Academic literature on the topic 'Viral tracings'
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Journal articles on the topic "Viral tracings"
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El-Gohary, Yousef, John Wiersch, Sidhartha Tulachan, et al. "Intraislet Pancreatic Ducts Can Give Rise to Insulin-Positive Cells." Endocrinology 157, no. 1 (2016): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1175.
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Abstract A key question in diabetes research is whether new β-cells can be derived from endogenous, nonendocrine cells. The potential for pancreatic ductal cells to convert into β-cells is a highly debated issue. To date, it remains unclear what anatomical process would result in duct-derived cells coming to exist within preexisting islets. We used a whole-mount technique to directly visualize the pancreatic ductal network in young wild-type mice, young humans, and wild-type and transgenic mice after partial pancreatectomy. Pancreatic ductal networks, originating from the main ductal tree, were found to reside deep within islets in young mice and humans but not in mature mice or humans. These networks were also not present in normal adult mice after partial pancreatectomy, but TGF-β receptor mutant mice demonstrated formation of these intraislet duct structures after partial pancreatectomy. Genetic and viral lineage tracings were used to determine whether endocrine cells were derived from pancreatic ducts. Lineage tracing confirmed that pancreatic ductal cells can typically convert into new β-cells in normal young developing mice as well as in adult TGF-β signaling mutant mice after partial pancreatectomy. Here the direct visual evidence of ducts growing into islets, along with lineage tracing, not only represents strong evidence for duct cells giving rise to β-cells in the postnatal pancreas but also importantly implicates TGF-β signaling in this process.
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Toma, Letitia, Adriana Mercan Stanciu, Anca Zgura, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Camelia Diaconu, and Laura Iliescu. "Electrocardiographic Changes in Liver Cirrhosis—Clues for Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy." Medicina 56, no. 2 (2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56020068.
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Background and Objectives: Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a chronic cardiac dysfunction associated with liver cirrhosis, in patients without previous heart disease, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis. Electrocardiography (ECG) is an important way to evaluate patients with cirrhosis and may reveal significant changes associated with liver disease. Our study aimed to evaluate ECG changes in patients with diagnosed liver cirrhosis and compare them to patients with chronic hepatitis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated laboratory findings and ECG tracings in 63 patients with cirrhosis and 54 patients with chronic hepatitis of viral etiology. The end points of the study were prolonged QT interval, QRS hypovoltage and T-peak-to-T-end decrease. We confirmed the diagnosis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy using echocardiography data. Results: Advanced liver disease was associated with prolonged QT intervals. Also, QRS amplitude was lower in patients with decompensated cirrhosis than in patients with compensated liver disease. We found an accentuated deceleration of the T wave in patients with cirrhosis. These findings correlated to serum levels of albumin, cholesterol and ammonia. Conclusions: ECG changes in liver cirrhosis are frequently encountered and are important noninvasive markers for the presence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
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Jansen, A., and A. Loewy. "Viral tracing of innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8016646.
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Bevins, Sarah. "Tracing the Viral Network." BioScience 65, no. 11 (2015): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv113.
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Ugolini, Gabriella. "Advances in viral transneuronal tracing." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 194, no. 1 (2010): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.12.001.
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Standish, Amelia, Lynn W. Enquist, and James S. Schwaber. "Response : Viral Tracing of Innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5168.121.b.
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Standish, Amelia, Lynn W. Enquist, and James S. Schwaber. "Response : Viral Tracing of Innervation." Science 265, no. 5168 (1994): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5168.121-b.
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Larsen, Philip Just. "Tracing autonomic innervation of the rat pineal gland using viral transneuronal tracing." Microscopy Research and Technique 46, no. 4-5 (1999): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19990815/01)46:4/5<296::aid-jemt6>3.0.co;2-c.
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Lanciego, Jose L., and Floris G. Wouterlood. "Neuroanatomical tract-tracing techniques that did go viral." Brain Structure and Function 225, no. 4 (2020): 1193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02041-6.
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Lynn W., Sun. "Viral and Non-viral Tracing of Cerebellar Corticonuclear and Vestibulorubral Projections in the Mouse." Open Journal of Neuroscinece 3, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13055/ojns_3_1_3.130430.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Viral tracings"
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Beier, Kevin. "Viral Tracing of Neuronal Circuitry." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10241.
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To understand how the nervous system processes information, a map of the connections among neurons is essential. Viral transsynaptic transmission has gained popularity as a method for labeling neural circuits. In particular, the development of retrograde monosynaptic tracing vectors has enabled visualization of the pre-synaptic inputs onto defined sets of postsynaptic neurons. This system utilized the rabies virus (RABV), in which the glycoprotein gene in the virus was deleted, and re-supplied in trans. In order to build alternative, more flexible tracers, we made recombinant VSV genomes, first developing the use of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) for tracing neuronal connections. Viruses encoding several different fluorescent proteins were made, giving brilliantly labeled neurons, bright enough for live imaging and characterization of the detailed morphologies of cells. Expression was very rapid, facilitating identification of neurons both in vivo and in ex vivo applications. In addition, the use of an avian glycoprotein (ASLV-A) allowed specific targeting to cells expressing an avian glycoprotein receptor (TVA). This allowed monosynaptic tracing from defined starter cells. In order to alter the direction and cell type specificity of transmission, we then fitted VSV with a glycoprotein from one of multiple other viruses. Glycoproteins such as the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) endowed VSV with the ability to spread in a retrograde transsynaptic pattern, while the glycoproteins from viruses such as the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) gave an anterograde pattern of transsynaptic spread. This anterograde or retrograde spread was observed in all species tested, and even for other non-VSV viruses, such as lentiviruses. We also developed transsynaptic tracing viruses which direct viral spread between defined cell types, instead of from a defined cell type to any upstream of downstream cell. In all, we developed an extensive transsynaptic tracing repertoire for tracing neuronal connections.
