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Journal articles on the topic 'Viral titer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Waggoner, Jesse J., Leah C. Katzelnick, Raquel Burger-Calderon, et al. "Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Severe Disease Is Mediated by Serum Viral Load in Pediatric Dengue Virus Infections." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 11 (2020): 1846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz618.

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Abstract Background Low preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody levels are associated with elevated disease severity. While antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue is thought to be driven by viral load, this has not been conclusively shown. We evaluated the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titers, viral load, and disease severity among 133 dengue cases in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort study. Methods Viral load was quantified in acute-phase serum by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed in relation to preinfection antibody titer (measur

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Randhawa, Parmjeet S., Gaurav Gupta, Abhay Vats, Ron Shapiro, and Raphael P. Viscidi. "Immunoglobulin G, A, and M Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplantation." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 9 (2006): 1057–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00114-06.

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ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies were measured in serum samples from 71 organ donors, 81 kidney transplant recipients at transplantation, and 67 patients during the posttransplant period by using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). BK virus (BKV) and JC virus DNA were detected in urine and plasma by real-time PCR. IgG antibodies to BKV were demonstrated in the majority (80.3 to 100%) of patients irrespective of clinical category, but titers were highest in patients with active viral replication. IgA antibodies were present with greater

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Payment, Pierre, and Michel Trudel. "Influence of inoculum size, incubation temperature, and cell culture density on virus detection in environmental samples." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 11 (1985): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-185.

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The influence of inoculum size and cell culture density on virus titer by cytopathic effect or plaque assay was studied using poliovirus type 1 and BGM (Buffalo green monkey) cells as a model for this evaluation. With a plaque assay system, a linear relationship was observed for an inoculum size of up 1 mL/25 cm2; a marked decrease in the number of plaques was observed when over 1 mL of sample was inoculated on this surface area. Cell culture density also affected virus titer; maximal titers were observed when cells were seeded at 25 000 to 75 000 cells/mL and incubated for 6 days before infec

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Saelao, Perot, Ying Wang, Ganrea Chanthavixay, et al. "Genetics and Genomic Regions Affecting Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Infection under Heat Stress in Layer Chickens." Genes 10, no. 1 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10010061.

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious avian pathogen that poses a tremendous threat to poultry producers in endemic zones due to its epidemic potential. To investigate host genetic resistance to NDV while under the effects of heat stress, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on Hy-Line Brown layer chickens that were challenged with NDV while under high ambient temperature to identify regions associated with host viral titer, circulating anti-NDV antibody titer, and body weight change. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 1 was associated with vira

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Finer, MH, TJ Dull, L. Qin, D. Farson, and MR Roberts. "kat: a high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes." Blood 83, no. 1 (1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.1.43.43.

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Abstract We describe a novel retroviral packaging system in which high titer amphotropic retrovirus was produced without the need to generate stable producer clones. kat expression vectors, which produce high levels of retroviral vector transcripts and retroviral packaging functions, were transfected into 293 cells followed by virus harvest 48 hours posttransfection. Viral titers as high as 3.8 proviral copies/cell/mL of frozen supernatant in 3T3 cells were obtained, 10- to 50-fold greater than transient viral titers reported using 3T3-based retroviral packaging lines. Cocultivation of primary

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Finer, MH, TJ Dull, L. Qin, D. Farson, and MR Roberts. "kat: a high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes." Blood 83, no. 1 (1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v83.1.43.bloodjournal83143.

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We describe a novel retroviral packaging system in which high titer amphotropic retrovirus was produced without the need to generate stable producer clones. kat expression vectors, which produce high levels of retroviral vector transcripts and retroviral packaging functions, were transfected into 293 cells followed by virus harvest 48 hours posttransfection. Viral titers as high as 3.8 proviral copies/cell/mL of frozen supernatant in 3T3 cells were obtained, 10- to 50-fold greater than transient viral titers reported using 3T3-based retroviral packaging lines. Cocultivation of primary human CD

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Sarmati, Loredana, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Emanuele Nicastri, et al. "Neutralizing Antibodies against Autologous Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates in Patients with Increasing CD4 Cell Counts despite Incomplete Virus Suppression during Antiretroviral Treatment." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 4 (2001): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.4.822-824.2001.

