développement de la substance blanche. Cette production placentaire par les lymphocytes T pourrait être affectée dans des pathologies du système immunitaire. De plus, nos données indiquent qu’une déficience en VIP prédispose à l'apparition de troubles sensoriels, en particulier de la nociception. Il est donc possible que les déficits précoces de développement du cerveau murin et l'apparition de l'hypersensibilité cutanée mécanique et thermique froide soient deux facettes d'une même pathologie. Des mesures d'activité de décharge spontanée des neurones dans le thalamus sensoriel chez des mâles adultes anesthésiés ont montré que les neurones des animaux KO sont hyper-excités, ce qui suggère un traitement aberrant des informations, notamment nociceptives, ou que l'activité inhibitrice des interneurones des réseaux locaux est réduiteThe studies carried out during my PhD demonstrate that VIP-deficient mice suffer from microcephaly and as well as white matter deficits mainly due to the absence of maternal VIP during embryogenesis, Placental secretion of VIP is dependent on T lymphocytes and could be altered in pathologies of the immune system. Moreover, our data links VIP deficiency to sensory alterations, specifically, the nociceptive system. Thus, it is possible that early developmental defects and hypersensitivity to mechanical and cold stimuli are two manifestations of the same pathology. This hypothesis was reinforced following analysis of spontaneous firing patterns of neurons in the sensory thalamus of anesthetized adult males. Neurons from VIP-KO mice are hyperactive, which suggests aberrant local processing of nociceptive input or that the inhibitory inputs from local interneuron networks is reduced
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Jutengren, Fredrik. "Energisimulering av Lammhults avloppsreningsverk : En jämförelse av energieffektiviserande åtgärder." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53261.
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Detta examensarbete jämför fyra olika energieffektiviserande åtgärders effekt på Lammhults avloppsreningsverk. Anläggningen har simulerats i energiberäkningsprogrammet VIP- Energy och resultatet indikerar att isolering av anläggningens tak är den lämpligaste åtgärden.
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Hiedl, Stephan. "Duodenale VIP-Rezeptoren in der Dünndarmmukosa bei Kindern mit nahrungsmittelinduziertem hyperkinetischen Syndrom." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-20890.
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Risborn, Jonas, and Emanuel Olofsson. "Energieffektivisering av två flerbostadshus i Västerås, byggda 1963 : Enerigbehovsberäkning med programmet VIP+." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12216.
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Abstract The background for this study is that there were a great amount of buildings constructed in Sweden in the years 1965-1975 in a program designed to create one million apartments in a time-period of ten years. These buildings are now, somewhat forty years later in most cases in very poor condition and the need for renovation is great and urgent. This has become a growing problem and more and more voices are being heard pointing towards the vast and extremely expensive task of renovating these buildings. Lately, it has also been more and more important for buildings to be energy-efficient and sustainable environment friendly. In recent years there has been an atempt to solve these problems by renovating such buildings but at the same time making them very energy-efficient. This is in some cases being done by isolating the shell of the building and changing the ventilation-system and so forth. Brogården in Alingsås is the first project to do so and it was finished in February 2009. Our aim has been to simulate actions like the ones in Brogården on two houses from that period of time. By various calculations and conclusions we´ve shown what the result would be if we isolated the shell, replaced the windows with super-isolated windows and changed the ventilation-system. To calculate the energy use we´ve been using a energy calculation program called VIP+ where we have built up the two houses artificially and then simulated the actions mentioned above to decide what the result would be. We have also translated the reduced energy use into a yearly cost to show what the total profit in money would be. The result shows that if the decision would be to go through with this project on these two houses in Västerås they would gain a total of 53 % regarding the energy use in those two houses. This means that the total energy-use have been reduced from 128 kwh/m2 to 60 kwh/m2.
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Blank, Marion Anne. "Studies of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the mammalian genitourinary system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/37644.
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Monteiro, Marko Synesio Alves 1975. "Masculinidade em revista : um estudo da VIP Exame, Sui Generis e Homens." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282004.