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Baba, Aïssa Hind. "Anatomie et physiologie des voies de sortie du cervelet chez le rongeur." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE018.
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Une acquisition sensorielle et une perception précises sont des éléments clés de la survie. Bien que de nombreux paramètres sous-jacents au traitement des informations sensorielles soient connus, plusieurs aspects sont encore mal compris, comme la contribution exacte de chaque structure cérébrale. Ici, nous analysons la contribution cérébelleuse au traitement sensoriel dans le système des vibrisses de la souris. Nous identifions une projection anatomique et physiologique disynaptique des noyaux cérébelleux vers le cortex sensoriel primaire, impliquant notamment le thalamus postérieur médian (POm). La modulation de cette projection cérébelleuse et thalamique de type "driver" induit un déficit dans une tâche de discrimination sensorielle fine, et sa co-activation avec des entrées périphériques induit le recrutement accru des projections du POm dans la couche I du cortex sensoriel. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats montrent que le cervelet cible aussi des zones corticales non motrices et peut directement moduler le traitement sensoriel par l'intermédiaire d'un noyau thalamique d'ordre élevé, le POm<br>Accurate sensory acquisition and perception are key features to survival. Though many parameters underlying the processing of sensory information is known, several aspects are still poorly understood, such as the exact contribution of each cerebral structure. Here, we analyze the cerebellar contribution to sensory processing in the mouse whisker system. We identify an anatomical and physiological disynaptic projection from the cerebellar nuclei to the primary sensory cortex, involving notably by the posterior medial thalamus (POm). The modulation of this strong driver-like cerebello-thalamic projection induces an impairment in a fine sensory discrimination task, and its co-activation along with peripheral inputs induces the increased recruitment of POm projections to layer I of sensory cortex. Taken together, our results show that the cerebellum targets non-motor cortical areas and can directly modulate sensory processing through a higher order thalamic nucleus, the POm
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Haberl, Matthias. "Studying Neuronal Connectivity in the Mouse Brain in Normal Condition and Fragile X Syndrome." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0480/document.
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Le but de ce travail est l'étude de la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnelle desréseaux neuronaux et le développement des nouveaux outils à cet effet. Car le dernieraspect est une préoccupation majeure de la neuroscience actuelle, nous avonsdeveloppé d'abord un nouveau traceur virale permettant la reconstruction neuronale.Nous avons ensuite appliqué cet et d'autres techniques pour sonder les défauts deconnectivité neuronale dans le syndrome de l'X fragile.Dans la première partie, nous avons discuté les avantages et inconvénients d'unetechnique émergente en utilisant un nouveau type de vecteur viral qui permet uneunique application pour l’étude du cerveau.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons développé, au départ de ce vecteur viral, unenouvelle variante de faciliter le traçage et reconstruction des caractéristiquesmorphologiques de neurones. Nous avons montré la force de cette varianteantérograde du virus de la rage recombinant glycoprotéine supprimé pour lareconstruction de calcul de toutes les caractéristiques morphologiques clés deneurones: les dendrites, épines, les axones longs envergure dans tous les terminaux ducerveau et les boutons.Dans la troisième partie, nous avons examiné les modifications dans la connectivitédes structures cérébrales dans le syndrome du X fragile (FXS). FXS est le retardmental héréditaire la plus fréquente et la forme génétique la plus fréquente del'autisme, ce qui conduit à l'apprentissage et de la mémoire des déficits, lescomportements répétitifs, des convulsions et une hypersensibilité à des stimulisensoriels (visuels). Une des hypothèses éminents dans le domaine de l'autismesuppose une phénotype de hyper-connectivité locale mais de hypo-connectivité pourles connexions longue portée. Pour tester cette hypothèse dans un modèle de sourisFXS nous avons utilisé l'imagerie par résonance magnétique, pour balayer la totalitédu cerveau et de mesurer la connectivité anatomique et fonctionnel. Cela nous apermis d'identifier des altérations de connectivité dans plusieurs domains. Après nous8avons utilisé des traceurs viraux pour explorer un de ceux domains plus detaillé. Enutilisant le virus de la rage rétrograde à quantifier le nombre de neurones projetantvers ces zones, nous avons confirmé une connectivité d'entrée modifié pour le cortexvisuel primaire, ce qui pourrait contribuer au traitement visuel altéré de l'information.Nous avons découvert une connectivité réduite à longue portée globale anatomique etfonctionnelle entre plusieurs régions du cerveau, l'identification FXS comme unepathologie de la connectivité neuronale, ce qui pourrait expliquer les difficultés deplusieurs stratégies de sauvetage visant des cibles moléculaires sont actuellementconfrontés<br>The goal of this work was the investigation of the anatomical and functionalconnectivity of neuronal networks and the development of novel tools for thispurpose. Since the latter aspect is a major focus of current neuroscience, we firstsought a novel viral tracer enabling sparse neuronal reconstruction and neuronclassification. We then applied this and other techniques to probe neuronalconnectivity defects in Fragile X Syndrome.In the first part we discussed the merits and drawbacks of a emergingtechnique using a new type of viral vector that allows in a unique manner mapping ofthe input of a given brain area.In the second part we developed, departing from this viral vector, a newvariant to facilitate the tracing and reconstructing of morphologic features of neurons.We showed the strength of this anterograde variant of the recombinant glycoproteindeletedrabies virus for computational reconstruction of all key morphologicalfeatures of neurons: dendrites, spines, long-ranging axons throughout the brain andbouton terminals.In the third part we examined alterations in the wiring of brain structures inthe Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is the most common inherited mental retardationand most frequent genetic form of autism, leading to learning and memory deficits,repetitive behavior, seizures and hypersensitivity to sensory (e.g. visual) stimuli. Oneof the eminent hypotheses in the autism field assumes a local hyper- connectivityphenotype but hypo-connectivity for long-ranging connections. To test this hypothesisin a FXS mouse model we used magnetic resonance imaging, to scan the entire brainand measure the anatomical and functional connectivity. This allowed us to identifyconnectivity alterations in several areas that we further explored using viral tracers.Using retrograde rabies virus to count the number of neurons projecting to such areaswe confirmed an altered input connectivity to the primary visual cortex, which couldcontribute to the altered visual information processing. We discovered an overallreduced anatomical and functional long-range connectivity between several brainareas, identifying FXS as pathology of neuronal connectivity, which might explain thedifficulties several rescue strategies aiming at molecular targets are currently facing
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Latham, Amity. "Tracing farmers' exploitation, alienation and agency through technology." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2020. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/175264.