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ABSTRACT Antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive individuals can remain clinically stable for a long period of time with an increasing CD4 cell count irrespective of incomplete viral suppression. We evaluated the role of neutralizing antibody (NtAb) activity in the etiopathogenesis of this viro-immunological disconnection (defined as an increasing CD4+-cell count despite a persistent, detectable viral load during antiretroviral therapy) in 33 patients failing therapy with two analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. An HIV NtAb titer of ≥1:25

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Shimizu, Toshiaki, Toru Sekitani, Tetsuyasu Hirata, and Hirotaka Hara. "Serum Viral Antibody Titer in Vestibular Neuronitis." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 113, sup503 (1993): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489309128078.

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9

Makela, A. R., W. Ernst, R. Grabherr, and C. Oker-Blom. "Determination of Recombinant Baculovirus Display Viral Titer." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2010, no. 3 (2010): pdb.prot5394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5394.

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Williams, John V., Yu Zhang, Jiuyang Xu, et al. "975. Roles of Type I and III Interferon in Severe Pathogenesis of Human Metapneumovirus." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S34—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.077.

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Abstract Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in children and adults. However, mechanisms of pathogenesis are not fully understood. Methods We tested HMPV clinical and laboratory isolates in an established C57BL/6 mouse model and measured weight loss, airway function, and viral titers. Immune responses were determined using cytokine quantitation and flow cytometry. Results HMPV clinical isolates induced variable disease severity ranging from mild to fatal disease. Laboratory strain TN/94-49 did not cause weight loss, but mice infected with c

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Tsai, Cheng-Ta, Ming-Chang Lee, and Ching-Ho Wang. "REDUCED CHICKEN EMBRYO DWARFING EFFECT IS RELATED TO INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS TW2575/98 REPLICATION EFFICIENCY." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 46, no. 02n03 (2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648520500092.

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An attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (TW2575/98) vaccine strain was successfully developed after 75 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs. However, the in ovo vaccination for disease control was not applied in practice because this vaccine strain is highly pathogenic to chicken embryos (CEs) causing early death, dwarfing and other harmful effects. We compared the differences in virus replication, pathological changes, and tissue tropism between the wild virus and attenuated vaccine strain in CEs inoculated with different viral titer levels, i.e. 0.1, 1 and 10 EID[Formula: see text]/

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Yang, Yi-Chen, Xian-Yao Wang, Yuan-Yuan An, et al. "A Comparative Analysis of Methods for Titering Reovirus." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 8, no. 5 (2020): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738508666200826103322.

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Background: A key challenge in the process of virus amplification is the need for a simple and convenient method for measuring virus titers. Objective: Real-time unlabeled cell analysis (RTCA) was used to establish a standard curve of correlation between half-cell index time (CIT50) and virus titer. At the same time, the virus titer from tunable resistance pulse detection (TRPS) technology was compared with the traditional median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method to evaluate the feasibility and application value of the RTCA technique and TRPS technology. Methods: : Cell index (CI)

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Fain, Baylor, and Hana M. Dobrovolny. "Initial Inoculum and the Severity of COVID-19: A Mathematical Modeling Study of the Dose-Response of SARS-CoV-2 Infections." Epidemiologia 1, no. 1 (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia1010003.

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SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causes a variety of responses in those who contract the virus, ranging from asymptomatic infections to acute respiratory failure and death. While there are likely multiple mechanisms triggering severe disease, one potential cause of severe disease is the size of the initial inoculum. For other respiratory diseases, larger initial doses lead to more severe outcomes. We investigate whether there is a similar link for SARS-CoV-2 infections using the combination of an agent-based model (ABM) and a partial differential equation model (PDM

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Kleiboeker, S. B., G. A. Scoles, T. G. Burrage, and J. H. Sur. "African Swine Fever Virus Replication in the Midgut Epithelium Is Required for Infection of OrnithodorosTicks." Journal of Virology 73, no. 10 (1999): 8587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.10.8587-8598.1999.