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Orientador: Guita Grin DebertDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humamas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T03:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_MarkoSynesioAlves_M.pdf: 11876835 bytes, checksum: 05c3fff215965c1c47a4da25faed54b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise de três revistas masculinas contemporâneas: VIP Exame, Sui Generis e Homens. A pesquisa efetuada incluiu, além de uma observação dos processos sociais de produção das revistas, uma análise dos sentidos internos aos materiais impressos. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma recontextualização, no momento contemporâneo, de oposições binárias, a saber: homem/mulher e homossexualidade/heterossexualidade. Tais divisões são exploradas nas páginas da revista e servem de orientação para os processos de produção conduzidos p or repórteres e editores. VIP Exame e Sui Generis, direcionadas a um público masculino heterossexual e homossexual respectivamente, se aproximam em suas propostas editoriais na medida em que celebram as divisões mencionadas de forma mais explícita. A revista Homens, por sua vez, é analisada como contraponto, por trabalhar com oposições distintas (especialmente entre ativo/passivo), numa proposta editorial voltada exclusivamente à pornografia
Abstract: This research has as its main objective the analysis of three contemporary Brazilian men's magazines: VIP Exame, Sui Generis e Homens. This involved an observation of the social processes of production of the magazines as well as an analysis of the representations of masculinity present in the final printed product, the magazines themselves. The results point to what I called a recontextualization of binary oppositions, primarily male/female and homosexual/heterosexual. These oppositions are explored in the pages of the magazines and also function as general guidelines (even though implicit) of the processes of creation of the magazines. Two magazines work very similarly with these binary opposites, by virtue of their celebration of them: VIP Exame and Sui Generis, which are respectively aimed at heterosexual and homosexual male readers. The magazine Homens, on the contrary, is here analyzed as a counter example, because of the absence of these distinctions in its pages; here we find rather the use of a distinction between active/passive as central to the representations, in a magazine based exclusively on pornography
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Ngobeni, Lulama Ntombana. "Assessing knowledge-transfer in sanitation projects to promote sustainable VIP latrine provision." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20560.
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The aim of this study was to assess how knowledge transfer through community engagement and public participation can be used to support the sustainability of VIP latrines, and hence address the negative perceptions that people have of the VIP latrine. In South Africa, the basic minimum acceptable level of sanitation is a lined Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) latrine. Some sanitation projects utilising VIP latrines have, however, been unsuccessful as a result of the poor construction and design practices, and insufficient buy-in from latrine users. Successful VIP latrine sanitation projects have shown to use effective knowledge transfer through community engagement. The study comprises of a review of literature on community engagement, public participation, sustainable sanitation, VIP latrines and the transfer of knowledge in sanitation projects. The fieldwork study was a comparative assessment of two VIP sanitation projects implemented in the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality: a project coordinated by an NGO appointed by the Department of Human Settlements as part of the Rural Household Infrastructure Programme; and another where the project was run by a project management firm appointed by the local municipality which used funding from the municipal infrastructure grant. For the NGO co-ordinated project, a community engagement approach was adopted, whilst the Project Management Firm co-ordinated project used a public participation approach. The projects were implemented in two villages both situated 10km North East of the town of Bushbuckridge. The comparative assessment was two-fold: an assessment of the sustainability of the VIP latrines, using the Integrated Assessment of Sustainable Development which was developed by Krajnc and Glavic (2004), and a Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH-developed by Ulrich in 1983) (Reynolds, 2007) analysis of the public participation and community engagement methods used in both projects.
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Hu, Emilie. "Imagerie dynamique de la signalisation peptidergique VIP-CRF-PACAP dans le cortex cerébral." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066268.