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Grain growers are caught in a system of production which is characterised by the privatisation of the farm services sector, global trade, machinery automation, and technologies. The commodity chain is structured so that costs are passed on to farmers through what they buy and sell. As a consequence of this structure, farmers are exploited and subject to the condition of alienation. Previous research has revealed the challenges of farm-scale efficiencies and the demise of rural areas due to farmer-exodus. Since Kautsky’s original publication of The Agrarian Question in 1899, there is still limited material offering a new sociological understanding of farming and the humanistic effects of farm trade. Therefore, this doctoral study is about farmer-exploitation, alienation, and agency, together with the role of political economy, and the function of the commodity chain. It draws upon historical works from labour theorists to seek a better understanding of the humanism of work and participation in commerce in reference to the relations and networks that exist through farming. To trace farmers and their operations, this research uses actor network theory by deploying some of the methods that sit within this approach. Reflexive photography creates a hybrid method with digital images supporting the findings. The photographs in this thesis help to transport the reader to the research setting that is family operated grain growing farms. The key findings are that agency is a property of farmers, land and their machinery. It was found that technology and science facilitated farmer-agency to re-arrange humans and non-humans to hold science stable on farm through strong networks. Technology is responsible for facilitating farmer-agency, which is used as a tool and then it becomes a force, to exert control over farm production. This thesis makes a significant contribution in understanding modern farmer exploitation and how farmers can work to overcome their vulnerability in socio-political economy. This research is place-specific in the dryland agricultural zone of the Wimmera Southern Mallee region of Victoria, but it contributes to a global understanding of what makes farmers act.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Keefe, Kathleen Mary. "In Vivo Visualization of Neural Pathways in the Rat Spinal Cord Using Viral Tracing." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/521830.
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Neuroscience<br>Ph.D.<br>Much of our understanding of the fascinating complexity of neuronal circuits comes from anatomical tracing studies that use dyes or fluorescent markers to highlight pathways that run through the brain and spinal cord. Viral vectors have been utilized by many previous groups as tools to highlight pathways or deliver transgenes to neuronal populations to stimulate growth after injury. In a series of studies, we explore anterograde and retrograde tracing with viral vectors to trace spinal pathways and explore their contribution to behavior in a rodent model. In a separate study, we explore the effect of stimulating intrinsic growth programs on regrowth of corticospinal tract (CST) axons after contusive injury. In the first study, we use self-complimentary adeno associated viral (scAAV) vectors to trace long descending tracts in the spinal cord. We demonstrate clear and bright labeling of cortico-, rubro- and reticulospinal pathways without the need for IH, and show that scAAV vectors transduce more efficiently than single stranded AAV (ssAAV) in neurons of both injured and uninjured animals. This study demonstrates the usefulness of these tracers in highlighting pathways descending from the brain. Retrograde tracing is also a key facet of neuroanatomical studies involving long distance projection neurons. In the next study, we highlight a lentivirus that permits highly efficient retrograde transport (HiRet) from synaptic terminals within the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord. By injecting HiRet, we can clearly identify supraspinal and propriospinal circuits innervating MN pools relating to forelimb and hindlimb function. We observed robust labeling of propriospinal neurons, including high fidelity details of dendritic arbors and axon terminals seldom seen with chemical tracers. In addition, we examine changes in interneuronal circuits occurring after a thoracic contusion, highlighting populations that potentially contribute to spontaneous behavioral recovery in this lesion model. In a related study, we use a modified version of HiRet as part of a multi-vector system that synaptically silences neurons to explore the contribution of the rubrospinal tract (RST) and CST to forelimb motor behavior in an intact rat. This system employs Tetanus toxin at the neuronal synapse to prevent release of neurotransmitter via cleavage of vesicle docking proteins, effectively preventing the propagation of action potentials in those neurons. We find that shutdown of the RST has no effect on gross forelimb motor function in the intact state, and that shutdown of a small population of CST neurons in the FMC has a modest effect on grip strength. These studies demonstrate that the HiRet lentivirus is a unique tool for examining neuronal circuitry and its contribution to function. In the final study, we explore stimulation of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Rac-alpha serine/threonine Protein Kinase (PI3K/AKT) growth pathway by antagonizing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major inhibitor, to encourage growth of CST axons after a contusive injury. We use systemic infusions of four distinct PTEN antagonist peptides (PAPs) targeted at different sites of the PTEN protein. We find robust axonal growth and sprouting caudal to a contusion in a subset of animals infused with PAPs targeted to the PTEN enzymatic pocket, including typical morphology of growing axons. Serotonergic fiber growth was unaffected by peptide infusion and did not correlate with CST fiber density. Though some variability was seen in the amount of growth within our animal groups, we find these PTEN antagonist peptides a promising and clinically relevant tool to encourage CST sprouting, and a potentially useful addition to therapies using combinatory strategies to enhance growth. These studies demonstrate that viral tracing is a powerful tool for mapping spinal pathways and elucidating their ability to reform spinal circuits after injury. Viral vectors can be used in both anterograde and retrograde tracing studies to highlight intricacies of neuronal cell bodies, axons and dendritic arbors with a high degree of fidelity. In the injured state, these tools can help identify pathways that contribute to spontaneous recovery of function by highlighting those that reform circuits past an injury site. In the uninjured state, these vectors can contain neuronal silencing methods that help define the contribution of specific pathways to behavior.<br>Temple University--Theses
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DeBlander, Leah. "Analysis of active neural circuits and synaptic mechanisms of memory." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23906.