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ABSTRACT Although the Malawi Lil20/1 (MAL) strain of African swine fever virus (ASFV) was isolated from Ornithodoros sp. ticks, our attempts to experimentally infect ticks by feeding them this strain failed. Ten different collections of Ornithodorus porcinus porcinus ticks and one collection of O. porcinus domesticus ticks were orally exposed to a high titer of MAL. At 3 weeks postinoculation (p.i.), <25% of the ticks contained detectable virus, with viral titers of <4 log10 50% hemadsorbing doses/ml. Viral titers declined to undetectability in >90% of the ticks by 5 weeks p.i. To fur

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Paul, Ralph W., Dan Morris, Bruce W. Hess, Joseph Dunn, and Robert W. Overell. "Increased Viral Titer Through Concentration of Viral Harvests from Retroviral Packaging Lines." Human Gene Therapy 4, no. 5 (1993): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hum.1993.4.5-609.

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Mihaljevic, Joseph R., Amy L. Greer, and Jesse L. Brunner. "Evaluating the Within-Host Dynamics of Ranavirus Infection with Mechanistic Disease Models and Experimental Data." Viruses 11, no. 5 (2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050396.

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Mechanistic models are critical for our understanding of both within-host dynamics (i.e., pathogen replication and immune system processes) and among-host dynamics (i.e., transmission). Within-host models, however, are not often fit to experimental data, which can serve as a robust method of hypothesis testing and hypothesis generation. In this study, we use mechanistic models and empirical, time-series data of viral titer to better understand the replication of ranaviruses within their amphibian hosts and the immune dynamics that limit viral replication. Specifically, we fit a suite of potent

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Hertzog, Radu Gabriel, Diana Mihaela Popescu, and Bianca Palade. "ANTIBODY TITER ASSESSMENT BY IMAGE CYTOMETRY." Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 80, no. 1 (2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.03.

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"In order to prevent the spread of viral infections or to assess the effectiveness of vaccination, there is an urgent need for methods to quickly identify and characterize possible treatment options. The serological methods, commonly used for antibody titration, are informative yet the data provided are sometimes limited. Imaging cytometry can be an effective approach for characterizing potential therapeutic antibodies to combat viral infections. Using an indirect immunofluorescence test, based on BIOCHIP technology to detect anti-yellow fever virus IgG, we realized a calibration curve based o

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Todd, Jane C., El-Desouky Ammar, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Casey Hoy, and Saskia A. Hogenhout. "Plant Host Range and Leafhopper Transmission of Maize fine streak virus." Phytopathology® 100, no. 11 (2010): 1138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-10-0144.

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Maize fine streak virus (MFSV), an emerging Rhabdovirus sp. in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus, is persistently transmitted by the black-faced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes). MFSV was transmitted to maize, wheat, oat, rye, barley, foxtail, annual ryegrass, and quackgrass by G. nigrifrons. Parameters affecting efficiency of MFSV acquisition (infection) and transmission (inoculation) to maize were evaluated using single-leafhopper inoculations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MFSV was detected in ≈20% of leafhoppers that fed on infected plants but <10% of insects transmitted the

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Corbin, Brian D., Robert JC McLean, and Gary M. Aron. "Bacteriophage T4 multiplication in a glucose-limited Escherichia coli biofilm." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 7 (2001): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-059.

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An Escherichia coli K-12 biofilm was grown at a dilution rate of 0.028 h-1 for 48 h in a glucose-limited chemostat coupled to a modified Robbins' device to determine its susceptibility to infection by bacteriophage T4. Bacteriophage T4 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 caused a log reduction in biofilm density (expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per cm2) at 90 min postinfection. After 6 h, a net decrease and equilibrium in viral titer was seen. When biofilms were exposed to T4 phage at a MOI of 100, viral titer doubled after 90 min. After 6 h, viral titers (expressed as plaque fo

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Hlavaty, Juraj, Anika Stracke, Dieter Klein, Brian Salmons, Walter H. Günzburg, and Matthias Renner. "Multiple Modifications Allow High-Titer Production of Retroviral Vectors Carrying Heterologous Regulatory Elements." Journal of Virology 78, no. 3 (2004): 1384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.3.1384-1392.2004.