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Le vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), le corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) et le pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) sont des neuropeptides présents dans le cortex et impliqués dans de nombreux processus physiologiques. Bien qu’ils activent la même voie AMPc/PKA, les réponses induites diffèrent. Mon travail de thèse apporte des éléments pour comprendre comment les cellules peuvent, via la modulation de la voie AMPc/PKA, répondre spécifiquement à divers signaux. L’imagerie FRET de sondes fluorescentes codées génétiquement nous a permis d’étudier la modulation de la voie AMPc/PKA en réponse au VIP, CRF et PACAP dans les cellules pyramidales du cortex de rat. Par single cell RT-PCR et par hybridation in situ, nous avons montré que ces cellules co-expriment les récepteurs VPAC1, CRF1 et PAC1 et que le PACAP-à l’inverse de la plupart des peptides présents dans les interneurones-est majoritairement exprimé au niveau des cellules pyramidales. Par imagerie, nous avons montré que VIP, CRF et PACAP activent respectivement les récepteurs VPAC1, CRF1 et PAC1, induisant l’activation de la voie AMPc/PKA avec des profils spécifiques à chaque peptide. Par une étude en patch-clamp, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’effet excitateur de ces peptides sur les cellules pyramidales, via l’inhibition spécifique du courant IsAHP. Les résultats de ce travail montrent que les cellules pyramidales sont capables de discriminer différents signaux peptidergiques au travers de la modulation d’une seule voie de signalisation et permettent de mieux comprendre comment la spécificité d’action d’un peptide puisse dépendre de la prise en compte de chacune des voies qu’il active.
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Campos, Leila Maria Guissoni. "Projeções hipotalâmicas do núcleo supraquiasmático com base na distribuição de fibras imunorreativas para VIP e AVP no Cebus apella." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-06062014-145441/.
Full textAbstract:
O núcleo hipotalâmico supraquiasmático (SCh), apresenta caracterização neuroquímica com duas subpopulações principais de células, a produtora de polipeptídeo intestinal vasoativo (VIP) e argenina vasopressina (AVP). As fibras IR AVP e VIP oriundas do SCh apresentam características morfológicas específicas que possibilitam o rastreamento a longas distâncias dentro do hipotálamo. No presente estudo buscamos mapear os terminais IR VIP e AVP nas áreas hipotalâmicas do primata Cebus apella utilizando a imuno-histoquímica, e fazer a identificação das áreas hipotalâmicas recipientes do SCh, utilizando o mapeamento da distribuição das fibras IR associado à análise morfológica destas duas substâncias neuroativas. As fibras IR VIP e AVP com características do SCh foram identificadas em porções anteriores como hipotálamo anterior, área pré-óptica, área hipotalâmica lateral, SPZV, até porções mais caudais, porção retroquiasmática, área tuberal. Os resultados indicam um padrão similar de distribuição de fibras IR VIP e AVP nas áreas do hipotálamo e também em áreas descritas como recipientes das projeções do SCh, quando comparado com outras espécies como roedores descritos na literatura.The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, contains a variety of different neurons that tend to form two major subpopulations within the nucleus, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and vasopressin (VP). The immunoreactive (IR) fibers derived from the VIP and VP IR cells of the SCN present morphological characteristics that allow their specific tracking in long distances within the hypothalamus. In the present investigation we aimed map VIP and VP IR terminals in hypothalamic areas of the primate Cebus apella using immunohistochemistry, and to do identification of hypothalamic recipient areas from SCN using the mapping distribution of fibers IR associated with morphological analysis of these two neuroactive substances. VIP and VP IR fibers with characteristics from SCN were identified in the rostral anterior hypothalamic area and medial preoptic area, laterally to the lateral hypothalamic area, and more caudally in SPZV and retrochiasmatic tuberal area. The results indicate that there is a similarity in the pattern of distribution of VIP and VP fibers in the hypothalamic areas and also in areas recipients from SCN projections when compared with nocturnal rodent species described in the literature.
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Behr, Andersson Filip, Askin Cimen, and Toni Hänninen. "Miljonprogrammets möjligheter : Energieffektivisering av Öxnehaga, Jönköping." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11089.
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