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One feature of the brain is that different parts of it respond to different stimuli. This means not all brain regions or neurons within those regions are active at a given moment. This feature of the brain gives it the ability to encode and store a wide range of stimuli that are then used to make predictions about a changing external environment. Activation of non-overlapping neural populations is fundamental to the ability to encode a wide range of stimuli to represent a changing environment. To examine the limits of this idea we used genetic tools to label active cell populations following a neutral stimulus presentation or a learned negative association with the same stimulus. The study examined the degree of similarity between these active populations by comparing key features of the active neurons including gene expression and monosynaptic inputs.
Another feature of the brain is its ability to store information. In a neural population recently activated by a salient stimulus, molecular processes occur that result in the formation and maintenance of a memory. Collectively these processes are referred to as plasticity, and act on short and long time scales to strengthen the connections between active neurons and weaken the connections between inactive ones. Plasticity processes are not only necessary for the formation and storage of memories but also for wiring up the nervous system during development. A molecule called ZIP has been shown to erase memories months after formation and specifically affects plasticity on longer time scales. However, the effects of ZIP on the developing brain are not well understood and difficult to study using ZIP’s typical delivery method of injection into the brain. To facilitate a developmental study of ZIP’s effects, we made a genetic tool that can specify where and when ZIP is delivered to the brain. Results of the study indicated that males were particularly vulnerable to ZIP during early development while females were unaffected.
Together these results provide insight into the limits of information coding potential at the anatomical level and reveal a fundamental difference in plasticity processes in males and females.<br>10000-01-01
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Mathews, Miranda Ann. "Electrophysiological profile and monosynaptic circuitry of efferent vestibular nucleus neurons." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18173.
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As with other sensory modalities, the vestibular system recruits efferent circuitry to transport information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the sensory periphery. This efferent vestibular system (EVS) originates in the brainstem and terminates on vestibular hair cells and afferent fibres in the semicircular canals and otolith organs. Understanding how this central component outputs to the vestibular organs, and mediates motor and vestibular coordination, could potentially impact clinical treatment of vestibular disorders. Previous EVS work has primarily focused on the anatomy, pharmacology, synaptic mechanisms, and peripheral effects of efferent vestibular nucleus (EVN) activation. Although this work is fundamental to understanding this system and its mechanism of action, the behavioural function of the EVS is yet to be ascribed. For this, we need to appreciate the physiology of EVN neurons, and their context of activation within the CNS. In this thesis, I characterise the electrophysiological profile of EVN neurons, and trace their direct monosynaptic circuitry. My methodology includes whole-cell current- and voltage- clamp electrophysiology, and glycoproteindeficient rabies virus tracing techniques. Using these, I enrich understanding of EVN action, and hint at potential functional roles from their CNS partners. The data presented in this thesis provides novel insights into the EVS. EVN neurons are characterised with a homogeneous output, but a heterogeneous synaptic input profile. Inputs to the EVN originate from diverse areas in the brainstem and cortex. These findings suggest that the EVN modulates vestibular end organs in multiple different behavioural contexts. This work forms the basis of subsequent EVS behavioural investigations such as loss of function experiments targeting input regions via optogentic means and subsequent EVS recordings, or silencing of EVN activity and subsequent behavioural testing. Collectively, my results, these future directions, and the existing body of EVS literature, brings us closer than ever to understanding and ascribing a functional role for the EVS.
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Tanabe, Soshi. "Developing novel techniques for primate neural network analyses by retrograde gene transfer with viral vectors." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253133.
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Liu, Yang. "Neural Crosstalk Between Sympathetic Nervous System and Sensory Circuits to Brown Adipose Tissue." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/44.
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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a critical organ for non-shivering thermogenesis, which is under control of both sympathetic and sensory neural innervation. We utilized both a retrograde sympathetic nerve tract tracer pseudorabies virus and an anterograde sensory tract tracer the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1 to locate individual neurons across the neuroaxis that are part of the SNS outflow from brain to interscapular BAT and are part of the sensory input to the brain. We found specific neuronal phenotype of the double-infected neurons distributed from the hindbrain to the forebrain with highest densities in several discrete brain regions: the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), lateral hypothalamus (LHA), parabrachial nucleus (PB) and raphe pallidus (RPa). The neuroanatomical reality of the SNS-sensory feedback loops suggests coordinated control of BAT thermogenesis at several sites and indicates plasticity of SNS-sensory crosstalk.