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ABSTRACT Tumor-specific expression of therapeutic genes is a prerequisite in many approaches to retrovirus-mediated cancer gene therapy. However, tissue specificity is often associated with a reduction in viral titer. To overcome this problem, we constructed a series of murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based retroviral promoter conversion (ProCon) vectors carrying either the simian virus 40 poly(A) signal trimer (3pA) inserted in the 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) of these vectors or the human cytomegalovirus enhancer region (CMVe) inserted 5′ and 3′ of the retroviral LTRs. Furthermore, an extended

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Kim, Byung-Su, Won Kim, Inho Kim, et al. "Patients with Hematologic Malignancies May Be at Higher Risk of Hepatitis B Reactivation in Spite of Lamivudine Prophylaxis." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1389.1389.

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Abstract Abstract 1389 Poster Board I-411 Introduction: Although lamivudine (LMV) prophylaxis is recommended for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for their malignant disease, viral reactivation sometimes occurs during or after LMV administration. Patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies may have different risk of HBV reactivation because hematologic malignancies require more intensive and immunosuppressive treatment. The aims of this study are to determine predictors of LMV prophylaxis failure and to evaluate the relative risk of failure in pa

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Rouan, Marie-Claude, Tom Gevers, Dirk Roymans, et al. "Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Inhibitor in the Cotton Rat Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 11 (2010): 4534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00643-10.

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ABSTRACT Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, elderly persons, and severely immunocompromised patients. Effective postinfection treatments are not widely available, and currently there is no approved vaccine. TMC353121 is a potent RSV fusion inhibitor in vitro, and its ability to reduce viral loads in vivo was demonstrated in cotton rats following prophylactic intravenous administration. Here, the pharmacokinetics of TMC353121 in the cotton rat, which is semipermissive for RSV replication, were further explor

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Coleman, Jason E., Matthew J. Huentelman, Sergey Kasparov, et al. "Efficient large-scale production and concentration of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors for use in vivo." Physiological Genomics 12, no. 3 (2003): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00135.2002.

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The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for packaging and concentrating lentiviral vectors that consistently yields high-titer virus on a scale suitable for in vivo applications. Transient cotransfection of 293T packaging cells with DNA plasmids encoding lentiviral vector components was optimized using SuperFect, an activated dendrimer-based transfection reagent. The use of SuperFect allowed reproducible and efficient production of high-titer lentiviral vector at concentrations greater than 1 × 107transducing units per ml (TU/ml) and required less than one-third of the total a

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Ak, Ahmet, and Mehmet Kale. "Detecting the Effect of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 Liquid Extract after its Therapeutic Purposed Usage in Calves Showing Symptoms of Respiratory Tract Infection." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80475.

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Background: Respiratory tract diseases are commonly seen in beef cattle. Young calves are affected with many respiratory pathogens. Viral pathogens are particularly seen. There are many causative factors, e.g. environmental conditions, immune system of calves. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed for viral respiratory infections. The purpose of the current study was to investigate effectiveness of Umckaloabo/EPs®7630 liquid extract in some bovine viral pathogens of young beef calves.Materials, Methods & Results: Antibody presence in terms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovin

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Chang, Kevin W., Jangsuk Oh, W. Gregory Alvord, and Stephen H. Hughes. "The Effects of Alternate Polypurine Tracts (PPTs) and Mutations of Sequences Adjacent to the PPT on Viral Replication and Cleavage Specificity of the Rous Sarcoma Virus Reverse Transcriptase." Journal of Virology 82, no. 17 (2008): 8592–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00499-08.

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ABSTRACT We previously reported that a mutant Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) with an alternate polypurine tract (PPT), DuckHepBFlipPPT, had unexpectedly high titers and that the PPT was miscleaved primarily at one position following a GA dinucleotide by the RNase H of reverse transcriptase (RT). This miscleavage resulted in a portion of the 3′ end of the PPT (5′-ATGTA) being added to the end of U3 of the linear viral DNA. To better understand the RNase H cleavage by RSV RT, we made a number of mutations within the DuckHepBFlipPPT and in the sequences adjacent to the PPT. Deleting the entire ATGTA se

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LEONG, YAP KOK, ONG CHIAW XUI, and ONG KIEN CHIA. "Survival of SA11 Rotavirus in Fresh Fruit Juices of Pineapple, Papaya, and Honeydew Melon." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 5 (2008): 1035–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.5.1035.