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Prevosto, Vincent. "Sensorimotor encoding in the primate posterior parietal cortex : electrophysiological and retrograde transneuronal tracing studies." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066225.
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A l’interface des systèmes sensoriels et moteurs, le cortex pariétal postérieur génère des représentations stables de l’espace, et contribue au guidage des mouvements corporels. Nous avons exploré les aires intraparietales médiale (MIP), latérale (LIP) et ventrale (VIP) par électrophysiologie et traçage transneuronal rétrograde. Nous démontrons que les informations vestibulaires de mouvement propre dans MIP viennent directement, par trois synapses, du labyrinthe. Nous décrivons aussi des bases neurales des signaux de position et de mouvement oculaire dans LIP et MIP. Dans VIP, nous montrons que les signaux de position de tête permettent un codage de l’espace centré sur le corps. Enfin, nous dévoilons l’organisation complète des entrées cérébelleuses, nucléaires et corticales, sur MIP, et nucléaires sur LIP. Ces travaux sont un progrès vers la compréhension de la dynamique des représentations spatiales, du mouvement propre et du guidage moteur dans le cortex pariétal postérieur.
Books on the topic "Viral tracings"
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M, Hardy Leslie, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Prenatal and Newborn Screening for HIV Infection., eds. HIV screening of pregnant women and newborns. National Academy Press, 1991.
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Meruane, Lina. Viral Voyages: Tracing AIDS in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Rosenberg, Andrea, and L. Meruane. Viral Voyages: Tracing AIDS in Latin America. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.
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Rigg, Diane. Visitor Log Book: A Visitors Book Serves Many Purposes Including Recording Mobile Phones for Vital Contact Tracing. Independently Published, 2021.
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Crooks, Levinia, and Basil Donovan. Australasian Contact Tracing Manual: A Practical Handbook for Health Care Providers Managing People with HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Other STI's and HIV-Related Tuberculosis. Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM), 2002.
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Prior, Charles W. A. Early Stuart Controversy. Edited by Andrew Hiscock and Helen Wilcox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672806.013.6.
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The literature of religious controversy that appeared between 1603 and 1642 was concerned with much more than debates on predestinarian theology. Instead, it should be seen as a vital conduit for the discussion of one of the most powerful legacies of the English Reformation: the relationship of church and state. Chapter 5 explores this theme by indicating how the reformation process generated political questions on the nature of power over and outside of the Church, before tracing prominent themes in the controversial literature of the Jacobean and Caroline Churches. The chapter argues that religious controversy drove the process of state-formation in the British Atlantic world, and fed into debates on liberty, toleration, and freedom of conscience.
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Nederman, Cary J. 9. Marsiglio of Padua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0009.
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This chapter examines Marsiglio of Padua's political theory, tracing it to his opposition to the pope's interference in secular political affairs, especially Italy and the Holy Roman Empire. Marsiglio formulates theoretical principles to explain the origins and nature of the political community that depend upon a strict distinction between the temporal and spiritual realms. For Marsiglio, government and law exist in order to support the civil peace. After providing a short biography of Marsiglio, the chapter analyses his views on peace, conciliarism, consent, and ecclesiology. It also considers Marsiglio's claim that all secular governments should oppose the ecclesiastical hierarchy, that political society arises from infirmities of human nature, and that citizenship derives from all vital functions in society.
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Kelleher, Richard. Old Money, New Methods. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.23.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between numismatics and archaeology in the later medieval period. It begins by tracing the beginning of the serious study of medieval coins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the estranged relationship between the disciplines of archaeology and numismatics into the modern period. It demonstrates the vital role that coin hoards have played in the study of the monetary economy of medieval England and Wales and the growth of numismatics as a discipline. However, the emergence of single find evidence (principally metal-detector finds recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme) provides us with a new dataset that has the potential to rewrite what we can say about monetization, especially in rural contexts. Imported coins and those used as jewellery or as votive objects are discussed.
Book chapters on the topic "Viral tracings"
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Son, Hyeon Seok, and Myeongji Cho. "Tracing the Driving Forces of Viral Evolution." In Viroinformatics and Computational Virology in Public Health. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5757-5_6.
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Haberl, Matthias G., Melanie Ginger, and Andreas Frick. "Dual Anterograde and Retrograde Viral Tracing of Reciprocal Connectivity." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6688-2_21.
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Song, Siyuan, Zheng Liu, Jinming Zhang, et al. "Viral Circuit Tracing in Biomedical Pain Research: Methods, Protocols, and Applications." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4615-1_3.
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Yalçın, Belgin, and Michelle Monje. "Mapping Synaptic Inputs to Oligodendroglial Cells Using In Vivo Monosynaptic Viral Tracing." In Neuromethods. Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3742-5_14.
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Avendaño, Luis Fidel, Mauricio Canals, Carolina Nazzal Nazal, and Faustino Alonso. "COVID-19 Pandemia, Socio-economic Status, Limitations, and Outcomes Observed in the Access to Health Care." In Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79051-5_7.
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Abstract The global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has symbolized the most serious public health episode since the 1918 influenza pandemic. Although pathogenic factors include host, enviroment, and causal agent, the latter appears typically transcendent. ARN viruses represent the principal future threat. Science rapidly identified the agent and developed vaccines. The easy air viral transmission, mainly from pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, makes ineffective most non-pharmaceutical interventions. Chile started in March 2020 combating the COVID pandemic. The principal actions were (1) rapid viral diagnosis implementation (RT-PCR); (2) containment measures (mobility restriction in the country and frontiers, educational institutions closure, contact tracing, facemasks use, quarantines); (3) reinforcement of COVID health service attention; (4) prompt adquisition of vaccines. Among health actions, the vaccination coverage was the main accomplished objective. Their cost is briefly commented. The public-private coordination and the scientific and health collaboration improved the pandemic management. Despite the decrease in primary health care monitoring of chronic patients due to COVID-19 restrictions, the universal coverage for acute myocardial infarction (Chile, 2005) and the integrated bed system through public-private collaboration of the health system was effective in preventing the increase in case fatality during the pandemic.
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Taine-Cheikh, Catherine. "Interpreting the Traces: On the Grammaticalisation of ˀaṯar." In Semitic Languages and Cultures. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0445.06.
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This chapter examines the grammaticalisation of the Arabic lexeme ˀaṯar (‘trace’), its cognates in Semitic languages, and its evolution into various grammatical forms and meanings across Arabic dialects. The study begins with a semantic and grammatical overview of ˀaṯar in literary Arabic and its cognates in related Semitic languages, drawing on comprehensive lexicographical resources and comparative studies. The analysis highlights how ˀaṯar’s primary meaning (‘trace’ or ‘imprint’) expanded into diverse semantic and morphosyntactic usages. Focusing on the Ḥassāniyya dialect of Mauritania, the chapter details the emergence of a pseudo-verb derived from ˀaṯar to express doubt, inference, or modal possibility. This phenomenon is contextualized within a broader cultural and linguistic framework, where interpreting physical traces is vital in a nomadic pastoralist society. Comparative analysis with other Arabic dialects reveals similar grammaticalisation processes, including the development of adverbial forms (e.g., ˀaṯāri ‘it seems’) and evidential markers in Middle Eastern and Gulf varieties, while noting regional differences in meaning and usage. The study identifies evidentiality (noncommitment to information) as an important feature of ˀaṯar-derived expressions across dialects, reflecting its original semantic field of inference and indirect knowledge. This linguistic evolution exemplifies the interaction of cultural practices and grammaticalisation processes in Arabic. By tracing the transformation of ˀaṯar, the chapter contributes to understanding how semantic and functional shifts shape the lexicon and syntax of Arabic dialects.
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Barrera, Roberto. "7. Dengue Vector Management in Dengue Outbreaks." In Surveillance and Control of Dengue Vectors in the United States and Territories. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0472.07.
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This chapter focuses on dengue vector management during outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic regions. In non-endemic areas, rapid response to imported cases is key. This should involve intensive surveillance, contact tracing, and focused vector control (residual insecticide spraying, larvicide, source reduction) within a 100m radius. High coverage is crucial for containment. Recommendations include thorough investigation of suspected cases, proactive case finding, enhanced entomological surveillance with GIS, and comprehensive, neighbourhood-wide vector control targeting breeding sites and adult mosquitoes, alongside public education. In endemic/epidemic areas, controlling widespread outbreaks is challenging. Prevention through pre-emptive vector control in high-risk ‘hot spot’ neighbourhoods during low transmission seasons is favourable. The response should involve multi-agency collaboration, mass spraying, public education, and enhanced case management. Early warning systems can provide lead time. Sustained, integrated vector control, guided by robust surveillance and defined mosquito density thresholds, is essential. For an epidemic response, activating an emergency operations centre is recommended. This should emphasize community education, bed net use, healthcare training, enhanced surveillance with GIS, and prioritized, area-wide vector control combining larvicide, adulticide, and source reduction. It is vital to evaluate the impact of these interventions. Key messages for dengue prevention target behavioural changes in terms of container management and personal protection for residents and travellers, with specific advice tailored for both endemic and non-endemic areas, as well as secondary prevention within households.
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Kennedy, Rosanne. "The Memoir-Activism Circuit: The Afterlives of Guantánamo Diary in Cultural Memory." In Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73450-2_2.
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AbstractMohamedou Ould Slahi’s internationally celebrated memoir, Guantánamo Diary (2015), written while he was still imprisoned without charge, has been described as the ‘true witness’ of Guantánamo. Translated into multiple languages, it has featured in activist campaigns and has inspired readings, films, podcasts, plays, and panel discussions. As such, the memoir and its remediations have been vital in the remembrance of both everyday life and torture and terror at America’s most infamous post-9/11 prison. To explore the afterlives of Guantánamo Diary, I introduce the memoir-activism circuit, which builds on insights from cultural and collective memory studies and life writing studies, especially intersections of testimony, witnessing, and human rights. To map the remediations of the memoir, its uptake in activism, and the significance of these in the cultural remembrance of Guantánamo, I identify four stages in the circuit: (1) pre-publication memoir advocacy (contesting government secrecy); (2) memoir advocacy (memoir as a medium for making a case); (3) memoir activism (promoting the memoir to seed activism for a cause); (4) memoir in cultural and collective memory (remediating memoir in new cultural forms which may facilitate new cycles of remembrance, remediation, and activism). While these stages will not all be present in other cases of memoir activism, my hope is that this framework will serve as an analytic tool for mapping the place of the literary—and specifically memoir—in both short-term memory activism and longer-term cultural memory, and for tracing the dynamics of memory and forgetting over time.
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Galluccio, Giuliano, Martin Tamke, Paul Nicholas, Tom Svilans, Nadja Gaudillière-Jami, and Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen. "Material Stories: Assessing Sustainability of Digital Fabrication with Bio-Based Materials Through LCA." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_3.