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Survival of rotavirus in fresh fruit juices of papaya (Caraca papaya L.), honeydew melon (Cucumis melo L.), and pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) was studied. Clarified juices were prepared from pulps of ripe fruits and sterilized by ultrafiltration. One milliliter of juice from each fruit was inoculated with 20 μlof 1 × 106 PFU of SA11 rotavirus and sampled immediately (0-h exposure) and 1 and 3 h later at 28°C. Mean viral titers in juices of papaya (pH 5.1) and honeydew melon (pH 6.3) at 1 and 3 h were not significantly different from titers at 0-h exposure. Mean viral titers in juices f

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Huang, Sue-Min, Jin-Hua Cheng, Chien Tu, Tzyy-Ing Chen, Chun-Ta Lin, and Shao-Kuang Chang. "A BIVALENT INACTIVATED VACCINE OF VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS VIRUS AND GROUPER IRIDOVIRUS APPLIED TO GROUPER BROODFISH (EPINEPHELUS COIOIDES) REDUCES THE RISK OF VERTICAL TRANSMISSION." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 43, no. 03 (2017): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648517500032.

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Forty-one broodfish of orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of a viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) and grouper iridovirus (GIV) inactivated bivalent vaccine in grouper broodfish. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that a detection rate of 10.5% (2/19) was found in egg specimens of VNNV and GIV, which carried approximately 1780 copies of GIV viral DNA in the egg specimens from broodfish before vaccination. This confirmed the vertical transmission route of GIV in broodfish. A significant increase of the anti-VNNV serum antibody tite

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Kwon, Young Jik, Gene Hung, W. French Anderson, Ching-An Peng, and Hong Yu. "Determination of Infectious Retrovirus Concentration from Colony-Forming Assay with Quantitative Analysis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 10 (2003): 5712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.10.5712-5720.2003.

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ABSTRACT The colony formation assay is the most commonly used titration method for defining the concentration of replication-incompetent murine leukemia virus-derived retroviral vectors. However, titer varies with target cell type and number, transduction time, and concentration of polycation (e.g., Polybrene). Moreover, because most of the viruses cannot encounter target cells due to Brownian motion, their short half-lives, and the requirement for target cell division for activity, the actual infectious retrovirus concentration in the collected supernatant is higher than the viral titer. Here

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Vasu, Jayalakshmi, Mouttou Vivek Srinivas, Prabhakar Xavier Antony, Jacob Thanislass, Vijayalakshmi Padmanaban, and Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay. "Comparative immune responses of pups following modified live virus vaccinations against canine parvovirus." Veterinary World 12, no. 9 (2019): 1422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1422-1427.

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Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the most important viral cause of enteritis and mortality in pups. Evaluation and monitoring of pre- and post-vaccine immune responses may help to determine the efficacy of the current vaccination schedule being followed in pups in India. This study aimed to evaluate and monitor the pre- and post-vaccine immune responses of CPV vaccinated pups using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. The neutralizing antibody titer levels were also detected using serum neutralization test (SNT). Materials and Methods: The pups were categorized into two groups

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Draper, Simon J., Anne C. Moore, Anna L. Goodman, et al. "Effective induction of high-titer antibodies by viral vector vaccines." Nature Medicine 14, no. 8 (2008): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.1850.

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González-Parra, Gilberto, Thalia Rodriguez, and Hana M. Dobrovolny. "A comparison of methods for extracting influenza viral titer characteristics." Journal of Virological Methods 231 (May 2016): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.02.005.

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Hasan, Md Mehedi. "Hepatitis B viral titer in chronic hepatitis patients in Bangladesh." Clinical Biochemistry 44, no. 13 (2011): S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1017.

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Martinez-Fernandez de la Camara, Cristina, Michelle McClements, and Robert MacLaren. "Accurate Quantification of AAV Vector Genomes by Quantitative PCR." Genes 12, no. 4 (2021): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040601.

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The ability to accurately determine the dose of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) therapeutic vector is critical to the gene therapy process. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is one of the common methods to quantify the AAV vector titre, but different variables can lead to inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the conformation of the DNA used as the standard control, and the enzymatic digestion was performed to release the viral genome from the protein capsid on the physical genome titration of a clinically relevant AAV8.RPGR vector, made to good laboratory practice

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Montero-Astúa, Mauricio, Dorith Rotenberg, Alexandria Leach-Kieffaber, et al. "Disruption of Vector Transmission by a Plant-Expressed Viral Glycoprotein." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 3 (2014): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-09-13-0287-fi.