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AbstractLife-cycle assessment (LCA) stands as a vital tool in gauging the environmental impacts of building endeavors. Extending LCA to emerging research practices like advanced digital manufacturing of bio-based materials becomes pivotal for refining materials, appraising outcomes, and steering architecture toward sustainable development and circularity goals. To outline the main obstacles and to provide a potential methodology, the chapter presents two cases of application of LCA to digital fabrication with bio-based materials in experimental research practice. The application is framed within the ISO and EU standards for LCA and is tested through an ex-post “cradle to construction” analysis of two European Research Council (ERC) funded projects developed by the Center for Information Technology in Architecture (CITA) at the Royal Danish Academy. Specifically, a product LCA is performed for bio-polymeric composited 3D robotic fabrication using a novel collagen-based 3D print material, and a comparative LCA is carried out for Glulam manufacturing optimization connecting data from the timbers source in the forest and sawmill with its design and fabrication. In both cases, the prototypes assembly and exhibition are covered by the analysis. The unavailability of data, difficulties in standard protocols adaptation, and material and energy flows tracing in the research process emerge as the main barriers and contribute to aggravate the analysis’s uncertainty. The chapter shows how to manage such uncertainties via sensitivity analysis to evaluate design options according to different impact scenarios. The knowledge established and the methodology outlined in this research could be useful for researchers, designers and industry in the implementation of sustainable digital fabrication processes and new construction materials.
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Ugolini, Gabriella. "Transneuronal Tracing with Alpha-herpesviruses." In Viral Vectors. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012397570-6/50019-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Viral tracings"
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Lhiadi, Redouane, Abdessamad Jaddar, and Abdelali Kaaouachi. "Deep learning-based tools for contact tracing in cases of viral infections." In 2024 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsc62074.2024.10617052.
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Hwang, Juyeon, and Seokhee Jeong. "Fire Protective Coating for Environmentally Friendly City." In MECC 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/mecc2023-19933.
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Abstract Cities represent intricate tapestries of diverse infrastructures where elements with distinct functions coexist in a complex harmony. Notably, high-rise buildings, which exert a significant influence on a city's aesthetics, serve a purpose that extends beyond their architectural significance. Their role encompasses the protection of lives and property in the face of calamity. In the unfortunate event of a fire within a steel-framed structure, a myriad of factors comes into play: combustion gases, flames, intense heat, and harmful smoke. The heightened temperature of the blaze threatens the structure's integrity, intensifying the risk of structural collapse. This is where the significance of fire-resistant coatings becomes apparent. When exposed to high temperatures, these coatings undergo a transformative process, expanding and evolving into an insulating layer. This layer acts as a robust barrier, preventing the searing heat from infiltrating the steel framework. This critical delay provides occupants with precious moments to safely evacuate. In this study, we delve into the evolution of the core technology underpinning the foaming mechanism of fire-resistant paint, tracing its historical development. Furthermore, we investigate how various countries establish, quantify, and validate performance standards for fire-resistant paint in practical settings, emphasizing its vital functions. Special attention is directed towards the evaluation of fire-resistant paint during actual fire incidents. Additionally, our research assesses the risks associated with combustion gases generated during fires, contributing to the development of more environmentally sustainable fire-resistant paints. To conclude, we present a noteworthy case study that illustrates the unique application of fire-resistant paint within the Korean context.
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Hussain, Akram, and Yuan Luo. "Privacy Aware Contact Tracing by Exploiting Social Networks in Viral Disease Outbreaks." In GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9322077.
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Herwartz, Daniel, Swea Klipsch, David Bajnai, et al. "Tracing vital effects in biogenic carbonates via triple oxygen isotope systematics." In Goldschmidt2023. European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.17588.
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Selokar, Ashish Kishor, MD Farhan Iqbal, Sandhya Anilkumar, and Sarika Tavhare. "Bluetooth Profile Testing Using Packet Tracing in Automotive Domain." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0349.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the advancement of automotive industries, the need for wireless connectivity between vehicle and smartphone is increasing. To meet the demand for wireless connectivity, Bluetooth plays a vital role. Testing Bluetooth systems is challenging and complex when development cycles of the system involve multiple partners. The system under test must fulfil consumers expectation of Bluetooth functionality paired with their personal devices. Despite many advances and existence of a few reliable systems, hardware limitation, and lack of standardization in Bluetooth test system are some of the prolonged issues. Throughout the course, various capabilities and existing traditional Bluetooth testing system practice were researched, which majorly at a system level (Black box). The gap of such testing is the escape of defect which involves the interoperability of multiple profiles like AVRCP, HFP, and A2DP. This paper focuses on a reliable testing approach which is based on packet level testing common to BLE and Bluetooth Classic. Research shows there is no common approach for BLE and Bluetooth Classic, some research provides BLE based solution for packet level tracing but lacks to bring it in Bluetooth Classic. The work here will help us in packet sniffing, processing, logging for both BT Classic and BLE profiles. Hence the need to test Bluetooth system to detect and deliver defect-free products would save development cost in terms of time involved in iterative development and testing cycle, and gain customer’s trust. This paper intends to introduce a humble solution to the testing community a step before the functional testing of Bluetooth system through validation of transmitted Bluetooth profile packet-id between the devices.</div></div>
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Forbes, G. W. "Optimization of merit function evaluation in lens design." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mf2.
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The success of global optimization routines in optical design relies heavily on the reliability and efficiency of the methods used for system assessment (i.e., merit function evaluation). In fact, this efficiency is also vital in everyday lens design, since the lion's share of computer time is spent in system assessment. Since the merit function is typically evaluated by tracing a limited set of rays, efficiency can be expressed in terms of the number of rays required to obtain a given accuracy in the measure of overall system performance. For simplicity, the Gaussian pupil is adopted throughout this work. The efficiency of a number of standard system assessment schemes is presented, and some novel highly efficient schemes are described. The key to the new schemes lies in coupling appropriate ray coordinates with the method of Gaussian quadrature. The resulting efficiencies are typically an order of magnitude or more ahead of comparatively simple schemes.