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Vector-borne viruses are a threat to human, animal, and plant health worldwide, requiring the development of novel strategies for their control. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the 10 most economically significant plant viruses and, together with other tospoviruses, is a threat to global food security. TSWV is transmitted by thrips, including the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Previously, we demonstrated that the TSWV glycoprotein GN binds to thrips vector midguts. We report here the development of transgenic plants that interfere with TSWV acquisition and transm

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Hogge, DE, and RK Humphries. "Gene transfer to primary normal and malignant human hemopoietic progenitors using recombinant retroviruses." Blood 69, no. 2 (1987): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.2.611.611.

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Abstract To study the feasibility of using retroviruses for gene transfer into human hemopoietic cells, various cell types were exposed to virus carrying the gene for neomycin resistance (neor). In preliminary studies using K562 cells as targets, we found that high viral titer and co-cultivation with viral producer cells rather than incubation in medium exposed to viral producer cells were important variables for achieving high frequencies of G418 resistant (G418r) colonies. The maximum frequency of G418r K562 colonies after co-cultivation with cells producing a neor virus titer of 4 X 10(6) c

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Hogge, DE, and RK Humphries. "Gene transfer to primary normal and malignant human hemopoietic progenitors using recombinant retroviruses." Blood 69, no. 2 (1987): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.2.611.bloodjournal692611.

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To study the feasibility of using retroviruses for gene transfer into human hemopoietic cells, various cell types were exposed to virus carrying the gene for neomycin resistance (neor). In preliminary studies using K562 cells as targets, we found that high viral titer and co-cultivation with viral producer cells rather than incubation in medium exposed to viral producer cells were important variables for achieving high frequencies of G418 resistant (G418r) colonies. The maximum frequency of G418r K562 colonies after co-cultivation with cells producing a neor virus titer of 4 X 10(6) cfu/mL was

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Felten, Sandra, Ute Klein-Richers, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, et al. "Correlation of Feline Coronavirus Shedding in Feces with Coronavirus Antibody Titer." Pathogens 9, no. 8 (2020): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080598.

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Background: Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection is ubiquitous in multi-cat households. Responsible for the continuous presence are cats that are chronically shedding a high load of FCoV. The aim of the study was to determine a possible correlation between FCoV antibody titer and frequency and load of fecal FCoV shedding in cats from catteries. Methods: Four fecal samples from each of 82 cats originating from 19 German catteries were examined for FCoV viral loads by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, antibody titers were determined by an immuno

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Pracoyo, Noer Endah, Wibowo Wibowo, Raflizar Raflizar, and Felly Philipus Senewe. "Hubungan antara Pengetahuan Responden yang Pernah Menderita Hepatitis tentang Perilaku Penularan Hepatitis C dengan Antibodi Anti Hepatitis C (Titer Anti-HCV) di Indonesia." Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan 28, no. 4 (2018): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/mpk.v28i4.632.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a viral disease that becomes the world’s second problem after hepatitis B virus disease. The prevalence of HCV 3% or about 130-170 million people in the world are infected with HCV. In most developed countries the prevalence is below 1%, but in Asian countries the prevalence is higher. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between hepatitis C immunity (anti-HCV titre) behavior from the Riskesdas 2007. Data was a cross-sectional study, by analyzing anti-HCV titre data and data on age, gender and behavioral variables (use of needles injections, use of razo

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Giles, Brendan M., Stephanie J. Bissel, Dilhari R. DeAlmeida, Clayton A. Wiley, and Ted M. Ross. "Antibody Breadth and Protective Efficacy Are Increased by Vaccination with Computationally Optimized Hemagglutinin but Not with Polyvalent Hemagglutinin-Based H5N1 Virus-Like Particle Vaccines." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 2 (2011): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05533-11.