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Lim, Celine S. L., and Sarvenaz Sobhansarbandi. "Heat Flux Analysis of a Solar Thermal Collector Incorporated With Optimized Involuted Reflectors." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95829.
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Abstract Solar energy plays a vital role in the future of clean energy production due to its availability all year round. Some prominent solar energy technologies, e.g. concentrating solar power (CSP), have the ability to focus/concentrate sunlight for large-scale commercial use. Meanwhile for smaller-scale residential use, solar water heating (SWH) systems are often used to provide hot water for household applications, where the solar collectors are the main components of such systems. The type of solar collector of interest in this study is the heat pipe evacuated tube collector (HPETC). To enhance the system’s thermal and optical efficiencies, this study investigates the incorporation of a custom-made involuted reflector mirror to a single HPETC through employing SolTrace’s optical ray tracing method, where the heat flux around the circumference of the absorber tube can be obtained. The maximum and averaged heat flux is compared between a traditional HPETC system and the HPETC system with the involuted reflectors. The result from this study showed that the HPETC system with an optimized involuted reflector experiences up to ∼ 55.3 % increase in maximum heat flux, and an increase up to ∼ 81.2 % in average heat flux across the absorber tube. Consequently, the HPETC incorporating the custom-made involuted reflectors yields to more collected heat and is capable of providing more hot water to be used for residential SWH applications.
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Patel, Swet, James Espinosa, and Alan Lucerna. "Importance of Serial EKGs in the Emergency Room Setting." In 27th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2023. https://doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.103_2023.
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Chest pain is one of the most common chief complaints that presents to the emergency department. More than 8 million patients with chest related complaints present each year with about 10% of all ED visits comprise of cardiovascular emergencies. Immediate evaluation is the standard of care to differentiate between life threatening conditions and non-life threatening ones with the use of 12-lead electrocardiograph (EKG) and bedside monitors. The 12 lead EKG remains gold standard for initial screening and evaluating patients with chest pain and angina equivalents. The test is fairly inexpensive and noninvasive with providing vital information about cardiac rhythm. The America College of Cardiology and The American Heart Association recommend patients who present to the ED with chest pain have a 12 lead recorded within 10 minutes . More importantly than a single EKG are serial EKGs. Literature has demonstrated that serial EKGs are crucial when an initial EKG is non-diagnostic but a patient’s signs or symptoms are consistent with acute myocardial infarction . Literature has shown that serial EKG recordings enhance the diagnostic sensitivity compared to abnormalities on a single tracing and more importantly allow clinicians to observe changes and possible evolving ischemia events. Studies have shown how initial non-ischemic EKGs with patients presenting with sharp chest pain developed into STEMI or STEMI equivalent EKGs due to serial EKGs.
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Lim, Celine S. L., and Sarvenaz Sobhansarbandi. "Optical and Thermal Modeling of a Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Solar Collector With Primary CPC-Involuted Reflector." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113859.
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Abstract Solar energy unquestionably plays a vital role for the future of clean energy production due to its availability all year round. Some prominent solar energy technologies, e.g. concentrating solar power (CSP), have the ability to focus/concentrate sunlight for large-scale commercial use. Meanwhile for smaller-scale residential use, solar water heating (SWH) systems are often installed to provide hot water for household applications, where the solar collectors are the main components of such systems. The type of solar collector of interest in this study is the heat pipe evacuated tube collector (HPETC). To enhance the system’s performance and functionality, this study investigates the incorporation of a primary compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)-involute reflector to a single HPETC. The heat flux analysis has been done through optical ray tracing methods from SolTrace and ANSYS Fluent. The heat flux intensity around the absorber tube was compared for different times of the day. Results from this section of the study shows that the use of a primary CPC-involute reflector increases the overall heat flux received by the absorber tube as well as yielding to uniform heat flux distribution. A transient CFD model was also developed by combining both SolTrace data with ANSYS Fluent, where the fin temperature of the system can be predicted. The CFD model developed was validated with experimental data, with a maximum deviation of 7.2%. The validated CFD model can be used for further optimization study of a HPETC with CPC-involute reflector.
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Hill, Travis. "Data Structures and Integrations for Environmental Reporting and Analytics." In SPE International Health, Safety, Environment and Sustainability Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220512-ms.
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Abstract Data structure and integrations are vital components to a successful implementation of environmental software used for tracking, reporting, and data analytics. Defining the expected data outputs at the beginning of a software implementation results in an efficient and effective reporting process, which meets stakeholders’ expectations, and is the foundation for advanced analytics. A robust evaluation of the expected reporting, whether it is required for regulatory, voluntary, or internal reporting, will set the requirements for source system data. If the data in the identified source systems is not available or reliable, the outputs of the environmental system should be adjusted, or the project should be postponed until the source system data is readily available. This paper explains how the project team and stakeholders defined the requirements, data fields, calculation methodologies, necessary reports, and document approvals. Documentation is necessary to effectively communicate the requirements and expectations for developers, while also allowing appropriate stakeholders to agree on the project deliverables. Without proper documentation and approvals, the project outputs are likely to miss the intended outputs and require rework. During the project planning phase, the implementation teams created workflows or diagrams tracing components for each desired output back to source systems. The diagrams identified data points such as source system fields, frequency of updates, unit of measure, unique identifies, Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, or run-time information. The data point definitions show the availability of the data from the source system and frequency of updates of source system data to influence integration design.