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ABSTRACTOne of the challenges for developing an H5N1 influenza vaccine is the diversity of antigenically distinct isolates within this subtype. Previously, our group described a novel hemagglutinin (HA) derived from a methodology termed computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA). This COBRA HA, when used as an immunogen, elicits a broad antibody response against H5N1 isolates from different clades. In this report, the immune responses elicited by the COBRA HA virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine were compared to responses elicited by a mixture of VLPs expressing representative HA

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Hirotsu, Nobuo, Hiroki Sakaguchi, Chisako Sato, et al. "Baloxavir Marboxil in Japanese Pediatric Patients With Influenza: Safety and Clinical and Virologic Outcomes." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 4 (2019): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz908.

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Abstract Background We assessed the safety and effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil administration in Japanese children with influenza. Methods This open-label study administered 1 weight-adjusted dose of baloxavir to 107 children aged 1–11 years with laboratory-confirmed, febrile influenza virus infection of ≤48 hours duration. Results Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 34.6% of patients, most commonly vomiting (7.5%); no serious AEs or AEs causing discontinuation occurred. The median time to alleviation of influenza illness was 44.6 hours (95% confidence interval, 38.9–62.5 hours), to reso

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Wang, CY, DJ Looney, ML Li, et al. "Long-term high-titer neutralizing activity induced by octameric synthetic HIV-1 antigen." Science 254, no. 5029 (1991): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.254.5029.285.

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A titer for homologous viral neutralization activity (greater than 1:19,683) was observed after a 3.5-year immunization period with an octameric, branching peptide representing the principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1IIIB envelope protein. Booster immunizations elicited persistent and potent antibodies in guinea pigs, exceeding responses produced by a conventional bovine serum albumin conjugate by 100-fold. Peptide length, central presentation of a conserved sequence, and inclusion of an upstream sequence contributed to immunogenicity. Titers (greater

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Richmond, J. F. L., S. Lu, J. C. Santoro, et al. "Studies of the Neutralizing Activity and Avidity of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env Antibody Elicited by DNA Priming and Protein Boosting." Journal of Virology 72, no. 11 (1998): 9092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.11.9092-9100.1998.

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ABSTRACT DNA vaccination is an effective means of eliciting strong antibody responses to a number of viral antigens. However, DNA immunization alone has not generated persistent, high-titer antibody and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env). We have previously reported that DNA-primed anti-Env antibody responses can be augmented by boosting with Env-expressing recombinant vaccinia viruses. We report here that recombinant Env protein provides a more effective boost of DNA-initiated antibody responses. In rabbits primed with En

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Meyer, Barbara J., and Connie Schmaljohn. "Accumulation of Terminally Deleted RNAs May Play a Role in Seoul Virus Persistence." Journal of Virology 74, no. 3 (2000): 1321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.3.1321-1331.2000.

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ABSTRACT Two independent, long-term infections were analyzed to determine whether changes in viral replication could contribute to the establishment and/or maintenance of persistent Seoul virus infections. Infected cell cultures initially contained high levels of infectious virus and intracellular viral RNA that peaked between approximately 7 to 16 days postinfection and then gradually declined until day 26. After day 26, the viral titers and the levels of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) viral RNAs varied cyclically until the end of the studies. The changes in the concentrations of th

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Chang, S. M., K. Wager-Smith, T. Y. Tsao, J. Henkel-Tigges, S. Vaishnav, and C. T. Caskey. "Construction of a defective retrovirus containing the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase cDNA and its expression in cultured cells and mouse bone marrow." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 2 (1987): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.2.854.

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Defective ecotropic and amphotropic retroviral vectors containing the cDNA for human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) were developed for efficient gene transfer and high-level cellular expression of HPRT. Helper cell clones which produced a high viral titer were generated by a simplified method which minimizes cell culture. We used the pZIP-NeoSV(X) vector containing a human hprt cDNA. Viral titers (1 X 10(3) to 5 X 10(4)/ml) of defective SVX HPRT B, a vector containing both the hprt and neo genes, were increased 3- to 10-fold by cocultivation of the ecotropic psi 2 and amphotropi

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Chang, S. M., K. Wager-Smith, T. Y. Tsao, J. Henkel-Tigges, S. Vaishnav, and C. T. Caskey. "Construction of a defective retrovirus containing the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase cDNA and its expression in cultured cells and mouse bone marrow." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 2 (1987): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.2.854-863.1987.

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Defective ecotropic and amphotropic retroviral vectors containing the cDNA for human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) were developed for efficient gene transfer and high-level cellular expression of HPRT. Helper cell clones which produced a high viral titer were generated by a simplified method which minimizes cell culture. We used the pZIP-NeoSV(X) vector containing a human hprt cDNA. Viral titers (1 X 10(3) to 5 X 10(4)/ml) of defective SVX HPRT B, a vector containing both the hprt and neo genes, were increased 3- to 10-fold by cocultivation of the ecotropic psi 2 and amphotropi

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Julias, John G., Mary Jane McWilliams, Stefan G. Sarafianos, W. Gregory Alvord, Edward Arnold, and Stephen H. Hughes. "Mutation of Amino Acids in the Connection Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Contact the Template-Primer Affects RNase H Activity." Journal of Virology 77, no. 15 (2003): 8548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.15.8548-8554.2003.

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ABSTRACT The crystal structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase in a complex with an RNA-DNA template-primer identified amino acids in the connection domain that make specific contacts with the nucleic acid. We analyzed the effects of mutations in these amino acids by using a one-round HIV-1 vector. Mutations in amino acids in the connection domain generally had small effects on virus titers. To determine whether the mutations affected the level of RNase H activity or the specificity of RNase H cleavage, we used the two-long-terminal-repeat circle junction a

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HIRNEISEN, KIRSTEN A., and KALMIA E. KNIEL. "Comparing Human Norovirus Surrogates: Murine Norovirus and Tulane Virus." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 1 (2013): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-216.

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Viral surrogates are widely used by researchers to predict human norovirus behavior. Murine norovirus (MNV) is currently accepted as the best surrogate and is assumed to mimic the survival and inactivation of human noroviruses. Recently, a new calicivirus, the Tulane virus (TV), was discovered, and its potential as a human norovirus surrogate is being explored. This study aimed to compare the behavior of the two potential surrogates under varying treatments of pH (2.0 to 10.0), chlorine (0.2 to 2,000 ppm), heat (50 to 75°C), and survival in tap water at room (20°C) and refrigeration (4°C) temp

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Chan, Kwok-Hung, Kelvin K. W. To, Ivan F. N. Hung, et al. "Differences in Antibody Responses of Individuals with Natural Infection and Those Vaccinated against Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 5 (2011): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00555-10.

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ABSTRACTThe differential antibody response measured by the commonly used hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays in patients with natural infection and vaccination has not been fully assessed. HI and conventional MN (CMN) assays were performed on sera from 651 patients with natural infection by pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus and on sera from 567 recipients of the corresponding vaccine. Surprisingly, the overall seroprotection rates determined by CMN and HI assays in vaccine recipients were only 44.8 and 35.1%, respectively. Antibody titers measured by the CMN a

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Liu, Jinxiang, Lingdi Li, Hengyan Zhao, et al. "Titer Variation of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Aphids at Different Acquisition Access Periods and Its Association with Transmission Efficiency." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (2019): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-18-0811-re.

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Tristeza, caused by citrus tristeza virus (CTV; Closterovirus, Closteroviridae), is of significant economic importance. Tristeza epidemics have caused severe declines in productivity, and even death, of millions of citrus trees on sour orange rootstock in many regions all over the world. In the field, CTV is most efficiently vectored by the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy)) in a semipersistent manner. The transmission efficiency of the vector is influenced by its acquisition access period (AAP) for CTV. A real-time RT-PCR assay using SYBR Green fluorescent dye was used to est

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Bażanów, Barbara, Agnieszka Frącka, Natalia Jackulak, et al. "Viral, Serological, and Antioxidant Investigations of Equine Rhinitis A Virus in Serum and Nasal Swabs of Commercially Used Horses in Poland." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8719281.

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Background. Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is considered to be an important pathogen in horses, but relatively few studies are available.Aims. The purpose of this study was to verify ERAV seroprevalence in selected horses in Poland, in addition to correlation between ERAV and age and sex of analysed animals and the antioxidant status.Methods. The material collected from clinically healthy horses was tested using the VNT (353 serum samples) and virus isolation method (44 nasal swabs). 27 serum samples with antibody titers between 0 and ≥1 : 2048 were chosen for further analysis. The study was c

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